DE3502493A1 - Hand loom - Google Patents

Abstract

A hand loom (Figure 4) with frame-shaped heald shafts 2 and bar-shaped healds 40 in them possesses a comb slay 39 in an especially easy-moving parallel guide, and with a reed, the upper closing strip 4 of which can be removed. Toothed strips or the like are provided on the warp beam 1 and on the cloth-beam skirt 34, in order to suspend a continuous warp yarn between the two in a zigzag-shaped manner. Characteristically new are: 1) a low-slung design (easily accessible from above), all structural parts (2, 4, 43) located above the warp and transversely to it are removable, open eyes on the heald bars. If the cloth-beam skirt 34 is fastened at a suitable distance in front of the loom, all the warp yarns can be introduced successively from above. When tensioned, they can no longer leave their heald eyes. 2) An automatic mechanism actuated by a treadle determines the weaving pattern. It lifts one or more shafts via a perforated disc 15; the remaining shafts stay down. The perforated disc 15 is easily exchangeable: the weaving pattern can be changed during work on one piece. 3) Further features: holding of the finished fabric between clamping rollers; spreader hooks, electrically controlled by the comb slay 39, for each side edge of the fabric. <IMAGE>

Description

Hand loom

The invention relates to a hand loom according to the preamble of Claim 1. Such a loom is intended for use in the domestic sector be constructed in such a way that operational difficulties that require special attention Avoid as much as possible and shorten time-consuming preparatory work as much as possible so there is more time for the actually creative work of weaving. Certain restrictions in the length of the fabric made can be accepted.

Some improvements to the well-known looms in the desired Direction are known. For example, DE OS 32 44 268 shows the possibility of a to rotate the whole loom around its center of gravity and thereby the warp threads directly from the supply spool around the whole device. They run alternately over warp beam and warp beam and at the same time ground between the teeth of the web ram placed, the upper end strip can be removed for this purpose. So there is no with conventional looms time-consuming preparatory work of warping, strand stitching and leaf stitching, and the warp thread does not need to be cut into individual pieces to become. The length of the fabric made is here by the length of the loom determined, which is designed to be extendable up to a certain limit.

An open comb is also described in DE PS 28 14 483. the Warp threads are there - also directly from the supply - in a zigzag between the warp beam and Warenbaum pulled back and forth. Toothed strips are provided on both trees, around the teeth of which the individual warp thread lengths can be placed one after the other. The strands for this loom are designed as stiff rods, which are used in wear their rotte closed eyelets. Before starting work you will be in a Device stacked on top of one another so that these eyelets are all aligned one above the other lie. The entire warp thread is first fed through this pile of healds from below threaded through and then applied to the loom, taking for each warp thread length a strand of Stack taken from the top and inserted into its shaft will.

Here, too, there is no need for warping, strand pricking and leaf pricking.

In DE GM 83 00 493, pins with a spiral shape are used instead of litz wires Described hooks, which allow threading a long warp thread even then, when none of its ends are within reach. Are the remaining parts of that named there If the loom is built accordingly, there is no strand stitching or leaf stitching here either necessary.

In US PS 2,944,569 a loom is described whose 4 shafts are not controlled by 4 or more kicks using the appropriate lacing, but by only one step for upward movement and one for downward movement.

This is a simplification of the work. Those shafts that to be lifted at the same time during an upward movement are determined by an automatic switching mechanism, which is a square seated on a vertical shaft Disk "rotates further by 900 with each downward movement. In each of the 4 outer sides This disc (which has a certain thickness) has 4 holes in it which pens can be used. Each inserted pin causes the lifting of the shaft associated with its bore during that upward movement, during which has its bore facing the shaft. So you can have the same two Make different steps if you have the necessary for the respective pattern Insert pins into the 4 sides of the disc.

The sum of those known from the aforementioned publications now results Features not yet the optimum of an easy-to-use loom.

