EP1409341B1 - Water jet drive for marine vessels - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a water jet drive for watercraft.

In conventional water jet drives, an impeller is mostly over a horizontal one Drive shafts, but also driven by vertical drive shafts. The impeller accelerates the water and applies swirl and pressure energy to it. integrated Stator blades set the swirl energy and nozzle-shaped outlets set the pressure energy in flow energy, i.e. in thrust to.

Water jet drives with a vertical drive shaft have the advantage that they have the Thrust via outlet nozzles arranged in the housing base or via deflection fins in full control with 360 °. A disadvantage of these drives however, that the flow is several times strong up to the sloping outlet under the floor redirect. As the journey increases, the one to be redirected upwards in the intake area begins To cut off the flow, which results in a thrust drop and the efficiency further diminishes.

The change from advance to return takes about 10 s, with a cross-thrust zone a speed reduction - possibly with disengaging and engaging and restarting required. This causes undesirable control components a more or less disruptive course drift.

Delays and corrective maneuvers can make dangerous situations more difficult.

Another disadvantageous characteristic of such drives is the reversal of the control sine when reversing, which is a rethink and a shake from the usual Rudder position indicator on an all-round thrust direction indicator requires what inexperienced is aggravating.

Water jet drives with a vertical drive shaft are mainly used in displacement ships as maneuvering and auxiliary systems in the bow, but also as main drives in the stern shallow ships with special maneuvering properties.

Water jet drives with a predominantly horizontal drive shaft (axial jets) have that Advantage that the water flow for thrust generation has to be deflected far less than for drives with a vertical drive shaft. In addition, the power transmission takes place direct path (i.e. without angular gear) and the sense of control remains when reversing receive. These drives are mainly used as main drives to control and lighter faster gliding boats, but also used in special fast ships. In displacement vehicles they are rather rare to find. There are also two-stage for special requirements Variants (i.e. drives with two impellers) are known.

Apart from large ships, these drives are mainly used in water vehicles installed that their drive housing and the downstream thrust reverser for stopping, reversing and turning relatively far behind the mirror of the watercraft cantilever, which is a hindrance when maneuvering in a confined space.

The usual steering devices of water jet drives with predominantly horizontal ones The drive shaft has a swivel nozzle for control in advance and for reverse thrust Deflection elbows, deflection flaps and / or bottom deflection blades. The The steering angle is usually limited to ± 30 - 35 ° to port and starboard. This Thrust reversers usually generate when maneuvering (e.g. turning over the Port or starboard side) in addition to the transversal thrust component inevitably one more or less disruptive backward thrust component, which means more precise control difficult. The transverse thrust sufficiently generated for gliding vehicles is for displacement vehicles with a naturally higher demand rather scarce and for agile maneuvering insufficient.

About clearance between the fixed nozzle outlet and the downstream swivel nozzle (or guide device), the exit jet can usually Take up air when reversing is transported forward and then the development of the reverse thrust more or less impaired.

With conventional water jet drives, the water flows from below through a floor inlet and an obligatory protective grille that covers the closely adjacent blades of the rotating impeller and the fixed stator against larger harmful foreign bodies must protect. In many cases, the turning stage of the existing boat gear is used for flushing of the protective grid.

If there is little water between the keel and the bottom (e.g. less than 20 cm), the water inflow due to the toughness of the boundary layers on the outer skin and sole - especially at slow driving and when maneuvering - noticeably impaired, so that the suction effect of the impeller produces a "vacuum cleaner effect", which increases the protective grille Can clog stones so that the thrust development breaks down. smaller Foreign bodies that pass through the protective grille like a sieve increase this Risk of damage.

Although water jet drives are installed flush with the floor for shallow water use are predestined, land vehicle landings on flat banks or Beaches the risk that the above Effects in these situations are not sufficient Thrust is developed to pull the vehicle bow off the beach and back into the fairway to get. If, e.g. due to varying levels of inland water, Changes in the sole or the foreland can lead to ground contact Shallow water suitability of water jet drives with an inlet from below a floor opening suddenly - with no previous signs of timely reaction - through a collapsing thrust development are suddenly impaired and Loss of functionality.

The invention has for its object an inboard water jet propulsion to be specified with a predominantly horizontal drive shaft, that for different aft vessels can be modified with different inflow conditions, the components remain unaffected for drive and control. From water intake to An optimal thrust with at least two propulsion variants should be generated be efficient in at least all with a tail unit that can be integrated into the housing 4 main directions: forward, back and in both transverse directions (to port and Starboard) is deflectable and the - mainly displacement vehicles - the watercraft gives optimal driving and maneuvering properties and their shallow water suitability guaranteed.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention disclose the subclaims.

