DE3942998A1 - Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraet - Google Patents
Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraetInfo
- Publication number
- DE3942998A1 DE3942998A1 DE19893942998 DE3942998A DE3942998A1 DE 3942998 A1 DE3942998 A1 DE 3942998A1 DE 19893942998 DE19893942998 DE 19893942998 DE 3942998 A DE3942998 A DE 3942998A DE 3942998 A1 DE3942998 A1 DE 3942998A1
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- voltage
- frequency device
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00892—Voltage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenz
gerät, insbesondere für Kontakt-Koagulation, mit einem
HF-(Hochfrequenz-)Generator, an dessen HF-Leistungsausgang
über einen HF-Koppeltransformator Elektroden eines entspre
chenden chirurgischen Instruments anschließbar sind, und mit
einer Überwachungsschaltung, welche die an den Elektroden
des chirurgischen Instruments anliegende HF-Spannung erfaßt
und auswertet, um ein Abschaltsignal für den HF-Generator zu
liefern.
Bei der Kontaktkoagulation mit HF-Strom, bei der biologische
Gewebe durch Wärmeentwicklung in ihrem Inneren koaguliert
werden, ist im Normalfall die vom elektrochirurgischen Hoch
frequenzgerät gelieferte HF-Leistung groß genug, um die Gewe
bezellen in unmittelbarer Umgebung der das Gewebe berühren
den Elektrode so zu erhitzen, daß die Zellen zerplatzen. Da
durch geht die direkte Berührung zwischen der Elektrode bzw.
- bei einer bipolaren Pinzette - zwischen den Elektroden und
dem Gewebe verloren. Dies bedeutet, daß die Elektrode einen
Schneideffekt zeigt, oder bei einer entsprechenden Kugelelek
trode, daß eine Karbonisierung beginnt.
Da es bei der Durchführung von Kontaktkoagulationen nicht er
wünscht oder sogar schädlich ist, wenn es an der Elektrode
zu einem Schneideffekt oder zu einer Karbonisierung des Gewe
bes kommt, ist es erforderlich, daß der Operateur den Koagu
lationsvorgang zum richtigen Zeitpunkt, also bevor ein
Schneideffekt oder eine Karbonisierung auftritt, beendet, um
ein sauberes Koagulationsergebnis zu erhalten.
Da ein einzelner Koagulationsvorgang jedoch nur wenige Sekun
den in Anspruch nimmt, ist es oft sehr schwierig, den Zeit
punkt zu erkennen, zu dem das gewünschte Koagulationsergeb
nis erzielt ist und dann den vom HF-Gerät gelieferten Strom
abzustellen.
Um nun den Operateur bei chirurgischen Eingriffen zu unter
stützen, wurden bereits HF-Geräte entwickelt, bei denen nach
einer vollendeten Kontakt-Koagulation die Leistungszuführung
automatisch abgeschaltet wird.
Bei einer bekannten Anordnung zur Durchführung von Hoch
frequenzkoagulationen (DE-OS 31 20 102) wird die Impedanz
bzw. der elektrische Widerstand des zu koagulierenden Gewe
bes bzw. die Impedanz zwischen den Elektroden des chirurgi
schen Instruments erfaßt, um daraus auf das erzielte Koagula
tionsergebnis zu schließen und den Koagulationsvorgang recht
zeitig zu beenden.
Bei einem bekannten HF-Gerät der eingangs genannten Art
(EP 02 53 012 A1) wird die HF-Spannung zwischen den Elektro
den eines chirurgischen Instrumentes abgegriffen und einer
Überwachungsschaltung zugeführt, in der die HF-Spannung
gleichgerichtet und so invertiert wird, daß ein ansteigender
Spannungspegel in einen abfallenden Spannungspegel und ein
abfallender Spannungspegel in einen ansteigenden Spannungspe
gel umgesetzt wird.
