DE4342950A1 - Hybrid IC engine for vehicle uses gas turbine=type Brayton cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The hybrid engine has bypass air sucked and sealed in by the compressor rotary piston unit (1) and supplied to the combustion chamber (2). A jet (3) sprays fuel into the combustion chamber for continuous combustion. The exhaust gases pass through another rotary piston unit (4), ie. the motor unit, and drive it. This unit drives the first one via a shaft (5), and provides useful power via an output flange (6). Cooling air is supplied to the motor unit from the compressor output side via a boring (7) in the shaft. A fuel pump (8) supplies the fuel via a non-return valve (9) and a control valve (10) to the jet. A bypass (12) takes some of the fuel back from the compression side of the fuel pump via a control valve (13) operated by the accelerator pedal.

Description

Internal combustion engines are used to drive motor vehicles, Airplanes, ships, generators and other machines needed. Most widely used especially as a drive for Motor vehicles are petrol and diesel engines. For airplanes In addition to gasoline engines, gas turbines and ships are used are not only with diesel engines but also with gas or Steam turbines powered.

State of the art and criticism

Depending on the application, one or the other drive is better suitable. Functionally, thermodynamically and constructively However, these existing drives have relatively large disadvantages.

So the gasoline engine reaches quite high peak pressures and -temperature, the mean pressure and the mean temperature in However, the combustion chamber is relatively low. The diesel engine has a fairly high medium pressure and a fairly high medium pressure Temperature, however, diesel engines are relatively heavy and sluggish.

Both piston engines have the common disadvantages of pulsating load and the oscillating piston which inevitably lead to vibrations. The unfavorable The sequence of movements of the reciprocating pistons leads to greater friction losses due to the piston rings and a relatively short lifespan.

Also have piston engines because of the discontinuous Combustion pollutant emissions, which are over a factor of 100 what are the status of continuous combustion Technology is.

In addition, the torque characteristics of gasoline and diesel engines so unfavorable that it only makes sense in vehicles with manual transmissions can be used.  

The maximum efficiency of approx. 35-40% in the design point is also quite low, but is still higher than in Turbine drives. Since most engines are rarely used Can drive to the design point and outside of the design point the efficiency is even worse, the averaged Efficiency again significantly below the above Maximum value.

In addition, gasoline and diesel engines require a lot of fuel pure and constant quality.

In addition, gasoline and diesel engines require a very complex Valve control mechanics and the gasoline engine must also be considerable Effort for a cheap ignition to be driven.

Gas and steam turbines avoid some of the above Disadvantage. However, her main disadvantage is still her poorer efficiency, especially for devices smaller Performance and especially in the partial load range.

Piston engines and gas turbines have the common disadvantage that they are brought to a minimum speed for starting have to be what an elaborate starting mechanism required.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention was to provide an engine which combines the advantages of the known motors and their disadvantages avoids.

Solution according to the invention

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a motor, which the air by means of a compressor rotary piston set, preferably a gear set, quasi-continuously promotes and compressed, feeds this compressed air to a combustion chamber, in which fuel is burned continuously and the under Hot exhaust gases under pressure over another, larger Rotary piston set conducts, which is driven by the exhaust gases. This engine rotary piston set delivers the desired one Shaft power. In addition, this motor-rotary piston set drives expediently on the compressor rotary piston set.

This engine is called hybrid engine in the following because it is the Advantages of the displacement machines with those of the Fluid machines united.  

Advantages of the invention

The advantages of the hybrid engine are:

• - continuous combustion
• - almost any liquid fuel
• - high torque even at the lowest speeds
• - Ideal, namely horizontal torque characteristic
• - Large speed range, this makes a shift gears unnecessary
• - Ideal, namely horizontal efficiency curve
• - Efficiency independent of excess air
• - no oscillating masses
• - highest and constant process temperature, because robust and compact component geometry and because of low peripheral speeds
• - high and constant process pressure
• - High efficiency
• - simple construction
• - simple power control
• - lowest power-to-weight ratio m / P (kg / kW)
• - quick response
• - highest lifespan
• - Start from standstill
• - Also suitable for very small services.

The efficiency of the single-stage hybrid motor outlined above can still be increased significantly. With a two-stage Compression and expansion can achieve efficiencies which is significantly higher than that achievable with today's engines Efficiencies are. Because the hybrid engine at all speeds and almost all excess air in all operating conditions has the same efficiency, the result is an average Efficiency, which is far higher than existing ones Drives.

The efficiency of the hybrid engine can be improved Increase compressor and engine levels. The process leaves through diabatic compression and expansion Air preheating and exhaust gas recirculation even further optimize.

The hybrid engine, for which the open circuit is at the top internal combustion, can also be described as closed cycle with external combustion or as Execute steam power process.  

