DE807747C - Rigid airship - Google Patents

Description

Rigid airship Ic94o air traffic is mainly contested by aircraft heavier than air, air ships lighter than air are only profitable for griil.ite distances. Both modes of transport suffer still in many: defects. I) ie "Prague ability of aircraft heavier than Air is based on the cutting of air into constant movement. Continuous movement requires a good constant and constant steering of the aircraft. The constant movement is from the crowd of the fuel and of your state of the ': engines a b bad. 1) as ascending and landing in locomotion calls for larger run-in and run-out areas, flight the heat, the values of its extent and the required free flight space outside of elevated like Herge. Houses, buildings, must lie, therefore outside of inhabited areas, outside of the cities. A sudden break in movement leads to crash and shattering of the stuff, such as collisions in the air, icing the wings, pneumatic tires on obstacles, such as Mountains in the fog. Local transport over short distances is worthwhile in planes, there is no need to enter and exit of the airfield cost too much time. The possibility of faster air traffic Resistance-free rooms of greater heights is with loss of the load-bearing capacity of the air-thinner Connected spaces. The traffic across the seas is still a today Risk. The plane heavier than air offers none quiet travel. The load-bearing capacity of airships lighter than air is based on the displacement of air space by gas space.

The gas space is dependent on the supply of gas, as a result of the hitherto The gas-permeable fabric covers used are not guaranteed.

A sufficient supply of gas is only possible if you take large amounts of gas with you in giant bodies' with corresponding counterweight guaranteed.

The gas supply increases as the gas expands as a result of free flow of the expanded gas with subsequent shrinkage.

The necessary filling of the gas space in these cases makes the operation of the airships cumbersome and costly.

The best possible preservation of the gas space depends on the weather and air pressure dependent, the traffic is therefore tied to weather-favorable areas.

The carrier gases are flammable, except for helium; But helium is only available in America.

Because of their size, the giant airships require larger landing sites and accommodation halls against wind currents.

'' The management of the giant ships requires extensive knowledge, a constant calculation of the ship's condition and a large operating staff.

To remedy all of these shortcomings, to create a safe, affordable means of air transport in the broadest sense that can be used by anyone, meets all requirements, as it is offered by the personal atito in terrestrial transport, the invention has made it its task and solved it in the balloon flight: through absolute gas-tightness of aluminum cells as a support body in order to avoid diffusion of gas; by capturing expanding gas in inflatable balloons and in pressure cells to save the expansion gas that was previously freely flowing and thus saving the balancing ballast for diffusing and flowing gas, thus saving corresponding amounts of lifting gas and carrying gas, ttnit the possibility of weeks of travel without gas supplementation and the need to land - Possibility of life and lowering of the ship by means of the inflation pressure cells, which let in and reduce the gas space; made possible by the simplicity of the ship's frame with the smallness of the ship; by the hasty square shape of the cross-section with rounded corners and a parallel shape of the longitudinal section of a ship's hull, which complies with the laws takes into account the flow; by determining the best possible construction and saving construction parts as a result of combination parts such as balloons as a replacement for wire bracing; by means of balancing devices, especially for smaller models elle, for reporting fluctuations by means of a stiffened pendulum; due to the spacious cabinet, made possible by the square shape of the hull, and its appropriate distribution over (read ship: by using the air slot as a water ship with relocation of the cabins in the ship body; by balancing heavy fuel with light fuel and its changing '\% wendting in a gas-oil engine or its equivalent early use in several 'engines. with the result of saving gas and Gas compartment: by calculating all savings and calculation of the minimum dimensions of ships for s # t i ninite I'ersoneiizalil; due to easy operation (the ship as a result automatic gas regulation. Simplicity of the Raising and lowering of the ship, smallness of the Ship, practical shape of the ship finite landing possibility in streets, in squares, at exit walls and other ships in the air Operational equity and security against accidents. For a completely safe transport to At the moment only the balloon with helium filling as a support body in question. Helium is expensive, about 2 DM per cubic meter in America where it is obtained from natural gas sources "- can be earthed, significantly more expensive when extracted from air. Apart from that one also loses from the expensive filling costs Hellos made from conventional balloon material; 1 per day and square meter area of the balloon due to diffusion sion. Continuous use, as it would be from a means of transport is required, would therefore be very cost- be playful. The first condition is therefore a con construction. which avoids the expensive loss of gas. That There is only a diffusion-free gas envelope gas-tight balloon fabric. This balloon fabric offers a light metal, aluminum, which is made in sheet metal from o.> usable up to i min strength and in this strength ken can be produced. Helium and hydrogen do not diffuse through Aluminum, not even at temperatures of 55o and printing of i 5o at (G in e 1 ins I landbuch, An organic chemistry. - \ lumitiiuni A 1 220, water fabric syst. hr. 2 tog). Also strong 'lagnesium mixture does not induce diffusion, since i \ lagne- sium only at temperatures below the melting point point diff undiert (G in e I iii, \ 1 agensburg: \ 2 225), apart from the fact that strong -lagnesium- admixture because of the resulting danger of burning off a dangerous balloon material would give, but even lighter in weight than aluminum. In the touch of ffelium and and hydrogen with aluminum exist chemically no difficulties. Even on molten things Aluminum is helium without influence and also does not react to hydrogen ((, never 1 i ii. aluminum minium A 2 325). So don't order chemically Concerns about using. \ Ltiniinitini as Balloon fabric. There are already airships with aluminum were built, but the alumi- nium sheaths better known in the Ausinal) en hislier Airships have more of the function of a protective cover against the weather than that of an absolutely gaseous th balloon envelope. These cases were also attach many small sheets together or rivets, which of course due to the many Stops, seams and rivets are not absolute Gas tightness could be achieved. The many small metal sheets would be replaced by a few larger Replace the other ones and thus protect the connection points can be reduced, but the previously usual drop shape of the Lriftship body with its curvatures @ -er @ chie <lenstett degree allowed the \ -er- turning of large sheets, as large sheets in these variable curvatures not or only are difficult to manufacture. The smallness and the square, parallel and straight shape of the front on the other hand, allows the use of tking voligeradcnutldilanlitheliehig large Mechen, as far as the width of the rolling presses extends, in length olineliin utillesclir; itikt. The calculated cells of q X 4 to 12 X 12 m in diameter and 2 X 16 in So up to 6 X 48 in scope can only be made from wcnigeii lileclicii, like f @ onserven (fosen, together- set and in it by means of a special construction tnit 1) iclittitigseitilageti fold, clamp or Schweilien, so that the absolute gastightness of the Cells are achieved like the strong ones too Illeclieii of gasometers. So also technically offers Aluniiiiittni a useful balloon fabric. The only thing left is: \ tifgabe the filling of the Ii <tllotis, which, like every volume of space, are filled with air are without the gas filling with the with a pin located in a rigid aluminum balloon tiiisclit. (Otherwise the load capacity of the gas is considerable gcschwJclit tviir (le. I) he filling of the rigid halves is best done through the familiar flowable Ilallons made of fabric or rubber that stiffen into the 11a110 lls inserted through closable openings who (lcit. If the filled fabric balloon fills the niiiiitltnlialloti full, then the air is out \ Itiniiiiitinlb @ illoit lierausgeprefit, the fabric balloon can be torn and atis that is now gas gcfiilltcii AItiminium balloon through the Linsteig- <itfntittgeli to be removed. The openings echo : in the back of the cells hanging on the floor gcn <le I ', climbing sacks that look like Siletis act and avoid gas leakage. \\ o with internally braced pressure cells, inflation balloons not aiigetvaii (It can be a pure I @ iilltilig iit \ -akuuml> alltms can be achieved from steel. \\ 'o, however, it is important to observe the precise l: raft is not as popular as with larger ships, 1; i111 lifting gas can also be used without special ttlilgell fill the top of the. \ luminittm cover, (Leave it as a lighter gas in the upper envelope of the balloon remains and pushes the heavier air down. which <can flow out through a drain valve. \ ticli which l @ filhing of rigid, air-filled cells offers So kcille lcllwierigl: citen. 11e1 \ 'erwen (lung full of aluminum as a balloon envelope tvar just need to be considered, des "I-ra @ # gases 1> e1 \\ ': irtneeili @ virkting or pressure niiiiiIeruiig not at higher altitudes as usual I @ allonistoff is hlälibar and as a result of the pressure burst 1 <: iiiii, soi 1> e1 failure <ler @iihe of 300t11. For a 1_tift \ erkelir, i.e. left when exploiting In the airspace as the shortest and unobstructed route, however, the traffic below the danger zone of 300 m is sufficient. : \ us (ielitieigby \\ 'ärineis weakened by <read aluminum, since aluminum offers better heat insulation than fabrics made of fabrics. 1) 1e insulation against solar heat can also be increased by a color coating with white. Expansion is only to be feared with fluctuations in temperature. Even if the outside temperature should experience a considerable fluctuation, this fluctuation is not immediately communicated to the entire contents of the balloon, since the outer gas layers isolate the inner ones. However, should gas be lost due to expansion, the loss of load-bearing capacity can be compensated for by releasing ballast as before in the balloon flight; After all, the aluminum shell avoids gas loss through diffusion, the permanent and greatest raffle, so that the journey time would only be limited if gas were lost through expansion.

The absolute gas-tightness of aluminum cells also brings savings of diffusion gas and costs have the cataclysmic advantage of saving \ 1 itnalime and transport of diffusion substitute gas and saving of: taking the appropriate Amounts of compensation ballast, so that the Traggasinenge is reduced so that the ship shrinks to fractions of its previous dimensions. That once The reduction in size achieved brings further savings in tooth strength. Engine power, gasoline weight with it. what savings in mutual increase so important to Nverden that (Schiff read on for fractions of the above fractions shrinks.

Replace the Altiminiumhallon longitudinal and transverse, # vätide, if with the Frame firmly connected, the well-known wire tension and save them, in particular their weight, serve a double purpose as a hallmark cell and wire bracing. : This saving in weight enables me to reduce the size of the ship to lifting gas, to @ rügerkon.strttktion. Engine power. Gasoline weight, again in reciprocal Increase in savings.

For the balloonist, aluminum is water-resistant and indifference to moisture have the advantage that the balloon is not shattered when it rains becomes, with which a special previously customary protective cover for the balloon cells of fabric and weight, in turn, is saved, as is the @litnaliine of ballast for dropping to compensate for the weight of the water obtained. This is how savings are achieved again, again in mutual increase.

