DE663006C - Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers - Google Patents

Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers

Info

Publication number
DE663006C
DE663006C DEA81094D DEA0081094D DE663006C DE 663006 C DE663006 C DE 663006C DE A81094 D DEA81094 D DE A81094D DE A0081094 D DEA0081094 D DE A0081094D DE 663006 C DE663006 C DE 663006C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
glass fibers
fibers
glass
etching
processes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEA81094D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Lambert Jansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GERRESHEIMER GLASHUETTENWERKE
Original Assignee
GERRESHEIMER GLASHUETTENWERKE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GERRESHEIMER GLASHUETTENWERKE filed Critical GERRESHEIMER GLASHUETTENWERKE
Priority to DEA81094D priority Critical patent/DE663006C/en
Priority to FR829393D priority patent/FR829393A/en
Priority to GB31601/37A priority patent/GB511594A/en
Priority to DEN42204D priority patent/DE747828C/en
Priority to GB20483/38A priority patent/GB516826A/en
Priority to NL88813A priority patent/NL54027C/xx
Priority to CH248746D priority patent/CH248746A/en
Priority to FR840755D priority patent/FR840755A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE663006C publication Critical patent/DE663006C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/08—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
    • B01J39/02—Processes using inorganic exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
    • C03C25/475—Coatings containing composite materials containing colouring agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/60—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
    • C03C25/601—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags by diffusing ions or metals into the surface in the liquid phase, e.g. using solutions or molten salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/66—Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment
    • C03C25/68—Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment by etching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/0076—Dyeing with mineral dye
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
    • H01J9/06—Machines therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/18—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type built-up from several layers to increase operating surface, i.e. alternately conductive and dielectric layers

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Description

Glasfasern und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasfasern Aus Glas lassen sich mit geeigneten Hilfsmitteln Fäden herstellen, die in ihrer Feinheit und Biegsamkeit kaum hinter den wichtigsten Textilrohstoffen, wie Wolle, Baumwolle, Zellwolle, Seide, zurückstehen.Glass Fibers and Processes for Making Glass Fibers From Glass Let Use suitable tools to produce threads that are fineness and flexible hardly behind the most important textile raw materials such as wool, cotton, rayon, silk, stand back.

Seit einiger Zeit wird diese sog. Glaswolle auch bereits zum Verspinnen und Verweben verwendet. Die Zerreißfestigkeit der daraus hergestellten Fäden, Garne und Gewebe ist infolge der hohen Festigkeit des Glases sehr gut. Auch die Schmiegsamkeit ist ganz wesentlich besser, als man im Hinblick auf die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Glases erwarben sollte. Besonders gute Ergebnisse erzielt man, wenn man möglichst schon beim Herstellen der Glaswolle oder aber bei der Weiterverarbeitung ein Bindemittel zusetzt, das das Gleiten der einzelnen Fasern aneinander beeinflußt.For some time now, this so-called glass wool has also been used for spinning and weaving used. The tensile strength of the threads, yarns made from it and tissue is very good due to the high strength of the glass. Also the suppleness is way better than you can in terms of physical properties of the glass should be acquired. You will get particularly good results if you can A binding agent either during the manufacture of the glass wool or during further processing adds that affects the sliding of the individual fibers on each other.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung soll die Oberfläche .der Glasfasern durch ein chemisches Verfahren aufgerauht werden, um dadurch das Haften oder Reiben der einzelnen Fasern aneinander zu vergrößern. Die rauhe Oberfläche wird mit den an sich bekannten Ätzmitteln für Glas erzeugt, wie z. B. Flußsäure oder Fluoralkalien in saurer Lösung. Durch die Wahl des Ätzmittels, durch seine Konzentration und durch die Dauer der Einwirkung kann die Feinheit und Tiefe der Ätzung und damit die Rauhigkeit der Oberfläche weitgehend beeinflußt werden.According to the present invention, the surface of the glass fibers be roughened by a chemical process, thereby sticking or rubbing to enlarge the individual fibers on each other. The rough surface becomes with the produced per se known etchants for glass, such as. B. hydrofluoric acid or fluoroalkali in acidic solution. Through the choice of the etchant, through its concentration and through the duration of the action can determine the fineness and depth of the etching and thus the roughness the surface can be largely influenced.