The invention is essentially based on the idea of the functional parts of the water jet drive to be arranged in a container-like housing so that the water jet drive in a simple way in a prepared opening in the hull of a watercraft is insertable. The housing is on the front with a water inlet Flow channel connected, which also receives the drive shaft. In the container-like A tubular section (propulsion housing) is provided, which to the flow channel via an opening in the front transverse wall of the housing connects and at least one of a drive motor via a horizontal drive shaft rotatable impeller, at least one rectifier, and a nozzle outlet includes, so that when the water jet drive is used as intended Impeller water supplied through the flow channel, this accelerates and then with is expelled at high speed through the nozzle outlet.

The water jet drive further comprises at least one downstream of the nozzle outlet Guide device partially arranged in the container-like housing with at least two side rudder flaps that move from a rest position to a side at the same time Control position are pivotable, and a deflection flap pivotable into the water jet. The deflection flap and the two rudder flaps form the base plate the container-like housing and an upper cover plate arranged in the housing and a sealing plate arranged vertically in the area of the nozzle outlet, a chamber, such that the water jet emerging from the nozzle outlet when the deflection flap is closed and rudder flaps in their rest positions essentially only by a floor deflection grid provided in the base plate can be deflected forward. The Deflection flap has lateral guide fins which are designed such that with the deflection flap closed and the rudder flaps pivoted out of their rest position a transverse opening between the fin and the corresponding rudder flap contour through which the water jet emerges controllably from the chamber in the transverse direction, the contour of the side surfaces of the container-like housing in this area is chosen that the water jet is not hindered.

• Der Wasserstrahlantrieb ist mit dem modifizierbaren äußeren containerförmigen Gehäuse flexibler an die unterschiedlichen Hinterschiffsformen und ihre Strömungsverhältnisse anpaßbar, ohne das innere Propulsionsgehäuse sowie die Antriebs- und Steuerungskomponenten zu verändern.
• Die Kombination des containerförmigen Gehäuses mit dem inneren Propulsionsgehäuse ermöglicht eine optimierbare Zuströmung und Energieumsetzung im Inneren und somit ein Maximum an Schub, der mit einer durch die Kombination geprägten Leiteinrichtung in alle Hauptrichtungen effizient steuerbar ist.
• Es erfolgt ein optimales Umlenken des Wasserstrahles zum Steuern und zur Erzeugung eines für Verdrängerfahrzeuge effizienten Querschubs, der weitestgehend frei von rückwärtsgerichteten Komponenten ist, da der Wasserstrahl geführt aus einer umschlossenen Seitenöffnung austritt.
• Das Drehen auf dem Teller sowie das Bremsen und ein Crash Stop sind ohne Abdrift möglich. Der Steuersinn bleibt in der Rückwärtsfahrt erhalten. Der Rückwärtsschub wird nicht durch schädlichen Lufteintrag gemindert. Damit verleiht der Wasserstrahlantrieb dem Fahrzeug optimale Manöveriereigenschaften.
• Der Wasserstrahlantrieb ist so ausführbar, daß bei eventuellen Grundberührungen die Schubentwicklung nicht schlagartig zusammenbricht, weil sie durch zusätzliche seitliche Zuströmungen aufrechterhalten wird.
• Die Installation des Wasserantriebes innerhalb der Kiel- u. Spiegelkonturen bei erhöhter Bodenfreiheit des Impellerbereiches und die Eigensteifigkeit des Containergehäuses gewährleisten zusammen mit dem v.g. Punkt eine optimale Flachwassertauglichkeit und die Eignung zum Trockenfallen des Fahrzeuges.
• Der Wasserstrahlantrieb läßt sich als betriebsfertig vorgefertigte containerisierte Antriebsanlage -bei Bedarf in Kompaktbauweise mit vorinstalliertem Antriebsmotor- herstellen und auf werftübliche Weise (z.B. durch Einschweißen oder Einlaminieren) in eine vorbereitete Rumpföffnung einbauen. Alle Montageschweißnähte verlaufen weit genug außerhalb der Funktionsbereiche.

