DE102017105613A1 - Piston engine and cycle processor - Google Patents

Abstract

A piston engine (12) comprising a cylinder housing (44) in which a plurality of cylinders (46, 82) are formed and pistons (48, 84) movably guided in the cylinders (46, 82) is characterized in that at least one of the cylinders (46, 82) as a pump cylinder (84) is part of a pump (14) and is connected via a liquid inlet valve (90) to a liquid inlet (86) and via a liquid outlet valve (92) to a liquid outlet (88) and at least another of the cylinders (46, 82) as an expander cylinder (46) is part of an expansion device (10) and is connected to a gas inlet (76) via a gas inlet valve and to a gas outlet (80) via a gas outlet valve. This constitutes an advantageous and in particular structural relatively simple and compact embodiment of a piston engine (12) which integrates an expansion device (10) and a pump (14) which can be driven by the expansion device (10). The piston engine (12) can be advantageous, for example a cycle device for the use of waste heat, which is provided by an internal combustion engine (20) of a drive system of a motor vehicle, are used.

Description

The invention relates to a piston engine and a cycle device with such a piston engine. In particular, the cycle device may be part of a drive system for a motor vehicle.

Motor vehicles are currently mostly driven by internal combustion engines in which burned fuels and the heat energy released thereby is partially converted into mechanical work. The efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines, which are used almost exclusively for driving motor vehicles, is about one third of the primary energy used. Accordingly, represent two-thirds of the heat energy released during combustion waste heat, which is discharged either via the engine cooling or the exhaust system as heat loss to the environment. Utilization of this waste heat is one way to increase the overall efficiency of a drive system of a motor vehicle and thus reduce fuel consumption.

The DE 10 2009 028 467 A1 describes a device for using waste heat of an internal combustion engine. For this purpose, in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, a first heat exchanger, the evaporator, a (steam) integrated circuit process device. The heat energy transferred from the exhaust gas to a working medium of the cycle device in the heat exchanger is partially converted into mechanical energy in an expansion device, which can be used, for example, to assist the propulsion of a motor vehicle or to generate electrical energy. Downstream of the expansion device, the working medium is cooled in a second heat exchanger, the condenser, where it condenses. About a pump, an increase in pressure of the working fluid and its supply to the evaporator.

As an expansion device in such a system for waste heat utilization, an axial piston motor can be used, as is known from DE 10 2010 052 508 A1 is known.

Axial piston engines have a cylinder housing in which a plurality of cylinders are formed in an annular arrangement. In each of the cylinders, a piston is movably guided, wherein a phase offset is provided in the piston positions, based on a movement cycle of the piston ("piston cycle": OT → UT → OT or UT → OT → UT), the division between the Corresponds to cylinders. With intake and exhaust valves, a pressurized fluid is sequentially introduced into the cylinders to apply a power stroke (OT → UT) to each piston. The fluid causes movement of the respective piston and optionally expands (in a pneumatic axial piston motor). In a subsequent discharge stroke (UT → OT) of each piston, the fluid is expelled again. The movements of the pistons are transmitted via an obliquely arranged to the longitudinal axes of the cylinder plate to which the pistons are connected directly or via connecting rods to an output shaft.

Axial piston engines are regularly designed in one of three designs. In the swashplate and the bent axis design, the cylinder housing rotates together with the piston. In the swashplate design, the shaft is arranged parallel to the cylinder housing and rotatably connected thereto. The movement of the piston controlling swash plate is fixed. In the oblique axis type, the longitudinal axes of the shaft, including the flange ("oblique plate") on which the pistons engage, and the cylinder are oblique to each other. In the swash plate type, however, the cylinder housing does not rotate with the piston guided therein. The same applies to a swash plate to which the pistons are connected via connecting rods. Rather, the swash plate is rotatably mounted on a swash plate, wherein the support surface of the swash plate and thus the orientation of the swash plate is aligned obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axes of the cylinder. The swash plate is rotatably connected to the shaft.

The inlet and outlet valves of axial piston motors may be in the form of one or more rotary slide valves (cf. DE 10 2011 118 622 A1 and DE 10 2015 204 367 A1 ) each having a rotatably connected to the drive or driven shaft rotary valve, which connects depending on the respective piston positions fluid exchange openings of the individual cylinder temporarily with an inlet or an outlet of the axial piston motor.

The DE 100 54 022 A1 discloses a system for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine with an expansion device in the form of a piston engine having at least two cylinders guided in pistons. The cylinder-piston units are each used alternately to promote in a first cycle in a boiling vessel vaporized working fluid in a pressure vessel in which this is overheated by the additional supply of heat and liquid working fluid and compressed to a high pressure. In a subsequent second cycle, this superheated and high pressure gaseous working fluid is expanded in the cylinder-piston units to produce mechanical power.

