DE7814554U1 - Object armoured against projectiles, splinters, missiles or the like by at least one armoured wall, in particular a battle tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armoured vehicle or the like. - Google Patents

Description

An object protected against projectiles, fragments, missiles, etc. by at least one armored vane, in particular a battle tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armored vehicle, etc.

State of the art

As a rule, the greatest importance is attached to the ballistic protection of armored objects. For example, a special tempered steel with high hardness and relatively good toughness is used to armour the casing of battle tanks or similar. Investigations into special tempered steels have shown that, for certain sheet thicknesses, the ballistic resistance increases with increasing hardness. It has also been proven that bulkhead armor offers better ballistic protection against certain types of projectiles if one or at least one of the walls is very hard.

However, the use of extremely hard sheets in the construction of armor has so far been limited, as this steel can only be welded to a limited extent. Even when using sheets with a HB 30 or higher of 450 kp/mm2, welding difficulties arise, which can lead to significant cracking in various construction areas during production, especially in weld seam areas. The use of armor sheets with these hardnesses is state of the art, particularly for bulkhead armor for battle tanks. Cracking can also occur after the equipment has been put into operation and can therefore call into question functions such as ABC tightness, immersion tightness, etc. The cracking, which is mainly caused by the introduction of welding heat in the welding processes normally used, increases with increasing hardness of the armor steel used, which in turn is beneficial for the ballistic protection of the object in question. Any cracks that may occur in the weld seam areas are so pronounced when the equipment is fired upon that, particularly in bulkhead armor, cracks allowing light to pass through can occur along the entire length of the armor wall.

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To remedy the situation, the following countermeasures have been taken so far:

a) Grinding, grouting and filling of cracks;

b) filling the cracks with foreign substances;

c) Modification of the armor plates, in particular reduction of the hardness of the armor steel used, whereby the thickness of the plate was increased accordingly in order to maintain ballistic protection.

The countermeasures listed under b) were mainly used on the devices that had already been fully assembled.

In contrast, the countermeasures listed under c) were used where no known measure in production resulted in a reduction in crack formation.

The cracking described above is particularly common when welding parts to extremely hard tempered special steels, which must be provided with an all-round weld seam for reasons of strength. Here too, the local introduction of high heat is a major cause of cracking.

Welded points on the inside of the vehicle are at risk of coming loose when a projectile hits them and releasing their kinetic energy into the vehicle interior.

In armored vehicles, especially tracked vehicles, noise pollution for the occupants remains another major problem. The vehicle engine and the vehicle running gear in particular are sources of noise against which noise reduction measures are rarely effective. Despite all the measures to reduce welding stress, the welded armored hull acts as a resonance housing and increases noise pollution considerably.

Another problem is that in welded armored casings it has not yet been possible to combine non-ferrous metals, e.g. aluminum alloys, plastics and sandwich structures, etc., using composite materials to form a solid connection (not screwed or riveted) with armored steel sheets to form load-bearing structures.

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Task

The invention is based on the object of creating an armored object, in particular a tracked vehicle, such as a battle tank, an infantry fighting vehicle, armored vehicle or the like, in which the armored steel sheets used to ensure fire resistance can be arranged without any problems. In particular, sheets made of armored steel are to be used which were previously unusable due to their extreme hardness. The invention is therefore based on the object of being able to use armored steel sheets made of any high-hardness tempered special steel, not only as armored walls facing the fire, but the invention is also intended to open up the possibility of bringing inner walls, stiffeners, brackets or other parts made of high-hardness armored steel into their assembly position. The arrangement of parts made of non-ferrous metal or plastic on the inside and/or outside of such extremely hard armored walls should also be possible. Finally, the new armored object should be constructed with better sound insulation than before, whereby at least a sufficiently good attenuation of fire should be achieved, with overall simplification of production, easy repair of the parts and economical implementation of production and/or assembly.

Solution

The rather complex problem specified above is completely solved by the features set out in claim 1.

Some advantages.·

When applying the teaching according to the invention, it is no longer necessary - as was previously the case - to take into account any weldability. Rather, the armored walls can, if necessary, be designed exclusively according to their bullet resistance, i.e. extremely hard, highly tempered special steels can be used, which could not previously be processed because they were not weldable or only partially weldable. As a result,

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Using the solution proposed according to the invention, with the same wall thickness of the armored walls, either the bullet resistance can be increased considerably by using even harder special steels, or the wall thickness can be reduced accordingly while maintaining the same bullet resistance, which leads to a not insignificant reduction in the total weight of the armored object in question. The latter is a notable advantage, especially with mobile armored objects, especially with motor-driven vehicles, primarily tracked vehicles.

The invention also simplifies production because the armor walls can be arranged in their functional position without the need for welds or any screws or other metal fastening elements. This can be done relatively quickly when the invention is implemented compared to conventional production methods. For example, when non-metallic, dimensionally stable, vibration-, sound- and shock-absorbing bodies are used to arrange the armor walls, it is possible to make them interchangeable. This opens up the possibility of adapting tracked vehicles with different reinforcements, for example, depending on the operating conditions, because the non-metallic bodies can easily be designed in such a way that, in contrast to welds, for example, the armor walls of battle tanks, for example, can be designed to be interchangeable. In this way, it is possible, for example, to use tracked vehicles in peacetime with different reinforcements than is required in times of crisis. It is also possible to deceive the enemy about the true purpose of tracked vehicles, such as battle tanks, by using suitable adaptations, by placing dummies or partial dummies through the non-metallic bodies, which do not reveal the true shape and/or purpose of such vehicles.

In this way, it is also possible to carry out repairs relatively easily, since entire tank walls or the entire armouring of an object designed as a battle tank, for example, can be designed as exchangeable units.

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Basically, when designing previously welded tank casings, these casings should be divided into the two most important task areas, as they are also available from the customer when determining the specifications and in accordance with the military requirements in the future. The first area includes the tank wall parts, which have the main function of "power transmission tasks" that come from the engine and running gear at the front and also from the weapon system. The second area takes on the "gunfire safety tasks". This second area is usually divided in such a way that it is assigned to different ballistic protection tasks in the height and flank areas. The first area must not only be fully available for the vehicle functions as a basic unit, but must also simultaneously take on the support functions for the protective task parts. The support system must offer the possibility of not only accommodating the closed all-round protection as a wall system, but also be able to accommodate additional protective devices in any alternation, both fixed and detachable, both outside and inside.

When designed according to the invention, the "force transmission tasks"^ can be taken over by the supporting structure, which in a way represents the basic framework of an armored object designed as a battle tank, for example, while the "gunfire safety tasks" are fulfilled by the armored walls arranged in an adaptable manner in the skeleton-like supporting structure. According to the invention, these armored walls can be installed in their functional positions without introducing heat, so that no problems arise due to undesirable tensions.