Of course, all elements of this machine are different Machines (steam engine, piston engine, turbine, gear pump) known. This is also good and desirable because it is Development effort reduced. The combination according to the invention the actually known elements and the resulting ones However, the thermodynamic process results in a machine that can be used in all individual relevant properties and especially in the Combination of these properties based on the current status technology represents a revolutionary improvement and absolutely new is.

description

Preferred exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to Principle sketches described:

Figure 1 shows a hybrid engine with an open circuit, with internal combustion and with single-stage compression and expansion. The ambient air is drawn in and compressed by the compressor rotary piston set ( 1 ) and fed to the combustion chamber ( 2 ). A nozzle ( 3 ) sprays the fuel into the combustion chamber ( 3 ). The fuel burns with the combustion air and heats up considerably. The hot exhaust gases, which are under high pressure, are directed through the motor rotary piston set ( 4 ) and drive it. The motor-driven piston set ( 4 ) drives the compressor-driven piston set ( 4 ) via a shaft ( 5 ) and delivers the net power via the flange ( 6 ). Cooling air is passed from the compressor outlet side to the motor-driven piston set ( 4 ) via bores ( 7 ) running through the shafts of the shaft pair ( 5 ) and cools it from the inside. A fuel pump ( 8 ) conveys the fuel to the nozzle ( 3 ) via a check valve ( 9 ) and an electro valve ( 10 ). During operation, the high-pressure fuel is pressed into a spring-loaded accumulator ( 11 ). If the fuel supply is to be stopped, the solenoid valve ( 10 ) closes. This also closes the check valve ( 9 ) and traps the fuel between the valves under high pressure. To restart, the solenoid valve ( 10 ) is only opened. Once this has been done, the fuel is pressed out of the store ( 11 ) through the nozzle ( 3 ) and can be ignited with an ignition electrode or on a glow coil. As a result of the heating of the air in the combustion chamber ( 2 ) and the pressure that arises, the hybrid motor begins to rotate independently, as a result of which the fuel pump ( 8 ) delivers fuel again. The check valve ( 9 ) then opens automatically.

The pump ( 8 ) delivers a fuel mass flow m.BS, which is proportional to the speed N. A bypass line ( 12 ) conducts part of the fuel mass flow m. back on the suction side of the pump ( 8 ). A control valve ( 13 ) determines the fuel mass flow, which is returned through the bypass line ( 12 ). The more the control valve ( 13 ) is closed, the greater the fuel mass flow delivered to the nozzle ( 3 ) and thus the performance of the hybrid engine.

Figure 2 shows a hybrid engine with an open circuit, with internal combustion, with two-stage compression and expansion and with two pairs of shafts. The basic sequence corresponds to the previously described sequence. However, the speeds of the first and second stage are synchronized by a gear set ( 14 ).

Figure 3 shows a hybrid engine with an open circuit, internal combustion, with two-stage compression and expansion with a single pair of shafts. The deflection channels, which each connect the first and second stage of the compressor and motor, can be used as a heat exchanger to optimize the process.

Figure 4 shows a steam hybrid engine with a closed circuit, external combustion and a single-stage pump and motor rotary lobe set. In this case, a liquid fluid is pumped by a gear pump ( 15 ), heated, evaporated and overheated in a heat exchanger ( 16 ) and passed through the motor-driven piston set ( 4 ), which drives the gear pump ( 15 ) and the useful power via the flange ( 6 ) delivers. The waste steam is then condensed in a condenser ( 17 ). With this steam hybrid engine, a multi-stage expansion brings an improvement in efficiency.

Claims (11)

1. A method for generating rotary movements from the supply of heat by external heat sources or by internal or external combustion, characterized in that
that a fluid is heated in a volume which is closed by two rotary piston sets and has a constant size,
that the fluid is conveyed into the closed volume by one or more rotary piston sets connected in series and that the fluid is discharged from the closed volume via one or more series connected rotary piston sets and thereby does work. 2. Motor for generating rotary movements with heat input by internal combustion, characterized, that the volume of a combustion chamber through two rotary lobe sets completed that one or more connected in series Rotary lobe sets convey air into this combustion chamber in the Combustion chamber a fuel is burned and that the hot Exhaust gases via one or more series connected Rotary lobe sets are discharged from the closed volume. 3. Motor according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotary piston set is a gear pump set. 4. Motor according to claim 2, characterized in that the compressor ( 1 ) and motor-rotary piston sets ( 4 ) lie on a common pair of shafts ( 5 ). 5. Motor according to claim 2, with multi-stage compression and Expansion, characterized, that all compressor and motor rotary piston sets in one common pair of waves and the fluid through deflection channels is passed from one stage to another.   6. Engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaft of the motor drives a fuel pump ( 8 ) which promotes fuel to the nozzle ( 3 ) in the combustion chamber ( 2 ). 7. Engine according to claim 6, characterized in that in the fuel line after the pump ( 8 ) a check valve ( 9 ), then a pressure accumulator ( 11 ) and then a switching valve ( 10 ) is arranged. 8. Motor according to claim 6, characterized in that in the bypass line ( 12 ) parallel to the fuel pump ( 8 ) is a control valve ( 13 ) with which the back-flowing fuel mass flow can be adjusted. 9. Motor according to claim 2, characterized in that in the shafts of the pair of shafts ( 5 ) are bores ( 7 ) through which cooling air is passed from the compressor outlet side into the motor rotary piston ( 4 ). 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fluid in a closed by two rotary piston sets Volume is heated, evaporated and superheated that the liquid Fluid through one or more pump lobe sets into the completed volume is pumped and that the vapor Fluid via one or more engine rotary lobe sets from the completed volume is discharged. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the fluid only after leaving the engine rotary piston sets a condenser and then the pump-rotary piston set again is fed.