Die so erzeugte Spannung wird einem ersten Detektor, dessen
Ausgangssignal dem Amplitudenverlauf der HF-Elektrodenspan
nung möglichst genau folgt, und einem zweiten Detektor zuge
führt, dessen Ausgangswert dem Spitzenwert der Amplitude der
HF-Elektrodenspannung seit Einschalten des Koagulationsvor
gangs entspricht. Die Ausgangssignale der beiden Detektoren
werden von einem Komparator verglichen, um ein Abschaltsig
nal zu erzeugen, sobald die Amplitude der HF-Spannung um
einen vorbestimmten Bruchteil unter den erreichten Spitzen
wert der HF-Spannung absinkt.
Eine derartige automatische Abschalt- und Überwachungsvor
richtung ist jedoch schaltungstechnisch relativ aufwendig.
Ferner wurde bei elektrochirurgischen Hochfrequenzgeräten
auch bereits versucht, ein automatisches Abschalten dadurch
zu realisieren, daß der Amplitudenverlauf des HF-Stromes
überwacht wurde, um aus der zeitlichen Änderung der Amplitu
de des HF-Stromes ein Abschaltkriterium herzuleiten. Während
eines Koagulationsvorganges schwankt jedoch die Amplitude
des HF-Stroms mehr oder weniger stark um einen Mittelwert,
so daß die zeitliche Änderung der Amplitude des HF-Stromes
dA/dt kein eindeutiges Abschaltkriterium für den Koagula
tionsvorgang liefert.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein elektro
chirurgisches Hochfrequenzgerät der eingangs genannten Art
zu schaffen, das bei schaltungstechnisch einfachem Aufbau
eine zuverlässige und sichere automatische Abschaltung der
Leistungszuführung nach einer vollendeten Kontakt-Koagula
tion zu ermöglichen, um so in jedem Fall ein optimales Koagu
lationsergebnis zu gewährleisten.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die
Überwachungsschaltung eine Differenzierschaltung umfaßt, an
der eine dem Amplitudenverlauf der HF-Elektrodenspannung pro
portionale Gleichspannung anliegt und deren Ausgangssignal
einer Abschaltvorrichtung zugeführt ist, die den HF-Genera
tor abschaltet.
Erfindungsgemäß wird also die zwischen den Elektroden eines
elektrochirurgischen Instruments anliegende HF-Elektroden
spannung auf ihren zeitlichen Verlauf mittels einer einfa
chen Differenzierschaltung überwacht, die ein die Beendigung
des Koagulationsvorgangs bewirkendes Ausgangssignal liefert,
sobald der Koagulationsvorgang beendet ist.
Bei einer Kontaktkoagulation besteht im Moment der Berührung
von Elektrode und Gewebe in der Regel ein Ohm′scher Kontakt.
Das Gewebe, das zwischen einer Aktiv- und einer Neutralelek
trode bzw. zwischen den Elektroden einer bipolaren Pinzette
liegt, bildet also eine nahezu reelle Last. Sobald bei Been
digung des Koagulationsvorgangs der Ohm′sche Kontakt zwi
schen Gewebe und Elektrode bzw. Elektroden in eine
Nicht-Ohm′sche Verbindung übergeht, steigt also die HF-Elek
trodenspannung sehr schnell an. Dieser schnelle Anstieg der
HF-Elektrodenspannung ist überraschenderweise sehr genau re
produzierbar und bildet somit ein sehr gutes Abschaltkrite
rium, mit dem ein automatisch abschaltbares Hochfrequenzge
rät geschaffen werden kann.
Um ein vorzeitiges Abschalten des Koagulationsvorgangs, bzw.
der Leistungszufuhr zu den Elektroden in Folge von Störungen
oder geringen Schwankungen der HF-Elektrodenspannung zu ver
hindern, ist bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel der
Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Differenzierschaltung so ausge
bildet ist, daß nur sehr hohe zeitliche Spannungsänderungen
dU/dt übertragen werden, wobei die Differenzierschaltung un
mittelbar nach einem in der Überwachungsschaltung vorgesehe
nen Siebglied eingegliedert ist.
Um das aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der HF-Elektrodenspannung
ermittelte Abschaltsignal auf vorteilhafte Weise als Schalt
signal verwenden zu können, sind die Ausführungsformen nach
Anspruch 4 bis 6 vorgesehen.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vor
gesehen, daß das Ausgangssignal der Überwachungsschaltung
über eine von einer Einschaltvorrichtung für den HF-Genera
tor angesteuerten Torschaltung an die Abschaltvorrichtung an
gelegt ist, die vorteilhafterweise als Flip-Flop mit nachge
schaltetem Monoflop ausgebildet ist, wobei als Torschaltung
ein Analogschalter vorgesehen ist.
Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, daß der beim Einschalten des
HF-Gerätes zu Beginn eines Koagulationsvorgangs auftretende
Spannungsanstieg nicht zu einem sofortigen Abschalten der
HF-Leistung führt.
Um auch während des Beginns eines Koagulationsvorgangs si
cherzustellen, daß übermäßig hohe und schnelle Spannungsände
rungen nicht zu einer Verletzung des Gewebes bzw. zu einer
Schädigung eines zu behandelnden Patienten führt, ist bei
einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß
der Ausgang der Differenzierschaltung zusätzlich mit einer
vorteilhafterweise aus einem Mikrorechner bestehenden Sicher
heitsschaltung verbunden ist, deren Ausgangssignal an die Ab
schaltvorrichtung angelegt ist.
Durch die bevorzugt als Mikrorechner ausgebildete Sicher
heitsschaltung wird es ermöglicht, daß beim Auftreten schnel
ler und hoher Spannungsänderungen, die sich durch einen
hohen Spannungswert am Ausgang der Differenzierschaltung be
merkbar machen, in kurzen Zeitabständen z. B. viermal hinter
einander das Ausgangssignal der Differenzierschaltung abzu
greifen, um sicher zu erkennen, daß ein das Ende des Koagula
tionsvorgangs anzeigender Spannungsanstieg vorliegt.
Dabei ist es zweckmäßigerweise vorgesehen, daß an die Sicher
heitsschaltung das Analogschalter-Steuersignale der Ein
schaltvorrichtung angelegt ist. Dem die Sicherheitsschaltung
bildenden Mikrorechner können dabei einzelne Meßwerte zuge
führt werden, um zyklische Auswertungen durchzuführen.
Hierdurch läßt sich zu Beginn des Koagulationsvorganges er
reichen, daß nur solche schnellen Änderungen der HF-Elektro
denspannung zur Abschaltung der Leistungszufuhr führen, die
zu einer Schädigung des Gewebes oder Patienten führen könn
ten.
Um die zur Erzeugung des erfindungsgemäßen Abschaltsignals
erforderliche Differenzierschaltung vor zu hohen Spannungen
zu schützen, sind die Ausführungsformen nach Anspruch 11 und
12 vorgesehen. Um dabei trotzdem ein Abschalten der Lei
stungszufuhr zu ermöglichen, dient die Ausführungsform nach
Anspruch 13.
Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Sicherheit der Patienten
dienen die Ausführungsformen nach den Ansprüchen 14 bis 16.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden beispielsweise anhand der
Zeichnung näher beschrieben; in dieser zeigt:
Fig. 1 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines elektro
chirurgischen Hochfrequenzgerätes und
Fig. 2 ein Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramm der HF-Elektro
denspannung.
Nach Fig. 1 weist das elektrochirurgische Hochfrequenzgerät
einen HF-Generator 10 auf, der in nicht näher dargestellter,
üblicher Weise mit einem elektrischen Netz verbindbar ist.
An Ausgangsklemmen 33, 34 des HF-Generators 10 ist ein
HF-Koppeltransformator 11 mit seiner Primärwicklung 11′ ange
schlossen, dessen Sekundärwicklung 11′′ über Antifaradisa
tionskondensatoren 12, 13 mit Ausgangsanschlüssen 14, 15 ver
bunden sind, an denen ein entsprechendes elektrochirurgi
sches Instrument anschließbar ist.
Wie in Fig. 1 mit ausgezogenen Linien dargestellt, ist an
den einen Ausgangsanschluß 15 eine Neutralelektrode 16 ange
schlossen, die mit einem biologischen Gewebe 35 oder dem
Körper eines Patienten in großflächigem Kontakt steht, wäh
rend an den anderen Ausgangsanschluß 14 eine Aktivelektrode
17 eines entsprechenden chirurgischen Instruments angeschlos
sen ist, die zur Durchführung einer Kontaktkoagulation mit
dem Gewebe 35 in Ohm′schen Kontakt bringbar ist. In gleicher
Weise kann, wie gestrichelt in der Zeichnung dargestellt,
ein Bipolarinstrument 46 mit seinen Elektroden 16′, 17′ an
die Ausgangsanschlüsse 14, 15 angeschlossen werden.
