DE463919C - Method and device for producing a gas mixture for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for producing gas mixtures for internal combustion engines The invention relates to a method for producing operating gas for internal combustion engines by atomization and subsequent evaporation of a liquid fuel and The steam is overheated using the hot exhaust gases from the machine in that the obtained by atomization, z. B. supplied by a spray carburetor Fuel mist initially in a manner known per se by gradually increasing the temperature is converted into a dry, homogeneous fuel @ vapor-air mixture, whereby by applying a suitably low temperature. Splitting the idle Avoid fuel or premature evaporation in the nozzle of the spray gasifier is that then the dry, homogeneous mixture hot fresh exhaust gases from the machine are mixed in. When the mixture is passed on, its temperature is above your dew point. obtained so that the mixture in the combustion chambers of the engine without falling down on the walls of the extension pipe.

The invention is based on the knowledge that by complete drying of the mixture and the admixture of fresh exhaust gases is particularly high Compression pressure is made possible without the risk of pre-ignition occurring. This is of particular importance for high-speed vehicle engines where the increase in the compression pressure an increase in the efficiency and the Performance enables.

The beneficial effect of admixing hot exhaust gases can be as follows be explained: Fresh exhaust gases from internal combustion engines are known to be ionized, and by adding these gases to the mixture with which the machine is fed, therefore the charge is ionized. This reveals the combustion process favorably influenced.

It has already been proposed in the suction line of carburetor engines introduce hot exhaust gases. Here, however, exists. the risk of being high Temperature of the introduced exhaust gases split the fuel, making it difficult boiling substances are produced which are deposited on the walls of the suction line and also cause the engine to knock. The invention makes use of the known fact that the temperature at which hydrocarbons split is higher in the vaporous state of aggregation than in the liquid. While in the known method, the hot exhaust gases in the unheated, wet mixture are passed, according to the invention, the fuel vapor-air mixture is initially dried so far that there are essentially none Fuel droplets contains more, and then the fresh exhaust gases are added.

Simultaneously with or after the addition, the temperature is expedient of the dry fuel-vapor-air mixture by further supply of heat.

An internal combustion engine is preferably used to carry out the method with spray carburettor, in front of which an air preheater is connected and its suction line is provided with a heating jacket between the carburetor and the combustion chamber.

According to the invention, short connecting ducts lead from the exhaust duct the machine to a section of the suction line, which is preceded by a part of the heating jacket so that it is satisfied with a dry mixture of fuel vapor and air. The hot exhaust gases introduced into the suction line through the connecting channels hit therefore no more fuel droplets and therefore no splitting of the Fuel.

With this arrangement, the amount of exhaust gases introduced into the mixture is determined by the vacuum prevailing in the suction line and is therefore automatically adapted to the operating conditions, in particular the speed of the machine. The higher the speed and thus the amount of gas flowing through the suction line, the more exhaust gases are mixed in. so that the mixing ratio remains approximately the same for all speeds. This effect is supported by the burden of the. Machine changing pressure in the exhaust line. DIE introduction of the hot exhaust gases takes place at different vorzugswcise hintereinanderliegenden_Stellen the suction line, so that the temperature of the mixture is gradually increased. The temperature also remains essentially unchangeable for all speeds, so that special temperature monitoring when operating the machine is not necessary.

Fig.1 shows an embodiment of the device in a side view for a six-wheel machine. The lower part is drawn in section. Fig 2 Fig. 3 is a cross-section along an irregular line of Fig. i that corresponds to the inlet pipe follows and shows the cylinder of the machine partially broken. Fig.3 is a top view of the heater and mixer in Fig. 2 and shows the injection holes. Fig. 4 is a Partial section through an embodiment in which by corresponding pipe connections the exhaust gases are introduced into the mixing chamber above the carburetor throttle. Fig. Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4; Figure 6 shows another embodiment. Fig.7 shows another embodiment of the inlet pipe, the whole of it Flattened lengthways and enclosed by the outlet pipe i> t. Fig.8 then gives one irregular vertical section through the inlet pipe four Fig.7, and Fig.9 is a cross-section of the ascending part of the inlet pipe of Fig. 7 along the line 12-i2 genomines.

! n Fig. i i is the float chamber of a carburetor of the usual embodiment. It is connected to the main nozzle 3 and the auxiliary nozzle 4 through the line 2. The main nozzle protrudes into the venturi tube 5, through which the heated air passes and takes the fuel from the main nozzle. The lower part of the air inlet chamber 6 of the carburetor is provided with a throttle valve 7 and surrounded by a pipe 8 with the heating jacket 9 for part of the outlet pipe io. The auxiliary nozzle 4 protrudes into an auxiliary air chamber ii, which is closed by a spring-loaded valve 12 and is automatically opened when the vacuum pressure assumes a value determined in advance. Highly heated air then enters, which takes the fuel from the auxiliary nozzle 4. The two mixed flows then combine in the chamber 13 above the Venburi tube. The auxiliary air is sucked in through a pipe 14 which is connected by a pipe i4a to the jacket i5 of the outlet pipe io. The bores of the nozzles 3 and .4 are expediently smaller in cross-section when using the invention than when using the usual wet mixture.

