EP0144860A2 - Ship's rudder carrying a propellor - Google Patents
Ship's rudder carrying a propellor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0144860A2 EP0144860A2 EP84114062A EP84114062A EP0144860A2 EP 0144860 A2 EP0144860 A2 EP 0144860A2 EP 84114062 A EP84114062 A EP 84114062A EP 84114062 A EP84114062 A EP 84114062A EP 0144860 A2 EP0144860 A2 EP 0144860A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rudder
- main
- propeller
- active
- ship
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active rudder for ships according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Active rudders have long been known as maneuvering aids for slow-moving ships. They are usually integrated into the main rudder and are fed from the traction network. They have been gradually replaced by the transverse thrusters.
- idlers which are arranged as counter-propellers behind the main propeller and which make use of the swirl energy from the water jet of the main propeller for thrust generation.
- the idler could not prevail as it caused a number of problems.
- Worth mentioning, for example, is the required smoothness, which is achieved with spherical roller bearings. These are problematic in terms of maintenance in lake water. Another difficulty is seen in the fact that the main propeller and stator run close together and penetrating foreign bodies such as ice floes, steel cables, etc. can block both.
- the object of the invention is to provide an active rudder of the type described in the introduction with which further energy savings for the auxiliary propeller drive can be achieved, course stability can be improved and the main rowing machine can be made smaller and therefore less expensive.
- the energy-saving active rudder according to the invention is achieved in that the steering gear does not have to be extended for the purpose of traversing on 90 0 rudder angle.
- the rudder angle and thus the inclination of the additional propeller against the main propeller the negative factors of a propeller inclined flow are largely avoided and the spin of the main propeller is linearized, thereby improving the rudder effect.
- the maximum rudder angle for example to 60 °, the distance between the main and the additional propeller can be reduced.
- Fig. 1 there is a main rudder 1 in the flow from the main propeller, shown as parallel arrows S. If the main rudder 1 is turned at a larger angle d to the longitudinal axis of the ship, it is shown that it loses its buoyancy due to boundary layer detachment in area A. , which reduces the rudder effect.
- the effect of the active rudder just described can be increased if the main rudder 2 is provided with a controllable end flap 4.
- the same pitch angle ⁇ and a pitch angle ⁇ for the end flap 4 are achieved so that the flow is guided around the rudder 2, so that the break-off point of the flow is shifted to substantially larger pitch angles.
- the rudder angle ⁇ can become much smaller in order to achieve the same rudder transverse force. The effect is particularly noticeable if the active rudder is attached as a supplementary propeller behind a main propeller to save energy.
- the energy-saving active rudder can be equipped with a rowing machine that has less than a 90 rudder adjustment, e.g. only 500. This drastically reduces the cost of the steering gear. The distance between the main and additional propellers can also be minimized.
- the main rudder can be locked and only the end flap can be activated. If the required course correction cannot be eliminated despite the end flap being adjusted to its optimal value, this can be achieved by slightly adjusting the main rudder. This ensures a high rudder efficiency, since the level of the additional propeller is not or only slightly changed.
- This type of control results in a reduction in resistance, a propulsion / thrust improvement and thus an energy saving.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Aktivruder für Schiffe gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an active rudder for ships according to the features of the preamble of
Aktivruder sind seit langem bekannt als Manovrierhilfen für langsam fahrende Schiffe. Sie sind normalerweise in das Hauptruder integriert und werden aus dem Fahrnetz gespeist. Sie sind durch die Querstrahlruder nach und nach verdrängt worden.Active rudders have long been known as maneuvering aids for slow-moving ships. They are usually integrated into the main rudder and are fed from the traction network. They have been gradually replaced by the transverse thrusters.
Ebenfalls bekannt sind sog. Leiträder, die als Kontrapropeller hinter dem Hauptpropeller angeordnet sind und die Drallenergie aus dem Wasserstrahl des Hauptpropellers für eine Schubgewinnung nutzbar machen. Mit einem Leitrad ist bisher lediglich das Forschungsschiff "Gauß" ausgerüstet worden, wie aus dem Bericht 10/69 des "Forschungszentrums des deutschen Schiffbaus" zu entnehmen ist. Das Leitrad konnte sich nicht durchsetzen, da es eine Reihe von Problemen mit sich brachte. Zu erwähnen ist beispielsweise die erforderliche Leichtgängigkeit, die mit Pendelrollenlagern erreicht wird. Diese sind im Seewasser hinsichtlich der Wartung problematisch. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit wird darin gesehen, daß Hauptpropeller und Leitrad dicht hintereinander laufen und eindringende Fremdkörper wie Eisschollen, Stahltrossen u.a. beide blockieren können.Also known are so-called idlers, which are arranged as counter-propellers behind the main propeller and which make use of the swirl energy from the water jet of the main propeller for thrust generation. So far, only the research ship "Gauß" has been equipped with a guide wheel, as can be seen from report 10/69 of the "Research Center of German Shipbuilding". The idler could not prevail as it caused a number of problems. Worth mentioning, for example, is the required smoothness, which is achieved with spherical roller bearings. These are problematic in terms of maintenance in lake water. Another difficulty is seen in the fact that the main propeller and stator run close together and penetrating foreign bodies such as ice floes, steel cables, etc. can block both.