From an economic point of view, i. # T considers aluminum to be made for balloon material. It 1:,) stut in Germany 1 () 24 2.24 R \ 1, 1938 1.33 R \ I per l @ ilogram as quoted by the Berliner Metallhörse and is cheaper from year to year due to its large occurrence of 7% of the earth's crust. As a metal, aluminum saves painting costs, as it forms its own protective layer against weathering through oxidation. It has an almost unlimited service life, especially in certain alloys, so that renewal costs are hardly an option. Even if it is damaged, it can be reused by repairing it, and as scrap it retains its metal value.

This is how aluminum proves to be chemically, structurally, and balloon-wise and more economical than balloon material, absolutely gas-tight, kc »convertible, waterproof, cheap.

The rigid aluminum balloon as a balloon cell has the disadvantage that the cell cannot be inflated, as is the case with conventional tissue, when the gas is heated or expanded in height. If, however, the gas expands and not the cell, the gas must flow out and be released through safety valves. If the gas shrinks again as a result of cold or an increase in pressure at depths, the rigid aluminum cell falls into negative pressure, buckles, and the ship no longer has the usual air displacement and carrying capacity, would have to land at the next opportunity or compensate for the loss of gas by throwing ballast. In these cases, a construction would be appropriate that avoids the loss of gas and saves the entrainment of any ballast. It would be desirable to collect the gas when it escapes under positive pressure and use it when increased amounts of gas are required under negative pressure. One such facility is an inflatable balloon. The expansion coefficient of helium and hydrogen is 0.3 at a temperature change of 50 °, i.e. 1/3 of its volume, 1 / s at 25 °, 1/12 at 12 °; The latter temperature fluctuation is to be regarded as an extraordinary one, even with a change of cloud shadow and sun. And even if this external fluctuation should have penetrated the whole balloon and the gas content should have increased by 1 / ß at 25 °, even this 1 / s can be comfortably absorbed by a cell to be kept ready, the inflatable balloon, uni its content the balloon cell or the ship would have to be enlarged. This enlarged cell must automatically take up the stretch and also automatically gel again if the stretch should decrease again when it is cold or deep. the gas should shrink again: because constant observation and regulation of the expansion and shrinkage would make the balloon ride, moreover, as a means of transport, "uncomfortable". This automatic stretching and shrinking is best done, as before, by a balloon made of conventional fabric, by a so-called inflatable selirump balloti. Such balloons can either be connected to each individual balloon cell and then attached in the middle aisle. If the central aisle is not sufficient for larger expansions or should be blocked in a disruptive manner, a single inflatable / shrinkable balloon can be installed. for set up cell use that of course Remaining air cells and interacting with the Outside air must be in prevention, through which the Air with expansion of the inflatable balloons flow out, when they shrink back in can flow. As such an air cell, am best a medium balloon, cla other cells that Ship in their place in case of flatulence or shrinkage would raise or lower fungus: as a middle one The balloon is best used for the cell above the passenger space, as there is also a convenient entry point from here increase is possible if tutoring is necessary that should. The inflatable-shrink balloon made of m <igliclist gas-tight tem substance is determined in the shape and size of the air cell hung at the four upper corners of the cell and with the individual gas cells through connection pipes or through a uniform connection tube with branch pipes, running in the walkway, connected by the stretching and shrinking Gas can flow to and from the inflatable balloon. Every The gas cell is at the mouth of the connec- manure pipes against these by tapping, stopping or other valves of any design for loading may cases, << the filling or damage, lockable. As a result of I'oroeit: it de: Blähl @ allonstotts with an albeit small loss of gas of 7 1 / qm / day is to be expected, this gas loss can be by reducing the square footage of the Reduce inflatable balloons if the mowing-shrinking Half-form balloon made of inflatable and shrinkable cloth and size of the balloon or air cell will. This cloth is so in the middle of the four vertical cell walls attached that it the Cell in two hermetically sealed from each other Dividing cells, a gas cell on top. an air cell below, where the flat sheet is wiped when it is stretched and shrinkage back and forth. old and floating on can, hanging down when the gas expands, filling the air cell, with shrinkage upwards pulled by a counterweight, the gas cell filling, so that for elongation and shrinkage of the Gases a whole cell with a scope their total content despite half a square meter surface of the inflatable balloon fabric remains. The one from the Inflation hallon to leading counter-pull of the counterweight tes of the sheet is with a tubular The bag is connected in a gas-tight manner, in its tubular length of the length of the rising and growing corresponds to the weight. That from the inflatable balloon hanging weight can with its lifting and sinks serve as an inflation scale. Filling and Indicating emptying of the inflatable balloon. This rest of the inflatable balloon, the inflatable cloth, can be in its square meter of tissue Shrink the fabric even more when in the middle of the cloth thin Altunini uni sheet stiffened by struts is used whose area is as large as possible, so be as large as the horizontal cross-section of the cell can. As a movable and porous sheet, then only a band of fabric remains in the width of the echoed the height of the cell and in this width the 1 Enabling the iilirting of the inflatable sheet from the middle to the loden as well as to the ceiling. This expanded sheet hand must be hermetically sealed to the cell wall as well as to the expanded sheet. This device reduces the loss of lifting gas as a result of diffusion through the fabric of the inflatable balloon to a minimum, with the smallest model of .1X X25 m to a loss of around 200 1 / day or 1 cbm in 5 days.

Take care of the failure of this device of the inflatable balloon Safety valves for automatic remedial action against the risk of balloon bursting, Pressure gauges and pressure alarm bells in the driver's cab for: \ nindication to intervene.

\ I fit this l: inriclitting the gas saving by catching the expanded gas and reuse of the captured gas results in the possibility of To stay in the air for weeks without being forced to land due to loss of gas To become tuid t # ay to travel finite winds that do not cost 13etrielisstoff.

Should the ship flee largest, z.13. in order to achieve higher speed in air-diluted k'itimeu, seek out, the number of inflatable balloons is to be increased, in order to increase the load-bearing capacity in air-diluted rooms with the entering To get gas expansion. The \ 'enlargement of the ship makes itself with the increased Speed profitable, especially 1> e1 long distance travel.

So much for, # ltiminiumliallons for largest Aus <lelinungeli (hell, Summer, tropics) the space of a single cell with an inflatable balloon is not sufficient should and further space should not be available, as far as the ship should experience too great a lift from the expanded balloon, can expanded gas through a 11 <11i (1- tiiid \ loti »-gasl> tinipe from your inflatable balloon suction through a connecting pipe and put one on a smaller tree; Pressure balloons appropriate size and pressure resistance according to the law p - "= c compress, from which there is, if necessary, the shrinkage through a drain valve into the same Opening the tube, can be blown off again into the inflatable balloon. The pressure vessel preferably of a cylindrical shape, at any point approximately below the \ lotoretikaliiiie housed, also serves as a tank container for gas, with a corresponding valve accessible from outside. The Koniliressilitätskoefhzient of helium and \\ 'assei-stoffs is o, ooo5.

Such pressure vessels are used in technology for other purposes (I'rel.lluft) already known and are used to store large 1 \ lengen on small rough or for producing a pressure as a power source. Strong tray sheets are used for fetched prints necessary, which leads to a considerable weight of the container, which ini airship construction should be avoided if possible. So if there is a larger amount of dented gas to be stored and these would be in a small container only with high pressure with heavy walls can be stored, the pleasant weight of such a small container thereby avoid that the larger amounts of gas in a large container with low pressure and thin walls distributed lighter weight. So take one Balloon cell 1> e1 at pressure twice its cubic capacity. One cell of t / 24 of the ship's volume would be sufficient to reflect the average extent of the Ship to pick up t / 1_. Such a pressure vessel would have to be of a larger size however, according to the formula of the law of pressure, they also have thick walls and too become difficult, so the strong \\ 'requirements with containers of larger diameter replace with other reinforcements of the walls, such as holding the balloon walls together by means of struts or rings or diagonal connections of wires or rods (similar Bach, \ laschinenelemente, vol. 1, page 48). Unless the wire beacons or rods are soldered to the balloon walls, but the cell walls to be kept tight drill through, the through-holes are sealed by means of double internal holes and external metal plate washers with rubber inserts. the by screw nuts are pressed together. One of the dish washers, the outer or inner one, comes with the parts of the rods and screw pins that pierce the cell walls are gas-tight connected, the sealing of the perforations does not close to the perforations place, but on the surface width and the periphery of the plate washers and the to make flat interlayers dependent.

This facility of sucking gas from the inflatable hall and thus Reduction of the cubic volume of the ship and the carrying capacity and on the other hand releasing gas into the mowing balloon and thus increasing the cubic volume and Increasing the load-bearing capacity of the reeds can be ideally used for lowering and lifting of the ship. for adjustable ascent and landing, furthermore for keeping the ship use a maneuver at the same height and wind direction despite temperature fluctuations up to now in aviation only by dropping ballast or = \ pale from Gas into the open air could be made possible, lvas taking appropriate quantities with you of ballast and exhaust gas made necessary for this maneuver. The establishment of the The gas pump and the pressure balloon also save you having to carry additional ballast and discharge gas for this \ lanö who, which in turn also reduces the dimensions of the Ship could be made smaller, as with saving of the gas diffusion ballast by means of gas-tight aluminum cells.

This device of the pressure balloon also allows the inflation allon to shrink to a small inflatable bag that only functions as a stretch indicator retains to put the gas pump in action and the expanded gas in the pressure vessel forward. The expansion of the inflatable sack can be called mechanical by means of a special device Power can be used to automatically set the pump into action. The inflatable balloon becomes superfluous. Since no »liläliliallon, no Flat sheet or there is no longer any inflatable tape, but only an inflatable bag with a porous area of around 1 square meter Fabric, the gas loss for each model, even the largest, is only ; 1 the day, d. 1i. i cbm in i5o days, which means the possibility of a journey of results in almost unlimited duration.

All balloon cells would finally be constructed as pressure cells let each balloon expand for itself through higher pressure absorbs, i.e. only 1/10 of its cubic content with an average expansion of ioo / o more. The pressure cells would be a little heavier than normal cells to build and increase the weight of the ship, for which pump, pressure vessel and drainage pipes can be saved from the cells with their weight. All cells as pressure cells too However, building is not entirely without risk, as the pressure causes the cells inflate and leak and the ship in an unwanted place could land. Safety valves for appropriate pressure would be avoid the risk of leakage and the resulting permanent loss of gas, because they close again automatically when the pressure is released, during leaks stay open and entail permanent loss of gas.