An die Ausgangsklemmen 36, 37 der Sekundärwicklung 11" des
HF-Kopplungstransformators 11 ist ein HF-Transformator 24
einer Überwachungsschaltung 20 mit seiner Primärwicklung 24′
angeschlossen, um die zwischen den Ausgangsanschlüssen 14,
15 bzw. den Elektroden 17, 17′, 16, 16′ liegende HF-Elektro
denspannung abzugreifen und der Überwachungsschaltung 20
ohne galvanischen Kontakt zuzuführen.
Die Sekundärwicklung 24′′ des HF-Transformators 24, der eine
Abwärtstransformation bewirkt, ist an eine Gleichrichter
schaltung 25 angelegt, die in üblicher Weise eine Dioden
brücke aus einzelnen Dioden 38 aufweist. Zwischen der positi
ven und der negativen Ausgangsklemme 29 bzw. 39 der Gleich
richterschaltung 25 ist ein Glättungselement oder Siebglied
vorgesehen, das vorzugsweise als Kondensator 40 ausgebildet
ist. Über den als Siebglied dienenden Kondensator 40 werden
dabei eventuell auftretende Störpegel kurzgeschlossen.
Während die negative Ausgangsklemme 39 der Gleichrichter
schaltung 25 an Masse gelegt ist, ist die positive Ausgangs
klemme 29 an den Eingang einer Spannungsbegrenzungsschaltung
26 angeschlossen. Die Spannungsbegrenzungsschaltung 26 weist
dabei als Eingangsstufe einen Begrenzungswiderstand 28 auf,
der mittels einer in Sperrichtung betriebenen Zenerdiode 27
mit Masse verbunden ist. Der zwischen dem Begrenzungswider
stand 28 und der Zenerdiode 27 liegende Ausgang 41 der Be
grenzungsschaltung 26 ist mit einem Eingang einer Differen
zierschaltung 21 verbunden, wobei der Ausgang der Begren
zungsschaltung 26 über einen Widerstand 42 an Masse anliegt,
um einen definierten Abschlußwiderstand zu gewährleisten.
Die Differenzierschaltung 21 ist mit ihrem Ausgang 30 mit
einem Eingang eines als Spannungsfolger geschalteten Verstär
ker 31 verbunden. Der Ausgang des Verstärkers 31 ist an
einen Eingang eines nicht invertierenden Verstärkers 32 ange
schlossen, dessen Ausgangssignal das Ausgangssignal der Über
wachungsschaltung 20 bildet.
Das Ausgangssignal der Überwachungsschaltung 20 wird über
einen als Torschaltung dienenden Analogschalter 22 an eine
Abschaltvorrichtung 23 angelegt, die in Abhängigkeit vom Aus
gangssignal der Überwachungsschaltung 20 ein Abschalten des
HF-Generators 10 bzw. der von ihm gelieferten HF-Leistung
zur Beendigung einer Kontaktkoagulation bewirkt. Die Ab
schaltvorrichtung 23 ist dabei als Flip-Flop mit nachgeschal
tetem Monoflop ausgebildet, so daß ein inneres Abschalt
signal für den HF-Generator 10 zur Verfügung steht.
Zur Inbetriebnahme und Steuerung des HF-Generators 10 ist
eine Einschaltvorrichtung 18 vorgesehen, die entweder hand-
oder fußbetätigt ist. Die Einschaltvorrichtung 18 ist mit
dem Analogschalter 22 verbunden, um beim Einschalten des
HF-Generators 10 ein Analogschalter-Steuersignal an diesen
anzulegen, so daß der Analogschalter 22 zu Beginn des Koagu
lationsvorgangs die Verbindung zwischen der Überwachungs
schaltung 20 und der Abschaltvorrichtung 23 unterbricht.