In this way, it is also possible to provide parts inside and outside the tank casing, which can be replaced or removed if necessary. If these parts are arranged on the rib-like supporting structure, for example, then good damping is also provided when fired upon, so that the danger to the occupants from such parts can be significantly reduced.

Since the armored walls and other internal and/or external parts of the equipment are arranged in a vibration-damped manner via the non-metallic bodies, the structure-borne noise is also significantly reduced because the individual elements of the resonance body "armored housing" do not

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are no longer connected in a metallically conductive manner.

An object armored according to the invention, in particular an armored tracked vehicle, can be manufactured economically using the teaching according to the invention.

Cheerful implementation forums

Claim 2 describes further advantageous embodiments. If the non-metallic body is arranged in a form-fitting manner on or in the supporting structure, then on the one hand the non-metallic body is well supported, i.e. is practically not subjected to shear stress, while on the other hand impact stresses, for example due to gunfire, are transferred favorably from the armored wall to the non-metallic body and from there to the supporting structure. The non-metallic body can also be arranged in the supporting structure in a force-fitting manner, for example frictionally or in a manner to be described.

Particularly advantageous are embodiments in which, according to claim 3, the non-metallic body consists of a suitable rubber-like elastomer. This material can be largely adapted to the requirements of practice, so that it can withstand all stresses practically without maintenance. A particular advantage is that non-metallic bodies consisting of elastomers can be relatively easily,

for example by injection moulding or extrusion.

According to claim 4, a further embodiment consists in that the elastomer is installed as a dimensionally stable body during assembly.

According to claim 5, this non-metallic body can also be brought into its assembly position in a reactive state, e.g. as a quasi-liquid, as a paste or as an adhesive. In this way, it is possible, for example, to bring the armored wall in question into its assembly position in relation to the supporting structure in a suitable manner and to inject or pour the elastomer into the cavities provided for fastening. If the non-metallic body is brought into its assembly position, for example as a paste or as a quasi-liquid,

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If the armor plate is inserted into the mold, the armor plate in question can be held in the assembly position in a suitable manner and the relevant plastic or adhesive can be injected or poured into the cavities provided. The armor plate is then conveniently locked in place until the adhesive or plastic has achieved the required dimensional stability, for example by hardening and/or cross-linking. If a reactive synthetic resin is used, it is advisable to ensure that even after hardening, the non-metallic body has a sufficient degree of damping capacity, residual elasticity and cold flexibility, i.e. that it is made of a material that does not tend to crumble, crack or burst under the influence of continuous operation, for example due to vibrations or sudden stress on the armor plate in question as a result of projectile hits.

If the armored walls are attached to the supporting structure using a suitable adhesive or a plastic that is applied as a quasi-liquid or as a paste, it is advisable to carefully prepare the joints, i.e. the surface areas of the supporting structure and the wall areas of the armored wall intended for this purpose. The surfaces must be sufficiently roughened and cleaned, particularly when bonding using a suitable metal adhesive. The adhesive or the plastic applied in a reactive state should also not be applied to just one side, i.e. to one surface. Instead, the wall areas to be connected should be coated with the relevant adhesive or plastic, since, for example, if the adhesive is applied on both sides, the contact ability of the adhesive bond is significantly increased by the better filling of the adhesive gaps.

If a synthetic resin that can be cured with sufficient residual elasticity is used, care must be taken to ensure that the adhesive components used are well mixed and that the ambient temperature is sufficiently high during the mixing process.

It is also recommended to adjust the armored wall in relation to the supporting structure with as constant a gap width as possible; so that the adhesive seam or the plastic seam has as constant a thickness as possible or cross-sectional changes occur as gradually and gently as possible.

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The cleanliness of the metal surfaces to be bonded, for example, can be easily checked using a scanning device that has been tried and tested in aircraft construction, using the electron emission method. A further check of an adhesive bond is possible using a bond tester that works using the ultrasonic resonance method, whereby it is easy to determine whether a bond has been made at all points.

Finally, when using adhesive as a non-metallic body, it may be advisable to seal the adhesive seams to the outside.

Of particular advantage is the use of a non-metallic body made of an elastomer, as described in claim 6. A non-metallic body designed in this way can be used with particular advantage in tracked vehicles, for example in battle tanks or the like.

Elastomers that have these favorable properties are found particularly in the group of chloroprene rubbers or in the group of polychloroprene rubbers. Chloroprene rubbers come almost ideally close to the requirements that are placed on an optimal rubber-like elastomer. Chloroprene rubbers have a particularly wide range of flexibility and excellent heat resistance. Furthermore, chloroprene rubbers, as proposed to implement the teaching according to the invention, are insensitive to all known aggressive industrial atmospheres, but are also not impaired in their functionality by the effects of ozone. The non-metallic bodies made of chloroprene rubber proposed according to the invention have a long service life, which can considerably exceed the service life of armored vehicles. During the entire service life, non-metallic bodies made of polychloroprene rubber do not require any maintenance, whereby the non-metallic bodies retain their very high elasticity throughout their entire service life. Depending on their hardness, they are more or less easily deformable, but have strong restoring forces, which can achieve reliable damping and energy absorption even when directly hit. It is recommended that the elastomer used is at least flame-retardant, i.e.

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a body only burns as long as it is exposed to the direct effect of an open flame, but after the flame has gone out it has no tendency to continue burning on its own. Despite their good elastic properties, chloroprene rubbers are flexible at low temperatures, so that they do not become brittle even at low winter temperatures and retain their damping capacity. It is entirely possible to form the non-metallic body from layers of different hardness and/or pore configurations. For example, low degrees of hardness of an elastomer can be achieved by using a layer of foam rubber profiles made from the same or a similar elastomer, which is arranged in a type of sandwich construction on another layer of elastomer material or is integrally bonded to this layer using a suitable adhesive.

If necessary, suitable cross-linking additives, e.g. an isocyanate, can be added to a suitable synthetic adhesive, for example based on chloroprene rubber, to increase the heat resistance. Claim 8 provides a more detailed teaching on planned and technical action.

Claim 9 describes an embodiment in which the dimensionally stable, non-metallic body is attached to or in the supporting structure using a suitable adhesive.

As already described above, the main function of "power transmission tasks" can be taken over by a suitable supporting structure. A design in which the supporting structure is designed as a skeleton or lattice is particularly recommended for tracked vehicles. The skeleton or lattice-shaped supporting structure thus represents the basic structure, which can be adapted with the necessary reinforcement depending on the operating conditions.

