DE7123996U - Multi-part plastic pallet - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a multi-part plastic pallet, in particular flat pallet for bottle crates, with a frame made of elongated external beams, the tops of which are each to form the load-bearing area and its undersides to form the support surface of the pallet guide collars, with an insert connected to the frame, forming a grate and also contributing to the top and bottom of the pallet in the area surrounded by the frame, and with the engagement openings the pallet for forklift arms forming recesses in the frame between an upper belt and a lower belt of the respective external carrier.

Pallets serve as a tray-like base for stacking and transporting of objects and must for this purpose have lateral access openings into which the arms of forklifts engage can. When these openings are on ali ^ n four sides of the

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Pallet are provided, one speaks of a Vierveg-Palott -.:. When the engaging openings between an upper deck and a l'r, -terdeck the pallet are provided, one speaks of a double deck pallet. Simpler embodiments only have one umpteen upper deck with foot parts arranged underneath, between which the fork lift arms can intervene. Finally differs one flat pallets and box pallets; In the latter, in contrast to the flat pallet, there is also a box-like side wall arranged around the load-bearing surface of the pallet. Often a flat pallet can be made by attaching the box-like side wall can be converted into a box pallet.

It is further desirable that the lateral recesses of the pallet are arranged so far and below the one that carries the loads Deck of the pallet such wide recesses are provided towards the floor that except for the arms of a forklift auc.i drive a pallet truck into the side recesses and then can reach with its wheels on the floor under the pallet.

All pallets have in common that they are intended to take loads and therefore have to be more or less robust and load-bearing, depending on the type of load. This robustness can easily be achieved by means of metallic pallets and to a certain extent also by means of wooden pallets; However, if you want to switch to substitutes, the o? sender en mater ialschv; i - · ΐ · '. -i ton dor l'.v-

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Substances considerable tried, if one meets the requirements Stability and fatigue strength still want to do justice. the The problem becomes particularly clear in the case of standardized flat palents for bottle crates. These flat pallets have the standardized format looo χ 12oo mm. On the corresponding load bearing The area of such a pallet can then be 3x3 bottle crates be put on in one position. It is customary to continue to stack five layers of bottle crates on top of one another on the pallet. Now a plastic bottle crate weighs about 2 kg empty, and in each bottle crate there are, for example, twenty o, 5 l-bottles or twenty-four o, 33 1-bottles arranged. A single bottle crate with full bottles then weighs between about 18 and 22 kg, roughly 20 kg. According to this, one layer of bottle crates already weighs 180 kg, and five layers weigh 900 kg, i.e. almost one Ton. It is therefore understandable that so far flat plastic pallets for bottle crates or similar heavy loads have not yet been able to prevail, if one considers the Εΐς5Π3σΙΐ3ίth, which are quite different in comparison, for example, with metal Modulus of elasticity, tendency to inelastic deformations and the like. Such plastics taken into account that are used for pallet construction can be considered. Suitable plastics are e.g. polyolefins, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, ABS polymers or polyurethanes.

Nevertheless, there is of course no shortage of attempts, including those that are highly resilient Manufacture flat plastic pallets. A special type of such plastic pallet from which the invention goes out, it also provides that the plastic pallet

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Is formed in several parts.

So it has already become known v ^ -. B. DT-OS 1 456 737 or CH-PS 454 o27), the upper deck and the lower deck of a double-deck pallet to be manufactured separately and to be joined together using fasteners.

Apart from a few special defects of these and other multi-part plastic pallets, they usually still have the defect in common that a single profile piece of the size of the entire load-bearing surface of the pallet can be produced at once got to. However, this requires extremely wide molds, a difficulty which, for reasons of cost, is particularly common in injection molding machines is very undesirable. It is therefore already known to use various load-bearing areas of the range of different individually prefabricated plastic profile parts that are joined together to form the entire pallet. In such constructions, however, the individual profile parts have still a relatively wide area. Such from several assembled in a form of prefabricated plastic profile pieces Flat pallets, however, suffer from the deficiency that the relatively small overlap stretch along which the individual Plastic profile pieces together are not sufficient to a stability of the whole plastic pallet against very high To reliably ensure permanent loads.

Now you could think of an additional stiffening at the joints between the individual plastic profile pieces by inserting into the plastic professional pieces

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Let metal reinforcements overlap over the joints. It has been found that the extremely different moduli of elasticity plastic and metal parts do not result in usable constructions »but, on the contrary, the plastic breaks away before» metal.

In a known pallet (CH-PS 454 027), the upper and lower parts are each double-decked, this double-decking is maintained across the entire pallet area. This can be optically pleasing, closed and light achieve pallet decks to be cleaned.

