EP0144860A2 - Ship's rudder carrying a propellor - Google Patents

Ship's rudder carrying a propellor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144860A2
EP0144860A2 EP84114062A EP84114062A EP0144860A2 EP 0144860 A2 EP0144860 A2 EP 0144860A2 EP 84114062 A EP84114062 A EP 84114062A EP 84114062 A EP84114062 A EP 84114062A EP 0144860 A2 EP0144860 A2 EP 0144860A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rudder
main
propeller
active
ship
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP84114062A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0144860A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr.-Ing. Kranert
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Publication of EP0144860A2 publication Critical patent/EP0144860A2/en
Publication of EP0144860A3 publication Critical patent/EP0144860A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/42Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active rudder for ships according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Active rudders have long been known as maneuvering aids for slow-moving ships. They are usually integrated into the main rudder and are fed from the traction network. They have been gradually replaced by the transverse thrusters.
  • idlers which are arranged as counter-propellers behind the main propeller and which make use of the swirl energy from the water jet of the main propeller for thrust generation.
  • the idler could not prevail as it caused a number of problems.
  • Worth mentioning, for example, is the required smoothness, which is achieved with spherical roller bearings. These are problematic in terms of maintenance in lake water. Another difficulty is seen in the fact that the main propeller and stator run close together and penetrating foreign bodies such as ice floes, steel cables, etc. can block both.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an active rudder of the type described in the introduction with which further energy savings for the auxiliary propeller drive can be achieved, course stability can be improved and the main rowing machine can be made smaller and therefore less expensive.
  • the energy-saving active rudder according to the invention is achieved in that the steering gear does not have to be extended for the purpose of traversing on 90 0 rudder angle.
  • the rudder angle and thus the inclination of the additional propeller against the main propeller the negative factors of a propeller inclined flow are largely avoided and the spin of the main propeller is linearized, thereby improving the rudder effect.
  • the maximum rudder angle for example to 60 °, the distance between the main and the additional propeller can be reduced.
  • Fig. 1 there is a main rudder 1 in the flow from the main propeller, shown as parallel arrows S. If the main rudder 1 is turned at a larger angle d to the longitudinal axis of the ship, it is shown that it loses its buoyancy due to boundary layer detachment in area A. , which reduces the rudder effect.
  • the effect of the active rudder just described can be increased if the main rudder 2 is provided with a controllable end flap 4.
  • the same pitch angle ⁇ and a pitch angle ⁇ for the end flap 4 are achieved so that the flow is guided around the rudder 2, so that the break-off point of the flow is shifted to substantially larger pitch angles.
  • the rudder angle ⁇ can become much smaller in order to achieve the same rudder transverse force. The effect is particularly noticeable if the active rudder is attached as a supplementary propeller behind a main propeller to save energy.
  • the energy-saving active rudder can be equipped with a rowing machine that has less than a 90 rudder adjustment, e.g. only 500. This drastically reduces the cost of the steering gear. The distance between the main and additional propellers can also be minimized.
  • the main rudder can be locked and only the end flap can be activated. If the required course correction cannot be eliminated despite the end flap being adjusted to its optimal value, this can be achieved by slightly adjusting the main rudder. This ensures a high rudder efficiency, since the level of the additional propeller is not or only slightly changed.
  • This type of control results in a reduction in resistance, a propulsion / thrust improvement and thus an energy saving.

Abstract

A ship's rudder carrying a propeller which constantly rotates with the main propeller. So that further energy can be saved for the auxiliary propeller drive, the course stability can be improved and the main rudder machine can be of smaller and less expensive construction, the propeller (3) of the active rudder is arranged in front of the leading edge of the main rudder (2), and the main rudder is provided with an end flap (4) which is adjusted in the same direction as the main rudder (2). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Aktivruder für Schiffe gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an active rudder for ships according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Aktivruder sind seit langem bekannt als Manovrierhilfen für langsam fahrende Schiffe. Sie sind normalerweise in das Hauptruder integriert und werden aus dem Fahrnetz gespeist. Sie sind durch die Querstrahlruder nach und nach verdrängt worden.Active rudders have long been known as maneuvering aids for slow-moving ships. They are usually integrated into the main rudder and are fed from the traction network. They have been gradually replaced by the transverse thrusters.

