DE7021330U - SHOCK ABSORBER FOR VEHICLES, ESPECIALLY OFF-ROAD DESIGN. - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVERTISER DR. D. LOÜlS '· ' - ' ^: ,,'', / '<'<·'

ti * '

85 NUREMBERG 'Keeelerplatz 1

Telephone 0911/558176 Telegrams: Castle patent

11 022

Willibald G r a m e r, 84-5 Amberg / Opf.

Shock absorbers for vehicles, especially off-road designs.

The invention relates to a shock absorber for vehicles, in particular an all-terrain type, with a cylinder and a piston guided in this, as well as a flowable - preferably incompressible - medium in the Inside the cylinder, for which it passes between the cylinder spaces formed on both sides of the piston end faces, these are in communication with one another.

In vehicles, shock absorbers are arranged in parallel arrangements to cushioning devices and have the task of quickly, pre- ■ '.; ■■ the possible vibrations caused by the suspension. preferably aperiodically, to be dampened. On the other hand, this damping should restrict the spring movement as little as possible. However, if a vehicle is usually moving on a slippery road surface, for example passenger vehicles, small-

rer amplitude the attenuation can be made weaker.

The shock absorbers will therefore be quite different Damping capacity built into all-terrain vehicles and passenger cars. Now drives an all-terrain and thus heavily shock-absorbing vehicle, for example a truck, on a slippery road surface, the spring movement is through the strong damping makes it unnecessarily difficult, which is noticeable in an uncomfortable overloading of the driver's spine. If, on the other hand, one-pegson force is found in a smooth roadway in potholes or other significant unevenness in the ground, the shock absorption ε "> β turns out to be too weak; the suspension can be compressed over its entire travel will.

With the present invention, a shock absorber is to be made available which, in the case of smaller movement strokes, corresponding to journeys on a smooth track, provides less damping the suspension movement than with large movement strokes, as they occur and must be recorded when driving on uneven roads, for example in open terrain.

This is based on the shock absorber described at the beginning achieved according to the invention in that the connection (between the cylinder spaces of the shock absorber formed on both sides of the piston end faces) over a certain partial area

Pistonbubetreok « ■ "". . **
. -Ill • · *
ι · ·
I t
I · · » opposite the rest area Piston stroke distance - 3 - • Passage cross-section on the shows. away «in the enlarged

Due to the enlarged cross-section of the durometer and thus the reduced flow resistance for the flow medium the specific sub-range of the piston stroke distance becomes a smaller sliding resistance of the piston and thus a lower damping of the cushioning movements occurring in this area on a slippery road surface. With piston stroke movements beyond this range into the piston stroke distances on both sides of the specific section in, as they occur with Abfederungsbeweguägeä higher amplitude, is the The passage of the flow medium is made more difficult due to the lack of an enlarged passage cross section. In these piston stroke distances outside the sub-area, the transfer is used of the flow medium only the openings which are known to be provided in the piston.

In principle, all shock absorbers, including those of a pneumatic design, can be designed in accordance with the load as soon as the pressure medium passes from one of the cylinder spaces formed on both sides of the piston into the other he follows. It is preferable, however, to use hydraulic shock absorbers · Of course, shock absorbers can according to the invention also have special valve devices

S3n, with the help of which the sliding resistance of the piston in -

The direction of the energy storage stroke of the suspension is kept lower can be than in the opposite direction. Also shock absorbers can be designed according to the invention with adjustable damping capacity. They provide an enlarged The passage cross-section over the specific partial area of the piston stroke can take place in many ways · Basically such a passage enlargement on the piston can are provided. However, because it depends on a control along the piston stroke path, this can be mechanically complex. The enlarged passage cross section is therefore preferred be formed on the cylinder.

Such an enlargement of the passage cross-section could be achieved, for example, by means of a pipeline that encompasses the specific piston stroke sub-area and opens with its ends at the point of the beginning and the end of the sub-area into the interior of the cylinder. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the enlarged passage cross section is formed by one or more bite-directed bulges of the inner wall of the cylinder. Such bulges can be grooves machined into the cylinder wall, for example. Preferably, however, the cylinder material is bulged the Hantelwandung of the cylinder at the locations of bulges outward with respect to an overall economic Liehe possible utilization. In particular, the bulges or bulges are so narrow with respect to the cylinder circumference that they also guide the piston on its outer surface

ensure the specific sub-area. Laduroh avoids double bearings for the pistons.

The bulges can in principle run obliquely or spirt ^4. £ to the direction of piston movement. In some cases, however, they are designed to run parallel to the piston displacement direction. Such an arrangement is particularly simpler to manufacture f. If two or more bulges are provided, they can be shifted relative to one another in such a way that an overall correspondingly large passage opening is created in the central area of the specific sub-area, which is due to one or both ends of the sub-area

decreasing the number of effective bulges. « "· ■ - 'i

Such a damping capacity varied within the sub-area is, however, also by means of one or more, in each case Curvatures extending over the entire lifting distance section are possible by making the passage cross-section of the individual bulge along their length varies accordingly. In many cases, however, it will be sufficient to merely insert the protrusions into the Znnenwandung of the cylinder tapering ends to form continuously tapering, thus an approximately shock-free transition of the piston movement from the stroke length sub-area into one of the adjoining stroke length areas is achieved.

