DE4118594C1 - IC engine and/or electric motor driven vehicle - housing high power battery chargeable by motor driven as generator - Google Patents

IC engine and/or electric motor driven vehicle - housing high power battery chargeable by motor driven as generator

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Publication number
DE4118594C1
DE4118594C1 DE4118594A DE4118594A DE4118594C1 DE 4118594 C1 DE4118594 C1 DE 4118594C1 DE 4118594 A DE4118594 A DE 4118594A DE 4118594 A DE4118594 A DE 4118594A DE 4118594 C1 DE4118594 C1 DE 4118594C1
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Prior art keywords
battery
batteries
charging
vehicle
alternative
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Expired - Fee Related
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DE4118594A
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German (de)
Inventor
Faust Dipl.-Ing. 8000 Muenchen De Hagin
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

The auxiliary propulsion system consists of an electric motor (1), a battery control unit (4) with associated selection switches (7,8), a high capacity (Ni Cd) battery (2) as a main energy store and a normal capacity (lead acid) battery (3) as a secondary energy store. The two high performance 12 volt batteries can be selected either individually or simultaneously via the battery control unit in order to provide the vehicle's power requirements under all motoring conditions. USE/ADVANTAGE - Battery powered auxiliary propulsion system for motor vehicles. Electric motor functions as a battery charging generator during vehicle braking. Optimises power, performance, and cost effectiveness by using batteries of different types and capacities. Lightweight construction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Merkmalen entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a motor vehicle with features corresponding to the Preamble of claim 1.

Elektrofahrzeuge oder sogenannte Hybridfahrzeuge mit Elektromaschine und Verbrennungsmotor für wahlweisen oder gemeinsamen Antrieb - siehe z. B. DE 33 35 923 A1, von denen die Erfindung ausgeht - werden für viele Einsatzzwecke als Fahrzeuge der Zukunft betrachtet. Reine batteriebetriebene Fahrzeuge, wie aus der DE 33 39 884 C2 bekannt, sind auch dann, wenn sie wie hier über zwei Batterien, eine Haupt- und eine Pufferbatterie, verfügen, nur begrenzt einsatzfähig und nur für Spezialzwecke geeignet.Electric vehicles or so-called hybrid vehicles with electric machines and Internal combustion engine for optional or common drive - see e.g. B. DE 33 35 923 A1, from which the invention is based - are used for many purposes regarded as vehicles of the future. Pure battery powered vehicles, as known from DE 33 39 884 C2, even if they are like here two batteries, a main and a buffer battery, have limited usability and only suitable for special purposes.

Es gibt bereits eine Reihe von Versuchsfahrzeugen auf dem Markt sowie Untersuchungen und Berichte über deren Technik und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Vergleich zu rein brennkraftmaschinenbetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen, von denen einige nachstehend aufgeführt sind.There are already a number of test vehicles on the market as well as tests and reports on their technology and economy compared to purely engine powered motor vehicles, some of which are below are listed.