In the DE 10 2007 006 420 A1 A system for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine is described, in which the mechanical power generated by means of an expansion device of a cycle device can also be used to drive a compressor of a compressed air system of a motor vehicle comprising the waste heat recovery system. The expansion device and the compressor can be integrated in a housing.

The WO 2014/023295 A2 discloses a system for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine, wherein a feed pump, an expansion device and an electric motor / generator unit are designed as a structural unit.

A cycle device in which the pump for the (liquid) working medium is directly driven by the expansion device is known from US 5,156,074 WO 96/01362 A1 known.

The invention was based on the object of specifying a cycle device which is characterized by a simple structural design and / or by a relatively small space requirement.

This object is achieved by a cycle device according to claim 13 with a piston engine according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the piston engine according to the invention and the cycle device according to the invention are objects of the other claims and / or will become apparent from the following description of the invention.

The invention is based on the idea that in a cycle device, the drive power for the pump, with which the fluid (working fluid) is to be conveyed in the liquid state in the circulation system can be provided in an advantageous manner by the expansion device, wherein a direct mechanical coupling between these components in terms of efficiency more advantageous than, for example, the conversion of generated by the expansion device mechanical power into electrical power and the use of this mechanical power to drive the pump. With regard to achieving the smallest possible space requirement, such a direct coupling of the expansion device and the pump can be achieved if they are integrally formed and integrated in particular in a common housing. A particularly compact design can be achieved when a single shaft of the expansion device and the pump integrating device is used on the one hand as the output shaft of the expansion device and on the other hand combined as a drive shaft of the pump.

Accordingly, a piston engine according to the invention is provided which comprises at least one cylinder housing in which a plurality of cylinders are formed, and in the cylinders movably guided piston. In this case, at least one of the cylinders (as pump cylinder) is part of a piston pump and connected via a liquid inlet valve with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet valve with a liquid outlet. Furthermore, at least one other of the cylinders (as expander cylinder) is part of an expansion device and connected to a gas inlet via a gas inlet valve and to a gas outlet via a gas outlet valve.

The inventively provided embodiment of the device as a piston machine can be achieved beyond the already mentioned advantages resulting from the integral combination of the expansion device and the pump, the advantage of a relatively high in terms of dimensions performance of both the expansion device and the pump , Furthermore, such a piston engine can also be characterized by a relatively high efficiency.

In principle, there is also the possibility of the basic idea of the invention, namely the combination of an expansion device and a pump in a common housing and the direct mechanical coupling of these components or their sharing a wave without intervening components that serve as needed performance change (eg a clutch , etc.) to other types of expansion devices and / or pumps, in particular in the form of turbomachines to transfer.

• - ein Verdampfer zum Verdampfen des Fluids,
• - eine Expansionsvorrichtung zum Expandieren des Fluids mit dem Ziel der Erzeugung mechanischer Leistung,
• - ein Kondensator zum Kondensieren des Fluids und
• - eine Pumpe zum Fördern (und vorzugsweise auch zur Druckerhöhung) des Fluids in dem Kreislaufsystem.

A (steam) cycle process device according to the invention comprises a circulation system for a fluid, wherein at least the following components are integrated into the circulation system:

• an evaporator for evaporating the fluid,
• an expansion device for expanding the fluid with the aim of generating mechanical power,
• a condenser for condensing the fluid and
• - A pump for conveying (and preferably also for increasing the pressure) of the fluid in the circulatory system.

The expansion device and the pump are integrally formed in the form of a piston engine according to the invention.

The cycle device may further comprise an electric machine mechanically connected to the expansion device, to convert a mechanical power generated by the expansion device (as part of the inventive piston engine) into electrical power due to the expansion of the fluid. It can also be provided that the piston engine according to the invention and the electric machine form a structural unit and optionally integrated in a common housing. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a corresponding combination of a piston engine according to the invention and such an electric machine having a rotatably connected to the shaft of the piston engine or at least rotationally transmitting (ie, optionally with the interposition of, for example, a clutch and / or a transmission gear) connected rotor.

According to a preferred embodiment of a piston engine according to the invention can be provided that the gas inlet valve and / or the gas outlet valve is in the form of a rotary valve or a combined rotary valve. For this purpose, fluid change openings formed in a cylinder head plate of the cylinder housing (inlet and / or outlet openings, wherein combined inlet and outlet openings are possible) may be provided, which may be temporarily released and covered by means of a rotary valve. On the other hand, the liquid inlet valve and / or the liquid outlet valve may advantageously be in the form of an (automatic) pressure relief valve, in particular in the form of a check valve. In principle, however, it is also possible (also) to design the gas injection valve and / or the gas outlet valve in the form of a pressure relief valve and / or to design the liquid inlet valve and / or the liquid outlet valves in the form of a rotary slide valve or a combined rotary slide valve.

