DE4037438A1 - Portable reinforced concrete foundation for post - is for post and has narrow shaft with baseplate, and basket - Google Patents

Abstract

The foundation element is of reinforced concrete (F1), and has a basket (13) for monolithic imbedding in concrete of a post. The horizontal top of the element is smaller than its base. The basket is surrounded on the sides by a narrow shaft (12), and has a base plate (10), connected to the shaft via a sloping section (11). The horizontal profiles of this are height-dependant, so that the max. permissible support force at preset max. load, is mainly or completely reached, but not exceeded. ADVANTAGE - Uses less material, is simpler to manufacture.

Description

The invention relates to a foundation made of reinforced concrete a quiver for a monolithic concreting Support; the foundation has an upper horizontal Foundation cross-section that is smaller than a foundation Sole cross-section is; the invention also relates to a Device for the production of such foundations for Predefinable support and moment load capacities.

It is known that such foundations are conical or form truncated pyramid, the Sole cross section according to the standard requirements for the Falling below a maximum permissible punching force when applying a predetermined maximum vertical Load as well as a predetermined maximum moment that the column brings into the foundation, is selected in each case. These known designs lead to a high steel and Concrete consumption and bring a high weight that a transport of the foundation to a construction site high Costs. Furthermore, this design requires that for each selected according to the given load bearing Foundation size a specifically designed reinforcement is to be made, so that these are practically only by specialists One-off production is to be produced.

The invention has for its object a new design of the foundation to reveal that much less Requires material under the same conditions of use and is much easier to manufacture.

The solution is that the quiver is on the side of one is surrounded by a slim shaft and a bottom Has base plate, which has a groove with the shaft  is connected, whose horizontal cross-sections depend on the height are dimensioned so that the maximum permissible in them Punching force under specified maximum load conditions approximately or completely achieved, but not is exceeded.

Advantageous embodiments are in the subclaims and Examples executed.

The foundation is expediently carried out with a shaft, whose wall thickness at the upper end of the minimum standardized Concrete thickness of 10 cm corresponds. Inside the Quiver wall is a reinforcement, the outside only with the prescribed minimum concrete cover of 3 cm is covered. On the inside, the reinforcement is only 1 to 1.5 cm concrete covered so that no corrosion occurs. The further coverage is done by backfilling the inside Quiver between the support and the inner wall of the quiver. The lateral support forces are advantageous from vertical oriented reinforcement clips added to the top End with a radius of about 7 cm in a bow shape are bent back. The clips extend at the bottom on the one hand along the quiver sole to one stirrups arranged differently in the shaft, and the two The ends of the clasp are each directed outwards into the Reinforcement of the floor slab integrated.

These vertical reinforcement brackets are horizontal surrounded by rectangular reinforcements. These are like that arranged that their concrete cover inside the quiver is rib-shaped. These reinforced concrete ribs improve the monolithic connection of the in general also horizontally ribbed beam with the foundation, and the side forces and oblique support forces will  thereby optimally transferred to the reinforcement.

If high lateral forces have to be absorbed there is one further reinforcement in the haunch area. This reinforcement points an oblique leg, and it runs with one end along the inside of the quiver wall and on the other hand in the reinforcement of the floor slab, this additionally stiffening, directed outwards. The oblique reinforcement bars of the haunch reinforcement overall by rectangular iron, the whole Continuous haunch area.

On the bottom side there is a bottom plate Reinforcement mat introduced. This equipment with steel in the shaft, haunch and floor area enables one optimal power transmission of bending moments of the support the ground. The design of the base area and the shaft height and the quiver depth depends on the respective Circumstances according to the vertical vertical load and the Cross loading due to bending moments. The dimensioning is made such that in the area of the punching cone no impermissible overvoltages occur. The haunches basically follow the punching cone in its Force course. An optimal design results if immediately the outer contour of the foundation on the Voltage curve is adjusted.

The shape of the haunch is particularly simple if its Design the stress curve as a truncated cone or Truncated pyramid is approximated, its transitions in the shaft or in the base plate with the surface of the Cut the pressure curve in the punching cone. Will be expedient the angle of inclination of the truncated pyramid or truncated cone 45 ° selected; however, there could also be an angle in the area  can be selected between 30 ° and 60 °.