  • 1. Daimler Benz-Broschüre "Elektroantrieb/Umweltschonende Energien", veröffentlicht 4/901. Daimler Benz brochure "Electric drive / environmentally friendly energies", published 4/90
  • 2. Verkehr und Technik, 1990, Heft 12, Seiten 435-443, "Umwelteffekt und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Elektrofahrzeugen"2. Verkehr und Technik, 1990, volume 12, pages 435-443, "environmental effect and Economics of electric vehicles "
  • 3. VDI-Nachrichten, Nr. 7, 15. Febr. 1991, Seite 33, "Kalifornien setzt auf Elektroautos"3. VDI-Nachrichten, No. 7, Feb. 15, 1991, page 33, "California relies on electric cars"
  • 4. Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 21. 3. 1991, "Autos ohne Auspuff"4. Süddeutsche Zeitung of March 21, 1991, "Cars without exhaust"
  • 5. VDI-Nachrichten, Nr. 45, 9. Nov. 1990, Seite 29, "Elektromobile vor dem Comeback"5. VDI-Nachrichten, No. 45, Nov. 9, 1990, page 29, "Electric vehicles before the comeback"
  • 6. VDI-Nachrichten, Nr. 46, 16. Nov. 1990, Seite 42, "Stiller Bruder präsentiert sich als urbane Mobilitäts-Alternative"6. VDI-Nachrichten, No. 46, Nov. 16, 1990, page 42, "Quiet brother presents itself as an urban mobility alternative "
  • 7. Münchner Merkur vom 10. Jan. 1991, "Antrieb vorn und hinten"7. Munich Mercury from January 10, 1991, "Drive front and rear"
  • 8. ATZ 92 (1990) 2, Seite 76, "Hybridtechnik von VW in Zürich im Großversuch" 8. ATZ 92 (1990) 2, page 76, "Hybrid technology from VW in Zurich in large-scale test"  
  • 9. AUDI-DUO, siehe z. B. Automotive Engineering, June 1990, Volume 98, Nr. 6, Seiten 76 und 799. AUDI-DUO, see e.g. B. Automotive Engineering, June 1990, Volume 98, No. 6, Pages 76 and 79
  • 10. Automobil Revue, 5/1. Februar 1990, "Impact-GMs Elektroauto"10th Automobile Review, 5/1. February 1990, "Impact-GM's electric car"
  • 11. Verkehr und Technik, 1990, Heft 11, Seiten 399-407, "Technologische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Elektrofahrzeugen"11. Verkehr und Technik, 1990, Issue 11, pages 399-407, "Technological and economic development of the possible uses of electric vehicles "
  • 12. Bull. ASE/UCS, 77 (1986), 16, 23. 8., S. 1040-1044, "Nickel-Eisen-Traktionsbatterien für elektrische Straßenfahrzeuge"12. Bull. ASE / UCS, 77 (1986), 16, Aug. 23, pp. 1040-1044, "Nickel-iron traction batteries for electric road vehicles "

Das Hauptproblem bei solchen Elektrofahrzeugen ist die elektrische Energiequelle, die Batterie. Als bekannt in der Literatur werden angegeben die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von verschiedenen Batteriespeichern, wieThe main problem with such electric vehicles is the electrical energy source, the battery. The possible uses are indicated as known in the literature from different battery stores, such as

  • - Blei-Gel-Batterie (Pb/PbO₂),- lead gel battery (Pb / PbO₂),
  • - Nickel/Cadmium-Batterie (Ni/Cd),- nickel / cadmium battery (Ni / Cd),
  • - Nickel/Eisen-Batterie (Ni/Fe),- nickel / iron battery (Ni / Fe),
  • - Zink/Brom-Batterie (Zn/Br₂),- zinc / bromine battery (Zn / Br₂),
  • - Natrium/Schwefel-Batterie (Na/S),- sodium / sulfur battery (Na / S),
  • - Natrium/Nickelchlorid-Batterie (Na/NiCl₂).- Sodium / nickel chloride battery (Na / NiCl₂).

Allen Batterie-Typen haftet jedoch irgendein Mangel an - entweder sind sie zu schwer, zu teuer, zu kurzlebig oder für ausreichende Reichweite/Fahrleistung ungenügend.However, there is some defect in all battery types - either they are closed heavy, too expensive, too short-lived or insufficient for sufficient range / driving performance.