Als Abhilfe ist in der DE-PA 12 n7 398.4 bereits vorgeschlagen worden, zwischen Hauptpropeller und Ruder einen Tandempropeller am Ruder fest zu installieren und als Kontrapropeller dauernd mitlaufen zu lassen. Gespeist wird der Antriebsmotor des Tandempropellers aus einer Wellenmaschine über eine elektrische Welle. Obgleich dieser Zusatzpropeller den Gesamtpropulsionswirkungsgrad und die Ruderwirkung erheblich verbessert, ist der technische Aufwand nicht zu vernachlässigen.As a remedy, DE-PA 12 n7 398.4 has already suggested that a tandem propeller be permanently installed at the rudder between the main propeller and the rudder and that it be continuously operated as a counter-propeller. The drive motor of the tandem propeller is fed from a wave machine via an electric shaft. Although this additional propeller significantly improves the overall propulsion efficiency and the rudder effect, the technical effort is not to be neglected.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Aktivruder der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, mit dem eine weitere Energieeinsparung für den Zusatzpropellerantrieb erreicht, die Kursstabilität verbessert und die Hauptrudermaschine kleiner und damit preisgünstiger gemacht werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide an active rudder of the type described in the introduction with which further energy savings for the auxiliary propeller drive can be achieved, course stability can be improved and the main rowing machine can be made smaller and therefore less expensive.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of
Mit dem energiesparenden Aktivruder nach der Erfindung wird erreicht, daß die Rudermaschine nicht mehr zum Zwecke des Traversierens auf 900 Ruderwinkel erweitert werden muß. Durch Verminderung des Ruderlagewinkels und damit der Schräglage des Zusatzpropellers gegen den Hauptpropeller werden die negativen Faktoren einer Propeller-Schräganströmung weitgehend vermieden und der Drall des Hauptpropellers linearisiert und dadurch die Ruderwirkung verbessert. Weiterhin kann durch Verringerung des maximalen Ruderlagewinkels, beispielsweise auf 60°, der Abstand zwischen dem Haupt- und dem Zusatzpropeller vermindert werden.With the energy-saving active rudder according to the invention is achieved in that the steering gear does not have to be extended for the purpose of traversing on 90 0 rudder angle. By reducing the rudder angle and thus the inclination of the additional propeller against the main propeller, the negative factors of a propeller inclined flow are largely avoided and the spin of the main propeller is linearized, thereby improving the rudder effect. Furthermore, by reducing the maximum rudder angle, for example to 60 °, the distance between the main and the additional propeller can be reduced.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung dargestellt.
- Fig. 1 zeigt als Stand der Technik die Anströmung eines Hauptruders,
- Fig. 2 zeigt einen vor dem Hauptruder angeordneten Zusatzpropeller und
- Fig. 3 zeigt ein Hauptruder mit Zusatzpropeller und Endklappe.
- 1 shows the flow of a main rudder as prior art,
- Fig. 2 shows an additional propeller and arranged in front of the main rudder
- Fig. 3 shows a main rudder with additional propeller and end flap.
Nach Fig. 1 befindet sich ein Hauptruder 1 in der Anströmung aus dem Hauptpropeller, dargestellt als parallele Pfeile S. Wird das Hauptruder 1 unter einem größerem Winkel d zur Schiffslängsachse angestellt, so.zeigt sich, daß es seine Auftriebskraft durch Grenzschichtablösung im Bereich A verliert, wodurch die Ruderwirkung geringer wird.According to Fig. 1 there is a
Durch die Kombination eines Hauptruders 2 mit einem vor der Ruderkante angeordneten Aktivpropeller 3 gemäß Fig. 2 wird ähnlich wie bei der bekannten Kombination von Ruder und rotierendem Zylinder an der Eintrittskante erreicht, daß die Grenzschicht der Strömung bei Ruderlage und fahrendem Schiff wesentlich später abreißt. Das bedeutet, daß die Ruderwirkung erheblich verbessert wird dadurch, daß die Strömung aus dem Hauptpropeller durch den vor dem Hauptruder 2 laufenden Aktivpropeller 3 umgelenkt und annähernd parallel am Hauptruder entlang geführt wird.By combining a
Das eben beschriebene Aktivruder kann gemäß Fig. 3 in seiner Wirkung noch gesteigert werden, wenn das Hauptruder 2 mit einer ansteuerbaren Endklappe 4 versehen wird. Hierdurch wird hei gleichem Anstellwinkel α und einem Anstellwinkel β für die Endklappe 4 erreicht, daß die Strömung quasi um das Ruder 2 herumgeführt wird, der Abreißpunkt der Strömung also zu wesentlich größeren Anstellwinkeln verschoben wird. Zur Erzielung einer gleichen Ruderquerkraft kann demnach der Ruderwinkel α sehr viel kleiner werden. Der Effekt wird besonders auffällig, wenn das Aktivruder als Zusatzpropeller hinter einem Hauptpropeller zur Energieeinsparung kontrarotierend angebracht ist.3, the effect of the active rudder just described can be increased if the
Das energiesparende Aktivruder kann mit einer Rudermaschine ausgerüstet sein, die weniger als eine 90 -Ruderverstellung, z.B. nur 500, bewirkt. Dadurch werden die Kosten für die Ruderanlage drastisch verringert. Auch kann damit der Abstand zwischen Haupt- und Zusatzpropeller minimiert werden.The energy-saving active rudder can be equipped with a rowing machine that has less than a 90 rudder adjustment, e.g. only 500. This drastically reduces the cost of the steering gear. The distance between the main and additional propellers can also be minimized.