However, this pallet is less suitable for carrying relatively high loads: On the one hand, there are load-bearing parts not formed in one piece over the entire height, but with. Dividing joints are provided, which already reduces the inherent rigidity of these Share something suffers. On the other hand, the upper and lower decks are each sandwiched over a large area in the upper and lower part on top of each other. The decks are only supported on the edge of the pallet, in the area of the support legs and on some of the decks at different points arranged support columns from each other. This implies that over a large part of the Top surface the load is borne only by the thin top walls, whose moment of resistance against deflection is relatively poor is. As a result of this, as well as the only local, almost punctiform load transfer, it already occurs at relatively low loads undesirably large deflections with the risk of cracking at the edge. In addition, there is the disadvantage of the large area already mentioned and thus undesirably expensive (casting) molds.

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The genre of the invention mentioned at the beginning is based on a known one multi-part plastic pallet made of (DT-ΟΓ. I 4 56 737, Fig. 15), in which a one-piece rectangular frame. is provided, cLsr all around the load flat qogon don BoJon supported. Parallel to the long frame sides along the center bisector of the frame runs a multi-part insert, which is located in the area of the Support surface of the pallet on the floor is a transverse stiffener biliet.

The invention is based on the object of a plastic pallet To develop this genre, which is prefabricated from meninges in one form, if possible: »Plastic profile pieces proportionately small dimensions can be produced but can accommodate higher ones Loads such as a ton for bottle crates are gseiynet and, if required, both as a double deck pallet and Four-way pallet or pallet suitable for pallet trucks can be configured.

To solve this problem, the invention provides that the individually prefabricated outer beams in. Extension direction of the frame are connected to this and a strap of each external support over its entire extent is designed as a profile bar with an upper and a lower flange, which are connected by a web are connected, and that also the use of a surface that contributes to the formation of the load-bearing surface and a surface that contributes to the formation The lower chord contributing to the supporting surface of the pallet.

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For the plastic pallet according to the invention, individual, prefabricated plastic brackets used for their part can be produced on relatively small molding machines. The frame now consists of these external beams that extend in the direction of extension of the frame are connected to each other. They surround the insert, which is enclosed in the frame Area is arranged and connected to the external beams. Advantageously identical single beams are used for the frame in pairs.

The formation of each external beam with a belt; which is about extends the entire outer beam and is designed as a profile bar with an upper and a lower flange connected to one another by a web (preferably to form a double-T or I-profile), not only leads to a noticeable stiffening the pallet, but at the same time facilitates production in the mold, as the molded parts can be easily removed from the side. The web is expediently additionally stiffened by transverse webs running at right angles to the web. Through training

even the use of an upper flange contributing to the formation of the load-bearing surface and a lower flange contributing to the formation of the support surface of the pallet, this stiffening already effected in the outer girders can be continued into the insert part. In addition, this has the advantage that the insert as a whole can also be designed to be particularly rigid in itself. The stiffening of the insert can be additionally increased if the rods forming the insert are in turn designed as profile rods, preferably as I-profiles . The pallet according to the invention in its entirety also has the advantage that the one-piece nature of the outer

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carrier whose designed as a profile bar a belt not only as a single stiffening element corresponding to a stiffening insert Shows effects, but rather a further increase in the overall stiffening is achieved by the fact that this formed as a profile bar belt is connected via the side walls of the relevant external beam with its lower part.

The formation of the continuous belt as a profile bar with upper and lower flange, connected by a web, has other advantages: This makes it possible to make the corresponding top or bottom of the carrier completely smooth and without any dirt pockets, such as those are available on the generic pallet (DT-OS 1 456 737). This not only noticeably reduces the cleaning of the pallet, but in particular also its sensitivity to soiling, which is extremely important for the practical use of the pallet.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the other belt of the same external support is formed with an upper and a lower flange, which are connected to one another by a web. As a result, the increase in stiffening of the outer support achieved by designing one belt as a profile bar is advantageously also transferred to the other belt in the same way, which results in a further increased stiffening effect.

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In the case of the pallet according to the invention, the plastic Avoid completely dissimilar metal reinforcements due to the very different modulus of elasticity. You can even open it completely Foregoing reinforcement inserts and advantageously the outer beams and / or the frame insert in

Manufacture substantially or entirely from injection molding. However, hard foam or a different type of foam can also be used for its production Plastic (e.g. sintered or just deformed) can be used.

For some applications, however, it proves to be useful to provide at least some carriers with a non-metallic reinforcement insert. In particular, glass fibers, plastic or glass fiber mats and the like. As reinforcement inserts in question.

The connection of the external carriers to one another can advantageously by gluing or welding (plastic welding). This is the case with plastic welding in particular the advantage that the mirror welding technique can be used leaves what with a suitable structural design of the pallet (e.g. when using the same individual beams in pairs for the frame) the welding of the pallet on a single Device allows with little effort and few welding steps.

It is thus evident with regard to the stiffening of the pallet that not only the individual Pallet elements can be made more rigid, but the individual reinforcements achieved in this way lead to mutual

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and through their combination to an optimal qvr.tfi-u-r th overall stiffening effect for the pallet.

