DE560709C - Process for the production of artificial silk - Google Patents

Process for the production of artificial silk

Info

Publication number
DE560709C
DE560709C DE1930560709D DE560709DD DE560709C DE 560709 C DE560709 C DE 560709C DE 1930560709 D DE1930560709 D DE 1930560709D DE 560709D D DE560709D D DE 560709DD DE 560709 C DE560709 C DE 560709C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
threads
stretching
production
artificial silk
cellulose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1930560709D
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German (de)
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE560709C publication Critical patent/DE560709C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

Es ist bekannt, daß man künstliche Seide von hoher Zugfestigkeit erhalten kann, indem man in einem geeigneten Zeitpunkt während der Herstellung ein Streckverfahren anwendet. Derartige künstliche Seide hat aber den großen Nachteil, daß sie eine sehr geringe Biegsamkeit und Geschmeidigkeit hat und dazu neigt, beim Biegen im scharfen Winkel zu brechen.It is known that artificial silk of high tensile strength can be obtained by a stretching process is used at an appropriate time during manufacture. However, such artificial silk has the great disadvantage that it is very small Has pliability and suppleness and has a tendency to break when bent at sharp angles.

ίο Zur Beseitigung dieses Mangels an Biegsamkeit hat man verschiedene Schrumpfverfahren angewendet. Das erhaltene Produkt kann aber hinsichtlich seiner Geschmeidigkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abnutzung nicht mit Baumwolle verglichen werden. ίο To eliminate this lack of flexibility different shrinking processes have been used. The product obtained can, however, in terms of its suppleness and resistance to wear and tear cannot be compared to cotton.

Eine Untersuchung hat gezeigt, daß hohe Zugfestigkeit bei künstlichen Seiden unabänderlich mit einer Regelmäßigkeit der Kri-Stallbildung verbunden ist. Anscheinend sind die Cellulosekristallite in regelmäßiger Weise orientiert, ähnlich der Anordnung von Kristallen in Metallen, die Streck- oder Ziehverfahren unterworfen worden sind. Diese Regelmäßigkeit in der Orientierung der Kristallite ist von einem dichten Gefüge begleitet, so daß die Zwischenräume zwischen den Cellulosekristalliten geringer sind als bei Baumwolle oder ungestreckten künstlichen Seiden.An investigation has shown that high tensile strength is inevitable in artificial silks is associated with a regularity of kri-stall formation. Apparently the cellulose crystallites are regular oriented, similar to the arrangement of crystals in metals, the stretching or drawing process have been subjected. This regularity in the orientation of the crystallites is accompanied by a dense structure, so that the gaps between the cellulose crystallites are smaller than in Cotton or unstretched man-made silk.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Beobachtung, daß man eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Elastizität und Geschmeidigkeit erhält, wenn man Zwischenräume zwischen den Cellulosekristalliten schafft.The invention is based on the observation that there is a considerable improvement which maintains elasticity and suppleness by creating gaps between the cellulose crystallites.

Gemäß der Erfindung werden zu diesem Zweck Celluloseester, ζ. Β. Celluloseacetat, die man leicht in Cellulose oder in Cellulosederivate von verhältnismäßig geringerer molekularer Komplexität umwandeln kann, durch Spinnverfahren mit nachfolgender Streckung in Fäden von hoher Zugfestigkeit, d. h. über 2 g je Denier, umgewandelt. Nach der Strekkung werden durch Verseifung die Estergruppen aus den Fäden entfernt.According to the invention, cellulose esters, ζ. Β. Cellulose acetate, which can easily be converted into cellulose or into cellulose derivatives of relatively lower molecular weight Complexity can be transformed by spinning processes with subsequent stretching into threads of high tensile strength, i. H. above 2 grams per denier converted. After the stretching, the ester groups are saponified removed from the threads.

Bei Celluloseacetat kann man z. B. die Acetylgruppen durch Verseifung so weit aus den Fäden entfernen, daß letztere mindestens 10 0/0 ihres Gewichtes verlieren.In cellulose acetate you can, for. B. the acetyl groups by saponification so far remove the threads so that the latter lose at least 10% of their weight.

Die Behandlung von Kunstseidefäden mit verseifenden Mitteln ist an sich bekannt, jedoch nicht in Verbindung mit einer Streckung, so daß bei der bekannten Arbeitsweise die bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren erzielten Wirkungen nicht in Betracht kommen.The treatment of rayon threads with saponifying agents is known per se, however not in connection with a stretching, so that in the known method of operation The effects achieved in the present process are out of the question.