The installation of the gas pump and the pressure cell also allows through complete emptying of the inflatable balloon to reduce the load capacity so that the Ship weighed down by its own load and anchored by weight, especially against ground winds on landing sites.

Since the aluminum balloons are now made of thin sheet metal, you need they are connected by striving, the entire hull of a solid cohesion, the passenger compartments of a carrier. These requirements are uniform through fulfills a framework. Once again, aluminum is used as the lightest possible material, in all cross-sectional shapes, circle, square, rectangle, triangle, depending on the load of the relevant part, is applicable.

The gas cells lying one behind the other are pushed through the longitudinal tubes held together, because the upper longitudinal tubes act as carriers of the load-bearing capacity, against which the upper walls of the balloons are directed with their entire load-bearing capacity, all other longitudinal tubes as carriers of the load, especially the lower ones, against which directs the total load of the ship with its gravity. Both directions the load capacity and load are held together by cross tube rings, but also through the vertical aluminum balloon walls of the gas cells by means of strength of the aluminum fabric, provided the balloons are firmly connected to the frame, without Connection with the frame, in any case, bearing its own weight for the transverse tubes so just leaving the rest of the load.

The tubes, the frame, receive no more fullness than they have before was common in airship construction because the balloons are made of a special thin fabric In need of protection. The aluminum balloons are not in need of protection and are also strong enough against wind pressure and other physical influences. The end walls of the Ships, which are small in area, can be reinforced against travel pressure by thicker sheet metal will.

When the frame is exposed in this way, it fills with its longitudinal tubes flatter Form in its total area at the same time counteracts the function of a stabilizing surface Rotation of the ship in the longitudinal axis. Air resistance of the longitudinal tubes is not too fear that, although they are exposed, they are facing the direction of travel. Air resistance the cross tubes can be made by special shape. Streamline, be attenuated or through Laying inside the ship, the balloon walls, can be avoided entirely.

The frame that is exposed outside the balloons acts as protection the aluminum balloons against impact. especially when landing. Invest. and can as such directly used \\ - ground. without damaging any part of the Ship would be feared. As a protective frame, it runs in the full cross-section of the ship through to the stern, where the rudder and propeller are located, and thus also forms for them with its end tubes a protection against breakage that occurs in the airship derelict when landing is recorded in the wind as often. Since the frame so all parts of the ship utnotes, the ship offers a smooth on all sides even for inexperienced drivers Landing without risk of breakage.

The rudders are given a length of the full cross-section of the ship and can therefore be built particularly narrow in Nverden. l'üie \ 1 central axis of the tax distributed the control pressure evenly on both halves of the control surface, carries the control pressure alone and relieves the control apparatus. Save the tax within the framework a special control structure that previously had to be built particularly strong, provided that the outer axes of the rudder protrude freely into the air. The rudder inside the hull thus enable a control pressure for the highest demands.

So much for a particularly strong stiffening of the entire cliff body necessary: a should, especially lengthways. can do this by tensioning wires in the longitudinal diagonal or, even better, by firmly connecting the frame to the aluminum balloons can be achieved, both on the side walls against bending of the hull up and down as well as on the pool and floor walls against a bend to the right and left. But since the load capacity and load capacity are uniform over the entire length of the Ship are distributed, such a stiffening of the hull is means Bracing only for the highest demands on the ship, such as trips in storms. Landings on a rough sea. become necessary.

Slightly protruding slide rails, runners or wheels are attached below the frame to protect the lower walls of the balloon against bumps and stones protruding from the earth. Tree stumps to protect by a distance. This device As in the past, there is no need for a special one Suspension, (la with the smallness of the ship the Landing with less excess weight takes place. Z \\ ecks firm anchoring of the ship's bulkhead with your l? rdl) otleti against undercutting ground winds is it necessary to fold the protruding runners build bar. As far as the longitudinal tubes stabilize Formation areas of sufficient width, at the same time fill the purpose of sliding and Schutzachieneti. With the construction of voti balloons made of rigid Fabric (aluminum) resulted in another advantage, that of any practical form of air So 1 »etet the square forte in Cross-section larger cubic capacity, larger load kraft de: ship as the cross section of a circle same ll @ ihc, lprakti # clter ti () ch the quadratic Shape with rounded corners. The fear. 1111, - gl- - s itl , 1 013 original air pressure on the vertical Seiteilwä tide of the square an opposite # -. Tc /; i of: scliiefeii areas of the erratic at @eitctt @@ - indc @ i is not justified. Because the _ingriffsfl <I, # for wind is the same seen from the side, whether circle or () -iadia t same envelope, the oblique I # smiles of the circle reduce chewing the air pressure. But dam is a () square of the same content as a circle lower than the circle, so dali any advantage of the Circle with lateral wind pressure through the smaller HCiIie of the square "is compensated. The Lateral attack surface on the square can still be diminish when you turn the square into a lying one lZecl; teck stretches, which at the same time increases the load capacity and Load can be distributed over a greater width, furthermore the propellers lying on the bleck by the lesser lily and "would run from the roof and the floor get better air supply to the propeller axis; also increases finite to the width of the reeds the width of the cabins. Should the I? Rfalirtuig surrender, (let yourself be within of square or rectangular balloons empty create spaces that with their air and their SMiwer- I <raft look for the lowest point, for example at sloping Position of the ship the right or left side, tvüli- rCilil <read Traggas the highest point, which hurries- opposite side, and so the ship in one <lurking oblique position, then this This eliminated the grievance. that nian for the gas a highest sparks in the middle of the ship forms. by making the laugh with a curve or \ VÜII> ueg designed so that (read gas this looking for the highest point, the middle (pes ship and so consequently keeps it in a horizontal position. in this square or rectangular shape can not be lug and stern well. -% a lot so far common. conical, tapering on all sides, merge, but practically only two-sided like inl \\ 'asscrsclliftlpau. Practically everyone is educated then lie and bleck not more perpendicular, but finite horizontal bow and stern line, since that Ship 1> e1 \ eigting 1111 mount and land otherwise which would meet the 1? rde finite the vertical tip. different but with a horizontal surface. at -, several engines are also next to each other in the rear. while they would have to lie one on top of the other with a vertical stern, which would make operation more difficult.

The square or rectangular cross-section results with this bow and stern formation a rectangular longitudinal section of the ship, from above or below seen, so a practical form for the driver's cab located at the bow and the at the stern driver's cabin, so that an observation of the ship in full Longitude, latitude and hell and a mutual understanding between guide and driver erinöglicllen by signs (i, important when landing. This rectangular cross and Longitudinal section with its straight side walls also allows an unhindered Mooring of the ship with its side walls on high-rise buildings, mountain walls and others Ships of the same shape in the air for transferring or reloading, ballast compensation by exchanging water ballast or by exchanging lifting gas by means of the inflatable or Pressure balloons.

The square or rectangular cross-section has the consequence that the The shape of the ship is not drop-shaped, but parallel to the sides. This shape also corresponds to the air flow, as it does with the chosen shape of the Btigs arises, best and, once overcome, offers no further air resistance more. This parallel forum allows the balloons to be built and in single balloons individually inserted through the stern ring into the frame, practical on ships, who are more frequently exposed to damage and often need balloon replacements. The retractable ones For the following small canopies, balloons contribute to the smooth over the entire circumference Forwarding of the driving current.

[) he square and rectangular cross-section offers the other Advantage of building the cabins into the hull, and in the cheapest way on the deepest putict, on the keel, without thereby affecting the rooms of the cabins, as in the case of the circle struggled to suffer a limitation in their expansion. There are also no forms out of the ship ski> rl> er, which increase the air resistance and the accommodation make it difficult on earth. The ship is given a straight, unobstructed undersurface, the complete touchdown of the ship with the entire subsurface on earth or water and thus a firm anchoring against undercutting ground winds.

The straight surfaces of the keel and the roof can be used as an and output surfaces, for particularly wide models, use them directly as wings. The compression of the air between The earth and the hull act as an elastic buffer against too hard landing.

The square or rectangular cross-section also allows the Attaching the propeller to the stern in a convenient way, as the width of the ship is a wide engine cabin creates. 1) 1st propeller surface can in proportion to the cross-sectional area of the ship, so that the previously valid Speed digits for i25 km / h. at 4 1'S dm cross-section at '/ e ship cross-section on propeller surface corresponding to the propeller handle> -surface enlargement cheaper lie.

When the motors are attached to the stern, the pushing or pulling force of the Propeller on the square cross-sectional area of the hull directly, which is special is advantageous for a sudden stress on the engine.

The construction of the ship can be carried out in several ways which depends on whether the frame is outside the gas cells or inside the same should be, or partially outside, partially inside.

If the frame keeps its seat outside the balloons, it is practical first without finishing the balloons. The longitudinal profiles are attached to wooden frames of the ship's cross-section attached, in the same piece length of the ship or twice the length of the ship formed as brackets, the upper and lower longitudinal tubes from the stern over the roof running around the bow under the keel back to the stern, the side tubes from Stern along one side around the bow and on the other side back to the stern constantly. The longitudinal tubes on the outside preferably have the cross-section profile of a Triangle with rounded corners. The Ouerrö; trc; i are welded together to form a ring, which has the shape of the ship's cross-section; they encompass the longitudinal tubes or lie on their inside. The connection of the longitudinal tubes with the transverse tubes takes place by screws. Socket or welding. The transverse tubes have a cross-sectional profile on the outside one streamline, on the inside at the balloon contact a straight surface, on the other Side a bulge. If the transverse tubes are to cut through the longitudinal tubes, the connection can be made by pushing into holes in the wide longitudinal profiles or by massive cross pieces, which approaches for inserting the longitudinal and transverse tubes have in their cross-section. The cross pieces contain eyelets for pulling diagonal tensioning wires through or cast-in hard metal hooks made of corrosion-free metal for attaching Wire loops. The wires can be tensioned by tensioning threads or by Pliers lever of appropriate construction.

The aluminum balloons are now either in single retractable balloons or built as a single balloon on a wooden frame. As more uniform Whole balloon is recommended to be subdivided into cells to avoid an accumulation of the gas at the bow or stern with the resulting steep incline of the ship and even if the balloon wall is damaged, the loss of lifting gas to the damaged one Restrict single cell; damage to the balloon envelope can never be Result in a crash, but at most a slow decline.