The outer edge zone of the base plate can also be Design tapered to save material.

The configuration according to the invention produces the large one Advantage that given the dimensions of the base of the foundation, compared to the previously known foundations, one much greater load capacity is provided and on the other hand, considerable savings in material and weight are made.

For example, with a previously known foundation of 2.6 × 2.5 m expansion, a maximum torque absorption of 500 KN × m and a maximum vertical load of 1600 KN; the innovation allows the permitted vertical load increased to 1800 KN and the torque capacity increased Increased 610 KN × m. At the same time, the weight is on 4.77 t reduced to a comparatively 5.42 t weight of the previously known foundation.

The foundation load capacity is calculated in such a way that the load alone takes over the support and one additional backfilling of the foundation only later Performance of the structure of a building with soil needs to be done because its weight is not included in the calculation is involved. Ultimately, of course, there is backfilled soil has an even greater stability and snapshot ability.

The new construction results in a large number different load-bearing foundations a uniform one Basic construction of the shaft and the anvil; only that The base plate is different in its dimensions Directions and to vary in their strength. Hereby  results in an extraordinarily favorable one Manufacturing possibility by using only a basic formwork is required by barriers to each given load-bearing capacity requirements. Advantageously, the casting device with the Shaft shape down and the base plate up executed directed. The quiver is through an insert kept free which is laterally covered with plates that Wear strips that cause the ribs to form in the quiver. For the removal of a finished foundation Forming chamfers are provided on the shaft and on the quiver. At the Shaping the side panels pull from that Quiver core, and they will later quiver taken out. Unless a larger shaft height and Quiver depth for absorbing very high lateral forces is required, it is intended to pass through the quiver core to increase an essay accordingly.

The uniform design of the shaft enables Manufacture shaft reinforcements in series, and the rest Reinforcements of the haunch and the floor area are very easy to make from bars and mats as they are always have the same angles and simple geometric shapes.

The almost continuous adjustment to the different Payload requirements allow optimal utilization of the material. The foundations can be found on the Road trailers approved by a central truck Manufacturing facility within a wide radius to the spend each job site so that a commission-dependent series production as well as a Stock production of standard foundations rational is feasible. The foundations are particularly suitable for a production hall construction with spans and hall heights  of 30 or 15 m and for multi-aisle halls with Spans up to 25 m.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 30, the details of the invention are shown.

Figs. 1 to 5 show 5 different foundations of a type series in a perspective view;

FIGS. 6 and 7 show side views of two foundations which are designed for different ratios of load and moment load;

Fig. 8 shows the top view of a conical foundation;

FIGS. 9 and 10, the ground voltage conditions and the voltage waveforms are shown in a foundation;

Fig. 11 shows the truss structure with the foundation tensions for a foundation without haunch;

Fig. 12 shows the truss structure of the force distribution when an approach is made according to the pressure distribution area;

Fig. 13 shows a truss structure when an approach is made through a truncated pyramid;

Fig. 14 shows the transmission of forces from one shaft to the Köcherwandung by the filling concrete and the rib-shaped configuration;

Fig. 15 shows a section through a Köcherwandung;

Fig. 16 shows a vertical Armierungsbügel of the holder;

Fig. 17 shows a cross section through a first type of foundation;

FIG. 18 shows a horizontal cross section according to FIG. 17;

Fig. 19 shows a vertical section through a second type of foundation;

Fig. 20 shows a horizontal section to Fig. 19;

Fig. 21 to 25 show further vertical and horizontal sections through further type foundations of the same series;

Fig. 26 and 27 show a detail of a manufacturing apparatus in the area of the bottom plate and Anvoutung;

Fig. 28 and 29 show a plan view and a side view of the cover plates of the quiver core;

Fig. 30 shows an exploded view of a quiver core.

Fig. 1 shows a foundation (F 1 ) in perspective view, which has a shaft ( 12 ) in the upper area and a bottom plate ( 10 ) below, which extends on all sides beyond the shaft ( 12 ). A truncated pyramid-shaped groove ( 11 ) is formed between the base plate and the shaft. In the interior of the shaft there is a quiver ( 13 ) which is intended to receive a support which is connected monolithically to the foundation by a concrete filling. Both the shaft ( 12 ) and the base plate have a bevel, so that these parts are slightly tapered upwards.