Bei der ebenfalls bereits vorgeschlagenen Behandlung mit Quellungs- und Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart starker Mineralsäuren tritt eine Verseifung durch letztere nicht ein.In the case of the treatment with swelling agents and solvents, which has also already been proposed in the presence of strong mineral acids, saponification by the latter does not occur.

Beispielexample

Eine Lösung von Celluloseacetat in Aceton wird in eine heiße Kammer gesponnen, so daß sie Fäden bildet, die durch ein Lösungsmittel oder ein Quellmittel, das entweder in Dampfform oder in einem Nichtlösungsmittel für Celluloseacetat gelöst, vorhanden ist, hindurchgeführt und einer Streckung unterworfen werden, so daß die Fäden eineA solution of cellulose acetate in acetone is spun into a hot chamber, so that it forms threads that are either through a solvent or a swelling agent in vapor form or dissolved in a nonsolvent for cellulose acetate is, passed through and subjected to stretching, so that the threads a

ίο Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 2 g je Denier erhalten. Statt dessen kann man die Lösung des Celluloseacetats in eine Mischung eines Lösungsmittels für Celluloseacetat, z. B. Aceton, mit einem Nichtlösungsmittel oder einem Koagulierungsmittel, z.B. Wasser, spinnen. Die gebildeten Fäden werden so weit gedehnt, wie es ohne Fadenbruch möglich ist, während sie sich in plastischem oder halbplastischem Zustand befinden.ίο Tensile strength greater than 2 grams per denier obtain. Instead, you can use the solution of cellulose acetate in a mixture of a Solvent for cellulose acetate, e.g. B. acetone, with a nonsolvent or a Spin coagulants, e.g. water. The threads formed are stretched so far that how it is possible without thread breakage while in plastic or semi-plastic State.

Die Fäden werden nach irgendeinem bekannten Verfahren entacetyliert, z. B. durch mehrstündiges Digerieren mit einer Lösung von Ätznatron, vorzugsweise ohne Spannung.The filaments are deacetylated by any known method, e.g. B. by Digestion for several hours with a solution of caustic soda, preferably without tension.

Die Fäden verlieren hierdurch mindestens 0/0 ihres Gewichts und bekommen feineren Denier, ohne merklich an Festigkeit zu verlieren, während gleichzeitig ihre Elastizität vermehrt wird.The threads lose at least 0/0 of their weight and become finer Denier without noticeably losing strength, while maintaining their elasticity is increased.

Claims (2)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von künstlicher Seide, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man aus Celluloseestern Fäden spinnt, diesen durch Streckung eine hohe Zugfestigkeit, d. h. über 2 g je Denier, verleiht und dann durch Verseifung die Estergruppen aus den gebildeten Fäden entfernt. 1. A method for the production of artificial silk, characterized in that threads are spun from cellulose esters, which have a high tensile strength due to stretching, d. H. over 2 g per denier, and then the ester groups are removed from the threads formed by saponification. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man aus Celluloseacetat Fäden spinnt, diesen durch Strekkung eine hohe Zugfestigkeit, d. h. über 2 g je Denier, verleiht und dann durch Verseifung die Acetylgruppen aus den Fäden so weit entfernt, daß letztere mindestens 10 o/o ihres Gewichts verlieren.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that filaments are spun from cellulose acetate, this gives a high tensile strength by stretching, ie over 2 g per denier, and then the acetyl groups are removed from the filaments by saponification to such an extent that the latter is at least 10 o / o lose their weight.
DE1930560709D 1929-11-08 1930-11-01 Process for the production of artificial silk Expired DE560709C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3409229A GB344874A (en) 1929-11-08 1929-11-08 Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE560709C true DE560709C (en) 1932-10-06

Family

ID=10361274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1930560709D Expired DE560709C (en) 1929-11-08 1930-11-01 Process for the production of artificial silk

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE560709C (en)
GB (1) GB344874A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE955989C (en) * 1953-05-15 1957-01-10 Rhodiaceta Process for the production of artificial structures, such as threads, fibers or films, with improved colorability from cellulose acetate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE955989C (en) * 1953-05-15 1957-01-10 Rhodiaceta Process for the production of artificial structures, such as threads, fibers or films, with improved colorability from cellulose acetate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB344874A (en) 1931-03-09

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