DE7819548U1 - MANEUVER DRIVE FOR WATER VEHICLES - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to a maneuvering engine for watercraft, at detü according to the towing jet principle, motive water and suction water are mixed and connected to this connected to the diffuser section of the engine, whereby the suction water flows into two cuts is divided, of which the first suction water jet enveloped by the annular motive water jet while the second suction water jet envelops the motive water jet from the outside.

Watercraft are usually powered by hate jet engines driven in the broadest sense. This also includes propellers, which are extremely low loaded Have axial pumps understood.

Even the basic physical laws that have to be taken into account when designing a water jet engine indicate the appropriate design. To achieve a high thrust with good efficiency must accelerate the engine as much water as possible as little as possible.

Screw propellers are hard to beat in this regard, which is also the reason for their widespread use this propulsion organ exists. In some areas of application, however, screw propellers also have serious ones

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Disadvantage. They have a large diameter, the must be flown against as freely as possible, so they require an enormous amount of space and require special training of the underwater part of the watercraft. Farther screw propellers require sufficient immersion to avoid air ingress and cavitation «more Disadvantages are: heavy power transmission units, large control forces when training as a maneuvering engine, strong vibration excitation, strong noise development and the like.

If these disadvantages are to be avoided, this inevitably leads to more heavily loaded engines, i.a. so to Diagonal or radial pumps. With the latter, jet speeds of over 50 m / sec. achieve, where such a system turns out to be relatively small and light. The disadvantage of such a system is that the Achievable ratio of thrust to drive power at low vehicle speeds due to the large difference between jet speed and vehicle speed is very small. For example, when you are standing, you can use a jet speed of 30 m / sec only generate 60 N thrust per kW drive power, while a screw propeller, who works with 6 m / sec jet speed, reaches 333 N / kW (ideally calculated: jet thrust / Beam power = 2 / beam speed). this is the

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decisive «erind why radial pumps and also Diagonal pumps in the propulsion technique only to a great extent have found their way to a small extent. With conventional Construction they are generally only interesting for high-speed craft (hydrofoils and gliders), their Its own speed is already close to the jet speed.

The ejector effect is known per se. The principle will technically used in pump construction as well as in aviation technology. In the area of water jet engines, however, are WITTE and LORENZ have only recently carried out detailed investigations.

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The Ksnalexamination carried out by WITTS with Ejector drives are limited to injectors central jet injection, while LORENZ's work on the application of the ejector principle for The transverse thrusters went out and the Mehrlocli rim jet ejector as well as the ejector with a slot-shaped propellant jet outlet encompassed over the full circumference of the cross tube. It was assumed that ejector engines were very long in relation to the intake manifold diameter, the one Use as rotatable maneuvering thrusters is not permitted.

The object of the present invention is to provide a maneuvering engine for watercraft that has a optimal adjustment of the jet exit speed as well as the ratio of motive water to suction water to any Vehicle speed made possible without the length of the engine increasing significantly.

A maneuvering engine is used to solve this problem proposed for watercraft according to the type described above, which is designed according to the invention in the manner is that for optimal coordination of the speed of the mixed jet emerging from the engine the vehicle speed in the engine a device to regulate the water jet outlet cross section or to change the inlet cross section of the outer one,

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The suction water jet enveloping the driving water jet | is provided. |

Due to the development of a maneuvering | engine becomes the decisive disadvantage of high | included jet propulsion largely while maintaining | -

the advantages compensated. A suitable design of the 1 engine is an optimal adaptation of enforced I Amount of water and jet speed to the vehicle f

speed achievable. |

This device for water jet outlet cross section y

regulation consists of one in the interior of the diffuser }

of the engine arranged to the engine center line f

rotationally symmetrical and conical filling t

body with the formation of an annular, through the j

respective position of the filling body determinable outlet!

cross-section between the diffuser inner wall and the £

Packing. To change the outlet cross-section before |

to be able to take, the packing is parallel to the drive ί

work center line by means of hydraulic, mechanical or |

motorized devices designed to be displaceable. :

According to a further feature of the invention is the device for water jet outlet cross-section regulation

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or to change the inlet cross-section of the outer suction water jet enveloping the motive water jet in the central suction water jet of the engine arranged.

