DE4242539A1 - Nonwoven fabric - utilises process of heat-treatment of natural pectin content followed by mechanical compression - Google Patents
Nonwoven fabric - utilises process of heat-treatment of natural pectin content followed by mechanical compressionInfo
- Publication number
- DE4242539A1 DE4242539A1 DE4242539A DE4242539A DE4242539A1 DE 4242539 A1 DE4242539 A1 DE 4242539A1 DE 4242539 A DE4242539 A DE 4242539A DE 4242539 A DE4242539 A DE 4242539A DE 4242539 A1 DE4242539 A1 DE 4242539A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pectin
- natural
- heat
- utilises
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020112 Hirsutism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verfestigen und Versteifen von textilen Produkten, insbesondere Vliesstoffen aus pektinhaltigen Faser stoffen mittels mechanischen Drucks und Hitze.The invention relates to a method for solidifying and stiffening textile products, in particular nonwovens made of pectin-containing fiber fabrics using mechanical pressure and heat.
Bei der Vliesstoffverfestigung sind allgemein mechanische chemische und thermische Verfahren bekannt. Bei der mechanischen Verfestigung unter scheidet man Vernadelung mit Hilfe von Filznadeln, Faserverschlingungen durch Wasserstrahlen (spunlaced) oder Nähwirkverfahren ohne Faden. Der Verfestigungsgrad ist bei diesen Verfahren relativ gering; zur Erzielung höherer Festigkeiten erfolgt die Einarbeitung von Verstärkungsgeweben oder eine zusätzliche chemische Verfestigung. Naturfasern wie Jute, Flachs und Hanf lassen sich nur eingeschränkt bis zu einem gewissen Grad vernadeln; das Nadelverfahren ist hier nur bedingt zur Verfestigung geeignet. Der größte Teil der Vliesstoffe wird chemisch verfestigt. Mittels Vollbad- Imprägnierung, Sprühverfestigung, Pflatschen oder Schaumverfestigen wird dabei ein Mittel zugegeben, das nach der Behandlung die einzelnen Fasern stofflich verbindet. Der Nachteil dieser Verfahren ist, daß ein zusätzlicher Stoff, nämlich das Bindemittel erforderlich ist.Mechanical and chemical bonding are generally used in nonwoven bonding thermal process known. During mechanical consolidation under one cuts needling with the help of felting needles, fiber entanglements by water jets (spunlaced) or sewing process without thread. The The degree of solidification is relatively low in these processes; to achieve Reinforcement fabrics or higher strengths are incorporated an additional chemical consolidation. Natural fibers such as jute, flax and Hemp can only be needled to a certain extent to a limited extent; the needle method is only conditionally suitable for solidification. Most of the nonwovens are chemically consolidated. Using a full bath Impregnation, spray hardening, splashing or foam hardening an agent is added to the individual fibers after treatment materially connects. The disadvantage of this method is that a additional substance, namely the binder is required.
Bei der Thermischen Verfestigung werden thermoplastische Faserstoffe unter der Einwirkung von Hitze erweicht und miteinander in Kontakt stehende Fasern verklebt. Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist, daß hierfür nur thermoplastische Faserstoffe geeignet sind und durch die Deformierung und Verklebung der Fasern ihr Fasercharakter zerstört wird. Als pektinhaltige Faserstoffe gelten Naturfaserstoffe wie Flachs oder Hanf. Die Fasern werden dabei von Pektinen (Pflanzenleim) umhüllt, der bei Zimmertemperatur ein Stoff von fester Konsistenz ist. Dieser Stoff besitzt die Eigenschaft, oberhalb einer Temperatur von 150°C zu erweichen. Diese Eigenschaft kann ausgenutzt werden, um Textilien, insbesondere Vliesstoffe aus derartigen Faserstoffen zu verfestigen. Inbesondere bei ungerösteten Stengelfasern ist der Pektinanteil in einer Höhe, daß er sich als Verfestigungs- und Versteifungsmittel für textile Produkte sehr gut ausnutzen lädt. So wird der Pektin- und Hemicelluloseanteil eines ungerösteten Flachses in "Textilveredlung" 6/1987 S. 220-223 mit 20 % angegeben. Aber auch geröstete Stengelfasern besitzen noch Pektinanteile von 7 bis 8 % bei Flachs ("Naturfasern/Chemiefasern", Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1955; "Melliand" Textilberichte 11/1990 S. 825 bis 830) und etwa 10 % bei Hanf ("Naturfasern/Chemiefasern", Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1955), die für Verfestigungs- bzw. Versteifungszwecke nutzbar sind. In thermal consolidation, thermoplastic fiber materials are under softened by exposure to heat and in contact with each other Fibers glued. The disadvantage of this method is that only thermoplastic fibers are suitable and due to the deformation and Gluing the fibers their fiber character is destroyed. As containing pectin Fibers apply to natural fibers such as flax or hemp. The fibers are covered by pectins (plant glue) at room temperature is a substance of firm consistency. This substance has the property soften above a temperature of 150 ° C. This property can can be used to make textiles, especially nonwovens from such Consolidate fibrous materials. Especially with unroasted stem fibers is the amount of pectin at a level that it can be used as a solidification and Use stiffeners for textile products very well. So will the pectin and hemicellulose content of an unroasted flax in "Textile finishing" 6/1987 pp. 220-223 stated with 20%. But also Roasted stem fibers still contain 7 to 8% of pectin Flax ("natural fibers / chemical fibers", specialist book publisher Leipzig 1955; "Melliand" Textile reports 11/1990 p. 825 to 830) and about 10% for hemp ("Natural fibers / chemical fibers", Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1955), which for Solidification or stiffening purposes can be used.
Bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 150°C, vorzugsweise 200°C bis 230°C erweicht diese Pektinschicht und mittels eines Preßwerks und nachfolgender Abkühlung kann die Textilie verfestigt werden. Die Obergrenze der nutz baren Temperatur ist bei dem Verfahren je nach dem thermischen Schädi gungsgrad bzw. der thermischen Zersetzung des Naturfaserstoffs gegeben. Nach dem Abkühlen sind die vorher unverbundenen Stengelfasern unterein ander wie mit einem Bindemittel verbunden. Das vormals die Fasern um schlossene Pektin hat sich nach Intensität der eingewirkten Hitze braun verfärbt und verbindet die einzelnen Fasern an deren Berührungspunkten. Bei der Wahl der Verfestigungstemperatur ist zu beachten, ein Optimum zwischen ausreichendem Erweichen der Pektinschicht und einer minimalen thermischen Schädigung der Fasersubstanz zu finden. Dieser optimale Bereich der Temperatur ist von den weiteren Prozeßparametern wie Preß druck, Zeitdauer, Charakter der Textilie, Anforderung an das Endprodukt abhängig.At a temperature of at least 150 ° C, preferably 200 ° C to 230 ° C softens this pectin layer and by means of a press and subsequent Cooling can solidify the textile. The upper limit of usable The temperature in the process depends on the thermal damage degree or thermal decomposition of the natural fiber material. After cooling, the previously unconnected stem fibers are together other than connected with a binder. That used to be the fibers closed pectin has turned brown according to the intensity of the heat discolors and connects the individual fibers at their points of contact. When choosing the hardening temperature, an optimum must be observed between sufficient softening of the pectin layer and minimal to find thermal damage to the fiber substance. This optimal The temperature range is from the other process parameters such as press pressure, duration, character of the textile, requirements for the end product dependent.
Das Verfahren kann bei textilen Produkten mit pektinhaltigen Faseranteilen dazu genutzt werden, umThe process can be used for textile products with pectin-containing fiber components to be used to
- - Textilien zu verfestigen,- solidify textiles,
- - Textilien zu verdichten,- compress textiles,
- - Textilien oberflächlich zu glätten (beispielsweise um die Haarigkeit zu reduzieren),- Smooth textiles superficially (for example to reduce hairiness)
- - Textilien zu versteifen,- stiffen textiles,
- - Textilien in einer permanenten Form zu fixieren,- to fix textiles in a permanent shape,
- - als Bindefasern in Textilmischungen zu fungieren,- act as binding fibers in textile blends,
- - eine derartige Textilie mit anderen Textilien zu verbinden (beispielsweise zur Ausbildung von Sandwichstrukturen).- to combine such a textile with other textiles (for example for the formation of sandwich structures).
Der Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt darin, daß zum Verfestigen, Versteifen und Glätten von textilen Produkten mit Anteilen pektinhaltiger Naturfasern keine zusätzlichen Bindemittel erforderlich sind, es wird das natürlich vorhandene Pektin genutzt. Das Verfahren ist einfach und ohne Belastungen der Umwelt. Die verfestigten Textilien, vorzugsweise Vliesstoffe, bestehen nur aus ihren ursprünglichen Bestandteilen und sind problemlos biologisch abbaubar. The advantage of the method is that it is for solidification, stiffening and smoothing of textile products with parts of natural fibers containing pectin no additional binders are required, it will be natural existing pectin used. The process is simple and without stress the environment. The solidified textiles, preferably nonwovens, exist only from their original components and are easily organic degradable.
Ein tiefziehfähiges Vlies aus ungeröstetem Flachs wird mittels Tief ziehvorrichtung geformt und anschließend in einer Form bei einer Temperatur von 200°C und einem Druck von 80 kp/cm2verfestigt und versteift. Der so hergestellte Formkörper aus ungeröstetem Flachs wird danach zur Verstärkung von Epoxidharz nach der RTM-Technologie eingesetzt. A deep-drawn nonwoven flax fleece is shaped by means of a deep-drawing device and then solidified and stiffened in a mold at a temperature of 200 ° C. and a pressure of 80 kp / cm 2 . The molded body made from unroasted flax is then used to reinforce epoxy resin using RTM technology.