According to a further preferred embodiment of a piston engine according to the invention, a plurality, in particular at least two, three, four, five or six cylinders may be arranged in an annular arrangement about an axis of rotation of a shaft of the piston engine. The longitudinal axes of these cylinders may particularly preferably have a parallel orientation to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The shaft may, in particular, be an output shaft of the piston engine with which a mechanical power generated by the expansion device integrated in the piston engine can be transmitted to a pickup. In particular, the consumer may be an electric machine that provides electric power as the mechanical power generated by the expansion device decreases.

According to a further preferred embodiment of such a piston engine according to the invention it can be provided that in each case at least one of the cylinders arranged in an annular arrangement about the axis of rotation is a pump cylinder and an expander cylinder. Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the cylinders arranged in an annular arrangement about the axis of rotation are alternately pump cylinders and expander cylinders, i. in the circumferential direction follows on a pump cylinder in each case an expander cylinder and an expander cylinder in each case a pump cylinder. Such a piston engine according to the invention can be characterized by particularly compact dimensions.

Preferably, it may be provided that the (pump) piston guided in the pump cylinder and / or the piston (expander) guided in the expander cylinder is / are connected to a swash plate, the attachment points of the pistons defining a plane on the swash plate is aligned obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the piston engine. Preferably, the oblique letter is arranged correspondingly obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation.

A particularly preferred development of such a piston engine may be designed according to the swash plate type and for this purpose comprise a swash plate in the form of a swash plate, to which the pistons are preferably connected via connecting rods. The swash plate is rotatably mounted on a swash plate, which is rotatably connected or at least rotationally connected to the shaft of the expansion device. In this case, the bearing surface of the swash plate and thus the orientation of the swash plate can be aligned obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axes of the cylinder.

According to another preferred embodiment of a piston engine according to the invention, it can be provided that the longitudinal axis of at least one cylinder of one type (ie pump cylinder or expander cylinder), in the case of several cylinders of this type, preferably the longitudinal axes of all these cylinders, are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft and Longitudinal axis of a cylinder of the other type (ie expander cylinder or pump cylinder), in the case of several cylinders of this type, preferably the longitudinal axes of all of these cylinders, transversely, preferably vertically and in particular radially aligned with the axis of rotation of the shaft. Such a piston machine can be characterized in particular by relatively small dimensions in the directions along the axis of rotation of the shaft.

According to a likewise preferred embodiment of an inventive Piston machine can be provided that the expander cylinder, with several expander cylinders, preferably all of the expander cylinder, is arranged on one side of the inclined plate and the pump cylinder, with several pump cylinders, preferably all of the pump cylinder, is arranged on the other side of the inclined plate. It can be particularly preferably provided that the longitudinal axes of both the / the expander cylinder (s) and the / the pump cylinder (s) are aligned parallel to each other and possibly also parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft. In this way, a piston engine according to the invention can be provided, which is characterized in particular by relatively small dimensions in the transverse direction with respect to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, this allows a relatively wide spatial separation of the expansion device on the one hand and the pump on the other hand can be achieved within the piston engine, whereby heat transfer from the relatively hot, the expansion device flowing through the gaseous fluid can be minimized to the relatively cool, the pump flowing liquid fluid.

According to a further preferred development of a piston engine according to the invention with a helical writing, it can also be provided that the piston guided in the cylinder of one type (ie pump cylinder or, preferably, expander cylinder), with several cylinders of this type, preferably all of the associated pistons, to the swash plate Tethered and are in the cylinder of the other type (ie expander cylinder or, preferably, pump cylinder) guided piston, with several cylinders of this kind, preferably all of the associated pistons actuated by at least one cam of the shaft (ie movable in the associated cylinder) is / are or is operated during operation of the piston engine / are. Also, such an embodiment of a piston engine according to the invention may be characterized by relatively small dimensions, in particular in the transverse direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

• - eine Anpassung der Hubwege des/der Expanderkolben und des/der Pumpenkolben;
• - einer Anpassung der Anzahlen der Zylinder-Kolben-Einheiten der Expansionsvorrichtung und der Pumpe;
• - eine Anpassung der Totvolumina des/der Expanderzylinder und des/der Pumpenzylinder; und
• - eine Anpassung der Durchmesser des/der Expanderzylinder und des/der Pumpenzylinder.