Ebenfalls bekannt sind sog. Leiträder, die als Kontrapropeller hinter dem Hauptpropeller angeordnet sind und die Drallenergie aus dem Wasserstrahl des Hauptpropellers für eine Schubgewinnung nutzbar machen. Mit einem Leitrad ist bisher lediglich das Forschungsschiff "Gauß" ausgerüstet worden, wie aus dem Bericht 10/69 des "Forschungszentrums des deutschen Schiffbaus" zu entnehmen ist. Das Leitrad konnte sich nicht durchsetzen, da es eine Reihe von Problemen mit sich brachte. Zu erwähnen ist beispielsweise die erforderliche Leichtgängigkeit, die mit Pendelrollenlagern erreicht wird. Diese sind im Seewasser hinsichtlich der Wartung problematisch. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit wird darin gesehen, daß Hauptpropeller und Leitrad dicht hintereinander laufen und eindringende Fremdkörper wie Eisschollen, Stahltrossen u.a. beide blockieren können.Also known are so-called idlers, which are arranged as counter-propellers behind the main propeller and which make use of the swirl energy from the water jet of the main propeller for thrust generation. So far, only the research ship "Gauß" has been equipped with a guide wheel, as can be seen from report 10/69 of the "Research Center of German Shipbuilding". The idler could not prevail as it caused a number of problems. Worth mentioning, for example, is the required smoothness, which is achieved with spherical roller bearings. These are problematic in terms of maintenance in lake water. Another difficulty is seen in the fact that the main propeller and stator run close together and penetrating foreign bodies such as ice floes, steel cables, etc. can block both.

Als Abhilfe ist in der DE-PA 12 n7 398.4 bereits vorgeschlagen worden, zwischen Hauptpropeller und Ruder einen Tandempropeller am Ruder fest zu installieren und als Kontrapropeller dauernd mitlaufen zu lassen. Gespeist wird der Antriebsmotor des Tandempropellers aus einer Wellenmaschine über eine elektrische Welle. Obgleich dieser Zusatzpropeller den Gesamtpropulsionswirkungsgrad und die Ruderwirkung erheblich verbessert, ist der technische Aufwand nicht zu vernachlässigen.As a remedy, DE-PA 12 n7 398.4 has already suggested that a tandem propeller be permanently installed at the rudder between the main propeller and the rudder and that it be continuously operated as a counter-propeller. The drive motor of the tandem propeller is fed from a wave machine via an electric shaft. Although this additional propeller significantly improves the overall propulsion efficiency and the rudder effect, the technical effort is not to be neglected.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Aktivruder der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, mit dem eine weitere Energieeinsparung für den Zusatzpropellerantrieb erreicht, die Kursstabilität verbessert und die Hauptrudermaschine kleiner und damit preisgünstiger gemacht werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide an active rudder of the type described in the introduction with which further energy savings for the auxiliary propeller drive can be achieved, course stability can be improved and the main rowing machine can be made smaller and therefore less expensive.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Mit dem energiesparenden Aktivruder nach der Erfindung wird erreicht, daß die Rudermaschine nicht mehr zum Zwecke des Traversierens auf 900 Ruderwinkel erweitert werden muß. Durch Verminderung des Ruderlagewinkels und damit der Schräglage des Zusatzpropellers gegen den Hauptpropeller werden die negativen Faktoren einer Propeller-Schräganströmung weitgehend vermieden und der Drall des Hauptpropellers linearisiert und dadurch die Ruderwirkung verbessert. Weiterhin kann durch Verringerung des maximalen Ruderlagewinkels, beispielsweise auf 60°, der Abstand zwischen dem Haupt- und dem Zusatzpropeller vermindert werden.With the energy-saving active rudder according to the invention is achieved in that the steering gear does not have to be extended for the purpose of traversing on 90 0 rudder angle. By reducing the rudder angle and thus the inclination of the additional propeller against the main propeller, the negative factors of a propeller inclined flow are largely avoided and the spin of the main propeller is linearized, thereby improving the rudder effect. Furthermore, by reducing the maximum rudder angle, for example to 60 °, the distance between the main and the additional propeller can be reduced.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung dargestellt.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt als Stand der Technik die Anströmung eines Hauptruders,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt einen vor dem Hauptruder angeordneten Zusatzpropeller und
  • Fig. 3 zeigt ein Hauptruder mit Zusatzpropeller und Endklappe.
In the drawing, an embodiment according to the invention is shown.
  • 1 shows the flow of a main rudder as prior art,
  • Fig. 2 shows an additional propeller and arranged in front of the main rudder
  • Fig. 3 shows a main rudder with additional propeller and end flap.