Außerdem ist allen bisher bekannten, durch die Presse vorgestellten oder als Versuchsfahrzeuge ausgeführten Kraftfahrzeugen eines gemeinsam: Jedes Kraftfahrzeug verfügt nur über eine mehr oder weniger große Batterie eines ganz bestimmten Typs, mit der Folge, daß auch dessen systembedingte Nachteile in Kauf genommen werden mußten.In addition, all previously known, presented by the press or as test vehicles executed motor vehicles one thing in common: every motor vehicle only has a more or less large battery of a very specific one Type, with the result that its systemic disadvantages in purchase had to be taken.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Kraftfahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art mit einer Batterie-Anlage auszustatten, die mit vertretbarem Kostenmehraufwand eine Erhöhung der Fahrdynamik, Leistungsbereitstellung und Reichweite ermöglicht.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a motor vehicle of the type mentioned Type to equip with a battery system that with reasonable additional costs an increase in driving dynamics, performance and range enables.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Kombination der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Mittel gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the combination of those in claim 1 specified means solved.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Durch die kombinatorische Verwendung zweier leistungsunterschiedlicher Batterie-Typen mit entsprechender Regel- und Steuerlektronik lassen sich systembedingte Nachteile bisheriger Elektro- bzw. Hybridfahrzeuge zumindest teilweise beheben und die aufgabengemäßen Forderungen erfüllen.Through the combinatorial use of two different performance Battery types with appropriate control and control electronics can be system-related Disadvantages of previous electric or hybrid vehicles at least partially fix and fulfill the task-related requirements.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung in ihren Einzelheiten anhand einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten Schemaskizze noch näher erläutert.Below is the invention in its details with reference to one in the drawing shown schematic sketch explained in more detail.

Diese Schema-Skizze zeigt das Energieversorgungssystem eines Kraftfahrzeuges, bei dem es sich um ein reines Elektrofahrzeug oder ein solches mit Hybridantrieb, bestehend aus Verbrennungsmotor und Elektromaschine, handeln kann.This schematic sketch shows the energy supply system of a motor vehicle, which is a pure electric vehicle or one with a hybrid drive, consisting of an internal combustion engine and an electric machine.

Die als Generator oder Motor betreibbare Elektromaschine 1, welche über ein Getriebe an den anzutreibenden Rädern des Fahrzeuges angeschlossen ist, steht mit dem elektrischen Energieversorgungssystem - bestehend aus der Kombination einer Hochleistungsbatterie 2 als Großenergiespeicher und einer kleineren (Normal-)Batterie 3 - über eine Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung 4 in Verbindung. Die elektrischen Verbindungsleitungen 5, 6 zwischen letzterer und den Batterien 2, 3 sind jeweils mittels eines gesteuerten Schalters 7, 8 unterbrechbar bzw. schließbar. Mit 9 ist ein Anschluß z. B. in Form einer Steckdose bezeichnet, über den mittels eines externen Anschlußkabels (nicht dargestellt) elektrische Energie aus dem Netz über die Einrichtung 4 gesteuert bzw. geregelt den Batterien 2, 3 für deren Aufladung zuführbar ist. The electric machine 1 , which can be operated as a generator or motor and which is connected to the wheels of the vehicle to be driven via a gearbox, is connected to the electric power supply system - consisting of the combination of a high-performance battery 2 as a large energy store and a smaller (normal) battery 3 - via a charging device - And discharge operation control and regulating device 4 in connection. The electrical connecting lines 5 , 6 between the latter and the batteries 2 , 3 can each be interrupted or closed by means of a controlled switch 7 , 8 . With 9 is a connection z. B. in the form of a socket, by means of which an external connection cable (not shown) controls electrical energy from the network via the device 4 or regulates the batteries 2 , 3 for charging them.

Bei der Hochleistungsbatterie 2 kann es sich um eine Nickel/Cadmium-Batterie (Ni/Cd) oder eine Natrium/Schwefel-Batterie (Na/S) oder eine Zink/Brom-Batterie (Zn/Br₂) handeln. Bei der kleineren (Normal-)Batterie 3 kann es sich um eine Bleisäure- bzw. Blei-Gel-Batterie (Pb/PbO₂) handeln.The high-performance battery 2 can be a nickel / cadmium battery (Ni / Cd) or a sodium / sulfur battery (Na / S) or a zinc / bromine battery (Zn / Br₂). The smaller (normal) battery 3 can be a lead acid or lead gel battery (Pb / PbO₂).