A piston engine according to the invention may preferably have an unregulated or non-controllable design with regard to the liquid volume flow and / or with regard to the gas volume flow; This means that it does not integrate any means by which the liquid volume flow and / or gas volume flow flowing through the piston engine (independently of or in addition to the rotational speed of the shaft of the piston engine) can be actively influenced. As a result, a structurally relatively simple and thus cost-effective piston machine can be realized. In the design of a piston engine according to the invention, despite the integral combination of the expansion device of the pump to be adjusted by the flow rate to be delivered depending on the expansion ratio of the expansion device by:

• - An adjustment of the strokes of / the expander piston and the / the pump piston;
• - An adjustment of the numbers of cylinder-piston units of the expansion device and the pump;
• an adaptation of the dead volumes of the expander cylinder and the pump cylinder (s); and
• - An adjustment of the diameter of the / the expander cylinder and the / the pump cylinder.

A circular process device according to the invention may preferably further comprise a preferably integrated on the low pressure side of the pump in the circulation system throttle valve, whereby despite the inventive integral combination of the expansion device and the pump in a reciprocating engine influencing the flow rate of the pump, which is independent of the flow rate of gaseous fluid through the expansion device is reached. As a result, an advantageous influencing of the cycle process which can be carried out by means of the cycle device, in particular also with regard to the setting of a defined operating pressure for the gaseous fluid to be supplied to the expansion device, can be achieved.

Additionally or alternatively, for a circuit process device according to the invention to achieve the same advantage also leading from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the pump return line, in which a throttle and in particular a shut-off valve (through which the flow of the fluid through the return line not only throttled but also completely can be prevented is integrated.

The one or more throttle or shut-off valves may preferably be actively controlled by means of a control device.

The invention also relates to a drive system for a motor vehicle, which comprises at least one internal combustion engine, which has an internal combustion engine and an exhaust system via which exhaust gas can be discharged from the internal combustion engine. The drive system further comprises a circuit process device according to the invention, wherein the evaporator of the cycle device is provided and adapted to use thermal energy of the exhaust gas and / or a preferably additionally provided cooling system of the internal combustion engine for vaporizing the fluid.

The invention further relates to a motor vehicle comprising such an inventive drive system, wherein the internal combustion engine of the drive system may be provided in particular for generating a traction drive power for the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle may in particular be a wheel-based motor vehicle (preferably a car or a truck). Use in other motor vehicles, such as rail vehicles or ships, is also possible.

• 1: einen Schaltplan einer erfindungsgemäßen Kreisprozessvorrichtung;
• 2: ein zu einem mittels der Kreisprozessvorrichtung gemäß der 1 durchführbaren Clausius-Rankine-Prozess gehöriges T-S-Diagramm;
• 3: in einer schematischen Darstellung ein Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kreisprozessvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltungsform ;
• 4: in einer schematischen Darstellung ein Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kreisprozessvorrichtung gemäß einer zweiten Ausgestaltungsform ;
• 5: eine erfindungsgemäße (Axial-)Kolbenmaschine gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltungsform;
• 6: eine erfindungsgemäße (Axial-)Kolbenmaschine gemäß einer zweiten Ausgestaltungsform; und
• 7: eine erfindungsgemäße (Axial-)Kolbenmaschine gemäß einer dritten Ausgestaltungsform.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings shows:

• 1 : a circuit diagram of a circuit process device according to the invention;
• 2 to a by means of the cycle device according to the 1 feasible Clausius Rankine process associated TS diagram;
• 3 in a schematic representation of a drive system for a motor vehicle with a circular process device according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• 4 in a schematic representation of a drive system for a motor vehicle with a cycle device according to the invention according to a second embodiment;
• 5 an inventive (axial) piston engine according to a first embodiment;
• 6 an inventive (axial) piston engine according to a second embodiment; and
• 7 : An inventive (axial) piston engine according to a third embodiment.

The 1 shows a circuit diagram of a circuit process device according to the invention. In operation of the cycle apparatus, a vaporized and overheated and pressurized fluid expands in an expansion device 10 , the part of a piston engine according to the invention 12 is, whereby a portion of the thermal and potential energy of the fluid is converted into mechanical energy.