In the embodiment according to claim 11, the armored wall can be installed easily and quickly, but can also be replaced just as quickly if necessary.

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Claim 12 describes a particularly advantageous embodiment in which the edge areas of an armored wall are surrounded on three sides by the non-metallic body. As a result, the non-metallic body, for example a suitable elastomer, grips the edge of a sheet of extremely hard armored steel like a pair of pliers and clamps it in the supporting structure in a way that is somewhat elastic and dampens it and is practically stress-free.

A supporting structure according to claim 13 enables the arrangement of an armored wall which is not only able to ensure the required protection against bullets, but the channel-shaped supporting elements also enable an easy and quick replacement of armored walls, since these only need to be pushed and/or swiveled into the channel-shaped supporting elements if necessary.

The embodiment according to claim 14 ensures good support of the non-metallic body, so that it is essentially only subjected to pressure and not, or not significantly, to tension and/or shear. A plastic body made of a rubber-like elastomer can thus withstand permanent pressure loads without the plastic flowing disruptively.

In some cases it can be advantageous if the non-metallic body is arranged in its assembly position under elastic deformation, i.e. under pre-tension. Claim 15 provides more details on this. In this way, manufacturing tolerances can also be compensated and any vibrations that could occur in particular when tracked vehicles are being driven can be largely reduced.

According to claim 16, the non-metallic body can be manufactured in a simple manner from strip-shaped partial bodies, which can be manufactured, for example, by injection molding or extrusion of a suitable plastic. As a result, the non-metallic bodies can be manufactured as relatively inexpensive mass-produced items and can also be easily cut to the desired length. This ensures economical production not only for individual production but also for series production.

When designed according to claim 17, a good form-fitting connection is obtained between the non-metallic bodies and the associated supporting elements of the supporting structure,

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If, according to claim 18, the partial bodies or the non-metallic bodies are equipped with tapered areas, manufacturing tolerances can be compensated in a simple manner by pressing the relevant non-metallic bodies or partial bodies against the associated walls until they are flush or deformed into them. These tapered areas can also be designed with regard to their angle of inclination in accordance with the course of the associated channel-shaped support elements, so that manufacturing tolerances can be compensated particularly easily by bringing the non-metallic bodies into their assembly position with a lateral oversize and then, i.e. after the non-metallic bodies have reached their final assembly position, machining them to the desired length and/or width, e.g. cutting or sawing them off.

If embodiments according to claim 19 are selected, it is possible, for example, to arrange the longer legs of the channel-shaped support elements inwards, so that an enlarged support surface for the non-metallic bodies or for the relevant armored wall is created inwards, so that even large impact loads, such as those that can arise from direct fire, are transferred to relatively large areas of the non-metallic bodies. Such embodiments also enable relatively simple assembly of the armored walls with the non-metallic bodies, since the shorter legs are arranged outwards, so that the relevant armored wall can be brought into assembly position past these shorter legs, for example by tilting the armored wall and initially placing one edge area between these legs and then arranging the other edge area of the armored wall in the fastening position.

It is particularly advantageous if the armored object is designed as described in claim 20. In this way, armored walls can be gripped or supported on all sides by the U-shaped or channel-shaped support elements at the edge areas by the non-metallic bodies.

Embodiments according to claim 21 enable the transmission of large forces not only inwards via the legs of the channel-shaped support elements mounted on the inside, but also via the legs of these support elements arranged on the outside.

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If the legs of the channel- or U-shaped support elements are designed according to claim 22, the edge areas of the armored walls can be arranged between the non-metallic bodies with virtually no tolerances. This results in a particularly firm, play-free fit of the edge areas between these non-metallic bodies.

Particularly in the case of armored objects designed as armored vehicles, especially tracked vehicles, force components arise that not only act perpendicularly in relation to the armored wall in question, but also act at any angle to it. If the strip-shaped partial bodies are equipped with two opposite legs arranged at right angles to each other, one of these legs can encompass the relevant edge area of the armored wall from one side, while the other leg of this non-metallic body can, for example, support and encompass the front side of this armored wall. At least two surfaces of the armored wall can thus be supported by one and the same non-metallic body.

In the embodiment according to claim 24, the counter body is brought into its assembly position with an oversize and then machined to the desired width. This makes it possible to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of almost any size, since the counter body manufactured with an oversize is brought into its assembly position, in particular pressed, under a certain pre-tension until all surfaces lie flush against one another. The protruding width and/or length of the counter body is then machined, for example cut or sawn off. There is therefore no need for the non-metallic bodies to be prefabricated to a precise fit. Even heavy armored steel walls can be arranged in this way with no play and with vibration dampening.

In some cases it can be advantageous to produce the non-metallic body in a sandwich construction, i.e. to produce it from different layers and/or layers of one material or several materials. For example, rubber-like elastomers of different hardness and/or flexibility can be arranged in a sandwich construction in this way, e.g. glued together. Between the individual layers made of the same elastomer or of different non-metallic bodies

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Steel plates or wire mesh can be arranged, which in particular favourably change the compressive and shear strength of the non-metallic body in question. Claim 26 provides a further detailed teaching on this.

In order to exclude direct impact on the non-metallic body, it can be covered - as described in claim 27 - at least on the outside by a suitable, preferably metallic shield. Instead of a metallic shield, another shield made of another suitable material, for example asbestos, or a metallic shield with an asbestos covering can be provided. In this way, it is possible to protect the non-metallic body against heat or against direct exposure to flames. Such a shield can also be dispensed with entirely if a non-flammable material or a flame-retardant material, for example Baypren (registered trademark of Bayer-Werke AG, Leverkusen), is used for the non-metallic body, or if the material of the non-metallic body only tends to a kind of coking under direct exposure to flames.

Claim 28 provides a further detailed teaching on technical and planned action.

While claim 29 teaches that partial bodies of the non-metallic body can have different strength properties and/or different thicknesses. In this way, it is possible, for example, to design the non-metallic body, which is arranged on the side facing away from the fire, with a greater damping capacity or a relatively large hysteresis, so that when the relevant armored wall is directly fired upon, a large amount of work can be absorbed by the corresponding deformation of the non-metallic body. In contrast, the partial bodies on the outside, for example, can be made of a harder material, for example a rubber-like plastic with a relatively higher Shore hardness or extreme hardness (claim 30).

The strength properties of the non-metallic bodies or the partial bodies can also be modified by inserts, which are described in claim 31.

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Further embodiments are described in claim 32.

If the non-metallic bodies or the partial bodies are designed according to claim 33, a firm, non-slip fit is obtained, which can be further increased by additionally gluing the non-metallic bodies or partial bodies to the associated walls of the relevant reinforcement.