The disk register according to DE OS 32 44 268 allows an easy one Insertion of the warp threads, but has the major disadvantage that the raised and the lowered warp threads are very unevenly tensioned. Also a change of the weave pattern during work is not possible here.

The method according to DE PS 28 14 483 requires apart from the loom another special stacking device for the Stranded rods, through which the entire length of the warp thread must be pulled through. The subsequent installation of the stranded rods in the shafts is associated with certain difficulties, since the The rods shown in the PS with their end eyelets are threaded onto the transverse rods of the shafts which must be longer than the maximum weaving width.

The stranded rods according to DE GM 83 00 493 are not suitable for use in a larger loom as they are designed with their shape to be between the to pierce adjacent, not to be lifted warp threads. This is at larger Warp thread density (e.g. for double fabrics) can hardly be achieved without errors.

The loom according to US PS 2,944,569 is made possible by its automatic mechanism the formation of different weaving patterns with always the same two steps. The transition from one to another iuster is by inserting and removing pins but a bit complicated. In addition, the possible number of patterns is limited, because the report is limited to 4 shots.

The invention is therefore based on the object described Avoid disadvantages without giving up the advantages achieved with them. It should So construct a loom in which the individual warp threads are cut without being cut can be brought into their place one after the other - similar in a zigzag pattern as with a simple loom - e.g.

starting at the warp beam over shafts, reed, fabric tree, dear leaf, Shafts, ettbaum, etc. Each chain should thread in the shafts directly into his there in their place sitting braid can be threaded. With the loom should without a lot of thinking and without great effort to convert as many different ones as possible Pattern can be woven.

In order to create even more possibilities for variation, the transition from one weave pattern to another quickly even while working on one piece and be possible without any problems. The length of the piece to be produced should be several peter without having to allow a certain length of the loom itself require.

This task is performed with a hand loom of the type mentioned at the beginning solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. More beneficial Refinements of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

For example, an approximation of the versatility of a conventional ebstuhls achieved in that the stranded rods are not firmly attached in the shafts, but are laterally displaceable and that other identical rods are also used or superfluous ones can be removed.

The number of stranded rods can therefore depending on the requirements of the fabric to be produced can be changed.

The stop of the shots with the comb drawer can only then be precisely dosed be when the comb drawer runs so easily in its parallel leadership that besides the Friction of the weft thread in the warp practically no further frictional resistance appear. This can be achieved with ball bearings. It is also advantageous if the Comb tray by inclining its guide rails against the horizontal its natural Find the rest position close to the shafts, where the next shot is fairly ready.

An embodiment of the hand loom according to the invention is also given by the use of a tree apron, which is known per se, but which is included here a hook bar is provided, in the hook of which the warp threads are hung at the beginning will. These hooks can be closed after hanging the whole chain, so that when striking the shots and the loosening of the Warp thread tension can no longer unhook the warp thread. In addition, the hook bar makes a closed selvedge, as it is present on both sides of the fabric, too possible at the beginning of the tissue.

Another embodiment consists in replacing the tree with a wound one Fabric through a roller arrangement, which does not wind up the finished woven piece, but only clamped in place. For example, when weaving a row of the same place mats or "sets" the first finished piece soon after Beginning of the next already cut off and separated from the loom in Ahrun uni Size so that corrective changes are still made in the next few pieces possible are. One of these must then go through, just like the goods tree itself used to be a handwheel can be turned.

in particular improvement of the loom, especially for inexperienced weavers, consists in the use of the expander according to the present invention. He prevents with each shot the "3insprurg" of the fabric against the reed, by quasi specifies the correct weft thread length. Every inserted thread lies on top of the Side from which he is coming from, around the pin protruding upwards over the tissue around and is thus prevented from strengthening the warp threads closest to the edge pulling into the tissue. This spreader is now in the longitudinal direction of the tissue exactly where the last Shot must be. However, this is beneficial for looms with a friction brake on the warp beam and a toothless locking device on the tree side no further difficulties, because with them the movement of warp and fabric to the tree of goods in <linen Steps of one weft thread spacing each through the stop movement of the comb box happens. Spreaders of this type can also be attached so that they a piece points - for example for several successive shots - in the longitudinal direction can go with the tissue.