The invention also provides an embodiment according to which the diffuser ring is opposite the front part of the engine is displaceable in the engine longitudinal direction, whereby the inlet cross-section of the outer, the propulsion water jet enveloping suction water jet adjustable is trained.

According to a further embodiment of the invention Maneuvering engine is in the engine front and preferably at its rear end in the center i «central suction water jet a rotationally symmetrical to the engine center line, Spindly shaped and balloon-like arranged with gas or liquid inflatable packing made of flexible material, with between the inner wall of the front engine part surrounding the central suction water jet and the filler body | an annular flow cross section is formed, the area of which is determined by the respective filling amount of the inflatable Packing is adjustable.

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Furthermore, the invention provides an embodiment according to which the diffuser part of the engine according to the Engine front part is designed as an annular channel, the inner surface of the diffuser part with several Provided openings and the ring channel via a line provided with a control valve to the line with a control valve equipped suction line of a motive water pump is connected, so that the motive water pump on the Diffuser ring channel through the perforated inner wall of the diffuser the boundary layer that forms on this inner wall is designed to be suctioned, resulting in large diffuser opening angles are possible without flow separation and thus a short construction of the diffuser part and thus also of the whole Engine is made possible.

Furthermore, swirl plates can be arranged in the diffuser part or in the front engine part. That through that Water flowing through the engine is controlled by the arrangement of swirl plates in the diffuser in the area of both suction water sections and / or a swirl is impressed in the ring-shaped motive water nozzle, whereby large diffuser opening angles without Flow separation are possible and thus also a short one Construction of the diffuser part and thus also of the entire engine is made possible.

According to a further feature of the invention is the

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Diffuser part of the engine from an annular channel of almost circular cross-section, which is attached to the front part of the engine the side facing away from it is provided with a slot pointing inwards towards the engine center line, through which water can be sucked into the interior of the annular channel, while a motive water pump is provided as a pump is, whereas the ring channel is connected via a line provided with a control valve to the also with a control valve equipped suction line of the motive water pump connected is, whereby by setting the two control valves accordingly, the amount of the through the ring slot sucked water adjustable and thus the expansion of the jet emerging from the engine can be regulated is trained.

A maneuvering engine that is particularly suitable for fixed Installation in or on watercraft in an angular design suitable, is designed according to a further feature of the invention in such a way that the diffuser part of the engine is formed from laterally tangent to the mixed jet, driven rotors, the rotors rotate in opposite directions and on the side touched by the mixed jet with the direction of flow and the expansion of the mixed jet can be regulated via the rotor speed, so that, in addition, when the rotor is rotating in the same direction

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a deflection of the jet emerging from the engine
can cause.

A maneuvering engine with the inventive concept structures enables an optimal adjustment of the jet—: ■ -exit velocity as well as the ratio of

I Propelling water to suction water at any drive speed I

i speed without the length of the engine being significantly | enlarged. This adjustment is made by changing the | Suction water inlet cross-sections and / or the mixed water | exit cross-section reached. |

In the drawing, the object of the invention is shown for example, namely shows in vertical
Cuts

Fig. 1 shows a maneuvering engine with a

rotationally symmetrical arranged displaceably in the diffuser interior
Packing for outlet cross-section regulation,

2 shows a maneuvering engine with a different I

% shaped packing, \

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Fig. 3 shows a maneuvering engine with a displaceable diffuser ring,

4 shows a maneuvering engine with a further embodiment of an inflatable filling body,

5 shows a maneuvering engine with a diffuser part in an embodiment for preventing the detachment by means of boundary layer suction,

6 shows a further embodiment of a maneuvering engine in a short design, but without a diffuser part, but with an active device for jet expansion,

7 shows a further embodiment of a maneuvering engine with counter-rotating rotating rotors for jet expansion and

8 shows the maneuvering engine with rotors driven in the same direction.

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The Msnövriertriebwerk shown in the figures is denoted by 10 and consists of a front engine part and a rear engine part 12.