According to claim 34, the grid-like support structure can be used to arrange different reinforcements. In this way, it is possible to armor one and the same object, for example one and the same tracked vehicle, e.g. a battle tank or armored personnel carrier, differently depending on the required use. Accordingly, a wide range of operational tasks can be fulfilled with one and the same chassis and one and the same grid-like support structure. When the invention is implemented, the operating crew can change the reinforcement under operational conditions, i.e. practically in the field, so that different reinforcements can be kept in stock at a suitable collection point and can be exchanged.

The grid-like supporting structure also enables the arrangement of armored walls, which could not previously be used or could not be used to a satisfactory extent. For example, according to claim 35, an armored wall made of fiber-reinforced concrete can be arranged in a detachable manner. Reinforcements made of armored glass, ceramic inserts or the like can be used, which could not previously be used in this way on tracked vehicles, for example. It is also possible to armor the individual areas of the object differently, not only in terms of fire resistance, but also in terms of the armor material used. For example, one area can be secured with armored steel walls or armored steel sheets, while other areas are protected by reinforcements made of armored glass, armored ceramics or fiber-reinforced concrete. Finally, the supporting structure can also be designed in such a way that several armored walls are arranged one behind the other at a distance. If necessary, the spaces between them can be filled with additional armor elements such as deflector plates, which advantageously change the angle of fire or, for example, with additional reinforcements. B. filled or partially filled with slag wool, fibers, asbestos, granules or similar.

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Furthermore, according to claim 36, box-shaped armor elements can be arranged on the supporting structure, which also have suitable ^armor elements inside, e.g. guide plates made of armor steel or so-called active armor. Such active armor can consist of steel plates or other suitable armor elements which suddenly change their position when fired at and thereby absorb the projectile energy practically step by step. Furthermore, bulging plates can be arranged in such box-shaped armor elements which intentionally bulge when fired at in order to gradually change the wall parts impacted by the projectile, in order to also thereby reduce the projectile energy so that the core of the object to be protected is no longer at risk. The supporting structure can be designed in a simple manner by arranging several channel-shaped elements so that such box-shaped armor elements can be arranged behind and/or next to one another. These box-shaped armour elements can be provided with at least one opening through which the armour elements, for example active armour, guide plates made of armour steel, made of ceramic etc., can be introduced (claims 37 to 41).

The devices for detachable attachment of the box-shaped armor elements can also be used to arrange dummies so that a potential opponent can be deceived about the true type of armored object. For example, a battle tank can be modified in this way by arranging dummies in the hull or turret area so that it cannot be identified by uninitiated persons.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing using several exemplary embodiments - partly schematically. Show:

Fig. and

Fig. to

2 3

a mass-produced hull of the "Marder" tank, but designed according to the invention;

non-metallic bodies in perspective representation;

4 partial sections from a detail of Fig. 8 1 to illustrate the manufacturing process;

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Fig. 9 is a partial longitudinal section along the line IX - IX of Fig. 1, in the area of the bow wall and in the area of the front floor, whereby the bow wall is attached to a supporting structure by means of a rubber-like elastomer ;

Fig. 10 also shows a partial longitudinal section along the line IX - IX of Fig. 1, although the bow wall is attached to the supporting structure by adhesive seams;

Fig. 11 is a partial longitudinal section through the device shown in Fig.

1 visible bow wall, but in the area of the front and middle roof panels, whereby the bow wall and roof panels are in turn attached to the supporting structure by bodies made of a rubber-like elastomer;

Fig. 12 shows a partial longitudinal section corresponding to Fig.

11, although the bow wall and roof panels are attached to the supporting structure by adhesive joints;

Fig. 13 is a partial cross-section along the line XIII - XIII of Fig. 1, in the area of the upper side wall and the middle roof plate and through the chain cover plate, with the side wall, middle roof plate and base being fastened to the supporting structure by non-metallic bodies made of an elastomer;

Fig. 14 shows a partial cross-section corresponding to Fig. 13, but with the difference that the walls shown in Fig. 13 are arranged in the supporting structure by means of adhesive connections;

Fig. 15 also shows a partial cross-section corresponding

the partial cross-section shown in Fig. 13, where the armor walls are also arranged in the supporting structure by elastomer bodies, but with the difference that the middle side wall shown in the drawing is constructed in a sandwich construction and has three layers;

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Fig. 16 a partial longitudinal section, in larger

Scale, through the front and rear floor,

vi/where the two floors are arranged over elastomer bodies;

Fig. 17 is a partial longitudinal section corresponding to the section shown in Fig. 16, but with the floors arranged in the supporting structure by gluing;

Fig. 18 a partial longitudinal section along the line XVIII - XVIII through the rear floor and the lower rear panel of the hull shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 19 shows a partial longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 18, where the lower rear panel is arranged in the supporting structure by means of adhesive seams ;

Fig. 20 a partial longitudinal section through the lower rear panel and the middle rear panel, whereby these two panels are fixed in the supporting structure by elastomer bodies;

Fig. 21 shows a partial longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 20, whereby the lower rear panel and the middle rear panel are arranged in the supporting structure by means of an adhesive connection;

Fig. 22 a partial longitudinal section through the connection of the rear roof panel and the upper rear panel of the construction shown in Fig. 1, whereby these two panels are also fastened to the supporting structure via elastomer bodies;

Fig. 23 a partial longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 22,

where rear roof panel and upper rear panel

are fixed to the supporting structure by adhesive;

Fig. 24 a partial longitudinal section through the upper rear panel and the middle rear panel, whereby these two panels are fixed in the supporting structure by elastomer bodies;

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Fig. 33

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a partial longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 24, whereby the upper rear panel and the middle rear panel are fixed to the supporting structure by means of adhesive and the middle rear panel is fixed to the supporting structure by means of adhesive;

a turret housing of a battle tank in partial perspective view, on which profiles are arranged for the accommodation of adapter boxes;

the tower housing shown in Fig. 26, but adapted with box-shaped elements;

a partial horizontal section through a turret housing of a main battle tank;

another embodiment of an adapter housing, also in perspective view ;

a side embodiment of an adapter housing, also in perspective view ;

a box-shaped armour which is detachably arranged on a supporting structure, in cross section;

another embodiment, also in cross section;

a fastening arrangement of adapter structures, also in cross-section;

further embodiments, also in section;

Cross sections through fastening arrangements according to the invention, using partial bodies made of a suitable elastomer for different armor wall thicknesses.

