DE628533C - Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors - Google Patents

Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors

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Publication number
DE628533C
DE628533C DEI41091D DEI0041091D DE628533C DE 628533 C DE628533 C DE 628533C DE I41091 D DEI41091 D DE I41091D DE I0041091 D DEI0041091 D DE I0041091D DE 628533 C DE628533 C DE 628533C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas
separation
compressors
gas mixtures
liquefaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEI41091D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Fritz Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Original Assignee
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IG Farbenindustrie AG filed Critical IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority to DEI41091D priority Critical patent/DE628533C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE628533C publication Critical patent/DE628533C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/84Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/86Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/12Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Trennung von Gasgemischen durch fraktionierte Verflüssigung unter Anwendung von hohen, mittels Kompressoren erzielten Drucken Die Trennung von Gasgemischen erfolgt in der Technik vielfach durch fraktionierte Verflüssigung. Diese wird entweder durch einfache Kompression der Gase bewirkt, z. B. bei der Ausscheidung von Benzindämpfen, Pentan, Butan, Amylen, Butylen usw., aus Erdgasen oder den Abgasen von Petroleumraffinerien oder Krackanlagen, oder sie wird in Luft- oder Kokereigasverflüssigungsapparaten, z. B. nach Linde oder Claude, ausgeführt. Die Zerlegung der Gase wird bei diesen Verfahren durch den Umstand sehr erschwert, daß beim Arbeiten unter hohem Druck die Dichteunterschiede zwischen Flüssigkeit und Gas oft nicht genügend groß sind, wie z. B. bei der Trennung von Äthylen, Propylen, Athan und Methan enthaltenden Gemischen, die durch Krackung von Öldämpfen bei hoher Temperatur erhalten werden. Bei der Trennung von Gas und Flüssigkeit wird hierbei leicht Flüssigkeit in Nebel- oder Tröpfchenform mit dem nicht verflüssigten Gas fortgeführt, so daß man dadurch keine reinen Gase, sondern durch die nebelförmig mitgerissenen, später wieder verdampften Bestandteile verunreinigte Gasgemische erhält.Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures obtained by means of compressors The separation of In technology, gas mixtures often take place through fractional liquefaction. This is achieved either by simply compressing the gases, e.g. B. in excretion from gasoline vapors, pentane, butane, amylene, butylene, etc., from natural gases or the exhaust gases from petroleum refineries or cracking plants, or it is used in air or coke oven gas liquefaction equipment, z. B. after Linde or Claude executed. The decomposition of the gases is carried out with these Process made very difficult by the fact that when working under high pressure the density differences between liquid and gas are often not large enough, such as B. in the separation of ethylene, propylene, ethane and methane containing Mixtures obtained by cracking oil vapors at high temperature. When separating gas and liquid, liquid is easily converted into mist or droplet form continued with the non-liquefied gas, so that one thereby no pure gases, but through the mist-like entrained gases, which later evaporated again Contains contaminated gas mixtures.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß man bei diesem Verfahren eine vorzügliche Trennung der Gasgemische erzielt, wenn man die durch Nebel oder Tröpfchen verunreinigten, unter hohem Druck stehenden Gase durch ein Elektrofilter schickt, in dem unter dem Einfluß eines Hochspannungsfeldes die Nebel oder Tröpfchen an die eine der beiden Elektroden wandern, um dort nach Entladung als Flüssigkeit herunterzurieseln. Es war zwar bekannt, daß es möglich ist, die Abgase von Hochöfen und Röstöfen sowie Generatorgas durch Elektrofilter von Schwebeteilchen zu befreien. Es war auch schon gelungen, in einem mit Hochdruckgas gefüllten Raum starke elektrische Felder zu erzeugen. Es war aber nicht bekannt, daß die ungenügende Trennung von Gasgemischen bei der Verflüssigung durch mitgeführte Flüssigkeitsnebel bedingt ist, die sich infolge der geringen Dichteunterschiede zwischen den verflüssigten und unter hohem Druck stehenden gasförmigen Stoffen leicht bilden und nur sehr schwer abscheiden, und daß diese Schwierigkeiten durch Verwendung eines Elektrofilters behoben werden und hierdurch eine vorzügliche Zerlegung des Gases ermöglicht wird.It has now been found that this method is excellent Separation of the gas mixtures is achieved when the contaminated by mist or droplets, sends high pressure gases through an electrostatic precipitator in which the Influence of a high voltage field the mist or droplets on one of the two Electrodes migrate in order to trickle down there as a liquid after discharge. It Although it was known that it is possible to remove the exhaust gases from blast furnaces and roasting ovens as well To free generator gas from suspended particles by means of electrostatic precipitators. It was already succeeded in creating strong electric fields in a room filled with high pressure gas produce. But it was not known that the insufficient separation of gas mixtures is due to the liquefaction by entrained liquid mist, which due to the small density differences between the liquefied and under high Easily form gaseous substances under pressure and separate them only with great difficulty, and that these difficulties are eliminated by using an electrostatic precipitator and thereby an excellent decomposition of the gas is made possible.