Anwendbar ist beispielsweise anstelle einer 20-kWh/Na/S-Batterie 2 mit Nmax von ca. 25 kW, die derzeit etwa 12 000 DM kostet und ein Gewicht von ca. 180 kg hat, eine Kombination, bestehend aus einer 10-kWh-Na/S-Batterie 2 mit Nmax von ca. 12,5 kW, die derzeit etwa 6000 DM kostet und ein Gewicht von ca. 100 kg hat, mit einer 4-kWh-Pb/PbO₂-Batterie 3 mit Nmax von ca. 12,5 kW, welche derzeit 1200 DM kostet und etwa 135 kg wiegt. Beide Batterien 2, 3 sind vorzugsweise auf gleiche Spannung von beispielsweise 12 Volt ausgelegt.For example, instead of a 20 kWh / Na / S battery 2 with N max of approximately 25 kW, which currently costs approximately DM 12,000 and has a weight of approximately 180 kg, a combination consisting of a 10 kWh can be used -Na / S battery 2 with N max of about 12.5 kW, which currently costs about 6000 DM and has a weight of about 100 kg, with a 4 kWh Pb / PbO₂ battery 3 with N max of approx. 12.5 kW, which currently costs 1200 DM and weighs about 135 kg. Both batteries 2 , 3 are preferably designed for the same voltage, for example 12 volts.

Somit ergeben sich bei gleicher Anfahrleistung bzw. Fahrdynamik um ca. 4800 DM bzw. 40% niedrigere Anschaffungskosten für die Batterien.This results in approx. Approx. 4800 DM or 40% lower purchase costs for the batteries.

Die Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung 4 ist für eine alternative oder simultane Auf- und Entladung der Batterien 2, 3 während des Fahrbetriebs über die entsprechend als Generator bzw. Motor betriebene Elektromaschine 1 sowie für eine alternative oder simultane oder aufeinanderfolgende Aufladung der Batterien 2, 3 aus dem Strom-Netz (über 9) bei einem Fahrzeughalt ausgelegt.The charging and discharging operation control and regulating device 4 is for an alternative or simultaneous charging and discharging of the batteries 2 , 3 during driving operation via the electric machine 1, which is operated accordingly as a generator or motor, and for an alternative or simultaneous or successive charging of the batteries 2 , 3 from the electricity network (over 9 ) designed at a vehicle stop.

Außerdem ist die Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung 4 für eine - bei niedrigem Leistungsbedarf für den Fahrbetrieb des Fahrzeuges - gegebenenfalls alternative Energieabgabe aus einer der beiden Batterien 2, 3 und für eine - bei höherem Leistungsbedarf für den Fahrzeugantrieb, z. B. für Beschleunigungen und Bergfahrten - gleichzeitige Energieabgabe aus beiden Batterien 2, 3 ausgelegt.In addition, the charging and discharging operation control and regulating device 4 for a - with a low power requirement for driving the vehicle - optionally alternative energy output from one of the two batteries 2 , 3 and for a - with a higher power requirement for the vehicle drive, z. B. designed for accelerations and mountain trips - simultaneous energy output from both batteries 2 , 3 .

Ebenso ist die Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung 4 für eine vorzugsweise alternative, nacheinander erfolgende Aufladung der Batterien 2, 3 im Brems- bzw. Schubbetrieb des Fahrzeuges ausgelegt.Likewise, the charging and discharging operation control and regulating device 4 is designed for a preferably alternative, successive charging of the batteries 2 , 3 in braking or overrun mode of the vehicle.

Claims (3)