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In the drawing, the invention is shown in application to the Marder hull, which is manufactured in large series and which has been redesigned in accordance with the inventive concept (task and solution), particularly in Fig. 1. In this Fig. 1, the hatched areas show the hull floor 1, the lower side walls 2 and the so-called gusset plates of the Marder hull. These parts belong to the area that performs the so-called power transmission tasks, which primarily come from the drive and running gear, but also from the weapon system. These parts that perform the power transmission tasks are welded in the conventional way with reduced strength values of the armor plates and have the support system in the connection areas to the bow wall 3, the track cover plates and the rear wall 4.

The wall parts assigned to the ballistic protection are embedded in the manner to be described below. The support system or the supporting structure is a skeleton-like, solid frame construction, which can be seen in particular in Fig. 1 and is designated in Fig. 1 as a whole with the reference number 5. This supporting structure or the support system is divided into any fields according to the force transmission sizes. The field dimensions of the skeleton or the supporting structure are smaller on the outside in one direction than those of the armored walls to be embedded in it, which is also described in detail below. The armored walls can be installed in the smaller fields by, for example, pushing the armored wall in question at a slight angle with one side into the trough-shaped frame until it stops, then pivoting it into the frame plane and pushing it back halfway into the opposite frame trough. In any case, in the embodiment shown, the clear distances between all inner frame webs or frame legs of each field are smaller than the corresponding external dimensions of the armored walls.

Similar to the "Marderwanne" shown in Fig. 1, other mobile or stationary armored objects must also be divided into two systems if necessary, of which one must take on the main function of "power transmission task" and the other main function of "fire safety task".

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Furthermore, the concept of the invention (task and solution) also includes embodiments in which only individual areas are designed as a supporting structure, for example as a frame or grid-shaped supporting structure. In this way, it is possible, for example, to design ships or bunkers or - as well as vehicles, in particular tracked vehicles - to adapt them.

The reference numerals 6 and 7 denote non-metallic partial bodies which, in the embodiments shown, consist of a rubber-like elastomer, preferably a polychloroprene rubber, and whose basic shape can be seen in Figures 2 and 3. This means that the non-metallic partial bodies 6 and 7 are supplied as plate-shaped or strip-shaped elements and are processed to the desired size in the manner to be described below.

Adhesive joints are indicated by reference number 8. A suitable metal adhesive can be used as the adhesive, for example also an elastomer adhesive, e.g. also based on chloroprene or polychloroprene. Adhesives of this type are sold, for example, under the trademark "Baypren" by Bayer-Werke AG, Leverkusen. A suitable anti-aging agent can be mixed into the adhesive. It is also possible to protect the adhesive seams on the outside by coating them with a suitable anti-aging agent. However, other adhesives can also be considered, for example multi-component synthetic resins, which preferably retain a certain residual elasticity and the required damping capacity after they have hardened.

The reference numeral 9 designates the front roof panel (Figures 11 and 12), while the reference numerals 10 and 11 designate the upper side wall and the middle roof panel, respectively (Figures 13, 14 and 15).

Furthermore, the reference number 12 designates the front floor, while the reference number 13 represents the rear floor of the tub shown in Fig. 1.

The lower rear panel 14 is connected to the rear floor 13, followed by the middle rear panel 15. Connected to this is the upper rear panel 16. This is followed by the rear roof panel 17 (Figures 22, 23).

- 28 -

The sheets or walls shown in the drawing, e.g. the upper side wall 10, the middle roof sheet 11, the lower rear sheet 14, the middle rear sheet 15, the upper rear sheet 16 and the rear roof sheet 17 are designed as armored walls in the embodiments shown, and thus consist of an extremely hard, highly tempered special steel, which preferably has a considerably higher hardness than is known to date from tracked vehicles,/ due to the necessary weldability or the like. Instead, all walls exposed to fire and supported by non-metallic bodies 6, 7 can be designed exclusively for their fire resistance, i.e. steels with the greatest possible hardness can be used for these walls.

An exception must be made to the previously described embodiments. This applies to Fig. 15, in which the upper side plate 10 is constructed in a sandwich design and is made of an extremely hard special steel on the outside, i.e. on the side facing the fire, while the middle layer can be made either of another suitable steel or of ceramic, armored glass or armored glass layers, of fiber concrete with inclusions of armored steel splinters, glass balls or the like. The inner layer 20 can also be made of one of the materials mentioned or of a suitable light metal, for example aluminum, of an easily weldable steel for arranging device holders or the like. There can also be more than three layers. This structure described also applies to all other sheets and armored walls described. Fig. 15 is merely intended to illustrate that the range of possible variations is particularly wide when the invention is used.

The support elements 18 of the lattice or skeleton-like support structure are designed in a channel or U-shape in all embodiments shown in the drawing, whereby in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 10, a channel-shaped or U-shaped space is arranged to accommodate the relevant edge area of the associated armored wall, e.g. 3 (Fig. 9), while other channel-shaped support elements (e.g. 13 to 15 and 20, 21 and 37) each have two such channel-shaped or U-shaped spaces, which are arranged at an angle to one another and each accommodate the edge areas of the adjoining armored walls, e.g. 10, 11 (Fig. 13 or 14). Depending on the angle at which the

- 29 -

adjoining Parizer walls run towards each other, these U-shaped or channel-shaped cavities of the grid-shaped support element 18 are also arranged at the corresponding angles inclined towards each other, which is clearly visible, for example, from Figures 13, 14 and 15 or 18, 19 as well as 20 and 21.

These channel-shaped support elements 18 consist - as already

above - made of a well weldable steel, so

that, for example, walls or sheets that

should take over the supporting function {&tgr;.. P.. Figures 9 and 10)

can be firmly connected to the supporting elements 18 by welds 21 or.

If the channel-shaped support elements 18 are intended to accommodate several adjacent walls, as is the case, for example, in the embodiment according to Fig. 13, 14, etc., the advantage is that several armored walls can be held by one and the same channel-shaped support element. In cross-section, this results in L-, T-, Z-, double-T-shaped profiles.

The drawing also shows that many of the armored walls, for example 3, ^, 13, 14, are provided with bevels on their edges, e.g. B, 25 (for example Figures 9, 11, 12, 16). If necessary, the corresponding armored walls can be provided with such bevels on both sides or only on one side of their edges. These bevels enable the armored walls in question to be protected over relatively large areas against the associated partial bodies, e.g. B. the non-metallic part body 6, support, on the other hand it is possible to arrange the rubber-like part bodies 6 or the like under a certain pre-tension in the associated channel-shaped support elements 18, and thus to bring the elastic restoring forces to act partly on the armor wall via these bevels 25, so that they are constantly supported under a certain elastic holding force in their longitudinal and/or width directions and are held free of play. If adhesive is arranged between these bevels 25 and between all other non-metallic bodies and the associated metallic surfaces of the channel-shaped support elements 18 and/or the associated armor walls or armor plates, a relatively high contact force can be achieved when installing under pre-tension, for example on the bevels 25, so that good adhesive bonds can be formed between

- 30 -

the non-metallic bodies 6, 7, the channel-shaped supporting elements 18 and/or the relevant armored walls, e.g. 9 or the like.