It is also already known (US Pat. No. 3,256,339), a plastic pallet put together from cylindrical hollow rods by three hollow rods of relatively large diameter parallel designed with a mutual spacing and on their upper side by four equidistant hollow rods much smaller Diameter are connected. However, this non-generic pallet does not transfer the load to all four edges of the Bottom above, but only above the three hollow rods of large diameter, and moreover only offers relatively few linear ones Support surfaces both on the load bearing surface and on the Underside, so that for this reason alone it is hardly an option for very high, even loads.

In a further development of the invention, instead, the measure of claim 9 is provided, preferably in conjunction with claim 10, so the frame is then composed of individual external beams is, of which one at the connection points

engages with a spigot into a Einstecköffnuna of the other and is cresichert by fixing means such as bolts, in that at least the first ^Innentr: Stützträaer is iaer as voraesehen intersecting second Innenträqer whose Verbindunnnenden are also used in complementary Aufnahmeöffnur.qen of the frame, and in that the under ausn ^ ^ qnarten Finareif openings for the forklift under a continue also to Lastenaufnahmef l.Mche beitranendon upper <"airt of jpwpjlr f oil non ^ rr Tnnnnträaers, f.ehr.i ^-.. reasonable Olzen dnnci: i ru:;:.!; cji ^r;.:... '; l] c''o:; nonnnnt to Gev.'innunn a separable Fnlpt.tc * \ ~ \ n Vnnn

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-ι / ι JI but also non-dismountable pallets according to the invention create X ^ by providing, for example, adhesive connections or plastic welds as a fixing means. The plastic pallet according to the invention requires only a few types of plastic carriers which can be produced on relatively small molding machines. The stabartiqen girders can be put together to form a grate, in which all girders are qeqenseitiq stabilized. This stabilization of the plastic profiled rods offers the further advantage that the pallet cannot permanently bend than is the case with conventional plastic pallets. In this way, a structure can be obtained in which wide Einqreiföffnunqen between the upper and lower chord are ausqesDart. The metal reinforcements, which are alien to the plastic because of the very different modulus of elasticity, can also be avoided entirely. It is even possible to dispense with insulating materials entirely and to manufacture the profile rods essentially or entirely from injection molding, rigid foam or some other kind of plastic, for example from sintered or merely molded plastic. However, it should not be ruled out that non-metallic reinforcement inserts are also provided in the profile bars, for example glass fibers, plastic or glass fiber mats and the like. Basically, the pallet can also be roughened as a sloping grate; In the real world, however, all profile bars are put together at right angles to one another. It should also not be ruled out that the pallet is designed with inner truss ends protruding laterally beyond the outer girders. To promote the oeoenseitiaen Ftützuna of the carriers it is, however, zv; ecknä, lin that the outer girders are put together to form a frame and the inner girders are merely plugged into the outer girders

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from the inside to the L * a ldung the frame bridging range grate are inserted.

The frame of the pallet can be formed in that a pair of parallel outer supports on the two mutually facing side surfaces with plug-in openings all around is provided, on the one hand for the other pair of parallel Außenenträqer and on the other hand for the post-forming inner carrier. In this way, the assembly of the supports to the grate is made much easier. You can then compensate for that provide other pairs of parallel outer beams that these are provided with male ends and on the sides facing one another All around positive-locking insertion openings for the Have rust-forming inner support.

Because the inner beams cross each other, the load-bearing surface is already divided into smaller support areas by the profile bars areas, as it is particularly important when supporting such loads, whose footprint is much smaller than the total load bearing area of the pallet, e.g. B. in the case of pallets for bottle crates.

It is basically possible that the upper first Irmentträger simply rests on the second serving as a support. However, it is preferably provided that the respective first Inner carrier rests on a saddle of the respective second inner carrier and the second inner carrier is positively locked with a recess encompasses.

Normally it is provided that four outer girders are provided and the two opposite outer girders in each case

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are designed in pairs in the same way.

If, in addition, preferably two identical first inner supports in pairs and two identical second inner carriers are provided the result is a simple, but at the same time very stable Construction of eight pairs of identical girders, two of which each Pairs the braces and two pairs each di <? intersecting the first and second inner girders are. Then are for the basic setup A rectangular pallet only requires four types of rod-like plastic sluggishly.

Preferably, the pairs of inner carriers are the same arranged directly next to each other. In this way, a rigid central cross of the rostortiqen pallet structure is obtained mutual support of the laterally adjacent Interior support. If, according to a development of the invention, it is also provided that the plug ends in the plug openings of the Frame part is secured against rotation by a courage-spring connection, preferably with springs above and below at the plug ends a rotation lock of all beams and in this way a particularly favorable diagonal rigidity of the pallet »

Above all, however, this arrangement offers the advantage of, on the one hand, a very wide distance between adjacent supports win all four sides of the pallet and thus enable even a forklift truck to move in to! on the other hand This pallet truck also has enough space on the underside of the pallet for its swing-out or fold-out

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To let wheels. If, however, at least on dc-r ^ bcr ^^ it-p '' .or "alette, due to the aroßon distance between the inncintr'ioor from each other, insufficient rntcrst'iztunnsf Liehe is obtained for din 7. ν tear-lon vice., It becomes expedient In the foregoing, in order to at least partially close the grate opening of the door forming the pallet, insert rods can also be inserted into the mutually facing sides of each overlapping tray. These insert rods do not need to have the same depth as the qan: -o pallet and therefore do not need to hinder the forklift truck moving in. If, however, nan do not use a cable pallet truck v / i 11, the insert rods can also have the same depth as the other tears.