The water jet drive has the following advantages:

• With the modifiable outer container-shaped housing, the water jet drive can be adapted more flexibly to the different shapes of the aft ship and their flow conditions without changing the inner propulsion housing as well as the drive and control components.
• The combination of the container-shaped housing with the inner propulsion housing enables an optimized inflow and energy conversion in the interior and thus a maximum of thrust, which can be efficiently controlled in all main directions with a guiding device characterized by the combination.
• There is an optimal deflection of the water jet to control and to generate a transverse thrust that is efficient for displacement vehicles, which is largely free of rearward-facing components, since the water jet emerges guided from an enclosed side opening.
• Turning on the plate as well as braking and a crash stop are possible without drifting. The sense of tax remains in reverse. The reverse thrust is not reduced by harmful air entry. The water jet drive thus gives the vehicle optimum maneuvering properties.
• The water jet drive can be designed in such a way that the thrust development does not suddenly collapse if there is any basic contact because it is maintained by additional lateral inflows.
• The installation of the water drive within the keel u. Mirror contours with increased ground clearance of the impeller area and the inherent rigidity of the container housing, together with the point above, ensure optimum suitability for shallow water and the suitability for the vehicle to dry out.
• The water jet propulsion can be manufactured as a ready-to-use containerized propulsion system - if required in a compact design with a preinstalled drive motor - and installed in a prepared fuselage opening in the usual manner (e.g. by welding or laminating). All assembly welds run far enough outside the functional areas.

The invention can be used for various types of watercraft in glider or Displacement type are used, e.g. for dinghies, pleasure boats, landing craft, Company vehicles, passenger ships, ferries, work ships, cargo ships, vehicles with special requirements for holding positions, e.g. Diving support ships. There are different requirements for each of these and other watercraft to drive, control and crash stop as well as to the installation, which with the invention Water jet propulsion can be fulfilled.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the flow channel is designed such that that the water can be fed horizontally from the front. Known water jet drives however, absorb the water from below through a bottom opening. When using shallow water, i.e. with a keel clearance below 20 cm, these are known Drives suffer additional losses because of the tough boundary layers on the outer skin and reason obstruct the water flow to the impeller. The impeller's suction effect is reduced thrust while increasing ship resistance. With the horizontal inlet on the other hand, the disadvantages of conventional floor inlets with inflow from below are due to unfavorable deflections and channel friction on the suction side of the impeller and the dreaded vacuum cleaner effect that is feared in shallow water use.

The rear bearing of the drive shaft can be sealed in a stern tube (with Bearings) or without, i.e. wet running (in a water-lubricated plain bearing). Then either the stern tube in front of the impeller is in a support star in the inlet channel to be arranged, the webs of which are shaped in such a way that the water is as possible to the impeller is supplied swirl-free, or in the case of a wet shaft, this is in the center of the Guide vanes arranged behind the impeller, the swirl energy in flow energy implement, stored.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the propulsion housing has in the area of the impeller has a circular cross-section and one in the area of the outlet nozzle essentially square cross-section, with the inner contours between the two Form cross-sectional fins guide surfaces that are coiled so that the water exits the nozzle leaves with reduced swirl. This configuration is supplementary or alternative can be realized as fixed guide vanes behind the impeller.

It has proven to be advantageous if that control flap of the guide device that is pivoted to the side to be controlled, each has a larger angle than the adjacent control flap. This ensures that a predominantly cross-directional Thrust to port or starboard is generated.

To avoid that when driving backwards from that provided in the base plate Bottom deflection grid water jet emerging into the water inlet of the flow channel reached, it has proven to be expedient, the floor deflection grid with herringbone trained guiding surfaces. This divides the water jet and predominantly directed past the water inlet of the flow channel.

In order to be able to make a fine control when reversing, the herringbone should Guide surfaces of the floor deflecting grille can be at least partially closable.

The grid-like guide surfaces of the floor grid can be used to support the injector effect towards the rear end of the base plate should always be longer, such that each of these guiding surfaces in the advance of the corresponding watercraft Can absorb water from below.

To ensure protection against accidents, the rear end of the base plate can be over the protrude rear contour of the diverter flap, in the rear area of the base plate At least two vertical pipe supports are attached, which are upwards on the Top plate of the housing or directly on the hull of the corresponding watercraft support.

The container-like housing and / or the flow channel can be made of steel, aluminum or a fiber composite material or in composite construction of metal and plastic consist.

The water jet drive can be designed such that the rudder flaps and the deflection flap in the assembled state of the water jet drive on a watercraft over the stern mirror of the watercraft and over the side walls of the container-like Protrude housing. The water jet drive can also be designed in this way be that the container-like housing with the rudder flaps and the Deflection flap in the installed state of the water jet drive on a watercraft is flush with the stern mirror of the watercraft and on both sides in the side walls are provided with radiation niches for the cross flow.