Zur Ausführung .der Ätzung werden die Glasfasern unmittelbar nach dem Herstellen oder zu einem beliebigen späteren Zeitpunkt in ein Ätzbad gebracht, anschließend in ein Spülbad und dann getrocknet. Vorteilhaft werden die Fasern als fortlaufender Strang oder Matte durch die Bäder und Trockenvorrichtung geführt. Das Spülbad kann Stoffe enthalten, die die Ätzung schnell unterbrechen, oder man kann ein besonderes Unterbrechen bad zwischen das Ätz- und Spülbad einschalten. Man kann ferner das Ätzmittel versprüht oder als feinen Strahl oder auch gas-oder .dampfförmig mit den Glasfasern in Berührung bringen. Die Vorzüge der Glasfasern mit aufgerau ter Oberfläche für die in Betracht kommend Anwendungsgebiete sind erheblich. Die Obet.=;7" fläche der Glasfasern ist von Natur aus sö#' glatt wie bei kaum einem anderen Faserstoff. Infolgedessen lassen sich Glasfasern mit naturglatter Oberfläche nur dann zu Fäden oder Garn verarbeiten, wenn die einzelnen Fasern sehr lang oder endlos sind, oder wenn sie ein Haftmittel enthalten, das die fehlende Haftfähigkeit der einzelnen Fasern aneinander ersetzt. Hinzu kommt, daß der Glasfaser jede Kräuselung fehlt, die bei den meisten Faserstoffen die Haftfähigkeit sehr erhöht.To carry out the etching, the glass fibers are placed in an etching bath immediately after production or at any later point in time, then in a rinsing bath and then dried. The fibers are advantageously passed through the baths and drying device as a continuous strand or mat. The rinsing bath can contain substances that quickly interrupt the etching, or you can switch a special interruption bath between the etching and rinsing bath. You can also use the etchant sprayed or as a fine jet or even in gas or vapor form with the glass fibers bring into contact. The advantages of fiberglass with rough ter surface for those eligible Areas of application are considerable. The obet. =; 7 " The surface of the glass fibers is naturally so smooth as hardly any other fiber material. As a result, glass fibers with a naturally smooth surface can only be processed into threads or yarn if the individual fibers are very long or endless, or if they contain an adhesive that replaces the lack of adhesion of the individual fibers to one another. In addition, the glass fiber lacks any crimp that greatly increases the adhesive strength of most fiber materials.

Bei der Verwendung von Glasfasern mit rauher Oberfläche werden diese Schwierigkeiten verringert oder fallen ganz fort. Das Material läßt sich auch bei kurzer Faserlänge (Stapel) verspinnen. Dies ist z. B. eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Herstellung von D7ischgarnen, -,die in einem Faden Glasfasern und andere Faserstoffe enthalten. Auch bei großer Faserlänge ist die rauhe Oberfläche vorteilhaft, ,denn wenn in einem Faden aus glatten Fasern in einem kleineren Längenabschnitt ein Teil der Fasern reißt, so geht die Festigkeit des Fadens um den gleichen Teil zurück, und zwar auch, wenn die Bruchstellen der einzelnen Fasern nicht genau nebeneinanderliegen. Bei Fasern mit rauher Oberfläche geht die Festigkeit in diesem Fall ziel weniger zurück.When using glass fibers with a rough surface, these Difficulties are reduced or eliminated entirely. The material can also be used short fiber length (staple). This is e.g. B. an important requirement for the production of mixed yarns, - which in a thread glass fibers and others Contain fiber. The rough surface is advantageous even with long fiber lengths, because if in a thread of smooth fibers in a smaller length section if some of the fibers tear, the strength of the thread is about the same back, even if the breakpoints of the individual fibers are not exactly next to each other. In the case of fibers with a rough surface, the strength is less in this case return.

Ferner äst bei Fasern mit rauher Oberfläche die Verwendung von Klebemitteln nicht mehr. erforderlich, oder aber man kommt mit ganz Ueinen Mengen aus. Dies ist ebenfalls für tianche Anwendungen sehr erwünscht, bei- i@ @ weise für die Herstellung hochwertiger grischer Isolierungen. Wenn man, um eine bßere Geschm@eidigkeät und ein besseres l@,iten zu erzielen, ein Bindemittel nicht ganz fortlassen will, so verwendet man zweckmäßig solche, die nur schmierend wirken, wie z. B. Emulsionen von ölen, Fetten oder Wachsen in Wasser. Furthermore, the use of adhesives is no longer a problem for fibers with a rough surface. required, or you can come with it entirely U a lot of. This is also for tianche applications are very desirable, both i @ @ wise for the production of high quality Greek isolations. If you go to a better discretion and a better one l @, iten to achieve a binder not quite want to leave out, one uses appropriately those that only have a lubricating effect, such as B. Emulsions of oils, fats or waxes in water.