In particular in all-terrain and very robust vehicles, driver seats are often found that are spring-loaded with respect to their mounting on the vehicle. Particularly preferred

The objection is made in connection with the requirements of the shock absorber used with such a seat cushioning.

Further features of the invention emerge from the following description of the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it

, Figure 1 is a side view of a Ausführungsungsbeispia.es according to

the invention; . FIG. 2 shows a partial longitudinal section through the example according to FIG

FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the line III-III in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 shows a partial representation of a somewhat modified embodiment of the shock absorber according to FIG. 1.

The shock absorber shown can, for example, parallel to the cushioning device can be formed between a seat and its attachment to the vehicle. In cylinder 1 a piston 2 is guided, the piston rod 3 from the one Front side of the cylinder is led out. The free end of the piston rod 3 has a thread 4 for attachment on one of the two seat parts to be connected to one another in a cushioned manner. At the opposite, closed end of the Cylinder 1 there is an eyelet 5 for supporting the other of these two seat parts. In the designated 6 Partial areas of the entire piston stroke length, which extends beyond this partial area on both sides, are symmetrical Distributed over the circumference and moving in the direction of displacement of the

I I ·

• I ·

Κλ.ο "- * arranged extending four bulges 7, the infinite. Lurch corresponding, rib-shaped bulges 8 of the Zy3 \ üdermanteiwandung are gef or it. In Pigur 2 is the piston 2 shown in three different shift positions. In the upper and lower of the illustrated displacement positions, the Kolbeojautelwandung lies against the cylinder inner wall 9 in a sealing manner. When the piston moves in this position, the pressurized oil must pass through the piston in a known manner penetrating bores, which are not shown here, pass through. , The effective total cross-section of these projections is in sub-area 6 by the total cross-section of the Bulges 7 enlarged. This means that the hydraulic fluid can move much more easily when the piston is displaced formed by one of the two sides of the Kolbeast foreheads th cylinder spaces in the other cross. The piston 2 can accordingly be much lighter in the sub-area 6 move, resulting in a correspondingly lower damping of the spring arrangement connected in parallel to the shock absorber given is.

The cross-section according to FIG. 3 shows that, due to the expansion of the bulges 7, which in each case only extends over a fraction of the circumference, the piston 2 also is guided securely on the cylinder inner wall 9 in the sub-area 6.

The partial representation of the cylinder 2 according to FIG. 4 shows a

slightly different shape of the bulges 10 of the cylinder jacket wall. The extending approximately parallel to the Kolbenbubrichtung Carrion e concavities are almost designed to taper from the center to their ends UEU hie oils both with respect to their radial | Extent as well as in terms of its width in the circumferential direction. The bulges formed by the bulges 10 have a corresponding transverse design. Such a configuration of the overall effective penetration cross section as a function of the displacement position of the piston within the sub-area achieves a damping characteristic that changes within this sub-area. In particular, the transition from Λ '?. «lailboreicb In the adjoining remaining lifting distance sections particularly smoothly.

The innovation is not limited to the following claims. Associated with it are all the features from the above description and the drawing, which are clearly inventive due to the ■ state of the art ..Ind.

Claims (1)

Protection requirements 1. Shock absorbers for vehicles, especially off-road design, with a cylinder and a piston guided in this so ^M i «a fluid - preferably incompressible - medium inside the cylinder, for the passage of which between the cylinder spaces formed on both sides of the piston end faces these are connected to one another , characterized in that the connection over a certain partial area (6) of the piston stroke path has a passage cross-section (7) which is larger than the remaining area of the piston stroke path. 2. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the enlarged passage cross section is formed by one or more outwardly directed bulges (7) of the inner wall (9) of the cylinder (1). 3. Shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the oder.die bulges (7) occupy only a fraction of the circumference of the inner wall (9) of the cylinder (1) overall at each point of the piston stroke part region (6). 4. Shock absorber according to one or both of claims 2 • 1 I 1 ·! It · - 10 - and 3 »rewarded by the fact that the bulge;"''_; or bulges (7) run parallel to the piston stroke '"' ... Shock absorber according to one or more of the claims 2 to 4-, characterized in that several over the circumference of the cylinder (1) evenly distributed arranged bulges (7) each over the entire Extending the lifting distance section (6) 6. Shock absorber according to one or more of the claims 2 to 5t characterized in that the transitions of the bulge or bulges (7) 8tu.?**~Ll&3 in the inner ' wall (9) of the cylinder to fiöü remaining stroke distances on both sides of the stroke distance sub-area (6) am expiring are trained. 7 »Shock absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that the binding areas of the bulge or bulges (7) are designed to taper with respect to the circumferential direction. 8. Shock absorber according to one or more of the claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the bulges (7) of the inner cylinder wall (9) by outwardly directed bulges (8j 10) of the cylinder jacket wall are formed.