Für kleine Kurskorrekturen kann das Hauptruder arretiert und nur die Endklappe angesteuert werden. Sollte trotz Aussteuerung der Endklappe bis zu ihrem optimalen Wert die erforderliche Kurskorrektur nicht beseitigt werden können, wird diese durch geringes Nachregeln des Hauptruders erreicht. Hierdurch wird ein hoher Ruderwirkungsgrad sichergestellt, da die Ebene des Zusatzpropellers nicht oder nur geringfügig verändert wird.For small course corrections, the main rudder can be locked and only the end flap can be activated. If the required course correction cannot be eliminated despite the end flap being adjusted to its optimal value, this can be achieved by slightly adjusting the main rudder. This ensures a high rudder efficiency, since the level of the additional propeller is not or only slightly changed.
Diese Art der Ansteuerung bewirkt eine Widerstandsverminderung, eine Vortrieb/Schubverbesserung und damit eine Energieeinsparung.This type of control results in a reduction in resistance, a propulsion / thrust improvement and thus an energy saving.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833344017 DE3344017A1 (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1983-12-06 | ACTIVE OARDS FOR SHIPS |
DE3344017 | 1983-12-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0144860A2 true EP0144860A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
EP0144860A3 EP0144860A3 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
Family
ID=6216143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84114062A Withdrawn EP0144860A3 (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1984-11-22 | Ship's rudder carrying a propellor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0144860A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3344017A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI79679C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2163472A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-17 | Wärtsilä Netherlands B.V. | Propulsion and steering arrangement |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012105078A1 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-12 | Kokinetics Gmbh | Adjuster for rudder blade of outboard motor at watercrafts, has motor, stator, rotor and turning sliding unit fixed with uni-axial structure, spindle bar driving turning sliding unit, and pipe fixed with rotor and stator |
DE202012102153U1 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-11 | Kokinetics Gmbh | Adjustment device for a rudder blade or an outboard motor on vessels |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT365529B (en) * | 1977-03-05 | 1982-01-25 | Becker Ingbuero W | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A FLUID BODY consisting of a main rudder and a fin connected to this pivotable pivot for controlling a watercraft |
DE3207398A1 (en) * | 1982-03-02 | 1983-09-22 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Ship propulsion plant with a main and an auxiliary propeller |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2060533B (en) * | 1979-10-02 | 1983-05-05 | Rudd K N | Steering arrangement for watercraft |
DE3150992A1 (en) * | 1981-01-15 | 1983-07-14 | Jastram-Werke GmbH & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg | Rudder for vessels |
-
1983
- 1983-12-06 DE DE19833344017 patent/DE3344017A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1984
- 1984-11-22 EP EP84114062A patent/EP0144860A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-12-03 FI FI844759A patent/FI79679C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT365529B (en) * | 1977-03-05 | 1982-01-25 | Becker Ingbuero W | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A FLUID BODY consisting of a main rudder and a fin connected to this pivotable pivot for controlling a watercraft |
DE3207398A1 (en) * | 1982-03-02 | 1983-09-22 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Ship propulsion plant with a main and an auxiliary propeller |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2163472A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-17 | Wärtsilä Netherlands B.V. | Propulsion and steering arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI79679C (en) | 1990-02-12 |
DE3344017A1 (en) | 1985-06-20 |
EP0144860A3 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
FI844759L (en) | 1985-06-07 |
FI79679B (en) | 1989-10-31 |
FI844759A0 (en) | 1984-12-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE FR GB IT NL SE |
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PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): BE FR GB IT NL SE |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880212 |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890512 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19900322 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: KRANERT, KLAUS, DR.-ING. |