To further stiffen the pallet , at least one strap of the respective girder is designed as a profile bar, preferably a solid wall girder. Hic / zu is preferably provided according to the invention that the profile rod each have an upper flange and a lower flange ujfv: eist, which are connected by a web, preferably to a Doonel T or I-profile. This arrangement offers the new desired structure and at the same time facilitates production in the mold, since the molded parts can be pulled off laterally. Zwecknäßigerveise by the belt is running at right angles to Verbindunasstea, vorzugsv; else additionally stiffened beiderseitiae Ouersteoe, incidentally, the zweckmäßia also vorzua also as section bars shaped insert rods <-'-: ei ^c ^ ^. 1 ^ T-Pr.? ":.; e -. '.:." - formed, which for the alignment of their upper edges nut der Lasttraaenden

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Surface are designed with tapered spigot ends.

The Träaer with I-profile are expediently still through recnf .-. 'inklia running to the connecting bridge, preferably on both sides, Transverse stiffeners are additionally stiffened, which increases the stability is further increased without difficulty in shaping. In the same way, with insert rods I-profile provide that the I-profile through at intervals successive Quersteae are additionally stiffened.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is obtained if the multi-deck design of the pallet is retained over its entire surface extension, including the areas where two carriers meet. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the two straps continue with kinking in another horizontal plane in the area of the insertion openings and / or the plug ends and / or the saddle points while maintaining a distance and there by aligned extensions of the connecting straps and, if necessary, the transverse webs of both straps are connected to each other.

The invention further relates to a plastic pallet, in particular for bottle crates, which is provided on its upper side with a iasttragenden surface whose edge is raised to the position of on the load bearing surface of the pallet to secure the stationary piece goods, the details optionally, but not not agile, as explained above , can be selected.

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A large number of single and multi-part plastic pallets are already known. MIe these pallets, however, suffer from the fact that the plastics currently available, unlike the materials previously used, such as wood or metal, throughbeaen quite considerably under load and z. T. suffer irreversible sagging after use, which favor sliding of the load from the central load-bearing surface. A generic known elevation of its edge (cf. e.g. DT-OS 1 932 637) in the manner of a circumferential wall can hold the load together, but only ensures protection against high loads sliding off the pallet at great heights.

phenomena Unfortunately, the above-mentioned deflections / are evident even with plastic pallets whose construction is specially designed for dimensional stability.

The invention is therefore also based on the object of such To offer the construction of a plastic pallet that it centers the load even when it is bent under heavy loads so actively prevents the load from sliding off the pallet, even if the pallet suffers irreversible deflections.

In order to ensure that when the edges of the pallet are slightly bent down under the load, the load cannot fall from the pallet - an extremely dangerous event, for example with pallets for bottle crates - it is provided according to the invention that the edge zone of the load-bearing surface is provided with elevations, which are so advantageous that all loads arranged on the edge of the load-bearing surface, such as bottle crates, are inclined towards the center of the pallet.

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This idea of the invention has general meaning in the most diverse Types of execution of plastic pallets. For example for multi-part plastic pallets which - like the embodiment of the invention - are put together from profile rods, this means that the elevations on the profile rods forming the frame of the pallet or, if such a frame is not provided is, are provided on the outer edges of the profile bars.

In adaptation to the proportions of the support of nine bottle crates on the load-bearing surface of a pallet it is preferably provided that in each case one elevation is continuous along one pair of sides of the pallet, preferably the shorter pair, and only one other in the middle of the length of the other pair of sides of the pallet is provided.

The elevations can basically be of various shapes Forms, knobs or the like. be educated. A particularly simple one Design and uniform support of the load are obtained if the elevations are designed like strips. Furthermore, they are expediently flattened like a lamp, so that the flattening then occurs even when the pallet is slightly bent can still provide extensive support for the load.

The surveys provided in this sense should not be confused with a raised edge of the load-bearing surface of the pallet, which is only intended for this (and in the Pallet according to the invention can also be provided) to prevent lateral slipping in the manner of a box pallet with very Stop shortened box walls. The difference to you

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such a raised edge can be seen especially in dr;.: t} ic: i, that the elevations provided for centering the loads expediently only about 2 mn compared to the central one load-bearing area of the pallet are increased.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference gene schenatischor Zeichnun to an embodiment. Show it:

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F, ig. 1 shows a partially sectioned plan view a pallet according to the invention;

FIGS. 2 to 5 are longitudinal sections of the carriers I to IV in FIG shown pallet on the same scale;

FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section of one which can be used in the pallet according to FIG. 1 Insert profile on the scale of FIG. 1; and

7 to 16, on an enlarged scale and in more detail, those already shown in simplified form in FIGS Plastic profile pieces, namely