Fig.1 den Längsschnitt eines schematisch dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispieles eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserstrahlantriebes, der überwiegend in das Hinterschiff eines Wasserfahrzeuges integriert ist, sowie alternative Anordnungen eines Antriebsmotors für den Wasserstrahlantrieb;

Fig.2 eine Draufsicht auf den in Fig.1 dargestellten Wasserstrahlantrieb bei Vorausfahrt;

Fig.3 eine Draufsicht auf den in Fig.1 dargestellten Wasserstrahlantrieb bei Vorausfahrt mit Kursänderung (verstellte Ruderklappen);

Fig.4 und 5 eine Seitenansicht und eine Ansicht von unten auf den in Fig.1 dargestellten Wasserstrahlantrieb mit geschlossener Umlenkklappe, so daß eine Schubumkehr für Stop u. Rückwärtsfahrt erfolgt;

Fig.6 und 7 Draufsichten auf den Wasserstrahlantrieb mit geschlossener Umlenkklappe und seitlich verschwenkten Ruderklappen zur Querschuberzeugung nach Back- und Steuerbord;

Fig.8 und 9 eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern der Ruderklappen mit optimiert unterschiedlichen Anstellwinkeln;

Fig.10 eine Seitenansicht des heckseitigen Bereiches des Wasserstrahlantriebes aus der in Fig.8 mit X bezeichneten Richtung;

Fig.11 eine vergrößerte Ansicht, des in Fig.10 mit XI bezeichneten Bereiches;

Fig.12 den Längsschnitt eines schematisch dargestellten zweiten Ausführungsbeispieles eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserstrahlantriebes mit horizontalem Einlauf von vorne, der vollständig in dem Hinterschiff eines Wasserfahrzeuges angeordnet ist;

Fig.13 eine Ansicht auf den Wasserstrahlantrieb aus der in Fig.12 mit XIII bezeichneten Richtung mit angedeuteten Wasserzuströmungen von vorne und von beiden Seiten;

Fig. 14 und 15 zwei Schnitte entlang der in Fig. 12 mit XIV-XIV und XV-XV bezeichneten Schnittlinien;

Fig.16 eine Ansicht auf den Wasserstrahlantrieb aus der in Fig.12 mit XVI bezeichneten Richtung;

Fig.17 eine Seitenansicht eines einen Impeller des Wasserstrahlantriebes enthaltenden Propulsionsgehäuses mit integrierten Gleichrichter-Leitflächen;

Fig.18 die Ansicht des in Fig.17 dargestellten Propulsionsgehäuses von der mit XVIII bezeichneten Seite;

Fig.19 und 20 den Fig.17 und 18 entsprechende Ansichten eines Propulsionsgehäuses mit zwei hintereinander angeordneten Impellem und dazwischen angeordneten Leitschaufeln.

Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiments explained with reference to figures. Show it:

1 shows the longitudinal section of a schematically illustrated first exemplary embodiment of a water jet drive according to the invention, which is predominantly integrated into the stern of a watercraft, and alternative arrangements of a drive motor for the water jet drive;

2 shows a plan view of the water jet drive shown in FIG. 1 when driving ahead;

3 shows a plan view of the water jet drive shown in FIG. 1 when driving ahead with a change of course (adjusted rudder flaps);

4 and 5 show a side view and a view from below of the water jet drive shown in FIG. 1 with the deflection flap closed, so that a thrust reverser for stop and. Reversing takes place;

Fig. 6 and 7 plan views of the water jet drive with closed deflection flap and laterally pivoted rudder flaps for cross-thrust generation to port and starboard;

8 and 9 a device for controlling the rudder flaps with optimized different angles of attack;

10 shows a side view of the rear area of the water jet drive from the direction designated by X in FIG. 8;

11 is an enlarged view of the area designated XI in FIG. 10;

12 shows the longitudinal section of a schematically illustrated second exemplary embodiment of a water jet drive according to the invention with a horizontal inlet from the front, which is arranged entirely in the stern of a watercraft;

13 shows a view of the water jet drive from the direction designated XIII in FIG. 12 with indicated water inflows from the front and from both sides;

14 and 15 show two sections along the section lines designated by XIV-XIV and XV-XV in FIG. 12;

16 shows a view of the water jet drive from the direction designated XVI in FIG. 12;

17 shows a side view of a propulsion housing containing an impeller of the water jet drive with integrated rectifier guide surfaces;

18 shows the view of the propulsion housing shown in FIG. 17 from the side labeled XVIII;

19 and 20 the views corresponding to FIGS. 17 and 18 of a propulsion housing with two impellers arranged one behind the other and guide vanes arranged between them.