Once the frames and balloons are finished, the individual balloons become or the entire balloon pushed into the frame through the tail ring and prevented from sliding back locked. The balloons can also be built into the aluminum frame. Should frame tension If it is necessary to pierce the aluminum walls, these must be pierced the balloon walls are well sealed, ideally with double plates with sealing washers and screw terminals that hold the piercing parts firmly, gas-tight with one of the plates associate; in this way, sealing takes place through the plate surface and not on the force-loaded ones Pierced parts that could easily move.

If the frame retains its seat partially outside the balloons, will If it is partially moved inwards, the construction is different. Stay the longitudinal tubes outside the balloon walls, the transverse rings are how to avoid them the air and sliding resistance desirable, laid in the inner walls of the balloons, in it best with a square or rectangular cross-sectional profile, so come the balloon walls lie between the longitudinal and transverse tubes and are held by the screw nails, hold the longitudinal and transverse tubes together, pierced. These perforations of the balloon walls are sealed in the manner just described by means of double cup washers. The connection to be made between the frame tubes and the balloon walls is something cumbersome construction, but a solid one because the tubes stiffen the balloon walls, the balloon walls act as wire bracing; it is the construction that will prove itself and will prevail. Here, the building can only be integrated piece by piece of the individual frame and balloon parts.

However, if no frame part retains its seat outside the balloon walls, and the longitudinal tubes are also placed in the gas cells, then also in the same square or rectangular cross-sectional profiles of the transverse rings, the longitudinal tubes penetrate the balloon transverse walls, but without the risk of gas loss, at most with the effect of a gas displacement from cell to cell, which can be avoided or made more difficult even by primitive sealing. Longitudinal and transverse tubes on the inside can intersect at the same height on the balloon walls, then ideally also on the outside with cross pieces; or the longitudinal tubes lie on the balloon walls on the transverse rings within the longitudinal tubes, but are then particularly strongly connected to them, since the transverse rings no longer enclose the load as rings, but hold them together by means of the connection. The best way to reinforce the connection is by means of sleeves. In this construction, the building is only completed when the frame is completed, as above, around which the metal sheets of the cells are laid empty. With this construction it must be considered that with the inner position of the tubes the lifting pressure of the load-bearing capacity acting against the roof walls of the balloons no more counter-pressure of the load of the tubes takes place so that the entire load capacity on the thin Balloon walls rests. The inner layer of the tubes is therefore titir can be used for small, light models, since outside of the balloon walls, there is also no shock protection available, only suitable for water landing by the inner tubes now serve the purpose which act against the lower walls of the balloon - to absorb the water pressure. The metal sheets for the cells can be connect in multiple ways, l <iteti, weld or right- angular edges and with double clamping rails and sealing inserts by means of screw terminals Press together, one for frequent repairs practical construction that can be taken out an l @: iiize # lteileti and insertion of easily made possible. The floors of the common rooms, guide cabin, walkway, passenger areas, engine cabin except by reinforced aluminum sheet also stiffened by cross struts that are attached to the longitudinal r] their to be attached to the floor. The longitudinal tubes are multiplied and strengthens. To give the ship maximum stability, l; are balloons and lZCiliren soldered together. A change in the longitudinal or transverse position of the Ship horizontally through any Circumstances such as wind or weight shift, l: can be obtained through equilibrium devices restore. The best way to do this is to use one of the wrong position opposite weight Takes place best by moving easily Weight takes place like tubes filled with water. The shift in the weight of the water takes place by means of slider plugs, displaceable in the tubes bar. The IZöliren% \ - ground on both sides of the in the The middle of the stopper is half full with water filled; is the plug by Dralitztig, which for Driver's cab run <], but there also on everyone another place ilez ship through finschalteil of I>rehr; iliern can be served, moved, so the water accumulates in the pulling direction linde the IZ @ lire <in and complicates this point @ Weight of the \\ 'water accumulated there. while (his \ Vasser on the other side of the stopper spread over the rest of the Izölire and so that Weight of the other end of the tube and the one there burdened place relieved, creating the desired Weight compensation has occurred. Also can the whole should stop [postpone paying tribute; these I: itiriclittiiig is even more effective, since the overall @ ei @ icüts "; er # chol) eii becomes. and easier, there kleninieii (le 1'frol) fen and the IZölire penetrating I> r <slits to be sealed are missing. l) a \\ 'ater is needed on board anyway, saves nian so other weight for the production of balance. This water equilibrium riilii-e # ii are best placed where the Ship needs a balance of the total load, im \ nshruß to the 1 # operator's cabin in the corridor, to the The same goes for the heavy engines in the Fallrerkahilie ain stern. : [[[become mean tile They lie only in the longitudinal direction of the ship for raising and lowering the bow and stern, but where the ship has a significant width, so with a rectangular cross-section, also in the transverse direction for barking and lowering the right or left side.

This device of the water equilibrium tube can also be used to to change the existing balance of the ship and raise or lower the ship of the bow or stern to go up or down with 1 \ Iotor power, if the Ascent and descent are not made by gas maneuvers using the inflatable pressure hall should or can.

In practice, these water equilibrium tubes also serve as water tanks for use and needs on board, one tube to take with you fresh, a second to absorb the used water. Corresponding valves are in the middle of the Tubes for even removal or distribution from both sides of the valve plug to attach.

For ships with frequent changes in weight, buses in local traffic With frequent changes of people, a change in weight can be made except through the inflatable balloon and pressure balloon with pump also by emptying and filling a water ballast container Balance at the usual landing places in the ship if there is a water tank facility. Provided the load in the air changes, like when changing trains, ensures a \\ 'asserliunipe, Connected to the water tank for weight compensation by pumping water from the weighted into the lightened ship, as well as the gas pump by pumping of gas from your relieved into the weighted ship.

A position of equilibrium in small ships that have no command and control Have a driver's cab and therefore hardly have a shift in weight, can here it is best done automatically, especially since small shafts are so light that they are so light exposed to continued imbalance due to fluctuations in the ship are. So can an automatic balancing device, which is a permanent horizontal and calm position of the ship guaranteed, with a weight pendulum achieve that by striving for a vertical direction as a result of its gravity to earth this inertia transmits to the ship through a rigid connection. The rigid connection of the pendulum to the ship is made by two pendulum arms in Joints on the right and left side of the ship's center, on the pendulum end by a cross bar connected, against shifting of the ship in transverse position and by a wire pull running from the bow over the pendulum end to the stern against shifting of the ship in the longitudinal position. The wire pull serves to pale and retract the pendulum at the same time. A water or petrol tank serves as the pendulum weight, slightly higher than the end of the pendulum. for protection during landings. When the pendulum is drawn in, the weight of the pendulum is below it the free space from the bow or stern, here within the frame protection, if by curvature of the pendulum end inserted accordingly. The pendulum arms can also serve as interception rods during landings, either for ground staff or for automatic safety devices, such as simple horizontal poles, on the ground attached, in which hooks of the pendulum end can catch. Even with large ships such a pendulum device will not be inappropriate, even if the location of the Ship is calmer due to its gravity and its latitude.

The cabins are to save air resistance and thus increased Gasoline consumption built into the hull, from the outside only through the window and doors recognizable. The exterior of the cabin cells is the same as that of the gas cells and as such lie between these as cells for themselves. The installation of the cabins is possible at any point on larger ships, if you have a look> -hair balloons can be inserted at any point. 'Lit their gravity and the gravity of it load, such as people, engines, gasoline. Water, they are on if possible to build in the deepest part of the ship in order to give the ship a pendulum weight due to its gravity admit. Where on wider models the cabins almost touch the roof, albeit installed at the lowest point of the ship, the ship is in equilibrium ensures the width of the ship's surface in its effect as a stabilizing surface. However, the loads are always as even as possible over the entire length and width of the ship to be distributed, resulting in a separation of the guide, passenger and Driver's cab is a desirable convenience, in particular, for other reasons as well with larger fonts.

The driver's cab is practically built into the bow, around the runway to be able to overlook the passenger cabin with its weight in the middle of the ship, here also in the quietest point, the driver's cab at the stern, where the propellers and Motors lie. The propeller and rudder are here within the ship's cross-section and within the extended protective frame so close to the driver's cab that they with their connecting rods and axles run through the engine cabin from there can be operated immediately and repaired while driving. Because helium is not flammable, not even with 15% hydrogen admixture, there is none Danger when placing explosion engines in the draft of any gas flows, how they are to be feared in the direction of the "alirtströnitig". Leave the engines also, instead of in the stern tip, on the stern keel or on the sides of the ship build in more towards the center, but then have to have their driving force through special Devices transferred to the propellers at the tip of the stern, as if by sprocket chains or bevel gear.