Figures 2 to 8 show an example of a production process for the arrangement of an armored wall, e.g. the armored wall 9. As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, the starting material for the non-metallic partial bodies 6 and 7, consisting of a suitable rubber-like elastomer, is a type of rod material or plate material. The latter applies in particular to the non-metallic partial body 7, the side walls of which run conically towards one another for the purpose described below, namely at an angle of approximately 6 degrees in the embodiment shown.

The armored wall 9, which is larger in width than the clear opening between the facing legs 23, is pushed at a slight inclination (Fig. 5) through the opening of the relevant skeleton egg with one side between the legs 23 and 24 (on the right in Fig. 5) until it stops, and is then pivoted into the frame plane from the inclined position shown in dashed lines in Fig. 5 until the armored wall 9 rests on the lower legs 24 (solid lines) shown in Fig. 4. Then strip-shaped, non-metallic partial bodies 6 are cut to length according to Fig. 2 and secured under elastic prestress and/or by gluing in the position shown in Fig. 6, in such a way that the legs of the non-metallic partial body 6 lie as tightly as possible against the facing metallic surfaces of the frame construction. If this is necessary, the corresponding non-metallic part body 6 can be additionally fixed by a suitable pressing device (not shown in the drawing) or by pressing by hand until a certain reaction of the adhesive has taken place. However, this is not usually necessary, since after the arrangement of the non-metallic part bodies 6 in their positions shown in Fig. 6, the armored wall 9 is brought against the legs of the part bodies 6 and is brought into contact there as closely as possible, also with elastic deformation of these part bodies 6 and/or by adhesive seams (Fig. 7). In this assembly position, the armored wall 9 is surrounded by the part bodies 6 on each edge area on two sides, with the narrow sides, i.e. the front sides, in particular being held between the legs of the part bodies 6 assigned to these front sides by elastic deformation.

- 31 -

these parts can be clamped so that the fit is as firm as possible in this position. If a suitable adhesive, particularly one based on polychloroprene (Baypren), is also used, this results in a particularly strong, permanent, but detachable connection.

Then, at each edge area, a plate-shaped, non-metallic part body 7 is placed under the armored wall 9 shown in Fig. 7 and pushed against the channel-shaped support elements. To do this, the gap at the root can be determined and the profile 7 can be trimmed accordingly at its more pointed end in order to completely fill the gap. Advantageously, the conicity of the side walls of this part body 7 corresponds to the angle of inclination of the associated legs 24. This makes it easy to compensate for manufacturing tolerances. This non-metallic part body 7, which preferably also consists of an elastomer with rubber-like properties, can either be arranged exclusively under elastic tension between the armored wall and the other part body or the leg of the part body 6 and the associated leg 24 of the channel-shaped support element. However, it will often be useful to additionally fix this part body 7 in its position using a suitable adhesive, preferably also a suitable synthetic resin or a suitable elastomer adhesive, which also allows an excellent bond to metals. Since relatively large elastic restoring forces are applied when arranging the part body 7, a good bond is created between the adhesive and the metal on the one hand and the adhesive and the elastomer body on the other. Any excess of the part body 7 is then machined to the desired size - for example by cutting or sawing - so that in the end the non-metallic part body 7 has the configuration shown in Fig. 8, which illustrates the final installation position of the parts. The other edge areas not shown in Figs. 2 to 8 can also be attached in the same way. Should this be necessary or appropriate, a suitable expansion element, for example a spreading strut, can be arranged between the non-metallic partial bodies 6 and/or 7, which presses against the mutually facing end faces of two diametrically opposite partial bodies and constantly

- 32 -

deformed into the channel-shaped support elements. However, this type of fastening is not absolutely necessary. The invention is also not limited to the cross-sectional profiles of the non-metallic partial bodies shown. If necessary, more than two non-metallic partial bodies of the same and/or different hardness and/or different elasticity and/or different damping capacity can also be used. Figures 26 to 28 show part of a turret housing of a battle tank. This turret housing can be adapted in a suitable manner using box-shaped elements 26. Either suitable reinforcements can be arranged within these boxes, as will be described below, or such boxes 26 can also be used to deceive the enemy, i.e. to represent dummies.

The left half of the section in Fig. 28 shows the same turret housing adapted with the box 26 as shown in Fig. 35 and 36, whereby the box walls 38 and 39 can consist entirely or only partially of a suitable, high-hardness or highly tempered armor steel. The box walls 38 and 39 can also be constructed as described above in connection with the other embodiments according to Fig. 15.

All or only a part of the walls of the boxes 26 are arranged in the manner already described, detachably via non-metallic bodies 6 or 7 or only via one body or more. In the embodiment shown, suitable reinforcements, for example bulkhead armor and/or active armor and/or baffles made of armor steel, ceramic, armored glass or the like 47, are arranged within the boxes 26, which for reasons of simplicity are only shown schematically as dashed lines in Fig. 28* In any case, all types of suitable armor can be used in these boxes 26. The same applies to the embodiments to be described below according to Figs. 29 to 33. The right-hand half of the section in Fig. 28 shows a tower that clearly shows the two task groups "power transmission task" 57 and "gunfire safety task" 42 and 47.

Fig. 29 shows an embodiment in which an object 32 to be armored, for example on a supporting structure (not shown in detail) of a

- 33 -

to an armoured vehicle, for example a tracked vehicle, adapter boxes 33 are to be arranged over profile strips provided with claws 34 and 35, whereby these claws 34 and 35 are inserted into corresponding profiles 36 and 37, respectively.

37 can be hooked or swung in. The adapter boxes 33 can be easily removed and exchanged for other boxes. In Fig. 29 the adapter box 33 has no armor on its inside and is open on its four sides and at the top in the drawing plane. On the four sides, suitable armor walls can be arranged in the manner described over non-metallic bodies, but also dummy walls made of thin steel sheets or the like for deceptive purposes. Furthermore, it is possible to insert armor packages, for example in the form of slats, active armor, bulkhead armor or armor sheets running at a certain angle, i.e. inclined like guide surfaces, through the side wall which is open at the top. The side which is open at the top can also be closed off by a suitable element, for example by an armor wall (not shown), preferably also in the manner already described using non-metallic bodies made of a rubber-like plastic. This creates a wide range of possible combinations depending on the application.