Fig. 7 and δ longitudinal section and partially sectioned plan view to half the length of the carrier I according to FIG. 2;

7a to 7d are partial sections along the lines A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D in Figure 7;

9 and 10 longitudinal section and partially sectioned plan view to half the length of the carrier II according to FIG. 3;

9a to 9c partial sections along the lines A-A, B-β and C-C in Figure 9;

FIGS. 11 and 12 are longitudinal sections and partially sectioned plan views on aie half the length of the carrier III according to FIG. 4;

11a to 11d partial sections along lines A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D in Fig. 11;

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13 and 14 longitudinal section and partially sectioned plan view to half the length of the carrier IV according to FIG. 5;

FIGS. 13a to 13c are partial sections along the lines A-A, B-D and C-C of FIG. 13;

15 and 16 longitudinal section and partially sectioned plan view of the insert profile according to FIG. 6; and

FIG. 15a shows a cross section along the line A-A in FIG.

The flat pallet shown in Fig. 1 is expediently manufactured with a length of 1200 mm and a width of 100 mm and thus has the standard dimensions of pallets for bottle crates.

Eight beams are required for the basic structure of the pallet, two of which are identical in pairs. This is for the basic structure of the pallet only requires four types of carriers I to IV according to FIGS. 2 to 5. The basic structure of the pallet is also supplemented by insert profiles E according to FIG. 6. Both the beams I to IV and the insert profiles are in a shape prefabricated plastic profile pieces made of injection molding in the form of profile rods that are perpendicular to each other to a the grate forming the pallet according to FIG. 1 is positively plugged together.

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The pallet, labeled Io as a whole, has a frame its long sides of two facing carriers III and its two short sides of two facing each other Beams I are formed. These have tapered and rounded plug ends 12 at their two ends, which are positively engaged in corresponding Insertion openings 14 are inserted at the two ends of the carrier III. Above and below are the plug ends just to such a degree compared to the top or bottom of the central area of the profile bar reset that this top or bottom with the top or bottom of the Carrier III is aligned; at least this applies to the load-bearing area the pallet with the exception of the edge zone.

The carrier III have two further insertion openings in their middle 16, which are arranged close to one another symmetrically to the bisector plane of the length of the carrier III. In these insertion openings 16 are tapered and rounded plug ends 18 of the two carriers IV inserted in a form-fitting manner, with in turn, the degree of tapering above and below is chosen so that at least the top of the respective carrier IV with the load-bearing tops of the frame profile bars I and. III aligns. The lateral tapering of the insertion ends 18 is dimensioned so that the two supports IV come to rest against one another laterally, although the insertion ends are inserted into insertion openings 16 separated from one another by a partition 20.

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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! which symmetrically :: ur ilalbi erunpsebeno the length of the support I are arranged close to one another, but separated from one another ^{by a partition 2 1 I.} In these liinstecköf openings 22 are tapered and rounded plug ends 26 of the two carriers II inserted positively. The same applies to the extent of the tapering of the insertion ends 26 and the arrangement of the two supports r II in lateral contact as in the case of the support IV.

The two carriers II and the? two beams IV, which are arranged closely next to each other, form a cross bar with a crossing point in the center of the pallet Io. This cross bar has the effect of a pallet grating bridging the rectangular frame from girders I and III. V.'örenl at the connection points of the various plastic profile pieces located on the alettenrand, the plug-in connection of which is effected by penetration of one profile into the other by inserting plug-in ends 12, 18 and 24 into plug-in openings 1h , 16 and 22, which are the plug-in ends encompassing all around positively, the plug-in connection of the carrier II with the carrier IV at their intersection in the center of the pallet is obtained by hiding the carrier II, which is continuously formed on its upper side 28 beyond the center, onto the carrier IV; these also serve due to their plug connection with the frame pro ■

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filstäben III as a joist for the girders II. The load-bearing upper side 3o of the girders h is interrupted by a single central Sattelausnehr.ur.g 32. The two saddle recesses 32 of the two. Carrier IY aligned with one another and serve to Aufnahne of the two central webs 3 ^ both carrier II. Their central webs 3 ¹ * are the carrier II reset with respect to the two divided bottom 36 upwards so that the underside of the carrier II each have a central recess 38 forms, which are arranged in alignment with one another and ^{encompass the connecting web 1} Io of the carrier IV below the recess 32 thereof. The connecting web forms the aligned continuation of the underside 42 of the carrier IV below the saddle recess 32.

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the carrier II and also the carrier IV are each in pairs on a straight continuous side surface ¹ IM or H6 on one another. However, the outer side surfaces of the beams II have a central taper * (8. A corresponding central taper is provided on the outer side surfaces of the beams IV. The central tapers are each somewhat shorter than the length of the saddle-shaped support of the beams II and IV on one another and promote the rigidity of the interlocking plug-in connection in the center of the pallet thanks to the form-fitting stepped off at the side.