Gleichzeitig wird das Analogschalter-Steuersignal der Ein
schaltvorrichtung 18 an einen Eingang einer Sicherheitsschal
tung 19 angelegt, deren Ausgang mit der Abschaltvorrichtung
23 verbunden ist. Ein zweiter Eingang der Sicherheitsschal
tung 19 ist mit der positiven Ausgangsklemme 29 der Gleich
richterschaltung 25 verbunden, während der Ausgang 30 der
Differenzierschaltung 21 an einen dritten Eingang der Sicher
heitsschaltung 19 angeschlossen ist.
Im folgenden wird die Funktion des beschriebenen elektro
chirurgischen HF-Gerätes erläutert.
Zum Durchführen einer Kontaktkoagulation bringt der Opera
teur zunächst die Elektroden 16, 17 bzw. 16′, 17′ mit dem zu
koagulierenden Gewebe 35 in Berührung, so daß zwischen den
Elektroden 17, 17′, 16, 16′ und dem Gewebe 35 ein Ohm′scher
Kontakt und damit an den Ausgangsanschlüssen 14, 15 des
HF-Gerätes eine reelle Last anliegt.
Jetzt wird mittels der Einschaltvorrichtung 18 der HF-Genera
tor eingeschaltet, wodurch über den HF-Transformator 11 und
die Antifaradisationskondensatoren 12, 13 eine HF-Elektro
denspannung an die Elektroden 17, 17′, 16, 16′ angelegt
wird. Gleichzeitig gibt die Einschaltvorrichtung 18 ein
Analogschalter-Steuersignal an den Analogschalter 22 und die
Sicherheitsschaltung 19 ab. Der Analogschalter 22 unter
bricht infolge des an ihm anliegenden Steuersignals die Ver
bindung zwischen der Überwachungsschaltung 20 und der Ab
schaltvorrichtung 23.
Sobald die HF-Elektrodenspannung auf einen für die Durchfüh
rung der Koagulation erforderlichen Wert angestiegen ist,
wird der Analogschalter 22 geschlossen, so daß das Ausgangs
signal der Überwachungsschaltung 20 an der Abschaltvorrich
tung 23 anliegt.
Während des Koagulationsvorgangs wird die zwischen den Aus
gangsanschlüssen 14, 15 bzw. den Elektroden 16, 16′, 17, 17′
anliegende HF-Elektrodenspannung von dem HF-Transformator 24
der Überwachungsschaltung 20 proportional an die Gleichrich
terschaltung 25 übertragen, wobei gleichzeitig eine Abwärts
transformation stattfindet. Die an der Gleichrichterschal
tung 25 anliegende Spannung wird von der Diodenbrücke gleich
gerichtet und mittels des nachfolgenden Kondensators 40 ge
glättet, so daß am positiven Ausgang 29 der Gleichrichter
schaltung 25 eine Gleichspannung anliegt, die der HF-Lasts
pannung entspricht. Der zeitliche Verlauf dieser Spannung
während eines Koagulationsvorgangs ist dabei in Fig. 2 durch
die Kurve K dargestellt. Dabei zeigt der Kurvenabschnitt K1
den Spannungsverlauf, beim Koagulationsvorgang, wobei zwi
schen der oder den Elektroden ein Ohm′scher Kontakt vor
liegt. Sobald es am Ende des eigentlichen Koagulationsvor
gangs zu einem Schneideffekt oder zu einer Karbonisierung
des Gewebes im Bereich der Elektrode kommt, geht der
Ohm′sche Kontakt zwischen Elektrode und Gewebe in einen
Nicht-Ohm′schen Kontakt über, wodurch wie durch den Kurven
abschnitt K2 dargestellt, ein sehr schneller Spannungs
anstieg erfolgt.
Bleibt die HF-Spannung an den Elektroden 16, 17 die Spannung
weiter eingeschaltet, so kann sich z. B. zwischen der Elektro
de 17 und dem Gewebe 35 ein Lichtbogen ausbilden, der jedoch
gerade durch das beschriebene HF-Gerät verhindert wird, so
daß die zwischen den Elektroden 16, 17 anliegende Spannung
wieder einen nahezu konstanten Verlauf aufweist, wie in Fig.