The fluid is for this purpose in the liquid state by means of a pump 14 , which is also part of the piston engine according to the invention 12 is, to an evaporator 14 promoted, in which this is heated by the transition of heat energy. In the integration of such a cycle device according to the invention in a drive system according to the invention, as in the exemplary embodiments in the 3 and 4 can be shown in the evaporator 16 used for heating the fluid heat energy, in particular from exhaust, that by the combustion of a fuel-fresh gas mixture in Brennräumen18 an internal combustion engine 20 generated and discharged via an exhaust line, wherein the evaporator 16 is integrated into the exhaust system so that it can be traversed by the exhaust gas as needed. The flow rate of the evaporator 16 flowing exhaust gas and thus the heat energy in the evaporator 16 from the exhaust gas to pass on the fluid can by means of an exhaust valve 22 be controlled, wherein that portion of the exhaust gas, the evaporator 16 should not flow through the evaporator 16 immediate exhaust bypass 24 to be led. Before reaching the evaporator 16 and the exhaust bypass 24 the exhaust gas first flows through a turbine 26 an exhaust gas turbocharger and a first exhaust aftertreatment device 28 and a second exhaust aftertreatment device 30 For example, a pilot and a main catalyst. The exhaust gas turbocharger is used in a known manner to the combustion chambers 18 To compress supplied fresh gas, which, among other things, the specific power output of the internal combustion engine 20 can be increased.

That in the evaporator 16 vaporized and superheated fluid flows to the expansion device 10 and from this in a relaxed (re) n state to a capacitor 32 the cycle processor. In the condenser 32 is the fluid by a heat transfer to a cooling medium, in a drive system according to the 3 and 4 for example, on a coolant that is also in an internal combustion engine 20 integrating cooling system 34 flows, cooled. In this case, the fluid condenses, so that it in the liquid state by means of the pump 14 (if necessary via an expansion tank 36 ; see. 3 and 4 ) again to the evaporator 16 can be supplied. Due to the promotion of the liquid fluid by means of the pump 14 will also be a compression of the between the evaporator 16 and the expansion device 10 achieved in the gaseous state fluid to a designated operating pressure, wherein the pressure generation by means of the pump 14 in interaction with the expansion of the gaseous fluid in the expansion device 10 stands.

The by means of the expansion device 10 The mechanical power generated by the expansion of the gaseous fluid on the one hand serves to drive the pump 14 and thus the delivery of the fluid in the circulatory system of the cycle device. Furthermore, this serves to generate electrical power by means of one with a (output) shaft 38 of the expansion device 10 or the piston engine 12 mechanically connected, thereby generator-operated electric machine 40 , wherein the electrical energy thus generated in a battery 42 can be stored. This electrical energy is then available for various functions of a motor vehicle according to the invention comprising the drive system (not shown). Also, this electrical energy can be used temporarily, the electric machine 40 to operate electromotive, for example, a start of the piston engine 12 and thus to assist or enable the cycle device.

Through the work of the pump 14 the cycle device, the pressure level of the fluid according to the TS diagram of 2 (considered theoretically or idealized) adiabatically and isentropically approached to a specified value and a defined volume flow of the fluid ensured. From the state point b to the state point c There is a (theoretical or idealized) isobaric heat supply with evaporation and overheating instead. From the state point b ' The evaporation begins when the state point b "is reached b " to the state point c the vaporous fluid is overheated. The delivery of mechanical power by the expansion device 10 takes place by a (theoretically or idealized) isentropic relaxation from the state point c to the state point d. Depending on the type and structure of the expansion device 10 can now be relaxed until just before the steam area or into the wet steam area. From the state point d to the state point a, the fluid passes through the condenser 32 (considered theoretically or idealized) isobaric and isothermal liquefaction.

The aim of the consideration in the TS diagram is basically to maximize the heat supplied from the condition point b to the state point c and minimizing the dissipated heat (q_ab) from the state point d to the state point a , The enclosed area from the state point a about the condition points b and c to the state point d should be maximized in the intended temperature range. The efficiency of a Rankine process is thus visually as the ratio of the two surfaces in the 2 to interpret (η _th = 1 - (q_ab) / (q_zu)).

The 5 to 7 show three different embodiments of inventive (axial) piston machines, each of a (piston) expansion device 10 and a (piston) pump 14 integrally combine. Here is the expansion device 10 each carried out in the form of an axial piston motor in swash plate type.

The piston engine 12 each includes a multi-part cylinder housing 44 , which defines a plurality (for example, six) of (expander) cylinders 46 oriented parallel to one another and to an axis of rotation of a (driven) shaft, in each of which an (expander) piston 18 is movably guided. The expander pistons 18 are each over a connecting rod 50 to an annular swash plate 52 tethered. The swash plate 52 is rotatable on a swashplate base 54 stored, the rotation with the shaft 38 of the axial piston motor 10 connected is. The swash plate 52 as well as the swashplate foot 54 have (mutually coaxial) longitudinal axes 56 on, in a defined angle greater than zero and less than 90 °, in particular less than 45 °, to the longitudinal axes 58 the expander cylinder 46 as well as to the longitudinal axis / rotation axis 60 the wave 38 inclined.