Nach Fig. 1 befindet sich ein Hauptruder 1 in der Anströmung aus dem Hauptpropeller, dargestellt als parallele Pfeile S. Wird das Hauptruder 1 unter einem größerem Winkel d zur Schiffslängsachse angestellt, so.zeigt sich, daß es seine Auftriebskraft durch Grenzschichtablösung im Bereich A verliert, wodurch die Ruderwirkung geringer wird.According to Fig. 1 there is a main rudder 1 in the flow from the main propeller, shown as parallel arrows S. If the main rudder 1 is turned at a larger angle d to the longitudinal axis of the ship, it is shown that it loses its buoyancy due to boundary layer detachment in area A. , which reduces the rudder effect.

Durch die Kombination eines Hauptruders 2 mit einem vor der Ruderkante angeordneten Aktivpropeller 3 gemäß Fig. 2 wird ähnlich wie bei der bekannten Kombination von Ruder und rotierendem Zylinder an der Eintrittskante erreicht, daß die Grenzschicht der Strömung bei Ruderlage und fahrendem Schiff wesentlich später abreißt. Das bedeutet, daß die Ruderwirkung erheblich verbessert wird dadurch, daß die Strömung aus dem Hauptpropeller durch den vor dem Hauptruder 2 laufenden Aktivpropeller 3 umgelenkt und annähernd parallel am Hauptruder entlang geführt wird.By combining a main rudder 2 with an active propeller 3 arranged in front of the rudder edge according to FIG. 2, similar to the known combination of rudder and rotating cylinder at the leading edge, the boundary layer of the flow breaks off much later when the rudder position and the ship is moving. This means that the rudder effect is considerably improved in that the flow from the main propeller is deflected by the active propeller 3 running in front of the main rudder 2 and is guided approximately parallel to the main rudder.

Das eben beschriebene Aktivruder kann gemäß Fig. 3 in seiner Wirkung noch gesteigert werden, wenn das Hauptruder 2 mit einer ansteuerbaren Endklappe 4 versehen wird. Hierdurch wird hei gleichem Anstellwinkel α und einem Anstellwinkel β für die Endklappe 4 erreicht, daß die Strömung quasi um das Ruder 2 herumgeführt wird, der Abreißpunkt der Strömung also zu wesentlich größeren Anstellwinkeln verschoben wird. Zur Erzielung einer gleichen Ruderquerkraft kann demnach der Ruderwinkel α sehr viel kleiner werden. Der Effekt wird besonders auffällig, wenn das Aktivruder als Zusatzpropeller hinter einem Hauptpropeller zur Energieeinsparung kontrarotierend angebracht ist.3, the effect of the active rudder just described can be increased if the main rudder 2 is provided with a controllable end flap 4. As a result, the same pitch angle α and a pitch angle β for the end flap 4 are achieved so that the flow is guided around the rudder 2, so that the break-off point of the flow is shifted to substantially larger pitch angles. Accordingly, the rudder angle α can become much smaller in order to achieve the same rudder transverse force. The effect is particularly noticeable if the active rudder is attached as a supplementary propeller behind a main propeller to save energy.

Das energiesparende Aktivruder kann mit einer Rudermaschine ausgerüstet sein, die weniger als eine 90 -Ruderverstellung, z.B. nur 500, bewirkt. Dadurch werden die Kosten für die Ruderanlage drastisch verringert. Auch kann damit der Abstand zwischen Haupt- und Zusatzpropeller minimiert werden.The energy-saving active rudder can be equipped with a rowing machine that has less than a 90 rudder adjustment, e.g. only 500. This drastically reduces the cost of the steering gear. The distance between the main and additional propellers can also be minimized.