2 durch den Kurvenabschnitt K3 dargestellt.
Die am Ausgang der Gleichrichterspannung 29 vorliegende
Gleichspannung wird nun von der nachfolgenden Begrenzungs
schaltung 26 begrenzt, und an die Differenzierschaltung 21,
die vorzugsweise als Hochpaß ausgebildet ist, angelegt. Die
Differenzierschaltung 21 ist dabei so bemessen, daß nur sehr
hohe zeitliche Änderungen der anliegenden Spannung, also nur
sehr hohe Differentialquotienten dU/dt, die einer Anstiegs
zeit von etwa 5 ms entsprechen, an die nachfolgende Verstär
kerschaltung 31, 32 übertragen werden. Auf diese Weise wer
den statistische Schwankungen der Spannung, wie sie durch
den Kurvenabschnitt K1 in Fig. 2 angedeutet sind, unter
drückt, so daß nur die Spannungsänderung im Übergangsbereich
(Kurvenabschnitt K2) zu einem Abschalten der HF-Leistung
führt.
Das den zeitlichen Differentialquotienten der HF-Elektrodens
pannung dU/dt entsprechende Ausgangssignal der Differenzier
schaltung 21 wird zunächst auf den als Impedanzwandler die
nenden Verstärker 31 geleitet, dessen Ausgang mit dem nicht
invertierenden Verstärker 32 verbunden ist, so daß das Aus
gangssignal der Überwachungsschaltung 20 über den geschlosse
nen Analogschalter 22 an die Abschaltvorrichtung 23 angelegt
ist.
Sobald ein dem Übergang vom Ohm′schen zum Nicht-Ohm′schen
Kontakt entsprechender Spannungsverlauf auftritt, wird die
ser von der Differenzierschaltung 21 erfaßt. Dabei erkennt
die Sicherheitsschaltung 19, ob an der Ausgangsklemme 29
eine Signaländerung gleichzeitig mit einer Signaländerung am
Ausgang 30 der Differenzierschaltung aufgetreten ist. Treten
diese Signaländerungen nahezu gleichzeitig auf, so gibt die
Sicherheitsschaltung 19 die Abschaltvorrichtung 23 frei. Da
mit kann das von der Differenzierschaltung bewirkte Ausgangs
signal der Überwachungsschaltung 20 über die Torschaltung 22
an die Abschaltvorrichtung 23 angelegt werden, die daraufhin
den HF-Generator 10 bzw. die HF-Leistung abschaltet. Hier
durch wird der Koagulationsvorgang in dem Moment beendet, so
bald die Koagulation optimal durchgeführt ist und beginnt,
in einen Schneid- oder Karbonisierungsvorgang überzugehen.
Eine Funkenbildung zwischen Elektrode und Gewebe oder einer
Karbonisierung des Gewebes wird auf diese Weise sicher ver
hindert.
Während des Betriebs des HF-Gerätes überwacht die Sicher
heitsschaltung 19 sowohl die am positiven Ausgang 29 der
Gleichrichterschaltung 25 als auch die am Ausgang 30 der
Differenzierschaltung 21 anliegende Spannung, um ggfs. die
HF-Leistung ebenfalls abzuschalten.
Die Steuerfunktionen der Einschaltvorrichtung 18, der Ab
schaltvorrichtung 23 sowie der Sicherheitsschaltung 19
können je nach Gerätetyp durch einen Mikrorechner mit ent
sprechender Software ausgeführt werden.
Claims (16)
1. Elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenzgerät, insbesondere für
Kontakt-Koagulation, mit einem HF-(Hochfrequenz-)Genera
tor, an dessen HF-Leistungsausgang über einen HF-Koppel
transformator Elektroden eines entsprechenden chirur
gischen Instruments anschließbar sind, und mit einer
Überwachungsschaltung, welche die an den Elektroden des
chirurgischen Instruments anliegende HF-Spannung erfaßt
und auswertet, um ein Abschaltsignal für den HF-Genera
tor zu liefern, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Überwachungsschaltung (20) eine Differenzier
schaltung (21) umfaßt, an der eine dem Amplitudenverlauf
der HF-Elektrodenspannung proportionale Gleichspannung
anliegt und deren Ausgangssignal einer Abschaltvorrich
tung (23) zugeführt ist, die den HF-Generator (10) ab
schaltet.
2. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Differenzierschal
tung (21) so ausgebildet ist, daß nur sehr hohe zeitli
che Spannungsänderungen dU/dt übertragen werden.
3. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Differenzierschal
tung (21) unmittelbar nach einem in der Überwachungs
schaltung (20) vorgesehenen Siebglied (40) eingegliedert
ist.
4. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß ein Ausgang (30) der
Differenzierschaltung (21) über eine Verstärkerschaltung
(31, 32) mit der Abschaltvorrichtung (23) verbunden ist.
5. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärkerschal
tung einen Impedanzwandler (31) aufweist, dem ein
nicht-invertierender Verstärker (32) nachgeschaltet ist.
6. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß als Impedanzwandler
in der Verstärkerschaltung ein als Spannungsfolger ge
schalteter Verstärker (31) vorgesehen ist.
7. Hochfrequenzgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, da
durch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausgangssig
nal der Überwachungsschaltung (20) über eine von einer
Einschaltvorrichtung (18) für den HF-Generator (10) ange
steuerten Torschaltung (22) an die Abschaltvorrichtung
(23) angelegt ist, die vorteilhafterweise als Flip-Flop
mit nachgeschaltetem Monoflop ausgebildet ist.
8. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß als Torschaltung ein
Analogschalter (22) vorgesehen ist.
9. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgang (30) der
Differenzierschaltung (21) zusätzlich mit einer vorteil
hafterweise aus einem Mikrorechner bestehenden Sicher
heitsschaltung (19) verbunden ist, deren Ausgangssignal
an die Abschaltvorrichtung (23) angelegt ist.
10. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 9, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß an die Sicherheits
schaltung (19) das Analogschalter-Steuersignal der Ein
schaltvorrichtung (18) angelegt ist.
11. Hochfrequenzgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü
che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von
einer Gleichrichterschaltung (25) erzeugte, dem Amplitu
denverlauf der HF-Elektrodenspannung proportionale
Gleichspannung über eine Spannungsbegrenzungsschaltung
(26) an die Differenzierschaltung (21) angelegt ist.
12. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 11, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannungsbegren
zungsschaltung (26) eine Zenerdiode (27) aufweist, die
über einen Begrenzungswiderstand (28) mit der positiven
Ausgangsklemme (29) der Gleichrichterschaltung (25) ver
bunden ist.
13. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Ausgangs
klemme (29) der Gleichrichterschaltung (25) mit der Si
cherheitsschaltung (19) verbunden ist.
14. Hochfrequenzgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü
che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Über
wachungsschaltung (20) als Eingangsstufe einen HF-Trans
formator (24) aufweist, dessen Primärwicklung (24′) pa
rallel zu Ausgangsanschlüssen (14, 15) für die Elektro
den (16, 17) von chirurgischen Instrumenten geschaltet
ist und dessen Sekundärwicklung (24′′) an die Gleichrich
terschaltung (25) angeschlossen ist.
15. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 14, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Primärwicklung
(24′) des HF-Transformators (24) über Antifaradisations
kondensatoren (12, 13) mit den Ausgangsanschlüssen (14,
15) verbunden ist.
16. Hochfrequenzgerät nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß der HF-Transformator
(24) eine Abwärtstransformation der übertragenen HF-Elek
trodenspannung bewirkt.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19893942998 DE3942998C2 (de) | 1989-12-27 | 1989-12-27 | Elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenzgerät |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19893942998 DE3942998C2 (de) | 1989-12-27 | 1989-12-27 | Elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenzgerät |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3942998A1 true DE3942998A1 (de) | 1991-07-04 |
DE3942998C2 DE3942998C2 (de) | 1998-11-26 |
Family
ID=6396457
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19893942998 Expired - Fee Related DE3942998C2 (de) | 1989-12-27 | 1989-12-27 | Elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenzgerät |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3942998C2 (de) |
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