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Glasfasern, insbesondere solche für die Weiterverarbeitung nach den in der Textilindustrie üblichen Verfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihnen eine durch Ätzen aufgerauhte Oberfläche gegeben äst. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Glass fibers, in particular those for further processing according to the methods customary in the textile industry, characterized in that given them a roughened surface by etching. 2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasfasern nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aufrauhen der Gla sfaseroberfläche durch Ätzen mit Chemikalien, vorzugsweise mit Flußsäur e oder A1kaläsalzen der Flußsäure in saurer Lösung, erzeugt wird. 2. Method of manufacture of glass fibers according to claim i, characterized in that the roughening of the glass Fiber surface by etching with chemicals, preferably with hydrofluoric acid or alkali salts hydrofluoric acid in acidic solution. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, :daß die Glasfasern 11s fortlaufender Strang oder Matte durch ein Säurebad, Spülbad und Trockenvorrichtung ,geführt werden. q.. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, .daß die Fasern nachdem Aufrauhen mit einem Haftmittel benetzt werden, vorzugsweise mit öl-, Fett-,oder Wachsemulsionen.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the glass fibers 11s continuous strand or mat through a Acid bath, rinsing bath and drying device. q .. method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized .that the fibers after roughening with an adhesive are wetted, preferably with oil, fat, or wax emulsions.
DEA81094D 1936-11-18 1936-11-18 Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers Expired DE663006C (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA81094D DE663006C (en) 1936-11-18 1936-11-18 Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers
FR829393D FR829393A (en) 1936-11-18 1937-11-17 Glass fiber treatment process
GB31601/37A GB511594A (en) 1936-11-18 1937-11-17 A new and improved method of treating glass fibres
DEN42204D DE747828C (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-10 Process for dyeing finished glass fibers
GB20483/38A GB516826A (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-11 A method of colouring glass fibres or other silicious fibres
NL88813A NL54027C (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-13
CH248746D CH248746A (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-13 Process for dyeing glass fibers and glass fiber dyed according to the same.
FR840755D FR840755A (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-16 Process for treating glass fibers or other similar silica-based materials, and novel products thus obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA81094D DE663006C (en) 1936-11-18 1936-11-18 Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers
US248746XA 1937-07-16 1937-07-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE663006C true DE663006C (en) 1938-07-27

Family

ID=25944929

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEA81094D Expired DE663006C (en) 1936-11-18 1936-11-18 Glass fibers and processes for making glass fibers
DEN42204D Expired DE747828C (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-10 Process for dyeing finished glass fibers

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEN42204D Expired DE747828C (en) 1936-11-18 1938-07-10 Process for dyeing finished glass fibers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CH (1) CH248746A (en)
DE (2) DE663006C (en)
FR (2) FR829393A (en)
GB (2) GB511594A (en)
NL (1) NL54027C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE749011C (en) * 1937-04-10 1944-11-15 Actien Ges Der Gerresheimer Gl Process for increasing the tensile strength and flexibility of glass fibers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2617874A (en) * 1950-02-16 1952-11-11 Pennsylvania Res Corp System for the production of a high-pressure sound field

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1730609A (en) * 1927-10-17 1929-10-08 Grossman Morris Process of manufacturing synthetic mineral fibers
GB352681A (en) * 1930-06-13 1931-07-16 Werner Luedke Process for producing asbestos and mineral artificial fibres

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE749011C (en) * 1937-04-10 1944-11-15 Actien Ges Der Gerresheimer Gl Process for increasing the tensile strength and flexibility of glass fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB511594A (en) 1939-08-21
CH248746A (en) 1947-05-31
FR840755A (en) 1939-05-03
GB516826A (en) 1940-01-12
FR829393A (en) 1938-06-23
NL54027C (en) 1943-03-15
DE747828C (en) 1944-10-16

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