DE69806195D1 - Mit Glas imprägnierte faserverstärkte Keramik und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung - Google Patents
Mit Glas imprägnierte faserverstärkte Keramik und Verfahren zu deren HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE69806195D1 DE69806195D1 DE69806195T DE69806195T DE69806195D1 DE 69806195 D1 DE69806195 D1 DE 69806195D1 DE 69806195 T DE69806195 T DE 69806195T DE 69806195 T DE69806195 T DE 69806195T DE 69806195 D1 DE69806195 D1 DE 69806195D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- production
- impregnated fiber
- reinforced ceramics
- ceramics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/185—Mullite 3Al2O3-2SiO2
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5611—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on titanium carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
- C04B35/571—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained from Si-containing polymer precursors or organosilicon monomers
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- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6269—Curing of mixtures
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62884—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by gas phase techniques
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
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- C04B2235/5252—Fibers having a specific pre-form
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- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
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- C04B2235/5252—Fibers having a specific pre-form
- C04B2235/5256—Two-dimensional, e.g. woven structures
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- C04B2235/614—Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
- Y10T428/249956—Void-containing component is inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
- Y10T428/249956—Void-containing component is inorganic
- Y10T428/249957—Inorganic impregnant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2907—Staple length fiber with coating or impregnation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9067045A JP2952206B2 (ja) | 1997-03-19 | 1997-03-19 | ガラス含浸繊維強化セラミックスおよびその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69806195D1 true DE69806195D1 (de) | 2002-08-01 |
DE69806195T2 DE69806195T2 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
Family
ID=13333492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69806195T Expired - Lifetime DE69806195T2 (de) | 1997-03-19 | 1998-03-18 | Mit Glas imprägnierte faserverstärkte Keramik und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6071603A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0866041B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2952206B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69806195T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002362981A (ja) * | 2001-06-11 | 2002-12-18 | Univ Hiroshima | セラミックス基複合材料の製造方法およびセラミックス基複合材料 |
US7641941B2 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2010-01-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Oxidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites |
DE10328612B4 (de) | 2003-06-25 | 2009-04-09 | Aco Severin Ahlmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Oberflächenentwässerungseinrichtung |
GB2426756A (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-06 | Huntercombe Consultancy Ltd | Porous body containing within its pores a chemically bonded phosphate ceramic |
US20070154712A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Mazany Anthony M | Oxidation inhibition of carbon-carbon composites |
US8105967B1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2012-01-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Lightweight ballistic armor including non-ceramic-infiltrated reaction-bonded-ceramic composite material |
EP2292357B1 (de) | 2009-08-10 | 2016-04-06 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh.-Herbst GmbH & Co KG | Keramikgegenstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Gegenstands |
US20110219775A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Jarmon David C | High tolerance controlled surface for ceramic matrix composite component |
US8900661B2 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2014-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of filling porosity of ceramic component |
US8545938B2 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-10-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of fabricating a ceramic component |
JP5916088B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | セラミック繊維強化複合材料の製造方法およびセラミック繊維強化複合材料 |
EP3046892B1 (de) * | 2013-09-19 | 2020-03-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Methode zum verdichten eines cmc-artikels |
EP3057747B1 (de) | 2013-10-14 | 2020-01-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Anordnung und verfahren für spritzpressen |
EP3057756B1 (de) | 2013-10-14 | 2019-11-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Anordnung und verfahren für spritzpressen |
US10087101B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-10-02 | Goodrich Corporation | Formulations for oxidation protection of composite articles |
CN109071321A (zh) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-12-21 | 阿普特里奥有限责任公司 | 金属玻璃大复合材料与组合物以及制造方法 |
US10377675B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2019-08-13 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US10465285B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2019-11-05 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US10508206B2 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2019-12-17 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US10767059B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2020-09-08 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US10526253B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2020-01-07 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
JP6680668B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2020-04-15 | 東京窯業株式会社 | 蓄熱体の製造方法 |
US11046619B2 (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2021-06-29 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US11634213B2 (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2023-04-25 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for composites |
US12065380B2 (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2024-08-20 | Goodrich Corporation | High temperature oxidation protection for carbon-carbon composites |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4341826A (en) * | 1980-02-13 | 1982-07-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Internal combustion engine and composite parts formed from silicon carbide fiber-reinforced ceramic or glass matrices |
JPS57123878A (en) | 1981-01-22 | 1982-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Manufacture of inorganic moldings |
US4435455A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-03-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Compliant composite tubular liners of fiber reinforced glass/glass-ceramic having utility as gun barrel liners |
FR2640619A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-06-22 | Europ Propulsion | Procede pour la protection anti-oxydation de produits en materiau composite contenant du carbone, et produits obtenus par le procede |
JPH0379313A (ja) | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-04 | Inoue Mtp Co Ltd | 異硬度クッション体の製造方法とそれに用いる異硬度クッション体の発泡成形型 |
EP0452275A1 (de) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-10-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Artikeln aus Material mit einem abhängigen Gradienten |
FR2685693B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-30 | 1994-06-03 | Europ Propulsion | Procede de realisation d'une protection contre l'oxydation de produits en materiau composite, et produits ainsi proteges. |
FR2685694B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-30 | 1994-06-03 | Europ Propulsion | Procede pour la protection contre l'oxydation de produits en materiau composite contenant du carbone, et produits obtenus par le procede. |
US5545450A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1996-08-13 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
JP2642604B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-08-20 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 繊維強化セラミックスの製造方法 |
US5851647A (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-12-22 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Nonwoven metal and glass |
-
1997
- 1997-03-19 JP JP9067045A patent/JP2952206B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-13 US US09/041,681 patent/US6071603A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-18 EP EP98104926A patent/EP0866041B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-18 DE DE69806195T patent/DE69806195T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 US US09/451,516 patent/US6460374B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6460374B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
EP0866041A2 (de) | 1998-09-23 |
JPH10259070A (ja) | 1998-09-29 |
EP0866041B1 (de) | 2002-06-26 |
DE69806195T2 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
EP0866041A3 (de) | 1998-10-14 |
US6071603A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
US20010037659A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
JP2952206B2 (ja) | 1999-09-20 |
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