All cabins are accessed through a convenient walkway. walking to the bottom of the ship connected to enable mutual visits during the journey and to make the journey a convenience. The walkway is also built into the deepest part of the ship, on the keel; he cuts through all gas cells. the insofar need to get an indentation. The bottom of the Walkway is through with retractable balloons a walkway attached to the Rahrnetikiel formed the floor, the sides and ceilings by a for -people size appropriate in the The bottom of the balloon cells. The walkway can so that the balloons can be pushed in using the indentation of attached walkway handles or railings who use. When building a total balloon can the walkway floor can also be formed, ali ° r can also be soldered to the underside of the balloon, with which he clicks in a draft and was becomes watertight. But he can also use the balloon underwent even without indenting the floor be formed; the side walls and ceiling of the walkway gangs are then made by soldering on a three-wall formed at the top. The walkway can also be used instead of running in the middle, on one or alternating Selnd on the right and left side of the ship walk along where daylight comes through windows could receive; a wide, open corridor through Protected by bars, it would make a veranda. at lateral passage becomes a Durclischneidting the Balloon cells avoided and thus the just described Modified a more difficult construction: gas-lit Walkway. The gas cells only receive one corresponding indentation on the side. The walkway also fulfills other important Ftnii <- tions, affixing small 131: ilil> alloris each Single cell, from egg dough to cells. Pressure gauges, storage of petrol boxes. Water pipes. 13lältlialloiirlilireit, Stcuerdr@ihten.Te- Telephone rallies, baggage finite equal distribution over the length of the ship. The Cabin allocation is subject to a change, than with the smallest models, cabins for guidance and operation of the motor and thus the running can be saved at the entrance, one with the low load due to these sizes considerable weight and Space saving. The observation of the driving field must then through a side mirror or through a Bay windows take place, the operation of the motors by rods or wires, to the passenger cabin constantly. The water pipes, balloon tubes are with these small models on your keel the individual cells to the passenger cabin bz-, v. the above the inflatable balloon cell. the The pressure vessel's gas pump is used at the smallest Models best by using a llandpunipe size larger volume. In the case of rumbling models the passenger cabin to avoid zti large l "e- load a single place on two places Splits. Let the higher numbers of coarse models wide scope for every ge \\ - iinsclite division. In steep positions of the bed, such as in the vertical ascent with -motor power, Nvie at wis- Scientific research is required. is it appropriate. the cabins of the steep position of the ship fes adapt by turning the cabins into a Axis in the manner of an air swing that is always by gravity, each of the adjusting ring hei Ship maintains its horizontal position. The Ka- bine tvir (1 as l.tiftscliatil: el only short in length soaps door grease, tini stings when the ship is sloping stepping out of the bottom of your keel, that's what she can do for it however, their full ship disputes maintained. \ [Alles l: öiiiite the cabin of such steep journeys also as design solid drum within which the human bodies through their own movement Seeks place. which guarantees him the usual position ] is. 1) he 1-staircase of such a finite steep finite climbing ladders are to be provided. For ships that are in air for longer distances thinned (bridle of greater heights increased scitwilliligke: t stitches. niiisseii the cabins air pressure be built densely. uni the chemical combination to master the air and the external pressure which is produced by pressure systems in the interior of the to increase hinen. The cabins become double @@ ': üt (1c with @' crstmliun @@ sgeril> pc keep tnuss. also ati: appropriate for other purposes. The one with it eitretest (le llehrhelastuitg and enlargement of the Schifies is due to the increased speed des, Schifies compensated. For this lye section Hüe @@ - cr (lett anyway stubborn ships gröl.iereil l'lafaugs iii V rage lcotilinen. at ( lead hurriedly more burdensome no big deal. 1) Ic gas-tight aluminum cells can also be used as waterproof swimming cells during water landing Verwcii (len. Zti must take into account that with Placing the ship on water is not an option nicii as when touching the ground, the load of the ship fes carries, more solidly, the thin. @ aluminum walls (le des hiell) o (1ells, and dall) the t) 1-t1CI <regest this thinnest 13a110, ltleche requires special stiffening. The advantage here is that 3 the pressure is not great, (la (read Schift mostly niit wetiigeti kilogram C1) gc \\ iclit we land ('. So the draft is extreme low, depending on the heavyweight, but distributed and on ef wipe (Itti'Cli the entire surface of the keel ground almost irrelevant: the airship can therefore land on fi'e'l shallowest get \: isserii. 1) the air traffic tax. (read water touching. can be used as a water stand, (read lower Steering @ le finit et @ \: ts enlarged fin. For the I # all, (measure by atn kielloden- liche 1_ecke or through the connection points of the 13alli> sil @ lecl) e water should penetrate, l: iltt (read water finitely through the I = itlstei @@ s: icke guided slots from the gas pump out zellcii and t \ ficht how (ler create. Also equipped as a water ship. 1 »etet (read Schift Uahrtun ü (-i- sea without danger and with it a connection v (»i continent to continent. is a hcl; annter disadvantage of aviation. (lall (read ship finite your consumption of gasoline for Engines and the associated weight) - nalinic egg is buoyant. who in a different way balanced tverden inttl3. As a balancing agent have been used so far: . \ pale from lifting gas, one that makes the journey more expensive 11alhialine, the also corresponding - [narrow bearing gas. Gas space and @chilfsgrül @ e required; Cruises with the tip of the ship tilted downwards for the purpose of suppressing the buoyancy by means of de: pressure of the ship's thing, whereby all the speed suffers: Ballast extraction of water while driving as a counterbalance for the gasoline the exhaust gases of the engines, which is an Requires permanent establishment. It has also been proposed as a fuel To use gas with the same weight as air. the, so that with its consumption neither a Importantly, weight gain is approaching and at the same time thanks to the weight of petrol saved Airship doing so becomes so much easier. But a 13e The invoice already shows in the lump sum that this one Proposal to use motive gas of air weight the, with the previous Luftskliifigröl.) s immense Quantities of gas would require and the previous ones _ \ usmalie der 1_uftschifie increase into gigantic proportions would have to. cla the driving gas quantities corresponding gas need space. If, on the other hand, a gas is used as the motive gas lighter than air, e.g. B. luminous gas or the like Gas mixture, and a C51 heavier than air than changeable fuels, namely in one ratio, to which the motive gas volume stung the oil amount carries, z. B. luminous gas in the ratio of 5 cbm of luminous gas to 3 kg of gasoline is obtained Balance of fuels, the result neither a weight loss nor a weight increase of the airship brings with it. So will an involuntary buoyancy as a result of one-sided behavior interest consumption avoided when the engines alternately fed with petrol and coal gas den, finite (learn further advantage of extended 13etriel) s- (lauer, like a calculation based on the model size S yy 58 in may set out: A balloon cell of that 'model of 4c) 8, round 5oo chni, filled with luminous gas, would be at his specific ", weight full 0.d 300 kg of gasoline carry. The: Engines with a total of 25o HP would be or 25 kg / hour Gasoline consumption per HP 6 = .5 kg / hour Petrol with a reserve of 3001: g of petrol around 5 hours can be fed and at 0-4 7 cl) nl / Hrs. Leticlitgasverl) i-aticli per PS with i 17., 5 cbm / h. Luminous gas with a supply of soo chnl luminous gas 4 "/ 1 hour can be fed; that would a travel time finite engine power of around to hours the result and a distance of 2,000 km l; ei an hourly speed full 2ool: m while the same balloon cell with 500 cbm incombustible Helite carrying gas and a load capacity of 5o01: g l3en-r_iu hui 62.5 l: r! Std. Gasoline a trip time of only 8 hours and a distance of only i (3oo kin suffered, moreover with a loss of 5oo cbm jtelium gas to be released, unless this is in Pressure balloons could be caught. Changeable fuels lighter and heavier than air bring the further advantage. that (read Schift about the weight being lighter than gasoline weight has been replaced by gas fuel, such as another comparative calculation "may show. 500 in helium carry 500: g gasoline, 500 clnn 1-euchtgas only 300 kg of gasoline, the traction is reduced by 200 kg, but on the other hand 200 kg of gasoline has also been omitted, and still replaced with the same amount of power by illuminating gas. The ship has thus become 200 kg lighter without any loss of motive power. This weight saving of _oo kg results in more weight savings, support construction for Zoo kg, engine power, its amount of fuel, its amount of lifting gas, scope, savings that are considerable in mutual increase, as already described in detail elsewhere in the case of savings.

This facility of changeable fuels from lighter and heavier at the same time it can be used as air as a result of the reduction in weight which occurs in one way or another with gasoline consumption and, as a result of the loss of carrying capacity, with carrying gas incense to raise and lower the ship, to climb and land during this - Maneuver with a gas the weight of air is not feasible, but continues on ballast and gas bubbles dependent lead with all the disadvantages of the resulting dimensions of the ships.

The mounting of the Triehgashallons is despite its consumption as Propulsion gas and at the same time a reduction as a lifting gas with the result of reduced carrying capacity this part of the ship in the vicinity of the engine cabin at the stern, as desirable, possible, albeit the corresponding: amount of counterweight gasoline housed in the same place and is alternately consumed, as such a balancing of this part of the ship remains guaranteed. Should all for certain reasons, the use of predominantly If gas or predominantly gasoline is desirable, the installation of the gas balloon is desirable and the fuel tank in the middle of the ship is advisable, as here in the middle of the Ship a buoyancy or downforce due to consumption of fuel easier hzw. heavier than air does not take hold of a part of the ship, but spreads over the Length (res distributed throughout the ship. On the other hand, the upward or downward force can be changed use part of the ship to raise or lower the rig or the stern, a maneuver, (read also with the sliding equal weight devices: clitungen accomplish is. Consumption is used to lift the entire ship, for example when ascending of gasoline, to decrease the consumption of gas. a maneuver that is also carried out by the High pressure balloon can be accomplished by means of gas decrease and gas increase.

The propellant gas is fed to the engine by means of overpressure on the best by means of a device like the inflatable hallon and inflatable lech, only (measure (read the counterweight of the @ iählilech, which generates liver pressure, increased to the extent will. a !: the gas pressure is desired, like with a gasometer.