The pressure of successively into each expander cylinder 46 entering gaseous fluid leads due to the inclination of the swash plate 52 to a circumferentially directed force component in the connection points of the connecting rods 50 to the swash plate 52 , wherein this force component on the swash plate foot 54 is transmitted and thereby the desired rotation of the shaft 38 causes. As a result of the rotation of the shaft 38 and the thus rotatably connected swash plate foot 54 becomes the swash plate 52 in a staggering motion that leads to a back-and-forth motion with the swash plate 52 over the connecting rods 50 connected expander piston 48 leads. Each of the expander pistons moves 48 cyclically between one to a cylinder head 62 Nearby top dead center (OT) and one of the cylinder head 62 distant lower dead center (UT).

To prevent the swash plate 52 from the rotational movement of the swash plate foot 54 is taken, is provided, this secured against rotation with the cylinder housing 44 connect to. For this purpose, a securing sleeve (not shown) may be provided, which is connected to the cylinder housing 44 connected is. The locking sleeve can also have a cardan-like joint arrangement (not shown) with the swash plate 52 be connected. The hinge assembly binds the swash plate 52 rotationally fixed to the locking sleeve and thus to the cylinder housing 44 while leaving the wobble of the swash plate 52 to. To this end, the joint arrangement can rotate about the two bearing pins about a first axis with the locking sleeve and about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis extending rotatably with the swash plate 52 is connected.

The piston-cylinder units of the expansion devices 10 work with two bars. The movement of each expander piston 48 starting from the OT to the UT is due to the expansion of the in the associated expander cylinder 46 inflowing fluid causes (power stroke of the respective expander cylinder 46 and working stroke of the respective expander piston 48 ). When through the swash plate 52 caused movement of expander pistons 48 from the UT to the TDC, respectively, the fluid expanded during the previous cycle is removed from the associated expander cylinders 46 ejected (exhaust stroke of the respective expander cylinder 46 and ejection stroke of the respective expander piston 48 ). The inflow and discharge of the fluid at the scheduled timing is by means of the expander cylinders 46 associated gas inlet and gas outlet valves controlled in the form of a combined rotary valve 64 are formed.

The rotary valve 64 includes a cylinder head plate 66 , which face the front of the swash plate 52 spaced side sealing to the cylinder housing 44 is applied. The cylinder head plate 66 each has a fluid exchange opening serving as a combined inlet and outlet opening 68 for each of the expander cylinders 46 on. On the from the expander cylinders 46 spaced side of the cylinder head plate 66 is a rotary valve 70 arranged, the rotation with the shaft 38 is connected and thus in the operation of the expansion device 10 or the piston engine 12 relative to the cylinder head plate 66 rotates. This will cause the fluid change openings 68 the cylinder head plate 66 alternately and once per revolution of the shaft 38 in overlap with a first passage opening (inlet opening) 72 and with a second passage openings (outlet opening) 74 of the rotary valve 70 brought. The entrance opening 72 and the exit opening 74 are on the same orbit about the axis of rotation 60 of the rotary valve 70 arranged. In operation of the piston engine 12 (with the aim of generating a mechanical power by means of the expansion device 10 ) is at a coverage of the fluid exchange openings 68 the cylinder head plate 66 with the entrance opening 72 of the rotary valve 70 the respective expander cylinder 46 via a central (ie coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation 60 of the rotary valve 70 and the wave 38 located) gas inlet 76 the piston engine 12 , about one in the rotary valve 70 integrated and the gas inlet 76 with the entrance opening 72 connecting fluid channel 78 supplied to the gaseous fluid. At an overlap of the fluid exchange openings 68 with the outlet 74 of the rotary valve 70 the fluid from the respective Expanderzylindern 46 ejected and via a gas outlet 80 from the piston engine 12 dissipated. Here is the length of the inlet opening 72 of the rotary valve 70 (Regarding the intended direction of rotation of the rotary valve 70 ) selected such that an overlap with always only the fluid exchange opening 68 a single expander cylinder 46 is given, while the longer in the circumferential direction outlet opening 74 of the rotary valve 70 a simultaneous release of several fluid exchange openings 68 provides.