Fig. 30 shows a comparable embodiment, whereby in contrast to Fig. 29, only the top and bottom are closed. Parts with the same function have been given the same reference numerals as in Fig.

29.

Fig. 31 again shows such an adapter box or such a housing in cross-section, whereby the same reference numerals are used for parts with the same function as in the embodiments according to Figures 29 and

30 were used. Fig. 31 also shows two armored walls made of high-hardness, highly tempered special steel

38 and 39, which in this embodiment are also detachably held in their functional position by the non-metallic partial bodies made of a rubber-like elastomer 6 and 7. The space between the parts shown in Fig.

31 visible armor walls 38 and 39 can remain empty or be completely or partially filled with other materials. For example, active armor, bulk plates, baffles made of armor steel or bulkhead armor can be arranged in this space 40. However, it is also possible to fill this space 4&thetas;

- 34 -

to be filled completely, partially or additionally with materials that offer protection against certain projectiles, for example against shaped charges. For example, safety aprons can be installed in this space 40, which are arranged at such a distance from the armored object 32 to be protected that the detonator of a shaped charge is detonated prematurely, so that the projectile can no longer pose a danger to the armored object.

Fig. 31 also shows that the adapter box 33 is held in its position via a tongue and groove connection 41, which can be exchanged or removed. When tongue and groove connections are mentioned, this does not only mean connections with smooth-walled tongues. Rather, all machine elements commonly used in this regard can be used, for example dowel pins or grooved pins. The tongue of the tongue and groove connection 41 can be locked in its assembly position in a suitable manner, although this is not crucial to the basic idea of the invention. It is only necessary to ensure that the tongue and groove connection does not come loose under the considerable vibrations that can occur in tracked vehicles in particular.

The embodiment according to Fig. 32 is comparable to that of Fig. 76, so that the reference numerals from Fig. 31 were also used for parts with the same function. In contrast to Fig. 31, however, in the embodiment according to Fig. 32 three armored walls 38, 39 and 42 are arranged one behind the other, with all of these walls 38, 39 and 42 being held by non-metallic bodies made of an elastomer.

Fig. 30 shows the arrangement of adapter boxes 33 more clearly on a larger scale, whereby the same reference numerals as in Figures 29, 30, 31 and 32 have also been used for parts with the same function. As can be seen in Fig. 33, the adapter box 33 in question also has a strip-shaped centering and guide projection 43 which engages in a corresponding counter groove in the object 32. In Fig. 33, the gaps between the parts are shown exaggeratedly large, which is particularly true for the tongue and groove connection 41, where in reality these gaps are no longer visible after assembly.

- 35 -

Fig. 34 shows particularly clearly a box-shaped deceptive element 44, which is also arranged by means of claws and a tongue-and-groove connection, so that reference can be made to the relevant description of the above embodiments.

The embodiment according to Fig. 35 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 31 in that next to the armor walls 38 and 42 there is a wall 39 made of a suitable armor steel, instead of the armor wall made of a highly tempered special steel shown in Fig. 31.

Furthermore, the top and bottom walls 45 and 46 are designed as adaptable walls, i.e. they are also detachably fastened in a lattice-like or skeleton-like support frame via non-metallic bodies that are only indicated by blackening in the drawing, as has already been described in detail above.

The same applies to the embodiment according to Fig. 36 with the difference that a bulkhead armor 47 is arranged in the box-shaped element 40, which for reasons of simplicity has only been indicated with dot-dash lines.

The features dealt with in the description and in the claims and shown in the drawing may be essential for the realisation of the innovation both individually and in any combination.

■ ·

List of reference symbols

1 tub base

2 lower side wall Z bow wall

4 Rear wall

5 Supporting structure, skeletal support structure, frame construction

6 non-metallic body, partial body, elastomer body, plastic body

8 Adhesive connection ^c j front roof panel i>* 10 upper side wall

11 middle roof panel

12 front floor

13 rear floor

14 lower rear panel

15 middle rear panel

16 upper rear panel

17 rear roof panel

18 channel-shaped support element

19 middle position

20 inner layer

21 Weld seam

22 "

23 legs

25 Bevel

26 boxes

27 Box wall

28 "

BL - - /, 4 of - _ 7

• · · · · "i*i ik &psgr; i m .' ^l ·ψ · ·, f ,

• · · &igr; · 6 '&iacgr;&lgr; «· · vy \

· ·

-69BL·.

29 Box wall

30 "

31 "

32 Object

33 Adapter boxes, box-shaped element

34 Claw
35

36 Profiling

37 "

38 Armored Wall

39 "

40 Room

41 Tongue and groove connection

42 Armored Wall

43 Centering and guiding projection

44 Deceptive element

45 Cover wall

46 Floor wall

47 Bulkhead armor and/or armor packages

48 Chain cover plate

49 Armoured wall in thickness range 40 mm

50 "

51 "

52 "

53 " "

54 &eegr; ti

55 ^I! »

56 » "

57 Tower force transmission wall

30'mm 20mm 15mm 10mm 8mm 6mm 5mm

Claims (1)