The risk of engine ignitions flashing back into the gas balloon can be avoided by using non-return valves in the supply pipes. avoid gates. In principle l; estelleii these valves from a facility that these valves under > `` driving gas under pressure due to its pressure allow themselves to open automatically, possibly with a slight increased spring pressure, when the return but the impact pressure is closed by its pressure before the non-return ignition opens the valve has enough. Should a setback nevertheless occur Triehgashallon ignite, exists No risk of falling, provided the ship is in the rest is filled with incombustible helium; when the propellant gas burns, the ship loses only a fraction of its carrying capacity, a lust that is released by shedding your a sufficient weight of gasoline. can. The combustion of the propellant gas in the tank container This can also be prevented <oops separation of the Gases can only be mixed together, such as luminous gas, Consists of 0.485 parts hydrogen, 0.078 carbon leilnonoxv (l, 0.027 nitrogen, 0.003 oxygen, 0.02o carbonic acid, o.3; o methane. 0.04.3 ethylene. The mixture then only takes place in a special ren small container in front of your engine like the Gasoline carburetor. A setback in the mix container would be insignificant because of its small size and harmless. It's just awkward. (read Mi- to achieve the ratio, for example by (learning proportion of the gas contribution as a percentage Measuring container. which are at the same time pump containers that at suitable time intervals. which in a cogwheel triehwerl: are calculated with the wheel circumference. the gas in the amount of the drain pump container from the individual Aspirate the tanks and place them in the mixing tank press. The pumps have two valves, self- actively acting, an inlet valve at the entrance of the Pump yourself up when you start using the suction automatic open and active gas in the Letting the punipe holder, the glue squeezing out the Gas closing due to the pressure, and an outlet valve to squeeze out the gas from the pump tank by the pressing pressure opening, at the = lusugen new.- contents (for the Suction effect close (l. 1 ) eic142, valves close even if there is a kickback pressure and thus act at the same time as an IZiicl <sclilagvetitile. The mixing tank is also below Overpressure, which is best with its small size Spring pressure is generated on a plug plate, squeezing out the contents, following a new feed giving. Good mix could be replaced by an im -Mix container rotating propeller achieved or by a propeller motor, including a Weak-current motor is sufficient to operate outside of the scl, u; igsl>eli; ilters. Between the engine and the fuels (.as and C51. Gas mixture tank and gasoline carburetor, we (- switched on a shuttle valve. (read through its C) openings in the valve axis the gas supply pipe of the engine with the pipe of the gas mixed supplier and with the tube to the gasoline carburetor connects or interrupts. 'e after rotation the valve axis, Lind in the way. d11.- at Connecting the cii; cii Zuftilir the other supply is interrupted. or that both feeds bound or beitk Zuftiliren are tinterbroclien. That \\ - echsel \ -entil can be pulled by a wire \ -on the Filirerkaliiiie are served from. If the glass is open, it has two or no motors Itat. can c; e «iclitsati:, leicli between light tind heavy fuel can also be achieved in this way. that one engine runs on gas, the other on gasoline is fed. The besclirieberie model can vary from the size -1 X 4 X - @ build in downwards, across 12 X 12 X 88 in no longer profitable. The following reclinuiigeti of the model 8 X 8 X 58 m show im L "liei-sclilag the minimum dimensions of the all-metal small lift ship: 7 gas cells made of aluminum sheet with a weight of 0.4 kg / sqm i Btigb; ill0ti 8 x 8 x 8 m, 2 transverse walls, walkway walls .... . . . . ...... 3c6 cbm 1481.9 4 central balloons 8 x 8 x 8 m, 3 transverse walls, long corridor walls. .... ...... 498 cbm 187 kg 498 cbm 187 kg 498 cbm 187 kg 498 cbm 187 kg t Inflatable balloon 8 x 8, y 6 m with inflatable sheet 7'X 7 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 cbm 144 kg i corner balloon 8 x 8 x 8 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 cbm 154 kg 3 living cells made of aluminum sheet with a weight of 1.2 kg / sqm i Driver's cab 8 -: = -: 2 m ............................. ........... .. ...... 76 kg i guest cabin 8. # 8 @ 2 m, 3 bedrooms, 1 living room, kitchen, hallway. . . . . . . . . . . 292 kg i Driver's cab 8 x 2 x 2 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 96 kg i Frame made of aluminum profiles weighing 0.3 kg, m. . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . 575 kg 2 motors each 120 HP for 200 kni; Hrs. 62.5 kg ,. 'Hrs. Gasoline consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 kg Gasoline for; Hours and 1.1 <i0 km .............. I. . I .................. .... 400 kg 8 people ................................................ .......... .... 60o kg Water................................................. ....... ........... 81 kg (; esanittr;) gkr @ ift in helium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ....... .. 3o29 cbm 3439 kg The (@ csamtge @ e-icht des Sliittes @ -crritigert itself nticli, if the here in separate parts calculated ballotes to form a total balloon niengefiigt \\ - earth. 1? S is then omitted for each ball lon dtircli immediate attachment to the benacli- barteii 13allciti a partition in weight \ -on 2, # kg. with 4 'center balloons, i bow balloon and i stern hallon 0 Zi @ ischete @@: inde ini total weight "-on t so kg. If the figures shown only show the minimum amount of the ultimate possible weight saving, the figures for a more solid structure, finitely thicker sheet metal and frame parts, should not increase significantly; even with a substantial increase, the dimensions remain far behind the previous 2 ate.

The square models have the following: Dimensions: 4 - 4x, 25 m 316 cbm 350 kg 2 pers. 64 PS Zoo km / h 350o DM 6 x 6 @ 44m 1340 cbm 1: 187 kg 4 pers. 144 HP 20o km / h 75oo DM 8 f 8 x 58 in 3 099 cbm 34 391.9 8 pers. 250 PS Zoo km / h 15,000 DM 1o x in `: 73 n1 6c28 cbm 6o91 kg 16 pers. 400 PS Zoo km / h 30,000 DM 12 x 12 Y 88 m 10578 cbm 11741 kg 32 pers. 576 PS Zoo km / h 60,000 DM The intermediate sizes can be estimated in intermediate numbers. The squares stretched into rectangles give the following ': Dimensions: 2x 7x25m 1 3x 5X25m 5x 7x44m 3x12X44m as above, (as above, f> x 10 x 58 mi with minor deviations. 4 x 16 x 58 m with minor deviations. 8X12x73m I 5x20X73m fei # 14188m ) 2488m The mentioned numbers can be found within the General advice as required and desired : 0idern, e.g. H. erliiilite number of people - less Gasoline weight, weaker engines - better cabin equipment.

Despite the construction of all parts of the ship from 1tetall, the dimensions remain far behind the previously known dimensions of airships, although they have the same payload, as a comparison of the present model for 32 people with a zeppelin for 30 people shows: 27 x 27 x 200 m 7000o cbm 2000 HP 50o kg / h. Petrol 125 hours; km 2,000,000 DM i2 x i2 x 88m 10y8 cbm 576 HP 144 kg / hour Petrol 200 hours; km 50,000 DM This amazing difference of 1/2 diameter, 1 / _ length, 1/7 cubic capacity, 1 / a gas consumption, double the speed and 1 / a0 construction costs is due to improvements, especially weight savings, as outlined in this work. Balloons that are not absolutely gas-tight have to reckon with gas loss through diffusion, so it is necessary to carry ballast for dropping and to compensate for the loss of carrying capacity, thus increasing the amount of lifting gas for the ballast, thus necessary enlargement of the gas space and hull, thus reinforcing the frame, thus reinforcing the Engines, with it increased gasoline load, with increased gas volume, increased gas loss, increased ballast, thus further enlargement of the hull and so on, the more the longer the voyage and thus the loss of gas, until an extent grew that, due to its volume, resulted in: iris sayings was up to a long-distance journey.

On the other hand, the elimination of the gas loss resulted in an omission the compensation ballast; this reduced the amount of lifting gas for ballast, the The ship became smaller, the frame lighter, the engines weaker, the amount of gasoline lower, the load and thus the amount of lifting gas lower, the ship became again smaller, the frame lighter and so on, until the minimum calculation resulted, which is nothing more than the comparison of the most necessary weight and the knows the necessary amount of lifting gas. In addition, the following additional weight savings were made: Ballast for the purpose of counterbalancing in damp weather, damp balloon, ballast for lifting the ship, replaced by an inflatable balloon, a combination of several Split into a multi-purpose balloon, gasoline weight by compensating for the propulsion gas for gas-01 engine, ballast for lifting the ship, replaced by gasoline consumption instead of gas.

The small size of the ship achieved in this way had other advantages result, such as saving complicated frame construction with large dimensions under consideration static and dynamic laws, elimination of difficulties with metal expansion in the case of large dimensions, the possibility of building gas-tight aluminum balloons as a result of unpleasant ones Metal expansion. One advantage increased the other up to the difference in numbers shown previous and current construction.

A look back at what was said about aluminum balloons, inflatable balloons, Pressure balloons, frame, shape, construction, equilibrium devices, cabins, Water ship, gas-Ü1-I @ IOtor, numbers shows, <leave all the difficulties of a balloon ride are taken into account, and that the solutions created a means of transport, to whom the future belongs. Even if the purchase price, which is in series Manufacturing can be dimensioned lower, is expensive in comparison with the earth car, so will the extra expense made up for by cheaper operating costs. The air car sets the Paths as the crow flies back the shortest distance at a speed of 200 lkin / hour, for which the earth car needs a multiple of time and fuel, as far as the journey goes in the wind direction, by looking for the desired wind direction Almost always possible at different heights, the journey is free. It is omitted the other costs of the earth car, such as consumption of tires, wear and tear due to shedding, Car road tax etc.

Traveling in an air car also offers great advantages, from all places to all places, from the village meadow to the town square, even where there is no landing possibility for airplanes, so it can be used as an ambulance and ambulance car. across land and sea, from continent to continent, in one comfort: weekend cottage, dust-free, safe, quiet, timeless. in full enjoyment of the beauty of, fummels and the earth. The ship from Ilelium and Altiminiuni rightly deserves its name, a heavenly call Helalu.