In addition to the expansion device 10 integrate the piston engines 12 according to the 5 to 7 each also a pump 14 , one or more of the cylinder housing 44 formed (pump) cylinder 82 includes, in each of which a (pump) piston 84 is movably guided. In the pump cylinder 82 each opens a liquid inlet 86 and a liquid outlet 88 , Into the liquid inlet 86 is a liquid inlet valve 90 and into the fluid outlet 88 a liquid outlet valve 92 , each in the form of a check valve, integrated. At one by the rotation of the shaft 38 caused reciprocating movement of the pump piston 84 is controlled by the liquid inlet valves 90 and the liquid outlet valves 92 , cyclically, in a suction stroke leading from the TDC to the UT, fluid in the liquid state into the associated pump cylinders 82 sucked and, in a leading from the UT to the OT delivery stroke, the previously sucked fluid from the pump cylinders 82 pushed out.

In the piston engines 12 according to the 5 and 6 are the pump pistons 84 also over connecting rods 50 to the swash plate 52 tethered and thus are characterized by their tumbling motion, caused by the operation of the expansion device 10 is effected, actuated or moved. It is in the piston engine 12 according to the 5 provided that also the longitudinal axis 94 the pump cylinder 82 (as well as the longitudinal axes 58 the expander cylinder 46 ) parallel with respect to the axis of rotation 60 the wave 38 aligned so that in this piston engine 12 not just the expansion device 10 as axial piston motor but also the pump 14 is designed as an axial piston pump. In contrast, in the piston engine 12 according to the 6 a radial orientation of the longitudinal axis 94 the pump cylinder 82 provided so that their pump 14 is formed in the form of a radial piston pump.

The pump 14 in the piston engine 12 according to the 7 is also designed as a radial piston pump, so that the longitudinal axis 94 the pump cylinder 82 again radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 60 the wave 38 is aligned. In this case, however, an actuation or movement of the pump piston 84 by means of one of the shaft 38 trained cam 96 in interaction with a spring element 98 causes. By a Guide of the pump piston 84 spaced end of the connecting rod 50 on the cam track acting surface of the cam 96 becomes upon rotation of the shaft 38 caused by the operation of the expansion device 10 is effected, the pump piston 84 cyclically starting from the associated UT moves to the associated TDC, while a subsequent return movement from TDC to UT by the spring element 98 is effected.

In the piston engines 12 according to the 5 and 7 is provided that the expander cylinder 46 (and thus also the expander pistons 48 ) on one side of the respective swash plate 52 are arranged while the pump cylinder 82 (and thus also the pump piston 84 ) on the other side of the swash plate 52 is arranged. Alternatively, there is also the possibility of both the expander cylinder 46 as well as the pump cylinder 82 on the same side with respect to the swash plates 52 to arrange. In a piston engine 12 according to the 5 can be provided in particular for this purpose that the expander cylinders 46 and the pump cylinder (s) 82 in an annular arrangement about the axis of rotation 60 the wave 38 are arranged, in which case an equal number of expander cylinders 46 and pump cylinders 82 and then further may be provided alternately in the circumferential direction.

The piston engines 12 according to the 5 to 7 are both in terms of expansion device 10 as well as with regard to the pump 14 unregulated or non-controllable designed so that the speed of the shaft 38 and thus the delivery rate of the respective pump 14 directly dependent on the operating pressure of the gaseous fluid, that of the expansion device 10 is supplied is. To help with the integration of such a piston machine 12 in a circuit processing device an influenceability of the delivery rate of the pump 14 to realize, whatever the operation of the associated expansion device 10 is, it can be provided that in the circulatory system upstream of the pump 14 the piston engine 12 (with respect to the flow of the fluid in the liquid state) by means of a control device (not shown) drivable, ie changeable with respect to the throttle effect, throttle valve 100 is integrated, as for the drive system according to the 3 is provided. By means of the throttle valve 100 can the amount of to the pump 14 the piston engine 12 flowing fluid and thus the flow rate of the pump 14 in addition (to the operation of the expansion device 10 ) to be influenced.

In the drive system according to the 4 Alternatively, for the same purpose, one is from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the pump 14 leading return line 102 , in which also by means of a control device (not shown) controllable, ie changeable in terms of Absperrwirkung, shut-off valve 104 integrated. To influence and specifically to reduce by means of the pump 14 through the evaporator 16 funded amount of fluid can thus be part of the previously by means of the pump 14 conveyed fluid via the return line 102 and the built-in (partially or fully open) shut-off valve 104 to the low pressure side of the pump 14 to be led back.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