The mixture flowing through the chamber 13 continues into a venturi 16 a. This is verseben with an adjustable throttle 17 and opens into a Chamber 2o with a rotating mixer 21 which is mounted on a Konso122. The mixture entering chamber 20 and flowing upward sets the mixer 21 with the help of wings 23 (Fig. 2) in rapid rotation, whereby an extensive Distribution or atomization and homogenization of the mixture is achieved. Simultaneously the chamber 2o is heated up by the exhaust gases. It then opens up into a Chamber 2q., Which is located between an inner spherical container 25 and an outer, him, leaving a distance, just the chamber 24, also encompassing spherical container 26 remains. The outer container 26 is again of one Sheath 27 surrounded, while the inner one by pipes 28 and 29 with the outlet pipe 3o is in communication, so that living exhaust gases directly from the outlet pipe of the Machine can get into the interior of the container 25. After these exhaust gases den Have flowed through the container. enter the heating jacket through a short pipe 31 27 and thus heat the outside of the outer container 26. The jacket 27 extends downwards and here covers the chamber 2o of the mixer. so that also this is heated by the exhaust gases finally emerging through a pipe 32. The order is so that the mixture is spread in a relatively thin layer between the two spherical containers and here from the inside as well as from the outside is heated. This arrangement enables an extremely rapid increase in temperature.

The inlet roller blind comprises a curved pipe section 34 (Fig. 2), which flows the incoming gas mixture at an angle of about 90 ° from the previous one Direction deflects. Au the opposite end 35 of the bent pipe section 34 two flattened, obliquely downwardly extending channels 36 close which run out into a chamber 37 at the lower end. each of these chambers covered three of the inlet ports 38 of the engine. By means of the flattening of the channels 36 here again the mixture brought in relatively thin layers: o that it heated to above the dew point is obtained and the properties of a homogeneous Gas does not lose.

This outlet pipe 3o is also designed as a flat chamber with the walls 39, which run parallel to the flat gas: getnischkammern P to achieve the purpose mentioned. The outlet pipe runs out into a narrow chamber 40 which extends transversely to the machine cylinders and covers the outlet openings 41 (Fig. I). The shape of the outlet openings and their connections with the mentioned chamber are shown in Fig. 2 in dotted lines. The upper end of the outlet chamber 3o has an outwardly extending part which surrounds the upper, bent section 34 of the mixture introduction pipe so that this too is heated by the exhaust gases. This chamber 42 communicates through an opening 43 with one end of the semicircular section 44 of the outlet pipe, the elite opposite end 45 of which is connected to the pipe channel extending from -% @ -: irts. As already mentioned above, this is with the air heating jacket9 and i; equipped (Fig. i).

The inlet pipes with heater and mixer as well as the upper one Section 44 of the exhaust pipe are preferably provided with a heat-retaining hood 46, 47 surrounded.

According to the invention is now the upper end of the inner spherical container 25 finite small holes 52 (Fig. = And 3). cl: e a specific part the exhaust gases in there; G = emic let out after this the tree 24 between your inner and your outer spherical container has flowed through and essentially has dried. Number and cross-section of the holes 5 = can be the type of used Fuels and .the size of the c: ur engine to be adjusted with your goal. your degree the required dilution and pressure and temperature of the mixture at his Inflow into - to regulate the inlet roller. Instead of the simple holes 52 you can: 1 you can also use a nozzle as shown at:; 3 in Fig. i.

As already mentioned, exhaust gases can be at different points - Introduced and preferably also a certain proportion of the internal exhaust gases are introduced directly into the preheated air in the raw frost 8 and 14.9 (Fig.i). However, it is important to ensure that the air temperature is not that Limit reached at which the liquid fuel would split. To this end is the wall of the outlet pipe io opposite the pipes 8 and 14 "approximately in the Axial direction of these pipes are provided with holes, and through these are short pieces of pipe 54 and 55 stirred in, through which a certain part of the exhaust gases in the preheated Combustion air is introduced and mixed with this before hitting the atomizing nozzle achieved.

Tests have shown that the introduction of highly heated exhaust gases in the preheated air especially contributes to the temperature of the latter very much increase quickly.