In the drawing, a: @ embodiment of the invention is shown in sketches, namely A. Individual balloons: t Bughallon, seen from the side, with a driver's cab, 2 bow balloon, seen from the front, with a driver's cab, 3 central balloon, seen from the side, with a passenger cabin and inflatable balloon , .I rear balloon, seen from the rear, with driver's cab, 5 rear balloon, seen from the side, with driver's cab; B. Floor plan: a driver's cabin, b passenger cabin, c driver's cabin, d walkway; C. Frame: g longitudinal tubes, seen from above or below, la transverse rings, seen from above or below; D. Airship: general view, seen from the side.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Rigid airship, characterized in that, from a chemical point of view, aluminum gives off an absolutely gas-tight balloon envelope, since the carrier gases of helicopter and hydrogen do not penetrate aluminum even at high temperatures and high pressure and do not attack aluminum when in contact with one another (@as <liclitigkeit the taking along is sufficient 11igen replacement gas is spared what the The giant dimensions of the airships on dwarfs reduced. 2. I-tlftsclliff llacll claim i, characterized in that keiiiizeiclitiet, that technically absolute gas-tight kUit (ler \ erllill @ lull @> a @ ° 11en (1c1 'aluminum bleclie than gas cells is obtained by ball in contrast to 1 »steely constructions of \ 1 (#tallsclititzliiilleti made of many small metal sheets force; the treatment of the dropping forms of the I) s- lierigelf airship body the square, par- allele ulld just I # orin lies current I_tiftsclii, 't- kürl> crs (lie @ 'erwen <mentation of straight lines and intt arbitrarily large 111 ('(11e11 permitted, soR-eit the Ilrcite from \\ alzpresseii ranges. so (lall the ball 1 () iiliiillcti from just a few sheet elf like one I @ imserven <l (lse composed and the welli- geli barriers welded, soldered or be folded with I) iclrtutsc # inlagcll 1 «ititieti. 3. Airship according to claim i and 2, there- characterized by, dal.i aluminum (fur scilro \\ - asserfcstigl: eit against moisture and IZegcn makes the lallolllliille heavier than the biscuit balloon envelopes made of fabric, \\ () init: I the throw v () ti ballast u11 (1 the co- nline of EU-speaking quantities unnecessary and '11';lggast'alllll for (read ballast weight saved wil- (1. what zti another downsizing the l.tlftsclltfl; (11'per leads. q. Airship according to claims i to 3, characterized gekeniizeiclinet. (lal.i when filling the rigid, finite l.ttft filled Altuniniutnhallons iliit carrying gas hurried mixture of the balloons liclieii air with (learn the lifting gas to be filled by means of which it is avoided that in the aluminum balloons Filling balloons made of threadable fabric in the corresponding form of: \ luminitimballons Egg-laid \\ - ground, like l) Icelandic fabric balloons filled, torn after filling and (furch Siletise openings from the aluminum balloons removed. 3. Airship according to claim i to 1. characterized gel; etlnzeiclinet, (let the #, clileuseii to the alti- niiilitinillallons formed by ice sacs are. all of the inside of the balloon openings aii whose periphery is attached in a gas-tight manner and finite (lttenern l? tide lie on the balloon ball, after opening the balloon doors a allowing sclllüpfell. H. Airship flat claim i to 3, characterized marked, (let the vertical Aluniinium @ \ linde the ßallotizellen the function vain Wire bracing and load bearing take what at least (read dead weight the f oallons carried and the frame as a load triiger relieved and colist construction important is saved. ;. Airship flat claim i to 6, characterized #ekenitzeicliuet that: Vuminittm from the economic liclien point of view due to its equity, its large occurrence and its almost un- limited durability, the balloon fabric gives. the one balloon ride economically profitable lnaclite. R. Airship according to claim 1 to 7, characterized characterized that the indelictability of the star- ren Altiniinitimballrnis by gas expansion Allschlielaen of flat halloris from gas - # vellen all the _ @ luniiniutllgas cells ini central "all" is replaced, which means that the diffusion becomes full (read only on the balloon and only for the Case of expansion limited. c. Airship according to claims i to 8, characterized marked, (let the inflatable balloons do that Gas freely flowing through gas expansion and for further use Save backscripts, with which the l1) al- lonfahrt as a means of transport becomes profitable and Trips of almost unlimited duration are possible will. to. Airship according to claims i to 9, characterized marked that for larger expansions instead of many small balloons in the middle aisle uniform inflatable balloon the size of a fully is housed in a gas cell, which air cell and with openings to the outside ltlit is provided, through which the air at deli There was tension and shrinkage in it Inflatable hallons can flow in and out; the Ballon-ins nl ("gllcllst gas-tight material in The shape and size of the cell will be <in several Place the cell ceiling and with the individual gas cells of the ship by connecting tubes or by a uniform connection 1> iu (iutigsrölire with branch pipes to the cell len, running in the corridor, connected through the Gas when stretching and shrinking from and flows to the inflatable balloon; the mouths of the Tubes in the individual cells are (furch Flaps, plugs or other valves lockable. 1 t. Airship according to claim i to io, there- of Gas loss full 7 1 per day and square meter due to the porosity of an inflatable balloon Square meter area of the inflatable balloon that is reduced in place of the inflatable balloon an inflatable sheet in half the shape and size of the Cell occurs. (read by fastening in the middle of the four vertical cell walls divide the cell into two hermetically sealed cells divides, vain gas cell above, vain air cell below, z-, vischen which (read the cloth float down and up, pressed down when expanding, the air cell filling, when shrinking upwards pulled by a counterweight, the gas cell filling in. 12. Airship according to claim i to ii, there- characterized by the fact that for further Reduction of the square area porous Balloon fabric thin. stiffened by struts Aluminum sheet is used, its area can be almost as big as the horizontal one Cross-section of the cell, so as to be movable Mowing cloth, as a connection between the cell wall and Blählilecli and hermetic seal only a wide strip of inflatable tape remains, des; eti The width of half the cell height of Baffle from the middle of the cell from down to the floor and up to the ceiling light by which device the gas sion loss of the inflatable balloon material hurries mini nitun is reduced. 1 3. Airship according to claim i 1> 1s 12 . characterized by that a failure 1> 1 balloon device and a risk of Bursting of the stretched aluminum hallc »Is through pressure-relieving safety valves lind Pressure gauge is avoided. 14. Airship according to claim i to 13, there- characterized in that for greatest expansion titittgen. Heat and altitude. expanded gas by means of a hand or motorized gas pipe. the practical is housed in the engine compartment from which Inflate balloon through a connecting tube sucked and appropriately placed in a pressure balloon. of sufficient size or sufficient print at any point on the ship. brought. in a smaller space is pressed from your it when necessary into the Inflatable balloon through a discharge valve into the same Connection tube opening out, blown off again x \ can ground. i_3. Airship according to claim i to id, there- characterized in that the pressure vessel as Tank container for gas is used and the valve for receiving gas is provided. i6. - Airship according to claims i to i_5, there- characterized in that the device of the Extraction of gas and the possible with it Reduction of the cubic volume and the carrying capability of the ship, as well as the facility the blowing off of gas and the possible Increase in the cubic capacity of the ship (read Lowering and lifting of the ship as well as the maintenance of the ship in the same fleas despite .Atpressure fluctuations or weight loss Changes from the ship without loss of gas or can regulate ballast loss, with which the Bring appropriate quantities \ Tatiüvrier- gases and ballast is spared what the 'dimensions of the ship downsized. 17. Airship according to claim i Isis 16. There- marked by. that these doctrines Reduction of the inflatable balloon to a small one Enables inflatable bag, which only has the function a pressure vessel indicator met to the Gas pump to dissipate the expansion pressure put into action in the pressure vessel. 18. Airship according to claim i to 17, there- marked by. that the elongation of the Inflatable bag is used as a mechanical force. the pump to the pressure vessel is in operation set. ig. Airship according to claims i to 18, there- characterized in that all balloons as Pressure balloons are built that own Expansion with its own increased pressure take, therefore in the 13alionwün <len Wires or Streheti: teit and all \ elsen; establishment,?. like 1> l: iltltallons. i'ta,? lx. I..ucl; l: a.ont. cinil3arct? d. 2o. Airship according to claim i to io, there- by geketttizeichitet. <1.11.i the complete design emptying of the I31: il? ltalloi? s by Fiillui; g des 1) rucl; ltallons clic Tra <g'iält.gl; eit des `. #, 'TiY @@ s der- kind decreased. dal anchoring the Schifte: with its intrinsic gravity s, is possible. 21. I_uftscl? Ift nacl? Claim t up to 20, marked by that the frame tubes aulaerltallt der .Xltit ?? ittitimltallotts ol? ite heson- ._l_re sclititzl? ii! le exposed as a protective frame used against impact during landing or mooring could be. ol? iie dal.i the touched or Damage to any part of the ship: to be handled would be afraid. 22. Ltifticl? Ift nacl? Claim t to 21, marked by, (leave the frame up to Heck in its full () tterscl? Nittsclurclitnesser continuously the inside of the cross-section on Stern mounted stanchions and propellers protects and at the same time acts as a steering and propeller scaffolding serves. 23. Airship according to claims i to 22, that durc @ gekcnnzeichnrt. dal.i exposed IZal? men- longitudinally with surface profile in their overall surface as a stabilization surface against rotation of the ship act in its longitudinal axis. 2d. Airship according to claim i to 23. marked by, (let the frame tubes be connected by 'diagonal tensioning wires or as a replacement for wires through the sheets the aluminum balloons. 2 ;. I_ttfticl? Ift ttaclt: \ itsltruclt i 1> 1s 24, that- characterized by, (let on the sliding rails acting longitudinal tubes the aluminum ininitimltallons individually or as a whole the tail ring of the lower section diameter and can be pushed out and something like that quick replacement or another division allow. 26. Airship according to claims i to 25, there- marked by. <all the ral? ine tubes on the roof and floor are reinforced, as far as they have carried the load weight and strength are. what the others are less interested in burdened can be weakened. 27. I_tiftschiff according to claim i to 26, there- marked by, (let the frame bottom with protruding runners. Rails or wheels is provided that is retractable or foldable are also a touchdown test of the ship's bottom to allow on flat surfaces. 28. Airship according to claim i to 27, there- marked by. (leave under deviation from the previously usual circular shape of the transverse cut the square shape smaller Diameter and cubic volume greater than that Circle offers. 2c). T.uftichiff according to claim t to 28, there- characterized by, d, 113 the extension of the () ti: ulrat <Itiursclitiittes in a lying rectangle any preite the: \ iigriffsHäclie for side wind on the vertical balloon sidewalls reduced, the load capacity and load on one wider l @ lüclie distributed and the base for widening of the office. 3o. 1_uftschiff according to claim i to 29, there- dtircli marked that the floor areas of the Air cleaner body that is rectangular in shape are straight, as wings or up and down trielisflüclicn with engine power or with winches, when landing as an elastic buffer due to the Pressing the air layer between the earth and Luftichiffkörl> cr act. 31. Airship according to claim t to 30, there- by gekcniizeiclitiet that the roof surfaces of the Balloon cells and thus the airship body in the middle are raised by a bulge, around any air bubbles that may develop in one edge the balloons and the accumulation of gas in the opposite edge with resulting- @clticflage render the vessel Tnit an up driving force in a highest point of the ship make fes ineffective zti. 32. L.ttftscliiff according to claims i to 31, that characterized by that under deviation from the usual cone shape of Bug and (lick the bottom and laugh of the hull only two-sided like a horizontal bow of a ship and stern are brought together, while rend the frame at the rear of its cross-sectional shape to the last tail ring and so as Protective frame also for rudder and propellers serves. 33. Airship stood out from claims 1 to 32, since characterized by the fact that a rectangular longitudinal section of the ship with its in full casualness from bow to stern straight running sidewalls observing the full length of the ship at the bow and stern lying driver's and driver's cabs, in particular especially when landing or berthing, lichen. 34. Airship according to claims i to 33, there- characterized in that the vertical Scitcii walls of the ship a sideways lay-on des scliities finite its sidewalls and Seitentiis-e-ii on 1-Iocliliäusersi, mountain walls and other ships of the same design in the air to the unisteigen or reload test. 35. Airship according to claims i to 34, there- characterized in that the parallel running \\ -; üi: lt ° ilcs Scliiffsl: ürl>; rs the construction of the balloons in single balloons and changing the bal- lous at l »escli <icligtitig or to other management by sliding it in and out through the Allow stretching ring. 36. 