DE386801C - Dismantling process - Google Patents

Description

The well-known advantages of longwall mining with a broad view with tracking of mountain displacement are offset by a number of disadvantages, which are for the most part remedied by the present invention.
The disadvantages include the following:
i. the need to procure mountains in sufficient quantities, with the associated costs and disadvantages;
ίο 2. the lack of opportunity within the mining area to increase the number of starting points and thereby increase the output;

3.Low protection against breaking of the hanging wall with its consequences: production failure, Loss of material, endangerment of workers, uneven fall of the overburden and thereby increased mountain damage;

4. Endangerment of the vibrating chutes from the explosive shots acting from the side;

5. unfavorable influence on the regular guidance of the local impact as a result of displacement etc. and when approaching seam parts dismantled with flushing offset.

The above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided or at least greatly reduced if the following procedure, explained by the accompanying sketch, is used: The mining field located between two levels of the basic section A and B is broken down from a braking hill C by double-track, sweeping mining sections E in strips of 60, 80, 100, 120 m floating height disassembled. From these mining stretches E, which move into the field with the mining, floating 2 m wide locations, indicated on the sketch 1 to 15, are set, which, with supporting pillars F 4 to 6 m wide, are placed as chambers 4 to 6 m wide be driven to the point of breakthrough with the upper mining section £. The drives of the chambers, which can be driven exactly after one hour, follow each other in parallel at intervals of 10 to 15 m. The chambers are connected to each other every 20 to 25 m by narrow cuts out of consideration for the weather conditions and the safety of the people. If two chambers are penetrable after the next higher mining section, the first support pillar F is moved from above in individual sections downwards. The conveyance can take place by means of slides, which are brought forward when the chamber is opened and dismantled when the leg is pushed. Organ stamps can be placed on the fixed joint. The weather enters through the last excavated chamber, passes through the cuts and the previous locations and exits through the last penetrable chamber into the next higher mining section E.

The course of dismantling can be seen from the drawing without further ado. Thereafter in the dismantling field I the places 10 to 15, in the

Digging field II occupies places 7 to 12, in dismantling field III places 3 to 9 at the same time be.

The mining method proposed takes all the advantages of longwall mining with wide Look to a greater extent for itself, but avoids its disadvantages.

There is no need for any offset, so all the disadvantages of the Offset.

The points of attack can be increased, and thus the performance can be increased. the Workforce in front of each point of attack promotes for itself; it drops the disadvantages of the common Thing and the common slide, people can strictly according to the performance get paid.

The pillars that were initially left are being worn down by the falling mountains, see above that about 40 to 50 percent: of the total amount of coal available without shooting can be won.

The sinking of the mountain body will not be carried out as in the case of longwall mining in earlier times at one edge, but rather by leaving the supporting pillars on a wide area. A demolition of the rock at the working face is therefore impossible. The subsidence of the mountains occurs only after the support pillars, which have been loosened as a result, have been won in the old one Man completely one. By correctly dimensioning the pillars that have been left standing for the time being with regard to its breadth, one is able to overcome that by the "sitting down" of the superimposed To influence the impact of the pressure wave caused by the mountains. Because you don't is dependent on the introduction of the offset and the underperformance due to increased occupancy, z. B. on three layers, can be balanced, the beneficial effect of quick removal ensured.

Disturbances in the mountains can drive through sehmal which greatly reduces the risk of breaks even in tiled areas.

Seam contraction can be avoided by digging trenches in the lying area without any significant effects Costs to be traversed.

Thereby, the effect of the explosives takes place parallel to the slide strands, damage to the same is largely avoided.

If the slide tour is relocated once, the double to three times the amount of coal mined as in longwall mining.

Leaving support pillars in place makes the worker feel safer; he is before the effects the falling mountains protected.

The individual chambers can be opened by the hour therefore do not attract the attention of the workforce Requirements like a hundred and more meters high butt.

If the displacement approaches a safety pillar, which for whatever reasons Flushing offset a! is to be built, one is able to do so without changing the dismantling plan bring in. The chambers are closed by shutters and flushed; the drainage of the rinsing water takes place through the blows to the neighboring chamber.

In the case of the combined longwall and pillar construction is the breadth of the struts given by the number of mountains falling into them; in the new process the width of the chambers depends on the recoverability of the coal, caused and promoted by the generated pressure wave.