1. Kraftfahrzeug mit an Batterie angeschlossener, als Generator oder Motor betreibbarer Elektromaschine (1) für den allgemeinen oder zu einem Verbrennungsmotor wahlweisen oder zuschaltbaren Antrieb der Fahrzeuge, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination einer Hochleistungsbatterie (2) mit relativ hohem spezifischen Energiegehalt, z. B. Nickel/Cadmium- oder Natrium/Schwefel- oder Zink/Brom-Batterie, als Großenergiespeicher mit einer kleineren Batterie (3) vorzugsweise gleicher Spannung mit kleinerem spezifischen Energiegehalt, aber relativ hoher Leistung in bezug auf ihr Gewicht und deutlich niedrigerem Preis-/Leistungs-Verhältnis, z. B. Blei-Gel- bzw. Bleisäure-Batterie, und einer entsprechenden Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung (4). 1. Motor vehicle with a battery connected, operated as a generator or motor electric machine ( 1 ) for the general or to an internal combustion engine optional or switchable drive of the vehicles, characterized by the combination of a high-performance battery ( 2 ) with a relatively high specific energy content, for. B. nickel / cadmium or sodium / sulfur or zinc / bromine battery, as a large energy storage with a smaller battery ( 3 ) preferably the same voltage with a smaller specific energy content, but relatively high performance in terms of their weight and significantly lower price / Money, e.g. B. lead-gel or lead-acid battery, and a corresponding charging and discharging operation control and regulating device ( 4 ). 2. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung (4) für eine alternative oder simultane Auf- und Entladung der Batterien (2, 3) während des Fahrbetriebs über die Elektromaschine und für eine alternative oder simultane Aufladung bei einem Fahrzeughalt aus dem Stromnetz ausgelegt ist.2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging and discharging operation control and regulating device ( 4 ) for an alternative or simultaneous charging and discharging of the batteries ( 2 , 3 ) during driving operation via the electric machine and for an alternative or simultaneous charging at a vehicle stop from the power grid is designed. 3. Kraftfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lade- und Entladebetriebssteuer- und -regeleinrichtung (4) bei niedrigem Leistungsbedarf für den Fahrzeugantrieb auf eine gegebenenfalls alternative Energieabgabesteuerung aus einer der beiden Batterien (2, 3), bei höherem Leistungsbedarf für den Fahrzeugantrieb auf eine gleichzeitige Energieabgabe aus beiden Batterien (2, 3) und für eine vorzugsweise alternative, nacheinander erfolgende Aufladung der Batterien (2, 3) im Brems- bzw. Schubbetrieb des Fahrzeugs ausgelegt ist.3. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging and discharging operation control and regulating device ( 4 ) with a low power requirement for the vehicle drive to an alternative energy delivery control from one of the two batteries ( 2 , 3 ), if necessary, with a higher power requirement is designed for the vehicle drive for a simultaneous release of energy from both batteries ( 2 , 3 ) and for a preferably alternative, successive charging of the batteries ( 2 , 3 ) in braking or overrun mode of the vehicle.
DE4118594A 1991-06-06 1991-06-06 IC engine and/or electric motor driven vehicle - housing high power battery chargeable by motor driven as generator Expired - Fee Related DE4118594C1 (en)

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DE19857645B4 (en) * 1997-12-15 2014-03-13 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric system for electric vehicle
EP1045074A2 (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-10-18 VF Venieri S.p.A. Electric earth-moving vehicle particularly for poorly ventilated locations
EP1045074B1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2007-01-17 VF Venieri S.p.A. Electric earth-moving vehicle particularly for poorly ventilated locations
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DE19921450C5 (en) * 1999-05-08 2006-08-03 Daimlerchrysler Ag Electric vehicle drive
DE19921450C1 (en) * 1999-05-08 2000-07-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Electric vehicle drive has second energy supply and storage device coupled via bi-directional D.C./D.C. converter to connection of machine also connected to D.C. voltage connection
DE102008061583A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Continental Automotive Gmbh Electrical drive system for vehicle, particularly electric vehicle, has electrical drive motor and two energy storage systems which are made of multiple energy storages
CN101767541B (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-11-09 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 Electric automobile power system based on distribution type power battery group and electric automobile
CN102785563A (en) * 2012-08-23 2012-11-21 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司杭州分公司 Power system of hybrid electric vehicle
CN103144720A (en) * 2013-03-18 2013-06-12 徐军 Automatically chargeable electric vehicle and charging method thereof
WO2016081988A1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Power Management Technologies Pty Ltd Power management for an electric drive system
DE102018116167A1 (en) 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft aircraft
DE102018116148A1 (en) 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft aircraft
US11370323B2 (en) 2018-07-04 2022-06-28 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Aircraft with energy battery for cruise and power battery for take-off and landing
DE102018116167B4 (en) 2018-07-04 2024-03-21 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft aircraft
CN111071101A (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-28 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Method and system for operating an electrical energy store

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