There is always a sharp drop in temperature in the mixture after the preheated air takes the fuel from the carburetor or other gas metering device has recorded, in particular above the throttle valve 17 (Fig. i). That is based on the heat consumption as a result of evaporation and during expansion after passing through of the throttle valve. Accordingly, it is advisable to use some of the combustion gases Inject into the mixture in the valve chamber 16, as indicated in Figures 4 to 6 is. In Fig. 4 the outlet pipe is provided with a nozzle 56 which extends through a pipe 57 with branches 5 '(Fig. 5 i is connected to the chamber 16. The nozzle 56 taps therefore exhaust gases from your outlet pipe, which first cool down in your pipe 57, 58 and then introduced into chamber 16 and therefore just on At this point raise the temperature of the mixture again, but without the still liquid To split fuel. The introduction of already cooled exhaust gases in the upper Part of the carburetor or in the valve chamber 16 is also directly from the heating jacket 2; possible, as shown in Fig. 6. Here are two of the heating mantles mentioned Pipes 9 and 6o branched off, which open into the valve chamber 16 and into this one Introduce part of the exhaust gases from the heating jacket.

It is advisable to use the nozzles 54 and 55, as well as those 53 or the holes 52 to make it adjustable.

For introducing the diluent gases along at different points holes or nozzles 61 are used for the inlet pipe. This results in a further increase in temperature brought about, which is particularly useful at this point because the gas mixture flow splits into two branches (since it has the two flattened parts of the inlet pipe .through flow) and here a suitable temperature increase and the induction requires an even flow through both branches of whisking movements.

Finally, it may be advisable to introduce some of the exhaust gases into the gas mixture when it enters the valve chamber 38 (Figs. I and 2). Nozzles 62 (FIG. A), which in turn remove the exhaust gases from the heating jacket 30, are used for this purpose. The consequence of this is a new increase in temperature at this point, which compensates for the temperature drop that occurs when the mixture flows from your inlet pipe through the valve chamber into the combustion chamber of the cylinder.

7 to 9 show the application of the invention to a particular one Design of the inlet pipe explained, in which the pipe is flattened and the mixture thereby both in the ascending branch and in the branches in the form of a proportionate thin layer is brought. The inlet pipe here consists of the ascending branch 75 and the two branches 76, which are enclosed together in the housing 77, the surrounds the flattened side walls of the inlet pipe everywhere at the same distance. Fig. 8 shows a cross-section through the ascending branch and one of the side branches. The exhaust gases enter through an opening 78 and paint on the walls of the inlet pipe past in the opposite direction as the direction of flow of the mixture. As a result the heat transfer through the wall is therefore the mixed flow in the countercurrent principle heated. The inlet canister 77 settles downwards around the ascending branch 75 of the inlet tube and is curved outward at 79 where it connects to the outlet tube 8o is connected (Fig. 7). The lower, open-topped end Si of the ascending Branch 75 of the inlet pipe connects to the carburetor 16. The branch branches 76 are pulled out sideways, as indicated by dotted lines at 8a in Fig. 7. and cover the inlet ports 83. It can be seen that the flat shape of the inlet tube 7 5 and the branch pipes 7 6 a rapid heat transfer from the exhaust gases in the mixture is conveyed.

In the application of the invention in this type of construction through holes 85 in the partition walls hot exhaust gases are introduced into the inlet pipe, since it's on this Place is flowed through by already dried mixture. Below are holes 84 provided, through the already considerably cooled exhaust gases, which do not split the bring about liquid fuel can be blown into the mixture flow, to speed up its drying.

Finally, the introduction of exhaust gases into the Valve chamber can be made, e.g. B. through holes 86 (Fig. 8).

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the production of operating gas for Internal combustion engines by atomization and subsequent evaporation of a liquid Fuel and superheating of the steam using the hot exhaust gases of the Machine, characterized in that first in a known manner by Gradual increase in temperature a dry, homogeneous fuel-vapor-air Genvsch is made using a temperature that is equal to that of the liquid fuel does not split and does not cause premature evaporation before atomization has taken place, that then the dry, homogeneous mixture. hot fresh exhaust gases are mixed in, and that the temperature of the mixture when it is passed is above the dew point 'is obtained. . 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that at the same time with or after. the admixture of fresh exhaust gases the temperature of the dry Fuel-vapor-air mixture is increased by adding more heat @gbb. a; 30). 3. Internal combustion engine for performing the method according to claim i or 2 with spray carburetor and upstream Air preheater and one of: exhaust gases .heated Jacket for the section of the between the carburetor and the combustion chambers Suction line, characterized by one or more short connecting channels (52, 6r, 62) leading from the exhaust duct (37, 28, 25) of the engine to a portion of the Lead suction line, which is preceded by a part of the heating jacket, so that it is with a dry fuel-steam-air mixture is fulfilled.