expansion device

12

(Axial) reciprocating engine

14

(Piston) pump

16

Evaporator

18

combustion chamber

20

internal combustion engine

22

exhaust valve

24

exhaust bypass

26

turbine

28

first exhaust aftertreatment device

30

second exhaust aftertreatment device

32

capacitor

34

cooling system

36

surge tank

38

(Stripping) shaft

40

electric machine

42

battery

44

cylinder housing

46

(Expander) Cylinder

48

(Expander) piston

50

pleuel

52

swash plate

54

Taumelscheibenfuß

56

Longitudinal axis of the swash plate and the swash plate foot

58

Longitudinal axis of the (expander) cylinder

60

Longitudinal axis / rotation axis of the shaft and the rotary valve

62

cylinder head

64

Rotary valve

66

Cylinder head plate

68

Fluid exchange opening

70

rotary vane

72

first passage opening / inlet opening

74

second passage opening / outlet opening

76

gas inlet

78

fluid channel

80

gas outlet

82

(Pump) cylinder

84

(Pump) piston

86

liquid inlet

88

liquid outlet

90

Liquid inlet valve

92

liquid outlet

94

Longitudinal axis of the (pump) cylinder

96

cam

98

spring element

100

throttle valve

102

Return line

104

shut-off valve

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009028467 A1 [0003]
• DE 102010052508 A1 [0004]
• DE 102011118622 A1 [0007]
• DE 102015204367 A1 [0007]
• DE 10054022 A1 [0008]
• DE 102007006420 A1 [0009]
• WO 2014/023295 A2 [0010]
• WO 9601362 A1 [0011]

Claims (15)

Piston machine (12) with a cylinder housing (44) in which a plurality of cylinders (46, 82) are formed, and with in the cylinders (46, 82) movably guided piston (48, 84), characterized in that at least one of the cylinders (46, 82) as a pump cylinder (84) is part of a pump (14) and via a liquid inlet valve (90) with a liquid inlet (86) and a liquid outlet valve (92) connected to a liquid outlet (88) and at least one of the other Cylinder (46, 82) as an expander cylinder (46) is part of an expansion device (10) and is connected via a gas inlet valve with a gas inlet (76) and via a gas outlet valve with a gas outlet (80). Piston engine (12) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the gas inlet valve and / or the gas outlet valve in the form of a rotary slide valve (64) is formed. Piston engine (12) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the liquid inlet valve (90) and / or the liquid outlet valve (92) is designed in the form of a pressure relief valve. Piston engine (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two, three, four, five or six of the cylinders (46, 82) are arranged in an annular arrangement about an axis of rotation (60) of a shaft (28). Piston engine (12) according to Claim 4 , characterized in that in each case at least one of the cylinders (46, 82) arranged in an annular arrangement about the axis of rotation (60) is a pump cylinder (82) and an expander cylinder (46). Piston engine (12) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the cylinders (46, 82) arranged in an annular arrangement about the axis of rotation (60) are alternately pump cylinders (82) and expander cylinders (46). Piston engine (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the pump cylinder (46) guided piston (84) and / or guided in the expander cylinder piston (48) is / is connected to a swash plate, wherein the attachment points of Pistons (46, 84) to the swashplate define a plane which is obliquely aligned with respect to the axis of rotation (60) of a / the shaft (38). Piston engine (12) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the swash plate as a swash plate (52) rotatably rests on a rotatably connected to the shaft (38) connected to the swash plate (54). Piston engine (12) according to Claim 7 or 8th characterized in that the longitudinal axis (58, 94) of the cylinder (46, 82) of one kind parallel to the axis of rotation (60) and the longitudinal axis (94, 48) of the other type cylinder (82, 46) transverse to the Rotation axis (60) is aligned. Piston machine (12) according to one of Claims 7 to 9 characterized in that the expander cylinder (46) is disposed on one side of the slant plate and the pump cylinder (82) on the other side of the slant plate. Piston machine (12) according to one of Claims 7 to 10 , characterized in that in the cylinder (46, 82) of a kind guided piston (48, 84) is connected to the swash plate and guided in the cylinder (82, 46) of the other type piston (84, 48) a cam (96) of the shaft (38) is actuated. Combination of a piston engine (12) according to any one of the preceding claims and an electric machine (40) having a rotatably connected to a / the shaft (38) of the piston engine (12) connected rotor. Circuit process device with a circulation system for a fluid, wherein in the circulation system - an evaporator (16) for vaporizing the fluid, - an expansion device (10) for expanding the fluid, - a condenser (32) for condensing the fluid and - a pump (14 ) are integrated for conveying the fluid in the circulatory system, characterized in that the expansion device (10) and the pump (14) in the form of a piston machine (12) are designed according to one of the preceding claims. Circuit processing device according to Claim 13 characterized by a throttle valve (100) integrated into the circulatory system on the low pressure side of the pump (14). Circuit processing device (88) according to Claim 13 or 14 characterized by a return line (102) leading from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the pump (14) into which a throttle valve (100) or a check valve (104) is integrated.

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