In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a water jet drive, which is predominantly in the stern of a watercraft 2 is integrated.

The water jet drive 1 has a container-like that can be connected to the watercraft Housing 3 with a front transverse wall 4, a base plate 5, a top plate 6 and two side walls 7, 8 on (Fig.2), which has a water inlet 9 receiving flow channel 10 is connected.

A tubular section (propulsion housing) 11 is provided in the housing 3, which connects to the flow channel 10 via an opening 12 in the front transverse wall 4 connects and both at least one of a drive motor 13 via an axial drive shaft 14 rotatable impeller 15 and a nozzle outlet 16 includes, so that at the Intended use of the water jet drive 1, the impeller 15 from below forth water 100 supplied through the flow channel 10, this accelerates and then ejected at high speed as a water jet 101 through the nozzle outlet 16 becomes.

There is a fixed or for cleaning purposes in the inlet of the flow channel 10 Swiveling inlet guard 49, which prevents the penetration of interfering bodies prevented.

Behind the impeller 15 are guide vanes 30 for rectification and use of the swirl Water flow attached.

The water jet drive 1 further comprises at least one outlet downstream of the nozzle outlet 16 Guide device 17 partially arranged in the container-like housing 3 at least two lateral rudder flaps 18, 19, which are simultaneously from a rest position (Fig.2) in lateral control positions (Fig.3, 6 and 7) are pivotable, and one in the Water jet 101 lowerable and closable deflection flap 20.

The deflection flap 20 and the two rudder flaps 18, 19 form with the base plate 5 the container-like housing 3 and a cover plate 21 arranged in the housing 3 and an approximately vertically arranged one located in the area of the nozzle outlet 16 Sealing plate 22 a chamber 23.

By closing the deflection flap 20 (FIG. 4), the water jet 101 is deflected and emerges in the direction from a floor deflection grid 24 arranged in the floor plate 5 and generates thrust for stopping and reversing. Generated thereby this forward deflected water jet has an evenly distributed thrust that Secures exchange rate stability. The course stability when reversing is further guaranteed by that the evenly distributed thrust "pulls" the hull, the hull So it acts as a straight rudder surface.

The deflection flap 20 is equipped on both sides with guide fins 25, 26 (FIG. 6). They cause that the water jet 101 is also arranged in the case of inclined rudder flaps 18, 19 Redirected transverse direction and so the energy of the water jet 101 largely in Transverse thrust is converted.

The two rudder flaps 18, 19 are in the housing 3 about approximately vertical axes 27, 28 pivotally arranged (Fig.2). When driving straight ahead, they are in the rest position to the side of the Water jet 101. It treads feed generating full strength straight uninhibited towards the back.

For course changes in advance, the two rudder flaps 18, 19 in the desired and the necessary angle is pivoted, the water jet 101 receives a change of direction, this creates control force (Fig. 3).

The rudder flaps 18, 19 are in their rear part corresponding to the rounding of the Deflection flap 20 formed and close in the rest position with the deflection flap lowered 20 the chamber 23 behind the outlet nozzle 16 is approximately sealed.

To generate transverse thrust, the two rudder flaps 18, 19 are pivoted laterally and thus direct the water jet 101 with the aid of the one attached to the deflection flap 20 Guide fins 25, 26 in the transverse direction to port or starboard (Fig. 6 and 7).

The two rudder flaps 18, 19 are for joint actuation via a coupling rod 29 connected to each other (Fig. 8 and 9). As a rule, but not exclusively, one becomes the rudder flaps 18, 19 - the primary flap - operated by an actuating force. The positioning force can be manual in nature, through a hydraulic swivel motor, hydraulic or electric cylinder or generated in some other way.

The geometry of the two rudder flaps 18, 19 is designed so that it pivots each have a lateral outlet opening 31, 32 between the ceiling panel 21 and the floor panel 5 Release the rudder flaps 18, 19 and the guide fins 25, 26 of the deflection flap 20 (Fig. 6 and 7) that exits up to more than the cross-sectional area of the water jet behind the nozzle 16 corresponds and thus enables an optimal implementation of the water jet 101 in transverse thrust.

By coupling the two rudder flaps 18, 19, the usable cross-section is reduced and therefore the use of the water jet is not optimal exhausted. However, this disadvantage is eliminated in that the rudder flap of the Side on which the water jet is to be deflected experiences a larger angle than the other rudder flap (see Fig. 8-10). An asymmetrical adjustment of the Rudder flaps 18, 19 are e.g. thereby achieved that the coupling rod 29 in a backdrop 34 is guided (Fig. 8-11).