Das Elektrofilter kann je nach der Stelle, an der es Verwendung finden soll, verschiedenartig gebaut werden. Es besteht z. B. aus einem geerdeten Hochdruckrohr als Niederschlagselektrode, an dessen Innenwand gegebenenfalls passende Führungskörper angebracht sind, die die herabrieselnde Flüssigkeit gegen__Zerstäubtwerden durch den aufsteigenden Gasstrom schützen. Zentral in dem Hochdruckrohr is.t isoliert die Sprühelektrode aufgehängt, die aus einem Draht oder einer Stange von guter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit oder aus einem Halbleiter bestehen kann. An Stelle der Stange kann auch ein Rohr oder Netzgeflecht verwendet werden. Zwischen beiden Elektroden wird eine Gleichspannung von ioooo bis iooooo Volt, vorzugsweise etwa 4o bis 50 ooo Volt, angelegt. Unter dem Einfluß des elektrischen Feldes trennen sich Gas und Nebel. Die Polarität der zentralen Elektrode wird so gewählt, daB die Nebeltröpfchen an die Außenelektrode wandern. An Stelle der hier beschriebenen Anordnung kann ein ganzes Bündel von einfachen Rohren in einem weiten Hochdruckrohr angeoränet werden, wobei jedes Rohr des Bündels seine eigene Zentralelektrode besitzt.The electrostatic precipitator can be used depending on where it is used should be built in different ways. There is z. B. from a grounded high pressure pipe as a collecting electrode, on the inner wall of which there may be suitable guide bodies appropriate which prevent the trickling liquid from being atomized protect from the rising gas flow. Is.t insulated in the center of the high pressure pipe the spray electrode suspended from a wire or rod of good electrical Conductivity or can consist of a semiconductor. Instead of the rod a pipe or mesh can also be used. Between the two electrodes is a DC voltage of 10000 to 10000 volts, preferably about 40 to 50,000 volts, created. Gas and mist separate under the influence of the electric field. The polarity of the central electrode is chosen so that the mist droplets appear the outer electrode migrate. Instead of the arrangement described here, a whole bundle of simple pipes are arranged in a wide high pressure pipe, each tube of the bundle having its own central electrode.

Falls erforderlich, können die Elektroden auch auf höherer Temperatur als das durchströmende Medium gehalten werden, was immer dann von Vorteil ist, wenn im Nebel auch feste Teilchen vorhanden sind. Diese schmelzen dann an den Elektroden und fließen herab.If necessary, the electrodes can also be set to a higher temperature as the medium flowing through, which is always an advantage when solid particles are also present in the fog. These then melt on the electrodes and flow down.

Derartige Elektröfilter können in Verbindung mit den oben beschriebenen Verfahren vorteilhaft z. B. bei der Zerlegung von Luft, Kokereigas, Ölgas, Krackgasen, Erdgasen, Wassergas, Generatorgas, Schwelgas usw. verwendet werden.Such electrical filters can be used in conjunction with those described above Method advantageous z. B. in the decomposition of air, coke oven gas, oil gas, cracked gases, Natural gases, water gas, generator gas, carbonization gas, etc. can be used.