Protection claims An object armored by at least one armored wall, in particular a battle tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armored vehicle, characterized in that the armored wall in question (e.g. 9) or another wall, device or the like is attached to or in a support structure (e.g. 5) via at least one non-metallic, dimensionally stable, vibration-, sound- and shock-absorbing body (e.g. 6 or 7). Armoured object according to claim 1, characterized in that the relevant protective plate or armoured wall (e.g. 9) is only received at its edges by the supporting structure (e.g. 5) or that the fastening of the non-metallic body (6, 7) to or in the supporting structure (5) and/or to or in the armoured wall (e.g. 14) or the like is designed to be releasably positively and/or force-fitting. Armoured object according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the non-metallic body (6, 7) is a suitable elastomer with rubber-like properties. Armoured object according to claim 3, characterized in that the body (6, 7) consisting of an elastomer can be installed as a dimensionally stable body for assembly. 5. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the non-metallic body (8) is introduced into its assembly position in a reactive state, e.g. as a quasi-liquid made of a suitable plastic or a suitable elastomer, as a paste or as an adhesive, for example made of a multi-component synthetic resin, and is formed there with the desired wall thickness, residual elasticity and the required damping capacity, 6. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the body (6, 7, 8) consisting of an elastomer is to the required extent insensitive to acids, alkalis, petrol, benzene, fats, oils, atmospheric influences, water, alcohol, and is resistant to ozone, oxygen and microorganisms and is not absorbed by tiarae, in particular rodents, and that the elastomer does not emit any gases that are hazardous to health or harmful and does not contain any contact poisons, is also lightfast, has strong restoring forces, has good to excellent long-term pressure resistance - practically does not flow under load - and is at least flame-retardant and has a high resistance to aging at least when anti-aging agents are added, is heat-resistant and flexible at low temperatures to the required extent and requires no maintenance with a long service life and, if necessary, has a Shore hardness that varies as little as possible even when exposed to cold and is, for example, over 60 Shore A. 7. Armoured object according to claim 3 or one of the following, characterized in that the elastomer is a suitable chloroprene rubber or polychloroprene rubber. 8. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that suitable cross-linking additives are added to the elastomer used as adhesive to increase its heat resistance, for example an isocyanate such as in particular Desmodur (registered trademark of Bayer-Werke AG, Leverkusen), or the like. 9. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the dimensionally stable non-metallic body (6, 7) is fastened in an assembly position in the supporting structure (5) with a suitable adhesive, in particular also by means of chloroprene rubber adhesive. 10. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the supporting structure (5) made of steel is designed in a skeleton-like or lattice-like manner. 11. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the relevant armoured wall or the like (eg 14) is supported and held only at the edges by the non-metallic body (eg 6, 7). 12. Armoured object according to claim 11, characterized in that the non-metallic body (6, 7 or 8) covers the edge regions of an armoured wall (e.g. 14) on three sides. 13. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the supporting structure (5) has U-shaped or channel-shaped supporting elements which receive the non-metallic body (6, 7 or 8). 14. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic body (6, 7 or 8) is supported by the supporting elements from three sides. 15. Armoured object according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the non-metallic body is arranged under elastic deformation in the channel- or U-shaped support elements. 16. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic body (6 or 7) consists of strip-shaped partial bodies. 17. Armoured object according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one partial body (e.g. 6) with shoulder-like projections or projections engages behind or encloses walls of the supporting elements (23 bzvi/. 24). 18. Armoured object according to claim 15 or one of the following, characterized in that the partial bodies (e.g. 7) with tapered areas - preferably in the area of self-locking - rest against the armoured wall (e.g. 14) and/or wall parts of the channel-shaped support elements (23, 24). 19» Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the length of legs (23 or 24) of the channel-shaped support elements is different. 20. Armoured object according to claim 10 or one of the following, characterized in that the lattice-like or skeleton-like supporting structure delimits on all sides an opening intended to accommodate an armoured wall (e.g. 16) or the like. 21. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that one length of an armoured wall or the like (e.g. 17) is greater and the other extension (width) of this armoured wall is slightly smaller than the clear distance measured in the respective associated direction between the facing wall parts, in particular legs (23) of channel- or U-shaped support elements which receive and hold this armoured wall (e.g. 17). 22. Armoured object according to claim 19 or one of the following, characterized in that the legs (23 or 24) of the channel- or U-shaped support elements diverge from one another. 23. Armoured object according to claim 16 or one of the following, characterized in that one of the strip-shaped partial bodies (e.g. 6) consists of two oppositely perpendicular, materially integrally placed legs which form the shoulder-like projections or projections, one of the projections or the like having an inner height which is equal to or slightly greater than the thickness of the associated armoured wall (e.g. 10) or the like and against the front area of this armored wall, while the other attachment or the like overlaps the armored wall in the edge area and rests against the armored wall and that on the other side a partial body (e.g. 7) rests against the edge area of the armored wall (10) or the like and the front side of one leg (e.g. 24), whereby this partial body (7) runs in particular at the same angle as the wall of the channel-shaped support structure facing it or the associated leg (e.g. 24). 24. Armoured object according to claim 23, characterized in that at least one guiding body (e.g. 7) was brought into its assembly position with excess width and then machined to the desired width. 25. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic body is designed in sandwich construction and is made up of zones with different strength properties. 26. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic body has inserts made of steel, armoured steel, ceramic or hard plastic, e.g. hard moltoprene. 27. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the side of the non-metallic body in question (e.g. 6) facing the projectile is covered by a preferably metallic shield. 28. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic body (6 or 7) is equal to or thicker than the relevant armoured wall (e.g. 17). 29. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the partial bodies (6 or 7) have different strength properties and/or different thicknesses. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the part of the non-metallic body (e.g. 6) facing the bombardment is harder than the non-metallic body (e.g. 7) on the side facing away from the bombardment. 31. Armoured object according to claim 26 or one of the following, characterized in that the inserts of the non-metallic body (6 or 7) are plates, small plates, rings or interlocked or matted steel chips or splinters, in particular armoured steel. 32. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the strip-shaped non-metallic bodies (6, 7) are spring-elastically snapped onto the edge regions of the armoured wall (e.g. 17) and/or into the channel-shaped support elements (23, 24). 33. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the non-metallic bodies (6, 7) have claw-, hook-, lip- or cup-shaped projections with which they support or claw or suck themselves under spring-elastic prestress on the associated surface areas of the armoured wall (e.g. 16) and/or the channel-shaped support elements (23, 24). 34. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the &igr; following, characterized in that the lattice j-like supporting structure (5) the assembly of armored walls (e.g. 10; Fig. 15) with different reinforcement and/or different surface design j and/or with different paint finishes permitted. 35. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that one armoured wall (e.g. 3) or more consists of fibre-reinforced concrete and contains mutually supporting fibres, splinters or chips, in particular armoured steel chips as fibres. Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the supporting structure (5) allows the exchangeable or detachable arrangement of a box-shaped armour element or an adapter box or more. Armoured object according to claim 36, characterized in that a box-shaped armour element or an adapter box (33) or more are arranged on the supporting structure (5) so as to be interchangeable one behind and/or next to one another. Armoured object according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the box in question (e.g. 33) has or contains one or more armoured walls (e.g. 38, 39). Armoured object according to claim 36 or one of the following, characterized in that the box (33) is provided with active armour or with bulkhead armour or with guide surfaces made of armoured steel sheets which favourably influence the angle of impact of a projectile. Armoured object according to claim 36 or one of the following, characterized in that the box (33) is equipped with materials and/or at least one safety screen which offer protection against certain projectiles, in particular shaped charges. Armoured object according to claim 36 or one of the following, characterized in that the box in question (eg P.33) is provided with one or more openings which allow the elements arranged inside the box (33), in particular armouring, to be replaced even after the box in question (eg 33) has been mounted on the supporting structure (5). Armoured object according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in _that on the inside of the armour there are walls made of an easily weldable steel and/or of a material on which holders for devices or the devices themselves can be arranged and that these walls facing the interior of the armoured object are also held and supported by non-metallic bodies. • Ill Ill