The front engine part 11 is formed by an annular channel 20 which surrounds the engine interior 26 » so that an inlet opening 21 with a rounded inlet and an outlet opening 22 can be generated. The annular channel 20 is provided with a feed nozzle 23 for motive water T and has at its end opposite the rounded inlet an annular slot 25 for the The motive water T emerges. The inner space 26 enclosed by the annular channel 20 represents the suction section, through which a first suction water jet Sl is passed-

The front engine part 11 is followed by the rear engine part 12, which represents the diffuser and consists of a diffuser nozzle 30 with an inlet opening 31 and an outlet opening 32 »The narrowest point of the The inlet opening 31 of the diffuser nozzle 30 faces the diameter of the outlet opening 22 of the front Engine part 11 has a larger diameter, so

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that the inlet opening 31 in that of the outlet opening 22 of the front engine part 11 is formed Level comes to rest under the training of one annular gap 35 which encloses the annular slot 25 for the entry of the motive water T.

The annular inlet slot 35 serves to feed a second suction water jet S2 into the inner space 36 of the Diffuser nozzle 30. The arrangement of the front drive- Werkteiles 11 and the rear engine parts «12 is such that the into the annular inlet slot 35 entering suction water jet S2 on the inner wall unequal surface : OK the diffuser nozzle 30 out in the direction of arrow X. will. De-T interior 36 of diffuser nozzle 30 is widened conically to the outlet opening 32, so that the diameter of the outlet opening 32 compared to the narrowest diameter Egg opening 31 of diffuser nozzle 30 is larger is sized.

The ring-shaped outlet slot 25 in the front engine part 11 is designed in relation to its guide surfaces in such a way that that from the annular outlet slot motive water jet T emerging in the direction of arrow Xl simultaneous flow of the suction water jet Sl in the direction of arrow X2 through the engine not the Inner wall surface 30a of the diffuser nozzle acted upon, but

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on that on the inner wall surface 30a of the diffuser nozzle
30 strikes along the suction water jet S2 and
this takes along, so that friction losses through leadership
of the motive water jet T on the inner wall surface 30a of the
Diffuser nozzle 30 can be avoided.

The asform shown in Fig. 1 has to
Regulation of the outlet cross-section a filling body 40 in the rotationally symmetrical to the engine center line
Diffuser interior 36, the center line in the direction of TriebwerksI $ indicated by the double arrow Y, by means of ■

i hydraulic or motorized or mechanical equipment | lines can be designed to be displaceable. 401 indicates the packing in the extended position. |

Between the filling body 40 and the diffuser inner wall 30a §

This leaves an annular outlet cross-section 41, % its area due to the respective position of the filling body f

i 4G is determined. I.

In Fig. 2 another possible embodiment of the ψ,

Packing shown. With 5O here is a balloon-like r inflatable, more rotationally symmetrical to the diffuser center line |

Denotes packing, which at its front end 52 and |

is clamped at its rear end 53. The packing

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can be, for example, to the designated with 501, Inflate the form shown in dashed lines. Thus, the circular beam exit cross-section 51 by supplying or discharging the gaseous or liquid filling medium via a not shown in the drawing Set the line shown as required.

Furthermore, according to FIG. 3, it is possible to regulate the jet exit speed of the engine by moving the diffuser ring 3O in the direction of arrow Z. Characterized \ changes of the Saugwasserstrahl S2 available to the inlet cross section 35 and thus also the amount of the supplied here Saugwassers. Overall, the ratio of motive water to suction water changes and thus also the speed of the mixed jet.

Another Möglichkeit- the mixing ratio control is shown in FIG. 4 in the central S _a ugwasserstrahl ft

Sl e.g. by arranging an inflatable filling body ϊ |

to regulate. The filler body indicated by 60 corresponds to j

exactly as shown in FIG. 2 in terms of structure and function Filler body 50. The filler body 60 can, for example, have the shape indicated by 601 and indicated by dashed lines inflation. If the filling body 60 is arranged so that the narrowest cross-section for the suction water jet S1 is in unmitfcel-

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close proximity of the rear end of the front engine part is located, i.e. just in front of the motive water nozzle, there is an additional advantage that the mixing losses are reduced, because then the suction water is already fed to the motive water at a noteworthy speed and therefore the shock losses, which are a function of the speed difference between the motive and suction water are, reduce.