Figs. 2 to 5 show more foundations (F 2 F 5), which have the same shaft and basically the same Voutung whose bottom plate I, however, are made different in the thickness and lateral extent corresponding to the other load cases. Thus, the foundation (F 2 ), Fig. 2, has a thinner base plate and a wider taper. The foundation (F 3 ), Fig. 3, has a thicker base plate ( 10 '), which is laterally provided with a bevel ( 15 ).

The foundation (F 4 ), Fig. 4, has on two sides a flat design of the base plate ( 10 ''), so that it is suitable in these directions for taking up high moment loads.

The foundation (F 5 ), Fig. 5, shows a horizontally extending bottom plate on all sides ( 10 '''), so that this foundation can absorb high moments in both directions.

Fig. 6 shows an example of a vertical section through the monolithic foundation model whose bottom plate extends laterally horizontally relative made thin. The dimensions of the base plate thickness (e 1 ) are, for example, between 14 and 20 cm and the dimensions (e 2 , e 3 ) of the haunch are, for example, between 36 and 65 cm.

Fig. 7 shows a monolithic foundation cross section with a relatively thick, horizontally extending base plate, the thickness (e ' 1 ) is between 20 and 25 cm and the haunch dimensions (e' 2 , e ' 3 ) are advantageously between 15 and 30 cm .

Fig. 8 shows a plan of a foundation whose haunch ( 11 A) is conical and whose shaft ( 12 A) is equipped with the reinforcement shown in dashed lines, namely with stirrups (S 10 ) and a helical round reinforcement (S 20 ). The stirrup ends extend horizontally bent under the quiver ( 13 A) and under the base plate ( 10 A).

Fig. 9 shows the stamping ring (K 1), extending from the normal force N, starting laterally under 45 ° in the Voutung up in the bottom plate for the monolithic foundation model. The normal force is absorbed by the prepared foundation floor cover (FA). This cover consists of a thin layer of sand, which does not cause any side forces. The stress distribution results from the dimensions of the foundation base ( 14 ). The punching force is reduced to 62% of the normal force (N) by diverging the compressive stress in the foundation within the groove ( 11 ) in accordance with the effective area that results from the bottom. Without the haul there would be a much smaller punch cone (K 2 ), which leads to a punching force of 83% of the normal force.

FIG. 10 shows half of a monolithic foundation model, in which the course of a pressure distribution area (MG) is shown in dash-dot lines. It runs through the transition lines of the shaft ( 12 ) into the groove ( 11 ) and through its connection point to the base plate ( 10 ) and extends further into the end region. The ground tension with the lever arms 5 / 8a gives the effective moment, which on the other hand is absorbed by the lever arm (d 2 ) in the section line (P 2 ), and furthermore the moment is determined in the section line (P 1 ) over the effective one Lever arm (d 1 ) is taken up from the floor tension and the lateral extension a of the base plate. Taking into account a foundation plate bend, there is a favorable ratio of the two effective lever arms (d 1 , d 2 ) to 2.5 if the base plate ratios are 5 / 8a to a, as shown in the drawing. Ratios of the effective lever arms d 1 to d 2 from 1 to 3 to 1 to 2 also lead to useful constructions.

Figs. 11 to 13, the truss models without showing Anvoutung or with the torque curve corresponding concave Anvoutung or an approximated the forces the truncated pyramidal Voutung. The resulting force (D) resulting from the vertical force (Zv) and the horizontal force (Ho) acts on a foundation surface with the side dimensions c, 1.33 c or 1.4 c, depending on the design of the haunch. Accordingly, a haunch results in a significantly increased stability with a side load.

Fig. 14 shows a cross section as a detail, the quiver ( 13 ) is equipped with a support (St) and around this a filling concrete (FB) is introduced. The quiver wall is provided with ribs ( 121 ), to which the support (ST) also has ribs (R) all around. The vertical and inclined compressive stresses (D) are shown, and the double arrows in the filled concrete show the pressure curve between the inner and outer ribs ( 121 , R). The bottom ( 100 ) of the quiver ( 13 ) lies at the same height at which the bottom plate ( 10 ) extends laterally beyond the haunch ( 11 ). It has been shown that the quiver depth (KT) is expediently 1.2 to 2 times the shaft width (QS).