Finally, the loom according to the present invention can still in some other features can be designed so that errors in its construction and can be avoided in its operation with greater certainty than before. Example ice the loom is built so that it can be dismantled to save space during storage. For this are the places where individual parts are to be connected to each other during assembly, marked by the same numbers. After assembly, these numbers are no longer visible. Compliance with the order when inserting a few hundred warp threads is indicated by the same numbering on the warp beam, shafts, reed and arenum apron relieved. Since an existing edge shaft always goes up and down in the same rhythm like the shots back and forth, there can be a little horizontal on him Arrow can be attached rotatably. If this is the correct one before starting work Weft direction is set to the left or to the right, then it always points when the edge shaft is raised, the weft direction that is now required is made easier so finding your way after work breaks.

An embodiment of the invention is hereinafter referred to described in more detail on the drawings.

Figures 1 to 3 show different versions of open stranded eyelets, Figure 4 shows a general view of a hand loom according to the invention, Figure 5 shows the view an automatic weaving pattern, Figure 6 the type of fastening of the stranded rods in one Heald frame, Figure 7 a cross-section through the one attached to the tree apron locked hook bar, Figure 8 a temple according to the invention for the left Side edge of the fabric.

In the pictures 1 to 3 some versions of open ones are enlarged Strand eyelets shown, each at a transverse to the warp direction and at b in the warp direction seen. The principle is always that when threading the warp thread in one direction must be kept that very strongly from its later direction across the stranded rod deviates, and that he later - in the tensioned state on the loom - his heald eye can no longer leave.

Figure 1 shows the ideal eyelet shape for the function, the one Allows the adjacent warp threads to slide past easily. Unfortunately this is The ideal shape can only be realized with great effort in a production process. Much easier is a spiral eyelet shape according to Figure 2. The warp thread that is threaded into such an eyelet is to be, must in a circular motion first under the eyelet and then over the upper The end of the stranded rod can be led around, which is the case with a shaft that is open at the top is easily possible. In use, however, this eyelet has a certain disadvantage: The warp threads in the loom must not be exactly in a straight line from the warp beam to the reed and go through the goods tree, but have to go through with a slight bend to the side the shafts are guided so that they are only on the smooth side of the in front of and behind the stranded rods (in Fig. 9b: left side) and do not get caught by their eyelets. This disadvantage is when running after Fig. 3 avoided. Here is a particularly flat one around a straight bar Part made of plastic or sheet metal laid around in a U-shape and glued or soldered. The flat spread shape of this part is shown separately in Figure 3c. Your middle section between the parallel dash-dotted lines is after before punching to bend semicircular so that its inner diameter is the rod thickness is equivalent to. These parts of the oil are pressed by troughs, throws or another before bending Process well deburred so as not to damage the warp thread through a pointed thread.

Figure 4 shows a view of the whole loom. There are the shafts 2 equipped with stranded rods as shown in Figure 2.

Therefore, the warp beam 1 is designed to be axially displaceable to the aforementioned to create a lateral kink of the warp threads in the shafts when inserting and weaving. This can be seen from the protruding end of the axis of the warp beam. For winding up the warp, the warp beam is moved to the left so that the warp threads to the tree stand exactly vertically. The warp threads are pulled by a friction brake on the warp beam known design, the braking torque of which is adjustable. So can the chain transported by the stop movement in small steps during work will.

In Figure 4, two shafts 2 in the upright position can be seen. The upper long sides of the heald frames are titled knurled screws on each side 3 attached and thus easy to remove An upper end strip 43 of the common The guide frame for all shafts is already removed in the picture; she can be set with fitting bores on corresponding pins and is then through Sckmappfedern held.

The comb box 39 with the leaf can be seen in front of the shafts. Whose upper end strip 4 consists of a rear and not visible visible front part, both held together by several knurled screws and also attached to the side panels of your frame with the outermost screws are. Kammlade and ebblatt cannot be separated from one another here.