The regulation of the diffuser outlet cross section 32 by means of packing elements arranged in the diffuser in accordance with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 inevitably results in an increase in the length of the engine. This means that a very important advantage of this engine over other ejector engines - namely the short overall length - is partly lost again, which can be of decisive importance ^{, especially for use as a rotatable ldanö \ T riertrisbv ^ rk.} In the case of controllable engines, in which the arrangement of fillers in the outlet cross-section already requires a relatively long length through these fillers themselves and their connections to the rest of the engine, at least the remaining engine parts must be made as short as possible.

One way of doing this is to shorten the sors. The birffusor length is determined by the maximum

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paint opening angle that of a simple diffuser to 14 must not exceed, otherwise the diffuser inner wall will become detached. This would make the Effect of the diffuser nullified. Increasing the diffuser opening angle therefore only makes sense if at the same time, appropriate measures are taken to ensure that the detachment does not take place.

The process of preventing detachment by means of boundary layer suction is known per se. This principle can be used very elegantly in the present case, as is shown schematically in FIG. 5, for example. The diffuser part 70 of the engine IO is designed as an annular channel 71 , similar to the engine front part. The inner wall 71a, that is to say the actual diffuser boundary surface, is perforated with several openings 72. The ring diffuser channel 71 is connected to a suction line 81 of a motive water pump 80 via a pipeline 82. The motive water pump thus sucks part of its water requirement from the diffuser ring, this proportion being adjustable with the aid of valves 81a and 82a.

Due to the boundary layer suction implemented in this way in a simple "manner the diffuser opening angle can be increased considerably, what for a given ratio of the diffuser inlet smile at the diffuser exit face one opposite

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a simple diffuser is considerably shorter
results.

Another way to change the diffuser opening angle \

further raise, is the impressing through the diffuser \ flowing water a twist so that the re- I

resulting centrifugal forces on the diffuser inner surface create a | deliver positive pressure component that opposes separation | works. The required twist can be removed by arrangement

speaking swirl plates both in the front engine part | as well as in the diffuser part. In addition, the |

Ij motive water a swirl can be impressed by arranging swirl plates in the Ji ring-shaped motive water nozzle. Also in
Leave the inlet slot for the external suction water jet S2
Arrange swirl plates, not shown in the drawing, which here also act as connecting elements
can be used between the front and the rear engine part.

An even shorter design of the maneuvering engine is
shown in FIG. 6. In principle, the one shown works
System exactly like that shown in FIG. Same
System components are therefore also with the same digits
designated. Only the diffuser part 70 is replaced with one
Annular channel 90 of almost circular cross-section, in the
water is sucked in through a slot. This will

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on the one hand, the detachment point at the ring channel 90 forming The ring body is moved backwards and, on the other hand, an outward rotating ring vortex is induced, so that overall the widening of the flow indicated by arrows results. The effect corresponds to that of a diffuser, but the overall length is much shorter is. In addition, the beam expansion to a certain extent The measure can be regulated by regulating the from the interior 91 of the ring body 90 and thus the amount of water sucked off through the slot 92. Here, too, is the ring canal 90 is connected to the suction line 81 of the motive water pump 80 via the pipeline 82. 81a and 82a are valves.

Another embodiment of the engine that also is extremely short and also enables a controllable beam expansion is shown in Fig. 7, for example. represents. This variant is essentially important for rectangular engine cross-sections, in particular for fixed ones installed, non-rotating arrangements. Here the beam expansion is achieved by driven rotors 200,201, the Turn in the opposite direction in the direction of rotation indicated by the arrows. In Fig. 7 is the flow profile generated indicated by arrows. The amount of beam expansion is

1 controllable via the rotor speed.

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Let the rotors rotate in the same direction as 2QO, 2Ol a beam deflection can be achieved with the same arrangement reach, as indicated in Fig. 8 by arrows. Naturally, this is a great advantage fixed, non-rotating engines.