The flat pallet Io is designed as a double-deck pallet in that all Prcf " ¹ '! Bars I to IV each have an upper deck 50 and a lower

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deck 52, which only in the connector areas with each other are connected and between them wide engagement openings Leave 5 * 1 blank for forklift arms. Because these wide openings 5 * 1 on all four sides of the pallet Io, and not are provided only in the frame profile bars I and III, but also in the other profile bars II and IV, it is at the pallet Io to a real four-way pallet.

The engagement openings 5 ¹ I are because of the immediately adjacent arrangement of the two beams II and the two beams IV even so wide that a pallet truck can drive in on all four sides of the pallet. The free recesses of the pallet grate between the individual supports I to IV are dimensioned so that the swing-out or fold-out wheels or rollers of a pallet truck inserted into the pallet can reach through to the floor beneath the pallet without difficulty. On the other hand, such wide recesses are less desirable on the top of the pallet, as they form gaps that are too large in the load-bearing surface of the pallet and do not provide sufficient support, for example, for a layer of 3x3 slide boxes. For this reason, the additional insert profiles E according to FIG which, like the girders I to IV, are rod-like and made of injection-molded plastic, whose depth of 30 mm, however, only corresponds to the depth of the upper deck 50 of the various girders I to IV (whose total depth is l6o mm) and whose length is only about

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Half or a little less of the width of the pallet. These mission profiles E again have tapered and rounded plug ends 56, which in complementary plug-in openings 58 on the sides the upper deck 5o of the carrier II and III according to FIG. 1 are inserted so that the top 60 of the insert profiles E in the Level of the load-bearing surface of the pallet. One needs according to FIG. 1 between the supports I and IV in each grate opening only one insert profile E form-fitting on the pallet to insert a. for the location of 3x3 bottle crates get adequate support. The insert profiles E are, however, dimensioned so much wider than their plug ends 56, and it there is such a large number of insertion openings 5O in the carriers II and III that, if necessary, also by means of the insert profiles E the upper deck of the pallet Io can be designed to be completely closed. However, since the application profiles are only a small Have depth, they hinder the insertion of the pallet truck and the reaching through of its wheels between the beams I bis IV on the lower deck not. If necessary, you can also insert corresponding additional insert profiles in the lower deck to make this even more or less to close. If fork lift trucks are not required you can then also use insert profiles that have the same depth as the carrier I to IV.

To diagonally stiffen the pallet Io, there is 12 or 18 each has at least one further spring 62 running in the longitudinal direction thereof, each on the upper side and on the lower side

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of the plug-in end, which runs in its extension v, direction and to create a tongue-and-groove connection jev / r :! '. engages in a corresponding hat 64 on the upper side ur.d dor L'ntornoi to the insertion opening 14 or 16 in carrier III .

All four corners of the pallet are given away with curves G6, all of which are formed on the carriers III . In addition, the pallet is provided with a circumferential edge 68 as well as a grooved edge (not shown), which is expediently: designed complementary to a grooved bottom of the Laotians, for example the bottle crates.

The insertion ends of the carrier II and IV each have only one one-sided rounding 70 or 72, which complements the rounding of the other carrier of the pair of the same carrier to a full rounding.

Every plastic pallet has a certain tendency to sag under heavy loads. In order to maintain a centering of the loads to the center of the pallet even when the edges of the pallet are subjected to bending, the edge zones of the load-bearing surface are provided with elevations, which are distributed in such a way that all loads arranged at the edge of the load-bearing surface, such as bottle crates, incline towards the center the pallet received. For this purpose, a strip-like elevation 74 extends inwardly adjacent to the pallet edge G8 along the carrier I, continuously from one pallet edge to the other with an extension over the entire depth of the rounding 66 b:? ·. ·>. fnst half of the ■: ν i'ce ac -. Tr liters

7123996 07/17/75

I. Located at the transition to the load-bearing level 76 of the pallet a ramp-like flattening 78. A corresponding «strip-like Elevation 80 is provided in the middle of carrier III, which, however, only extends over r? A? middle third of the beam length extends. Both strip-like elevations 74 and 80 rise only about 2 mm above the load-bearing plane 76 and thus have still a smaller height than the raised edge 68 of the pallet, the height of which is not critical in detail and adapted to the needs can be.

Details of the structure of the carriers I to IV and the mission profile E and their mutual connection are explained below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 16. Here are the representations of the half carrier in Figs. 7-14 symmetrically to think complemented.

The upper deck 50 and the lower deck 52 of all carriers I to IV as well as the simple deck of the insert profile E are in each case for their part double-decked, as so-called double-T or I-profiles. These each have an upper web 82 and a lower web 84, which are generally horizontal and parallel one above the other and along central lines through a at right angles connecting web 86 are connected to the I-Proiil. The I-profiles are also at right angles to the Connecting web 86 running cross webs 88 on both sides in addition stiffened, which are provided at regular intervals along the I-profiles.