Fig. 15 shows a cross section through a shaft whose width (W) as the minimum standardized concrete thickness of 10 cm corresponds obenendig. In the wall, a reinforcement clip extends through a vertical reinforcement bracket (S 1 ) whose outward leg (S 1 B) is provided with a minimum standardized concrete cover (B 1 ) of approx. 3 cm and whose inner leg (S 1 A) on the quiver side is provided with such a small concrete cover of 1-1.5 cm, which just prevents a corrosion during an intermediate storage of the foundation. Rectangular reinforcements (S 2 ) are arranged horizontally all around the consecutive reinforcement brackets (S 1 ), the inner rods of which are arranged within a rib ( 121 ) which extends horizontally in the wall of the quiver. These rods also have a reduced concrete cover (B 2 ) of 1 to 1.5 cm. The outer and inner walls are provided with a bevel, to which the bow legs (S 1 A, S 1 B) are inclined in their course. 10 mm has proven to be favorable as reinforcing bar thicknesses (ds 1 , ds 2 ). The bending radius (dB) of the bracket (S 1 ) is about 5 cm.

Fig. 16 shows the entire reinforcement clip, which consists of two reinforcement brackets (S 1 ), which are arranged on both sides of the quiver. The inner stirrup legs (S 1 A) are angled outwards at the bottom and run horizontally in the foothills (S 1 D, S 1 E). The two outer stirrup legs (S 1 B) are angled horizontally inwards on the bottom side and join the two stirrups (S 1 ) together as a reinforcement connection (S 1 C).

Fig. 17, Fig. 18; Fig. 19, Fig. 20; Fig. 21, Fig. 22; Fig. 23, Fig. 24 and Fig. 25 show Armierungspläne the various embodiments of the type foundations respectively belonging together in a side view and a plan view. The simple foundation Fig. 17 has only a mat ( 101 ') in the floor area, the stirrups (S 1 ) and the horizontally rotating rods (S 2 ) as reinforcement.

As shown in FIG. 24, the horizontal bars (S 21 , S 22 ) of adjoining shaft walls each comprise the brackets (S 11 , S 12 ) located in the corner area, so that the entire shaft reinforcement has a circumferential hold.

A further reinforcement is shown on the side elevation in FIG. 23, which is designed as a haunch reinforcement (S 3 ) and runs with inclined bars (S 3 A) below the haunch surface. From there, their ends extend on the one hand down along the inner wall of the quiver and on the other hand down in the base plate to the reinforcement mat ( 101 ) and from there to the opposite haunch side and there again upwards as an oblique rod (S 3 A), which then continues again ends downward on the inner wall of the quiver. In contrast to the low haunch in Fig. 21, which also has such an inclined reinforcement, in the higher haunch in Fig. 23 a circumferential reinforcement by horizontal reinforcement frames (S 4 ) is provided at different heights on the inclined bars (S 3 A).

Fig. 26 shows a section of the manufacturing apparatus of the foundations. This consists of a formwork ( 2 ), the shaft molding of which is at the bottom, followed by the cove molding on which the base molding is placed. The concreting takes place from the bottom plate side. The bottom plate shape is provided with a bevel at the end. As can be seen in FIG. 27, this can be shifted laterally in the base plate area by inserting a barrier wall (SW, SW 1 ) at different distances (A 1 , A 2 ) from the mold edge (FR) as required.

On the bottom ( 20 ) of the formwork, an insert ( 30 ), Fig. 30, is inserted, which fits the quiver recess. This insert consists of a base ( 3 A) and an attachment ( 3 B) that can be pinned on it, which is intended for particularly deep quivers. Cover plates ( 4 ) are placed laterally on the outer surfaces of the quiver insert ( 30 ) and carry ribbed strips ( 41 ), which ensure the formation of the quiver ribs. The cover plates ( 4 ) can be removed from the quiver formwork ( 30 ) provided with a draft, and after the foundation has been lifted out of the mold they are detached from the inside of the quiver and pulled out. In this way, a wide variety of foundations can be produced with the same shape, which only requires a small amount of setup work.