The arranged in the bottom plate 5 of the housing 3 floor deflection grid 24 has one Center strut 35 (FIG. 5), between which and a frame 36 deflection fins 37, 38 are attached are. The water jet passes through the free spaces between the deflection fins 37, 38 101 with the deflection flap 20 closed towards the front in a slight oblique direction and generates the thrust for stop and reverse travel.

The individual deflection fins 37, 38 are arranged obliquely in a herringbone manner. They cause that the redirected water jet 101 divides into a fork, so that it is lighter Flows past on both sides of the water inlet 9. This is in accordance with the invention prevents the redirected water jet 101 from the normal inflow under the Keel of the watercraft 2 from the front into the flow channel 10 is too disturbing and that possibly still air taken up by the water jet directly to the Impeller 15 is transported and the thrust yield for stopping and reversing is unnecessarily affected.

To regulate the thrust in reverse without changing the impeller speed, especially when reversing and transversal thrust for maneuvering is changeable, it may be necessary to add the reverse impeller current dosing. It may also be required if this is according to the purpose and type of use of the watercraft 2 is necessary, the most complete implementation possible To cause transverse thrust and exclude a remaining thrust component in reverse travel. For this purpose, the exit surface of the floor deflection grid 24 is in accordance with the invention fully or partially lockable.

For this purpose, the deflection fins 37, 38 between the central strut 35 and frame 36 of the floor deflection grating 24 can be arranged as adjustable blind slats. So the passage opening reduced and thus the strength of the reverse current can be influenced.

If the deflection fins 37, 38 of the two sides are designed to be separately adjustable, then when reversing by changing the two water jet parts a sensitive Course influence can be made, which also avoids that a possibly disturbing Cross flow emerges sideways.

When driving ahead, the water jet sweeping over the floor deflection grid 24 causes 101 a suction effect, e.g. of water jet pumps is known. The additional sucked through the floor deflection grid 24 and accelerated by the water jet Masses of water have an advantageous effect on the thrust yield.

The deflection fins are used to further increase the water mass supplied to the water jet 37, 38, based on the waterline, staggered in height so that the deflecting fin 37, 38 following aft is somewhat lower than the one before it. This means that each fin "draws" additional water. It becomes water at the speed of the vehicle, which is then due to the described effect to increase thrust contributes and thus further increases the efficiency of the water jet drive 1.

If the water jet drive 1, as described above, in the corresponding watercraft 2 is installed so that the deflection flap 20 is lowered to the rear over the If the mirror of the watercraft 2 protrudes, it may be necessary that e.g. in continuation the top plate 6 and the bottom plate 5 a rear accident protection is provided. The same also applies to lateral, approximately vertical protection. Are there all parts required for accident protection are designed in this way and on the water jet drive or attached to the watercraft so that they do not get into the water jet when driving ahead protrude.

To reduce the installation space in the hull, but also for cost-effective design the containerized complete drive system can be provided according to the invention be that the drive motor 13 at least partially. on or next to the flow channel 10 is attached (shown in dashed lines in Fig.1) and the engine power via a clutch 40 is transmitted to drive shaft 14 by belt drive 41. This also results the advantage that the belt drive 41 is a vibration decoupling brings about, provides an advantageous reduction, which a special reduction gear makes redundant and reduces mechanical losses.

A further exemplary embodiment of FIG Invention described. The water jet drive designated 1 'is in contrast to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 further forward into the watercraft 2 'installed so that even when the deflection flap 20' is not lowered Mirror contour of the watercraft 2 'protrudes. In this embodiment, the Mirror 50 'of the watercraft 2' retracted for the cross flow, so that to the rear and the sides open (or leaking) niches 51, 52 arise for the cross flow (Fig. 13 and 16), which are formed tapering downwards as well as backwards.

In the water jet drive 1 'it is also provided that the flow channel 10' is designed such that the water can be fed horizontally from the front. This is outside in front of the front transverse wall 4 'of the container-like housing 3' Bottom plate 53 arranged on the one hand for carrying out, storing and sealing the Serves drive shaft and which on the other hand has inclined guide surfaces 54 (Fig.15), which this bottom plate 53 gives a funnel-shaped and tunnel-shaped contour on its underside and which adapts to the ends of the aisles and is connected to them.

In addition, in the lower area outside the front transverse wall 4 'of the container-like Housing 3 'a shoulder body 55 with outwardly sloping baffles 56 arranged, the neck body 55 a funnel-shaped inner jacket to lend. The outer jacket of the extension body 55 has conical outer contours that are fluid run towards the outer edges of the transverse wall 4 '.