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- 28 -

In the case of the supports III according to FIG. 11, the I-profiles run through in alignment in the area of the insertion openings 1H and 16. The beams I, II and IV and the insert profiles E also continue their I profiles in the area of the plug ends 12, 26 and 18, as do the insert profiles E in the area of their plug ends 56. In the beams I, II and IV, however, buckle the I-profiles because of the tapering of the spigot ends in a different horizontal plane, while maintaining their mutual spacing within the spigot ends. In the case of the insert profiles E, the mutual spacing of the webs 82 and 84 is shortened only in the plug-in ends 56. In a manner similar to that of the spigot ends, the I-profiles of the beams II and IV also bend at the saddle points J> h and ho in a horizontally offset plane while maintaining their mutual spacing in the area of the saddle points. In all four girders I to IV, the I-profiles of the upper deck 5o and lower deck 52 are in the area of the insertion openings as well as in the area of the plug ends and the saddle points by aligned extensions 9o of the connecting webs 86 and also by aligned extensions 92 of the transverse webs 88 of both decks connected with each other. In the kinking area of the decks from one horizontal plane to another, additional diagonal transverse stiffening webs 9h are also provided as required, in particular in the area of the saddle points of girders II and IV there are still lateral sack openings 9? ~ Intended to avoid accumulations of material that are parallel to the crossbars

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83 and end in front of the connecting webs 86.

As can be seen in FIG. 11, the transverse webs 88 share between the upper webs »82 and the lower webs 8Ί <i. <? 5 T-Pr-ofils the insertion openings 58 for the plug ends 56 of the insert profiles E. This compartmentalization as well as the other specialist training: the carrier and insert profiles as well as the arrangement of the blind holes 96 can easily be obtained with an injection mold which is peeled off on both sides of the carrier after it has been formed.

From FIGS. 7b, 7d as well as 11b and lld it also emerges that the strip-shaped elevations 78 and 80 and the raised edge 68 of the pallet without reinforcing the ceiling of the upper webs 82 of the I-profile simply by relocating them accordingly to be won above.

It can also be seen in FIGS. 9b, 13b and 15a that normally the upper web 82 and the lower web 84 are equally wide and symmetrical to the connecting web 86 are arranged. The 30 ° bevels 98 in the lower deck 52 are an exception to this according to Fig. lic (both sides) and 9c and 13c (each on one side) and according to Fig, Hd, which are used to retract a pallet truck to facilitate via the lower deck. The incline of 30 ° on the lower deck is sufficient, for example, to accommodate rollers A pallet truck with a diameter of 80 mm can comfortably run up.

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- 3ο

Between the plug-in openings and the fork openings: 'föffnunger. ~> ^! 11, the carrier 3 has an additional stiffening element which has additional vertical webs loo and additional horizontal webs Io2 and a continuation Io4 of the outer rounding 66 into the interior. Moreover, in addition recovered nor a double wall IO8 to the end wall of the carrier Io6 HT next to the insertion opening 1Ί which limits the insertion I ¹ J. The other vertical boundary wall 92 of the insertion opening 1 * ΐ as well as the mentioned walls Io6 and Io8 each have a bore Ho, which are all aligned with one another along the axis of the carrier III. In addition, the insertion ends 12 of the carrier I according to FIGS. 7 and 7a have an additional vertical stiffening wall 112, which is designed in its center as a hollow cylinder 11Ί and is rigidly connected to the neighboring wall 92 by a horizontal transverse stiffening wall II6. When the spigot 12 of the carrier I enters the egg.

•. Plug opening I ^ of the carrier III is inserted, the aligns

j Drilling of the cabbage cylinder 114 with the holes Ho. Du. ch all

A screw bolt (not shown) can then be used to secure the

j tion of the plug connection of the carrier I with the carrier III inserted will. An additional securing of the plug connections of the other carriers and insert profiles with one another is then

: dutiful.

■ - Pressures -

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Claims (1)