Ein vernadeltes Vlies aus geröstetem Flachs wird mittels Tunnelofen auf 220°C aufgeheizt und mit beheizten Prägewalzen bei einem Druck von 100 kp/cm2behandelt. Das Flachsvlies erhält dadurch eine permanente wabenartige dreidimensionale Form, ist gegenüber dem Ausgangsvlies verdichtet, verfestigt und besitzt eine geglättete Oberfläche.A needled fleece made of roasted flax is heated to 220 ° C. in a tunnel oven and treated with heated embossing rollers at a pressure of 100 kp / cm 2 . The flax fleece thus has a permanent honeycomb-like three-dimensional shape, is compressed, solidified compared to the starting fleece and has a smoothed surface.
Ein derartiges Vlies läßt sich gut handhaben und in Formen zur Herstellung von Verbundwerkstoffen einlegen. Die ausgebildete dreidimensionale, versteifte Struktur wirkt gegen Delaminierungserscheinungen in Verbundwerkstoffen.Such a fleece is easy to handle and in molds for production of composite materials. The trained three-dimensional, stiffened structure works against signs of delamination Composite materials.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4242539A DE4242539C2 (en) | 1992-12-16 | 1992-12-16 | Process for solidifying textile products made from natural fibers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4242539A DE4242539C2 (en) | 1992-12-16 | 1992-12-16 | Process for solidifying textile products made from natural fibers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4242539A1 true DE4242539A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
| DE4242539C2 DE4242539C2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
Family
ID=6475488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4242539A Expired - Fee Related DE4242539C2 (en) | 1992-12-16 | 1992-12-16 | Process for solidifying textile products made from natural fibers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4242539C2 (en) |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341725A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-06-08 | Windi Winderlich Gmbh | Non-woven belt from sclerenchyma fibre, esp. flax |
| DE19756046A1 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-06-24 | Inst Agrartechnik Bornim E V | Processing harvested hemp |
| EP0888776A4 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 2005-01-26 | Takara Bio Inc | A product of heat treatment of uronic acid, food, drink or drug including the product |
| EP1588815A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-10-26 | Université de Picardie Jules Verne | Method for producing plant felt from tow |
| US20160130762A1 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-12 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same |
| US9995005B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2018-06-12 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
| US10099425B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2018-10-16 | Structured I, Llc | Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3D printing technology |
| US10208426B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2019-02-19 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
| US10273635B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2019-04-30 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
| US10301779B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2019-05-28 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
| US10422082B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2019-09-24 | Structured I, Llc | Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness |
| US10422078B2 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2019-09-24 | Structured I, Llc | Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire |
| US10538882B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-21 | Structured I, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10544547B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-28 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10619309B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2020-04-14 | Structured I, Llc | Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt |
| US11220394B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2022-01-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system |
| US11391000B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2022-07-19 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
| US11505898B2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2022-11-22 | First Quality Tissue Se, Llc | Laminated paper machine clothing |
| US11583489B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2023-02-21 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
| US11697538B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-07-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
| US11738927B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
-
1992
- 1992-12-16 DE DE4242539A patent/DE4242539C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341725A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-06-08 | Windi Winderlich Gmbh | Non-woven belt from sclerenchyma fibre, esp. flax |
| EP0888776A4 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 2005-01-26 | Takara Bio Inc | A product of heat treatment of uronic acid, food, drink or drug including the product |
| DE19756046A1 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-06-24 | Inst Agrartechnik Bornim E V | Processing harvested hemp |
| DE19756046B4 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2008-01-03 | Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. | Process for harvesting, preserving, processing and processing hemp |
| EP1588815A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-10-26 | Université de Picardie Jules Verne | Method for producing plant felt from tow |
| US10570570B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2020-02-25 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
| US9995005B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2018-06-12 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
| US10190263B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2019-01-29 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
| US12123148B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2024-10-22 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
| US11391000B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2022-07-19 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
| US20160130762A1 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-12 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same |
| US9988763B2 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2018-06-05 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same |
| US10900176B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2021-01-26 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
| US11959226B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2024-04-16 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
| US10273635B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2019-04-30 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
| US11807992B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2023-11-07 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
| US10099425B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2018-10-16 | Structured I, Llc | Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3D printing technology |
| US10544547B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-28 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10538882B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-21 | Structured I, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10954636B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2021-03-23 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10954635B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2021-03-23 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US11242656B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2022-02-08 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US11220394B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2022-01-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system |
| US11577906B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2023-02-14 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system |
| US10787767B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2020-09-29 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
| US11634865B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2023-04-25 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
| US10208426B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2019-02-19 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
| US11028534B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2021-06-08 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
| US10858786B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2020-12-08 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
| US11674266B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2023-06-13 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
| US10301779B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2019-05-28 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4242539C2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
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