The loom side parts 5 are not visible on their insides the guide rails for the comb drawer 39.

The parallelism of this comb box in motion is maintained by a bracket from the side parts 6 and the verb in training tube 7, both bracket side parts 6 are fastened exactly parallel to each other on the tube. They wear little above of the tube 7 each have a hole, which means that they have pivot pins with the two ends of the Comb tray 39 are connected.

The lower ends of the bracket side parts 6 are hinged to two levers 8, which allow an approximately vertical movement of the hinge points. Behind the pivot points the lever 8 seated counterweights are the same as the weights of the bracket and comb drawer the end. So the comb drawer can easily be moved parallel and the space under the The main part of the loom remains free for the donor's knees.

The two superimposed ones can be clearly seen in Figure 4 Merchandise tree rollers 9 with their gear connection.

At the ends of the loom side parts 5 one recognizes again fitting pins and retaining springs. Here a strong cross bar is attached with them, which several in one axis, but separately sprung pressure rollers carries. These hit exactly in the space between the two tree rollers when the bar is attached 9, of which the upper one has a particularly rough surface, and hold the tissue tight. At the beginning of the fabric the tree apron still hangs 34, connected to the fabric via its hook strip. You can also see that clearly Handwheel for tensioning the warp threads by means of the rollers 9 and its locking lever 42, which prevents the warp thread from loosening. He can go up succeeded when the rollers 9 are to be freely movable.

At the very bottom of the loom, the step 11 is mounted in hinges 10. He is with his arm 12 over a tie rod 13 with a not visible balance beam connected, at the other end of which the weight 14 hangs. It is sized so that In addition to the step, it can also lift the automatic perforated disc and up to 4 shafts, which stand with their lower guide pins f of the perforated disk 15.

Figure 5 shows the automatic mechanism alone, seen from the handwheel of the warp beam 1 with its handle star. The foot 16 of the automatic is through one of its holes screwed to a connecting piece 17 (Fig. 4), which is hinged to the step 11 is. So the automatic is moved by the step 11 in the vertical direction; she is carried out on the rods 18, which are in a cross connection 19 of the guide frame for the stems are attached. In Figure 5, the automatic is for the sake of clarity shown drawn very far down; in reality their subscript lies so that the lower guide pins I to V of the shafts are just above the perforated disc 15 stand - over a radius of the perforated disk running in the direction of the chain. At the Raising the step by the weight 14 is therefore in the position shown The shafts I, II and V of the perforated disk are raised, while III and IV are in the lower position stay.

The indexing of the perforated disc is done by a sliding one and somewhat pivotable pawl 20 which is moved by pull cables. When lifting of step, automatic and shafts, the rope 21 moves the pawl by one switching step withdrawn. If the step is actuated with the foot, the other rope 22 is tightened. The perforated disk is still held in place by the shaft guide pins inserted in it it cannot be moved by the pawl, it will bond first the rubber or spring balancer 23 is stretched. This then effects when the perforated disc is released at the end of the downward movement of the whole, a switching step.

The pulleys for the pull ropes are here for the sake of clarity drawn exposed; in practice, their brackets are designed to be closed, so that none of the Ropes can jump out of its groove when loosened.

It can be seen that with this automatic an exchange of the perforated disc, i.e. changing the weaving pattern, quite easy from the back of the loom is possible. tTan unhooks the weight 14 so that the automatic is in the lower position goes, and can then insert another perforated disk after loosening the head screw 24, After tightening the knurled screw 24 and attaching the weight 14, the Work going on. You may still need a few empty kicks without a bullet so that the new tIuster matches the previous one.