The extension body 55 therefore forms a horizontal flow channel with the outer base plate 53 10 'with an oval water inlet 9' in a so-called wide shape.

The invention is of course not based on the exemplary embodiments described above limited. For example, in the horizontal water inlet 9 'of the Flow channel 10 'in front of the impeller 15' a support star 57 'for mounting the drive shaft 14 'can be arranged (Fig.14), the webs 58' are shaped such that they are a have a rectifying effect on the impeller flow.

Energy conversion from swirl-in is most expedient for water jet drives Flow energy in the guide vanes avoided or at least reduced to a minimum are in that the nozzle outlet 16 'has a substantially angular cross section, the inner contours of the propulsion housing 11 'in the transition region behind the circular cross section of the impeller 15 'to the substantially angular Form nozzle outlet 16 'guide surfaces 59, which are coiled such that these up to Convert jet outlet 16 'into swirl energy.

Such a configuration of the propulsion housing 11 'enables the container-shaped one Outer housing 3 'and thus the water jet drive 1' overall narrower and lighter being held.

Of course, at least in the jet drive and thus in the propulsion housing two impellers 15 'u. 15 "(Fig. 19 and 20). Then the first and the second impeller proportionately, about half each, in the power transmission and thus in the Swirl generation involved, so that the proportional swirl energy behind the first impeller a minimum number of guide vanes 30 "and those behind the second impeller without guide vanes is implemented only by means of appropriately coiled guide surfaces 59 "and so the risk of damage from foreign bodies even with a water jet drive in one two-stage design variant is as low as possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1,1 '

Water jet propulsion

2,2 '

water craft

3,3 '

casing

4,4 '

front bulkhead

5.5 '

baseplate

6.6 '

Top plate

7.8

side walls

9.9 '

water inlet

10.10 '

flow channel

11.11 '

tubular section, propulsion housing

12

opening

13

drive motor

14.14 '

drive shaft

15,15 ', 15 "

impeller

16.16 '

nozzle exit

17

guide

18.19

rudders

20.20 '

diverter

21

cover plate

22

sealing plate

23

chamber

24

Bodenumlenkgitter

25.26

tail fins

27.28

Axles (rudder flaps)

29

coupling rod

30.30 "

vane

31.32

outlet openings

34

scenery

35

Crossbar

36

frame

37.38

deflection fins

40

clutch

41

Belt drive, traction mechanism

48

Reversing gears

49

Inlet grille

50.50 '

mirror

51.52

American

53

outer base plate

54

Baffles

55

extension body

56

Control surfaces (approach)

57 '

Stützstem

58 '

web

59

Control surfaces (rectifier)

100

water

101

waterjet

Claims (19)

1. Water jet propulsion system for watercraft having the following features:

   a) the water jet propulsion system (1; 1') has a container-like housing (3; 3') which can be connected to watercraft (2; 2') and has a front transverse wall (4; 4'), a baseplate (5), a top plate (6) and two side walls (7, 8), and is connected at the front to a flow duct (10, 10') which holds a water inlet (9);

   b) a propulsion housing (11; 11') is provided in the housing (3; 3'), is connected to the flow duct (10; 10') via an opening (12) in the front transverse wall (4; 4') and has at least one impeller (15; 15'; 15") which can be rotated by a propulsion motor (13) about a horizontal propulsion shaft (14; 14'), at least one spin-converting device and one nozzle outlet (16; 16'), so that, when the water jet propulsion system (1; 1') is used correctly, the impeller (15; 15'; 15'') is supplied with water (100) through the flow duct (10; 10'), accelerates this water (100) and then ejects it at high speed through the nozzle outlet (16; 16');

   c) the water jet propulsion system (1; 1') furthermore has a guidance device (17), which is connected downstream from the nozzle outlet (16; 16'), is at least partially arranged in the container-like housing (3; 3') and has at least two side control surfaces (18, 19) which can be pivoted at the same time from a rest position to a side control position, and a deflection surface (20; 20') which can be pivoted into the water jet (101) and can be closed;

   d) the deflection surface (20; 20') and the two control surfaces (18, 19) together with the base plate (5) of the container-like housing (3; 3') and an upper cover plate (21), which is arranged in the housing (3; 3'), as well as a sealing plate (22) which is arranged vertically in the area of the nozzle outlet (16; 16') form a chamber (23), such that the water jet (101) which emerges from the nozzle outlet (16; 16') can be deflected forwards essentially only by means of a base deflection grating (24), which is provided in the baseplate (5), when the deflection surface (20; 20') is closed and the control surfaces (18, 19) are in their rest positions; and