- 31 - Protection claims 1. Multi-part plastic pallet, especially flat pallet for bottle crates, with a frame made of elongated external beams, the tops of each to form the load-bearing surface and the undersides of which each contribute to the formation of the support surface of the pallet, with a frame connected to the frame, a grate-forming and also contributing to the top and bottom of the pallet insert in the frame surrounding area, and with the openings of the pallet for 'forklift arms forming recesses in the frame between an upper chord and a lower chord of the respective external support, characterized in that each individually Prefabricated outer supports (I, III) are connected to one another in the direction of extent of the frame and a belt (5o or 52) of each external beam (I or III) over its entire extent as a profile bar with an upper (82) and a lower flange (84), which are connected to one another by a web (86), and that the insert (II or IV) from an upper (5o) contributing to the formation of the load-bearing surface and one to the formation of the supporting surface of the pallet contributing lower chord (52). 7123996 07/17/78 - 32 - 2. Plastic pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that g ο J: e η: ί draws, that dor stay (86) through right-angled;: a: n web (86) running cross bar (88) is additionally pre-stiffened. 3. Plastic pallet according to claim 1 cd- ~ -r 2, characterized in that the other belt (T> 2 or Lo) of the same external support (I or III) with an upper · "η (82) and a lower flange (84) thee are formed · actual interconnected by a -Steg (86). 4. Plastic pallet according to one of claims i to 3, characterized in that the frame consists of individual beams (I-I, IXI-III) that are identical in pairs. 5. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer supports (I, III) and / or the frame insert or its individual parts (II, IV) consist essentially of injection molding. 6. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least some carriers (I , III) are provided with a non-metallic reinforcing insert. 7123996 17.6771 - 33 - 7. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer carrier (I, III) are connected to one another by gluing. 8. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer supports (I, III) are connected to one another by welding. 9. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the frame is composed of individual external beams (I, III), of which at the connection points one engages with an insertion end (12) in an insertion opening (J4) of the other and is secured by fixing means, such as screw bolts. 10. Plastic pallet, in particular according to one of the claims 1 to 8 and claim 9, with one with connecting ends in complementary Receiving openings of the frame used separately first inner support, the underside of which also contributes to the bearing surface, characterized. that at least one second inner girder (IV) crossing the first inner girder (II) as a supporting girder is provided, the connecting ends of which (18) are also used in complementary receiving openings (22) of the frame, and that in the frame recessed engagement openings (54) for the forklift under 7123996 07/17/75 an upper one that also contributes to the load-bearing area Continue the belt (5o) of the following inner beam (II or IV). 11. Plastic pallet according to claim Io, characterized in that the respective first inner support (II) a saddle (32) of the respective second inner support (IV) rests and with a recess (38) the second inner support (IV) encompassed positively. 12. Plastic pallet according to claim 11, characterized by two identical first inner supports (II) and in pairs two identical second inner beams (IV) in pairs. 13. Plastic pallet according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner supports (II, IV) which are identical in pairs are each arranged directly next to one another. 14. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the upper flange (82) and the lower flange (84) of the profile rod are connected by a web (86) to form a double-T or I-profile. 15. Plastic pallet according to at least claim 2, characterized marked that the perpendicular to the connection 7123996 07/17/75 - 35 - extension web (86) extending transverse webs (88) of the belt are provided on both sides. i6. Kunbtafcö ££ peslette xjctuii ύόπ claims ί. , 3, i-5 or 15, characterized in that the two straps (5o; 52) are bent into another horizontal plane in the area of the insertion openings (14; 16; 22) and / or the plug ends (12; 18 ; 26) and / or the saddle points (32; 38) while maintaining a distance and are connected to one another there by aligned extensions (9o, 92) of the connecting webs and, if necessary, the transverse webs (88) of both straps. 17. Plastic pallet according to claim 16, characterized in that g e k e η η shows that in the kink area of the belts (5o, 52) from one to another horizontal plane additional diagonal Cross stiffening webs (94) are provided. 18. Plastic pallet according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that in transition corners of one In another horizontal plane, lateral bag recesses (96) are provided to avoid material accumulations. 19. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that at least 7123996 17.97.75 - 36 - partial closing of the openings between the girders (I, II, III, IV) in the facing sides each qeoenoverlying Carrier (II, III) insert rods (E) are lickable 20. Plastic pallet according to claim 1!), Characterized in that the insert rods (E) as I-profiles are designed with tapered spigot ends. 21. Plastic pallet according to claim 2o, characterized in that the I-profiles through at intervals successive cross members (88) are additionally stiffened. 22. Plastic pallet according to one of the claims? 9 to 21, characterized in that the plug ends (12; 18; 26) in the plug-in openings (14; 16; 22) of the frame part by a. Tongue and groove connection (62,64) preferably with springs (62) are secured against rotation at the top and bottom of the plug ends. 23. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 9 to 22, characterized in that the carrier and / or insert rods (I-IV; E) consist essentially of rigid foam. 24. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that at least some 7123996 07/17/75 - 37 - Insert rods (E) are provided with a non-metallic reinforcement insert. 25. Plastic pallet, in particular for bottle crates, which is provided on its upper side with a load-bearing surface, the edge of which is raised in order to secure the position of piece goods resting on the load-bearing surface of the pallet , in particular according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized that the edge zone of the load-bearing surface (76) itself is provided with elevations (74.8o) which are distributed so that all loads arranged at the edge of the load-bearing surface, such as bottle crates, are inclined towards the center of the pallet (lo) . 26. Plastic pallet according to claim 25, characterized in that in each case one elevation (74) continuously along a pair of sides (frame profile bars I) of the pallet, preferably the shorter pair (I), and only one other (8o) is provided in the middle area of the length of the other pair of sides (frame profile bars III) of the pallet. 27. Plastic pallet according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the elevations (74.8o) are formed like a strip. 7123996 07/17/75 - 38 - 28. Plastic pallet according to claim 27, characterized in that the elevations (74.8o) like a ramp are flattened (78). 29. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the elevations (74.8o) are about 2 mm in relation to the central load-bearing end Area (76) of the pallet (lo) are increased. 30. Plastic pallet according to one of claims 25 to 29 with frame profile bars forming a pallet frame, thereby characterized in that the elevations (74,8o) are formed on the frame profile bars (I, III). 7123996 07/17/75