Für kleine Kurskorrekturen kann das Hauptruder arretiert und nur die Endklappe angesteuert werden. Sollte trotz Aussteuerung der Endklappe bis zu ihrem optimalen Wert die erforderliche Kurskorrektur nicht beseitigt werden können, wird diese durch geringes Nachregeln des Hauptruders erreicht. Hierdurch wird ein hoher Ruderwirkungsgrad sichergestellt, da die Ebene des Zusatzpropellers nicht oder nur geringfügig verändert wird.For small course corrections, the main rudder can be locked and only the end flap can be activated. If the required course correction cannot be eliminated despite the end flap being adjusted to its optimal value, this can be achieved by slightly adjusting the main rudder. This ensures a high rudder efficiency, since the level of the additional propeller is not or only slightly changed.

Diese Art der Ansteuerung bewirkt eine Widerstandsverminderung, eine Vortrieb/Schubverbesserung und damit eine Energieeinsparung.This type of control results in a reduction in resistance, a propulsion / thrust improvement and thus an energy saving.

Claims (3)

1. Aktivruder für Schiffe, dessen Propeller ständig mit dem Hauptpropeller mitläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Propeller (3) des Aktivruders vor der Vorderkante des Hauptruders (2) angeordnet und das Hauptruder mit einer Endklappe (4) versehen ist, die gleichsinnig mit dem Hauptruder verstellt wird.1. Active rudder for ships, whose propeller constantly rotates with the main propeller, characterized in that the propeller (3) of the active rudder is arranged in front of the front edge of the main rudder (2) and the main rudder is provided with an end flap (4) which is in the same direction as the Main rudder is adjusted. 2. Aktivruder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für kleine Kurskorrekturen, bei arretiertem Hauptruder, die Endklappe vorgesehen ist.2. Active rudder according to claim 1, characterized in that the end flap is provided for small course corrections when the main rudder is locked. 3. Aktivruder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Kurskorrekturen erst die Endklappe bis zu einem optimalen Wert ausgesteuert wird ehe das Hauptruder bewegt wird.3. Active rudder according to claim 2, characterized in that only the end flap is adjusted to an optimal value for course corrections before the main rudder is moved.
EP84114062A 1983-12-06 1984-11-22 Ship's rudder carrying a propellor Withdrawn EP0144860A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833344017 DE3344017A1 (en) 1983-12-06 1983-12-06 ACTIVE OARDS FOR SHIPS
DE3344017 1983-12-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0144860A2 true EP0144860A2 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0144860A3 EP0144860A3 (en) 1987-08-19

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EP84114062A Withdrawn EP0144860A3 (en) 1983-12-06 1984-11-22 Ship's rudder carrying a propellor

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EP (1) EP0144860A3 (en)
DE (1) DE3344017A1 (en)
FI (1) FI79679C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2163472A1 (en) 2008-09-12 2010-03-17 Wärtsilä Netherlands B.V. Propulsion and steering arrangement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012105078A1 (en) 2012-06-12 2013-12-12 Kokinetics Gmbh Adjuster for rudder blade of outboard motor at watercrafts, has motor, stator, rotor and turning sliding unit fixed with uni-axial structure, spindle bar driving turning sliding unit, and pipe fixed with rotor and stator
DE202012102153U1 (en) 2012-06-12 2012-10-11 Kokinetics Gmbh Adjustment device for a rudder blade or an outboard motor on vessels

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT365529B (en) * 1977-03-05 1982-01-25 Becker Ingbuero W DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A FLUID BODY consisting of a main rudder and a fin connected to this pivotable pivot for controlling a watercraft
DE3207398A1 (en) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Ship propulsion plant with a main and an auxiliary propeller

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2060533B (en) * 1979-10-02 1983-05-05 Rudd K N Steering arrangement for watercraft
DE3150992A1 (en) * 1981-01-15 1983-07-14 Jastram-Werke GmbH & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Rudder for vessels

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT365529B (en) * 1977-03-05 1982-01-25 Becker Ingbuero W DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A FLUID BODY consisting of a main rudder and a fin connected to this pivotable pivot for controlling a watercraft
DE3207398A1 (en) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Ship propulsion plant with a main and an auxiliary propeller

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2163472A1 (en) 2008-09-12 2010-03-17 Wärtsilä Netherlands B.V. Propulsion and steering arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI79679C (en) 1990-02-12
DE3344017A1 (en) 1985-06-20
EP0144860A3 (en) 1987-08-19
FI844759L (en) 1985-06-07
FI79679B (en) 1989-10-31
FI844759A0 (en) 1984-12-03

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