FIGS. 28 and 29 show the attachment plates (4) with the ribs (41) in different views. The rib strips ( 41 ) have draft angles, so that the plates ( 4 ) can be easily removed from a finished foundation.

Claims (17)

1. Foundation made of reinforced concrete (F 1- F 5 ) with a quiver ( 13 ) for a monolithic concreting of a column (ST); the foundation has an upper horizontal foundation cross-section, which is smaller than a foundation-sole cross-section, characterized in that the quiver ( 13 ) is laterally surrounded by a slim shaft ( 12 ) and has a base plate ( 10 ) on the bottom, which has a Approach ( 11 ) is connected to the shaft ( 12 ), the horizontal cross sections of which are dimensioned in a height-dependent manner in such a way that the maximum permissible punching force is approximately or completely reached under predetermined maximum load conditions, but is not exceeded. 2. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the shank ( 12 ) has a minimal standardized vertical concrete cross-section (W) at the top and a minimal standardized external concrete cover (B 1 ) of the steel reinforcement (S 1 , S 2 ) and has to the outside Quiver ( 13 ) has an inner concrete cover (B 2 ) of the steel reinforcement (S 1 , S 2 ), which is less than the outer concrete cover (B 1 ). 3. Foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that the quiver wall ( 120 ) has horizontal profile ribs ( 121 ) for the monolithic connection to the support (ST) and a horizontal reinforcing bar (S 2 ) is arranged in the profile ribs ( 121 ). 4. Foundation according to claim 3, characterized in that the shank ( 12 ) is reinforced by the reinforcement bracket (S 1 ) on the quiver side and on the outside under the concrete coverings (B 1 , B 2 ), the reinforcing bar (S 1 ) having an inner bar (S 1 A, S 1 B) each extend horizontally outwards in the base plate ( 10 ) and their outward-lying stirrup rods (S 1 B) are connected to each other at an angle, angled under the quiver bottom ( 100 ). 5. Foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that the shaft ( 12 ) on the outside and / or on the quiver side tapers upwards has a shaping slope which the bracket rods (S 1 A, S 1 B) are inclined. 6. Foundation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bottom side stirrups (S 1 C, S 1 D, S 1 E) extend on a base plate reinforcement mat ( 101 ) and together form a base plate reinforcement with this. 7. Foundation according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the horizontal reinforcing bars (S 2 ) in their extensions each outwardly extending the reinforcement bracket (S 1 ) enclosing a foundation side, closed rectangular shape, with possibly corner-side reinforcement bracket ( S 11 , S 12 ) are enclosed by two of the horizontal reinforcements (S 21 , S 22 ). 8. Foundation according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that in the base plate reinforcement under the quiver ( 13 ) and under the respective opposite approaches ( 11 ) extending and located on the outside in this and with their ends bent down on the quiver armor (S 3 ) are used. 9. A foundation as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that all Schrägarmierungen (S 3) are enclosed (4 S) on their inclined bars (S 3 A) of at least one horizontal, the entire Anvoutung (11) passing through Armierrahmen. 10. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quiver depth (KT) the 1,2- is up to 2 times the transverse column dimension (QS). 11. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove ( 11 ) is designed according to a torque interface (MG). 12. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove ( 11 ) is formed by a truncated pyramid or truncated cone (F) which is in its shaft and base plate ends (P 1 , P 2 ) with a torque interface (MG) covers. 13. Foundation according to claim 12, characterized in that the attachment ( 11 ) has an inclination of 45 °. 14. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate ( 10 ) is tapered at the edge upwards. 15. A device for producing a foundation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it consists of a formwork ( 2 ) whose inner dimensions in the lower region correspond to the outer foundation shaft dimensions with an upwardly widening draft angle, and itself extends a cove molding section, and over this extends a base plate molding section and from the formwork floor ( 20 ) a quiver mold insert ( 30 ) tapers upwards with a draft angle, which laterally mounting plates ( 4 ), which support profile strips ( 41 ) corresponding to the profile ribs, in the demoulding direction of the quiver insert ( 30 ) so that it can be removed. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the quiver insert ( 30 ) consists of several stacked sections ( 3 A, 3 B) which are releasably pinned together. 17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that in its bottom plate molding section side formwork walls (SW) at different distances (A 1 , A 2 ) from the mold edge (FR) can be used.