In the case of the combined longwall and pillar construction, the strength becomes that which is left between the longwall Pillars adapted to the best funding opportunity and determined in advance while they are being built in the chamber is to be tested for each individual case, d. H. it will depend on the strength of the coal and thickness of the seam and the existing depth must be different.

In the known method, the crime of the Strebs is carried out by introducing vergo sentence, in the new procedure the crime of the chambers by yielding . Support pillars effectively prevented.

The struts in the known method represent and achieve part of the device almost at the same time the building limit (Heise-H e r b s t. Textbook of Mining Studies, 2nd ed., Volume I, p. 375). Only then does it begin the displacement of the pillars (Fig. 366, p. 375). In the present process, the Propulsion of the points of attack evenly distributed over the entire joint and extraction the supporting pillar ensures the steady, complete cutting of the seam. A systematic »unrolling of the mountains on a broad basis ", as can be seen from p. 380, Heise-Herbst, not brought about in the previously known methods and also not intended.

With the “room and pillar” system, the field to be mined is driven up by stretches, usually with parallel operation, and divided into squares or blocks; With the new \ ^r experienced, mining is carried out in the manner of longwall mining with a broad view in a broad front between two levels of the field.

The "pillars" usually become, except in the event that they are the shooters of the Surface must be left standing, as soon as the "rooms" that branch off either partially or entirely from a section, up to the full length are driven up while the supporting pillars at

Claims (6)

Patent claims: can be obtained with the new method at a certain degree of attrition. In the "room and pillar" method, the pillar is so thick that it can go down of the mountains is effectively avoided when driving up the »rooms«. This is particularly noticeable where the »pillars« stop to protect the surface of the day, analogous to the Upper Silesian chess board from the 1970s. From this it is evident that this procedure, too, involves a systematic lowering of the Gebirges has nothing to do with it and it is not intended to do so. Summary. The peculiarity of the new process> consists in the fact that it takes place under the elimination of; Disadvantages a number of advantages of known degradation processes combined. To The new method can also be used without an offset under the built-up surface in middle and greater depths of quarrying are drifting, making use of the rock pressure for gaining in when it is eliminated any cutting operation and reduction of the consumption of explosives. The order the chambers and the displacement of the supporting pillars must be carried out in such a way that on a wide area and broad front a pressure wave is triggered, which one does not tend to stand still can come until the seam has been completely extracted. The number of each uncut support pillars depends on the nature of the hanging wall, the strength the supporting pillar according to the strength of the coal, the thickness of the seam and the depth, in which bypasses the degradation. By pushing the points of attack together and pulling them apart it is possible to influence the impact of the pressure wave, d. H. to speed up or slow down the operation. i. Mining method of the longwall | construction with a wide view for Hereingewin- \ drying of coal, primarily in less) thick seams, characterized as follows j: Flözteile be made to larger areas by simultaneous occupation of a greater number of points of attack at small intervals in Verhieb. Support pillars are always left between two points of attack, which initially creates a number of chambers. The partition walls are dimensioned according to the nature of the overburden and the strength of the coal in such a way that the hanging rock layers are prevented from sinking during the excavation, while the later reclamation of the supporting pillars is facilitated by their partial crushing due to the increased rock pressure. In doing so, the hanging mountains, without being disturbed by tears in their context, gradually lay on the floor following the course of the blow ("unrolls"), whereby mountain damage is prevented even without the introduction of offset, while by occupying the numerous Points of attack allow a large concentration of the requirement. 2. Degradation method according to claim 1, characterized in that by pushing together or pulling apart, d. H. by increasing or decreasing the uniformity over the entire length of the joint distributed points of attack accelerated the pressure wave in terms of its progress or slowed down and thus the production is increased or decreased (in contrast to longwall mining with wide View). 3. Dismantling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction the support pillar then takes place so- . soon the attrition of these by the fall of the mountains sufficiently advanced is without regard to the chambers in the drive (in contrast to the combined longwall and pillar construction and "room and pillar" method). 4. degradation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the by the Pillar-formed chambers with a higher stretch to the breakthrough 10c be brought to serve the weather removal, the wood supply and the driving (in contrast to the "room and pillar" - System). 5. mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that mountain faults be driven through narrowly and thus the risk of breaking such places is avoided. 6. degradation method according to claim 1, characterized in that compressions in the seam can be overcome without significant costs by digging a narrow trench in the lying area. 1 sheet of drawings.