Beispiel Bei der Krackung von amerikanischem Rohöl erhält man neben flüssigen Krackprodukten ein Gas mit 32 % Äthylen, 804 Propylen, 3% Butylen, etwa --010 höheren Olefinen in Dampfform, und der Rest des Gases besteht aus Methan und Wasserstoff. Die Trennung des Äthylens von Propylen und Butylen durch partielle Verflüssigung durch Kompression unter gleichzeitiger Kühlung macht große Schwierigkeiten, weil in den Kolonnen, in denen die Abscheidung 'des verflüssigten Propylens und Butylens von dem gasförmigen Äthylen stattfinden soll, infolge des großen spezifischen Gewichts des komprimierten Äthylens keine vollständige Trennung von dem in Form feinster Tröpfchen als Nebel darin enthaltenen Propylen und Butylen durchführbar ist. In der Zeichnung stellt A einen dreistufigen, mit Wasserkühlung versehenen Kompressor dar, in dem das Gas auf rund 8o at gepreßt wird. In den zwischen. den zwei letzten Stufen eingeschalteten Abscheidern B und C setzen sich die höheren Olefine und Butylen flüssig ab, ein Teil des Butylens löst sich in diesen flüssigen Olefinen. Von dem Kompressor geht nun das Gas mit 8o at in der mit Wasser gekühlten Leitung D zu dem gleichfalls gekühlten Druckabscheider E und wird beim Austritt oben bei dem Ventil F kontinuierlich entspannt. Das entspannte Gas enthält rund 27 % Äthylen, 3 % Propylen und 0,3 °% Butylen. In dem Druckabscheider ist eine Elektrode G eingebaut. Wird an die Elektrode eine Spannung von ao ooo Volt angelegt, so findet eine quantitative Abscheidung der nebelförmigen Olefine an .der Wand des Druckabscheiders statt, die unten bei H abgelassen werden.Example In the cracking of American crude oil, one receives next to liquid cracked products a gas with 32% ethylene, 804 propylene, 3% butylene, approx --010 higher olefins in vapor form, and the remainder of the gas consists of methane and Hydrogen. The separation of ethylene from propylene and butylene by partial Liquefaction by compression with simultaneous cooling makes great difficulties, because in the columns in which the separation of the liquefied propylene and Butylene should take place from the gaseous ethylene, owing to the great specificity Weight of the compressed ethylene does not completely separate from that in the form finest droplets as a mist contained propylene and butylene feasible is. In the drawing, A represents a three-stage, water-cooled Compressor, in which the gas is pressed to around 8o at. In the between. the Separators B and C switched on in the last two stages, the higher ones sit down Olefins and butylene from liquid, part of the butylene dissolves in these liquid Olefins. The gas from the compressor now goes at 80 atm in the water-cooled one Line D to the also cooled pressure separator E and is at the outlet above at the valve F continuously relaxed. The relaxed gas contains around 27% ethylene, 3% propylene and 0.3% butylene. There is an electrode in the pressure separator G built in. If a voltage of ao, ooo volts is applied to the electrode, then a quantitative separation of the nebulous olefins on the wall of the pressure separator instead, which are drained below at H.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur Trennung von Gasgemischen durch fraktionierte Verflüssigung unter Anwendung von hohen, mittels Kompressoren erzielten Drucken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bei der fraktionierten . Verflüssigung verbleibenden, unter hohem Druck stehenden Restgase durch ein Elektrofilter geschickt werden. PATENT CLAIM: Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors, characterized in that the in the fractionated. Liquefaction remaining, high pressure residual gases are sent through an electrostatic precipitator.
DEI41091D 1931-03-29 1931-03-29 Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors Expired DE628533C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEI41091D DE628533C (en) 1931-03-29 1931-03-29 Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEI41091D DE628533C (en) 1931-03-29 1931-03-29 Process for the separation of gas mixtures by fractional liquefaction using high pressures achieved by means of compressors

Publications (1)

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DE628533C true DE628533C (en) 1936-04-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1036819B (en) * 1955-10-20 1958-08-21 Dr Phil Holger Lueder Device for the electrical separation of floating bodies from gases under increased pressure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1036819B (en) * 1955-10-20 1958-08-21 Dr Phil Holger Lueder Device for the electrical separation of floating bodies from gases under increased pressure

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