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Claims (1)

1. Maneuvering engine for watercraft, in which after the drag jet principle, motive water and suction water, a mixed water and an adjoining one Diffuser section of the engine are fed, with the suction water in two flow sections is divided, of which the first suction water jet enveloped by the annular motive water jet is, while the second suction water jet in turn envelops the motive water jet from the outside, thereby characterized in that for optimal coordination of the speed of the emerging from the engine (10) A device (100) for the mixed jet to the vehicle speed in the engine (10) Accounts: Deutsche Bank AQ Hamburg (BLZ 20070000) Account No. 6/10055 Postscheckamt Hamburg (BLZ 20010020) Account no. 282080-201 r ο ι JJfö XJi, TT. fTt - 2 - Waeserstrahiaujitrittsauschnittsregulieruiig (40.SO ^ 6O ₃ , 200,201) or to change (30,71,90) the inlet cross-section of the outer suction water jet enveloping the propellant jet is provided. 2. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the device (100) consists of one in the interior (36) of the diffuser (3O) of the engine (10) arranged, to the engine center line rotationally symmetrical and conical sus-formed fillers (40) with the formation of an annular, ! by the respective position of the filling body (40) determinable outlet cross-section (41) between the diffuser inner wall (30a) and the filling body (4O) : exists. 3. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that j. indicates that the filler body (40) is parallel to Engine center line can be moved by means of hydraulic, mechanical or motorized devices is trained. 4. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the device (100) is arranged in the central suction water jet of the engine (10). ffl 5β maneuvering engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (100) consists of a diffuser ring (30) designed to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the engine relative to the front part of the engine (10) for changing the inlet cross-section of the outer suction water jet enveloping the propulsion water jet. 6. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1, characterized in that for regulating the engine cross-section in the diffuser interior (36) as a device (100) a rotationally symmetrical to the engines! (50) made of flexible material, with an annular outlet cross-section (51) remaining between the diffuser inner wall (30a) and the filler body (50), the area of which is adjustable by the filling quantity of the inflatable filler body. 7. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is marked shows that in the engine front part (11) and | preferably at its rear end in the middle of the central | Suction water jet in rotation to the engine center line | l symmetrical, spindle-shaped and balloon— | 7819548 02.1178 • - · ι like »it gas or a liquid inflatable packing (SO) as a device (100) made of flexible Material is arranged, wherein between the jf central Saugwasserstrahl surrounding inner wall of the front J ßquerschnitt engine part (11) and the filling body ί € Ο) a ringföraiger Burehfi ^ is formed whose area is adjustable by the respective filling quantity of the inflatable packing element formed ^i: is. 8. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1 to 7 , characterized in that the diffuser part (70) of the engine memory (10) is designed as an annular channel (71) corresponding to the engine front part (11}, wherein the inner surface of the diffuser part (70) with several Openings (72) and the ring channel (71) is connected via a line (82) provided with a control valve (82a) to the suction line (81) of a motive water pump (8O) equipped with a control valve (81a), which is connected via the diffuser ring channel ( 71) through the perforated diffuser channel wall, the boundary layer forming on this inner wall is designed to be suctioned. 9. Maneuvering engine according to claim 1 to S _1, characterized in that in the diffuser part (70) or in the » 7819548 011178 front engine part (11) swirl plates are arranged. 10. maneuvering engine according to claim 1, 5 and 7, characterized characterized in that the diffuser part (70) of the engine (1O) on "a" P.ingkar.al (90) consists of an almost circular cross-section, which at its the Engine front part (11) facing away from the side with an inward facing towards the engine center line Slot (92) is provided through which the water can be sucked into the interior of the annular channel (90) that a motive water pump (80) is provided as a pump, and that the ring channel (90) is connected to the also via a line {82} provided with a control valve (82a) with a control valve (81a) equipped suction line (81) of the propellant pump (80) is connected, by setting the two control valves accordingly, the amount of the through the annular slot \ S2> water suction adjustable and thus the widening of the jet emerging from the engine (10) » is designed to be adjustable. 11. Maneuvering engine according to claim. 1 tmd 5, characterized in that the diffuser part (3O) of the engine (10) consists of laterally tangent to the mixed jet, driven rotors (200,201) is formed, which are in opposite directions and on the side touched by the mixed jet 7819548 011178 , '"Ι'ΐ 11 1 I · ■ are driven to rotate with the direction of flow and that the expansion of the mixed jet can be regulated via the rotor speed. 12. Maneuvering drive according to claim 11, characterized in that that the rotors (200.2Ql) are in the same direction are designed circumferentially. 7819548 011178