   e) the deflection surface (20; 20') has side guide vanes (25, 26), which are designed such that, when the deflection surface (20; 20') is closed, and the control surfaces (18, 19) are pivoted away from their rest position, an enclosed outlet opening (31, 32) is formed between the respective guide vane (25, 26) and the corresponding control surface contour, through which the water jet (101) emerges controllably from the chamber (23) in the transverse direction, with the contour of the side walls (7, 8) of the container-like housing (3; 3') being selected in this area such that the water jet (101) is not impeded.
2. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flow duct (10') is designed such that the water can be supplied to it horizontally from the front and/or at least partially from both sides.
3. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 2, characterized in that an outer baseplate (53) is arranged on the outside in front of the front transverse wall (4') of the container-like housing (3') and has oblique guide surfaces (54) which give this baseplate (53) contours in the form of tunnels or funnels on its lower face.
4. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that an attachment body (55) with guide surfaces (56) which point obliquely outwards is arranged on the outside in front of the front transverse wall (4') of the container-like housing (3') and these guide surfaces (56) give the attachment body (55) an inner casing in the form of a funnel, and in that the outer casing of the attachment body (55) has conical guide surfaces which run in a streamlined form to the outer edges of the front transverse wall (4').
5. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the attachment body (55) together with the outer baseplate (53) forms a flow duct (10') for an oval water inlet (9') with the major axis horizontal.
6. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flow duct (10) is a housing part with a water inlet (9) which points downwards and opens in the form of a tube into a round opening (12) in the front transverse wall (4).
7. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a supporting star (57') as the bearing for the propulsion shaft (14') is arranged in the flow duct (10') upstream of the impeller (15'), and its webs (58') are shaped such that they exert a smoothing effect on the impeller incident flow.
8. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that guide vanes (30; 30''), which convert the spin energy to flow energy, are arranged in the propulsion housing (11') downstream from the impeller (15').
9. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the propulsion housing (11') has a circular cross section in the area of the impeller (15', 15''), and has an essentially polygonal cross section in the area of the nozzle outlet (16'), and in that the inner contours between the two cross-sectional shapes form guide surfaces (59) which are twisted such that the water (100) leaves the nozzle outlet (16') with less spin.
10. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 9, characterized in that two impellers (15', 15") with guide vanes (30 ") arranged between them are provided in the propulsion housing (11').
11. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that control surface (18, 19) of the guidance device (17) which is pivoted towards the side to be steered to in each case has a larger angle than the adjacent control surface (19, 18).
12. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the base deflection grating (24) which is provided in the baseplate (5) of the container-like housing (3; 3') has deflection vanes (37, 38) which are arranged in a herringbone pattern, such that the water jet (101) which is deflected back by the deflection surface (20; 20') is split, and at least partially bypasses the water inlet (9) of the flow duct (10; 10').
13. Water jet propulsion system according to Claim 12, characterized in that the herringbone-shaped deflection vanes (37, 38) of the base deflection grating (24) can be at least partially closed.
14. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the grating-like deflection vanes (37, 38) of the base deflection grating (24) are arranged staggered towards the rear end of the baseplate (5) such that the respective deflection vanes (37, 37) which follow towards the stern are located at a deeper level than those at the front, so that each of these deflection vanes (37, 38) can additionally receive water from underneath when the corresponding watercraft (2) is moving forwards.
15. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the propulsion motor (13) for the impeller (15) is fixed to the flow duct (10), with the power being transmitted to the propulsion shaft (14) by means of a traction transmission (41).
16. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the rear end of the baseplate (5') projects beyond the rear contour of the deflection surface (20'), and in that at least two vertical tubular supports are mounted in the rear area of the baseplate (5') and are supported at the top on the top plate (6'), or directly on the hull of the corresponding watercraft (2').
17. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the container-like housing (3; 3') and/or the flow duct (10; 10') are/is composed of steel, aluminium, of a fibre composite material or of a material which is produced in composite form from metal and plastic.
18. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the water jet propulsion system (1) is designed such that the control surfaces (18, 19) and the deflection surface (20) project beyond the water level at the stern of the watercraft (2) and beyond the side walls (7, 8) of the container-like housing (3) when the water jet propulsion system (1) is installed.
19. Water jet propulsion system according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the container-like housing (3'), together with the control surfaces located in it and with the deflection surface (20') end flush with the water level at the stern of the watercraft (2') when the water jet propulsion system (1') is installed, and recesses for the transverse flow are provided in the side walls on both sides, and merge into corresponding recesses (51, 52) in the watercraft.

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