1_tiftschiff according to claims i to 35, there- by gcl: denotes that the rectangular one () animal clinic of the hull with its ge rad <n lower surface the installation of the cabins on deepest i'mict of the z- # cliiffi-listener, namely olisie @lcscltr: ittkung in _ \ tts <lelittuitg within des @ chittsh @ irl @ ers. allowed, with which Luftwid, r- stand and gasoline is saved. 37. Airship according to claims i to 36, there- characterized in that the straight lower flüclie des Scii; t-fes a touchdown of the full Boat bottom area permitted on the anchorage and so no target for darttitre-wide fending winds offers. 3 @ `. Airship according to claim i to 37, there- <Itircli gel; ennzeiclmet. that the side members of l ', ti "to stern can be formed from one piece kütisieti. 39. Airship according to claims i to 38, there- marked by. that the @ ängitr @ iger from Roof and clearing, the right and left side from one piece like a bracket in the form of the Roof or side view of the ship formed "-earth. 4o. Airship according to claims i to 39, there- characterized in that the nuertriiger than Rings in front of the cross section of the ship are formed from eitieni pieces, the l <ings- trii "er comprehensively. 41. Airship according to claims i to 4o. there- characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse carriers cross each other and the resultant the shorter pieces by cast, massive ones Cross pieces with attachments for tubes in the form of the inner cross-section of the pipe are connected, by screwing, pushing in and riveting, Soldering or welding. 42. Airship according to claims i to 41, there- characterized in that the longitudinal beams outside, the cross members inside the balloon walls, both with screw pins Screw nuts connected to the cell pierce walls. 43. Airship according to claims i to 42, there- characterized in that the perforations Balloon walls through double surfaces, such as benches, plates, rails with sealing inserts and pressing together by means of screw pins be sealed with nuts, one of the washers ben with all piercing parts gas-tight, firmly, solidly connected. 44. Airship according to claims i to 43, there- marked by. that longitudinal and transverse tr: iger intierlialli of the balloons crossing each other lie. 4. Airship according to claim i to 44. there- characterized by, elaß longitudinal and transverse carriers lie within the balloon wound that Longitudinal beams lying against the balloon walls, the Cross members as inner rings and then with the Longitudinal beams are particularly strongly connected. 46. Airship according to claims i to 45, there- characterized in that the connection of Longitudinal and cross members if not through Kreuzitiicl; e, so by sleeves. Soldering or Welding takes place. 47. Airship according to claims i to 46, there- by geketttizeicluiet that the cross pieces eyelets for pulling wires through or cast Have double-sided hooks with crossbars against tearing out of corrosion-free metal for hooking in the tension wires, which are tensioned by means of screw threads or pincer levers. .1R. Airship according to Claims 1 to 47, characterized in that gas-tight connection points of the thin balloon sheets are achieved not only by soldering or welding but also by right-angled edges and pressing the folded edges together by means of double clamping rails that can be screwed together. 49. Airship according to claim 1 to .48, characterized in that gas-tight connection points of gas pipes with one another or with metal sheets are achieved by screwable clamping rings. 5o. Airship according to Claims 1 to 49, characterized in that clamping rails and Klenlin rings also serve as protection for the thin sheet metal walls in openings, doors, windows, flaps. ; i. Airship according to Claims 1 to 5o, characterized in that areas of the ship that are walked on are given special reinforcements on the frame by increased girders and struts. 52. Airship according to claim i to 51, characterized in that the carrier tubes and balloon sheet metal walls are soldered, welded or clamped together, whereby the ship constructed in minimum weight receives an extraordinary strength even for the highest loads. 53. Airship according to claim 1 to; 2. characterized in that for the purpose of creating a changed equilibrium and z «-gon change of the equilibrium for up and down travel with engine power, a displaceable weight is formed by water in tubes, which is half filled by a slide plug with wire pull to the desired place with load The airship according to claims 1 to 53, characterized in that the water pipe itself is slidable, running on rollers or provided with handles for carrying. 55. Airship according to claims 1 to 5.1, characterized in that the water equilibrium tubes also serve as water tanks for water requirements on board, with two tubes one for fresh and one for used water of the weight in the corridor running to the verse at each point shifting the balance when walking on the walkway. 57. Airship according to claim i to 56, characterized in that a two-armed pendulum with weight at the end of the pendulum transmits its inertia and gravity to the ship through a rigid connection. 58. Airship according to claim i to 57, characterized in that the rigid connection of the pendulum with the ship by two rigid arms in joints on the right and left side of the ship's center, ain pendulum end connected with nuerstange in the ship's width, against shifting the balance in bank position is achieved, and by a wire pull from bow to stern over the pendulum end running against displacement in the longitudinal position, the wire pull also serves to lower and retract the pendulum, pulling the pendulum weight into the free space under the stern tip in frame protection. 5g. Airship according to claims i to 58, characterized in that the pendulum also serves as a catch rod during landings, either for landing personnel or for automatic ground equipment, such as horizontal tubes or rods in which hooks of the pendulum can catch, at the same time provided with rungs as a and serving ladder in such a way that the ladder comes to rest on the side of the ship when it is pulled in and does not hinder the ship from sliding on the longitudinal floor tubes. 6o. Airship according to Claims i to 59, characterized in that the cabins. Externally the same as the gas cells, as air cells can be inserted or installed at any point between the gas cells. 61. Airship according to claims 1 to 6o, characterized in that the installation of the cabins within the hull allows any spatial expansion, which is considerable compared with the cabins of previous giant airships Watercraft permitted without the cabins being subject to the risk of submersion due to the ship's load. 62. Airship according to Claims 1 to 61, characterized in that the driver's cabin, built into the bow tip, enables observation of the direction of travel, the length of the ship to the side and the airspace upwards and downwards 63. Airship according to claims i to 62, characterized in that the guest cabins of even the smallest models can be designed into comfortable living spaces. 64. Airship according to claims i to 63, characterized in that the size of the driver's cabin with the motors at the stern as the best drive point is the propeller and in the best protection point, without the risk of any driving ows with helium, even with 150% hydrogen admixture. 65. Airship according to claim i to 6.1, characterized in that the attachment of the engine cabin at the stern allows the construction of the rudder and propeller so close to the cabin that the axes of the rudder and the connecting rods of the elevator control through the Run the cabin, repaired immediately from there and can be operated. 06. Airship according to claim i to 65. there- marked by. that the engine cabs on 11eck on the keel loden for the purpose of better and lower weight distribution of the heavy mo- gates installed «earth and the transmission the engine power among the most desirable in the stern tip in the center of the ship by means of a gear chain or _ \ chsenzahn- r: it is done. Propeller forward and backward switchable. 67. Airship according to claims i to 66, there- characterized in that a gangway without 1_e iterti, running on the 1, target floor, leader, Connects guest and driver cabins. in the Construction of retractable balloons with the 1_atrfgarrgl> odeii amRahnienboden. at the Inserting the balloons usable, with uniform the same balloon, or soldering to the balloon lonunterland, which formed so far indented or through the underside of the balloon with a protective ala <-e provided, formed in the walls by a soldered-on three-walled cap. 6 @. Airship according to claim i to 67, there- characterized in that the gangway to the Side of the ship is running, finite corresponding side Licher indentation of the gas cells or partly the one. partly on the other side of the front ren and rear cut side. 6 ( ). Airship according to claim i Iris 68, there- characterized in that the cabins in The axes of the ligaments are at rest and so in the event of fluctuations or driving up steep slopes with the tip of the ship raised stay in balance in order to avoid the I leratistretetis from your hull only with ni (irliclist small floor space constructible. i o. Airship according to claims i to 69, there- characterized in that the cabins as Drum are built, which the passengers possible, with fluctuations or steep slopes to balance the equilibrium by moving Looking for. 1. I_tiftscliiit according to: \ r Claim 1 to 7o, that- characterized in that the cabins lockable table with double walls against changed air pressure can be built. 72. Airship according to claim 1 to 71, there- marked by. <leave it absolutely gas-tight trusted = \ ltuninitim cells as watertight Sweat cells serve on water and thus drive t also make the Tiber-empty safely. 73. Airship according to claim 1 to 72, there- characterized by the fact that the (and the bottom of the keel exposed to water pressure the thin balloon sheets as a carrier of the respective the landing weight by the pressure on catching struts is stiffened. 74. Airship according to claims i to 73, there- characterized by the fact that penetrating water water is pumped out by water suction pumps. 7 ;. Airship according to claim 1 to 7.4, there- characterized in that the air side control Dive into the water with an enlarged fin to serve as a water control. 76. Airship according to claim 1 Iris 75, characterized. that an alternating supply of gas to the engine with gas lighter than air and C) 1 heavier than air ensures a weight balance of the operating materials, which weight balancing saves the need to carry discharge ballast when using propellant gas and draining lifting gas when using oil. 77. An airship according to claim 1 to 76, characterized in that the distribution of operating fluid to 01 and gas weight saving of oil-in fuel and thus decreases the dimensions of the vessel. 78. Airship according to claim 1 to 77, characterized in that the distribution of the fuel on oil and gas increases the radius of action and further saves weight on oil and reduces the dimensions of the ship. 79. Airship according to claims i to 78, characterized in that the ability to change fuel lighter and heavier than air makes the ship more difficult and easier and thus serves to maneuver lifting and lowering without the need for a pressure balloon which is necessary for this maneuver the transport of exhaust gas and: 11) ballast is saved. No. Airship according to Claims 1 to 79, characterized in that the attachment of the Trielrgasl> allon to the stern lowers the stern when the propellant gas and at the same time the lifting gas are consumed, and raises the stern when petrol is consumed, thus serving as a balancing device. e1. Airship according to Claims i to 8o, characterized. that the necessary upper pressure of the propellant gas balloon as a gasometer is achieved by the device of the inflatable balloon described with a stronger counterweight that is desired for the pressure. 82. Airship according to claims i to 8i, characterized in that the supply lines from the Trielrgasliallon to the engine are provided with non-return valves which automatically close the supply lines due to the return pressure and thus avoid ignition of the propellant gas. 83. Airship according to claims i to 82, characterized in that the risk of explosion of the propellant gas is prevented in that the constituents of the propellant gas are stored separately and therefore safe from combustion and are only mixed in required quantities shortly before consumption. 8-1. Airship according to Claims 1 to 83, characterized in that the separate propellant gas constituents are mixed in a mixing container which is filled by suction pumps, the size of which corresponds to the proportions of the constituent admixture. 8th;. Airship according to Claims 1 to 84, characterized in that the suction pumps are coupled to the motor by gearwheels so that the pump quantity corresponds to the requirements of the motor. 86. Airship according to claim i to 8.5, characterized in that the necessary overpressure of the mixing container is generated by a plug plate with spring pressure. 87. Airship according to claim i to 86, characterized in that the alternating supply of gas and oil takes place through a changeover valve in the gas supply pipe of the motor which opens one supply line and closes the other at the same time or opens both or closes both. 88. Airship according to claim t to 87, characterized. that the alternating supply of fuel, lighter and heavier than air, is replaced with two motors in such a way that one biotor is fed with gas and the other with oil.