Figure 6 shows the fastening of the stranded rods 40 in one of the shafts 2, left in the view and right in cross section through the shaft. Included the removable upper long side of the shaft is omitted in the view on the left, while it is drawn sitting on the shaft on the right in cross-section. The heald frame is composed of aluminum profiles of suitable shape and dimensions; fixed Connection points are not shown in the drawing because of the connection methods known as screws, och, veißen, gluing. The upper long side has a U-profile and thus includes the stronger blocks 25, which are the connecting threads for the fastening screws 3 included. The free space between the blocks 25, so the space in which Stranded rods are located, is filled by a bar 26 with a groove for the stranded rods. The lower long side of the heald frame is made up of 3 flat bars running exactly parallel formed, between which there are gaps of different sizes. The lower of This corresponds in its width to the thickness of the rod material; in him is the lower, right angled short end of each rod. The upper space is about three times as big. He takes a short, cylindrical guide piece from the stranded rod one end of which is slit. The stranded rod is in this slot attached (glued or soldered). Due to their obliquely bent shape, the stranded rods are held in their vertical direction, although they can be moved horizontally. A support rail 27 is left and right with one screw each 28 attached to the frame. If you loosen the drawn right screw 28, you can Remove litstbe or insert additional ones.

The narrow design of the eyelets allows a warp thread density with 4 shafts Achieve well from 80/10.

Figure 7 shows a cross section through the hook strip on the tree apron. The bar itself 29 has a rectangular cross-section. She owns on her bottom Transverse grooves 30 in which the individual hooks are attached. The opening 31 between The bar and hook and the inside width of the hook must both be slightly smaller than the diameter of an available rubber cord. Then such a rubber cord can 32 with a circular cross-section parallel to the bar 29, pulled through all the hooks, to close them up. To pull in the rubber cord 32 are at both ends flat rubber flags 33 glued on, for which the cord 32 is cut out accordingly is. The hook strip 29 is glued to the tree apron 34 - appropriately with Use a strip of fabric narrow width from both sides to get symmetrical pull to reach.

Fig. 8 finally shows in plan view and above in side view from "inside" - from the fabric side - one of the two temple braces according to the invention, namely the one for the left edge of the fabric. The right temple must be a mirror image to be built for it. In Figure 8, the warp threads 35 are stretched from right to left; on the left the breast tree 36 is indicated running from top to bottom. So that these Spreaders can be adjusted to match the respective fabric width it is clamped slidably on the chest tree. The clamping device required for this is not drawn. In the side view of the expander shown above, lies the central axis of the whole is exactly at the level of the fabric (upper edge of the chest tree).

The one mentioned in dependent claim 6 protruding above the fabric upwards Pin 41 is here the arcuate end of a hook that is around the center this circle can be pivoted. In the dashed line position i-; t he pulled away downwards, at the same time aoer oh after back so that nothing stands in the way of the striking ebblatt.

The movement of this pin or hook must match the movement of the Comb drawer 39 be coupled. When this coupling occurs through mechanical links, then this creates an additional resistance when moving the comb drawer, which means a handicap for firing shots with the correct strength. Therefore 5 earth here the eg is chosen via an electrical coupling. On the top Cross bar 43 of the guide frame for the shafts (the only dashed lines in Figure 4 is indicated) is expediently an electrical winding device for the contactor coils attached. Damiz is already connected to the network on the loom. Then there can also be the energy for the electrical coupling between the movement the comb tray 39 and that of the temple 41 removed. Such a coupling has the advantage of "amplifying effect": the energy required to move a microswitch through the comb chest is very small, but stands for the movement of the temple sufficient electrical energy is available. Therefore ground to drive the illustrated Spreading holder uses two solenoid coils 37 and 38, their movable iron cores be able to rotate the temple hook around its pivot point back and forth by pulling ropes. The upper coil 37 brings the hook into the drawn position, where his End protrudes upwards over the fabric; the lower 38 pulls it down return. The microswitch for controlling these coils is next to a guide rail attached for the comb tray 39, approximately in the middle between the rest position of the Comb box 39 in front of the shafts 2 and the stop position on the last weft thread. if the switch in the rest position the upper coil 37 and in the stop position the lower Coil 38 applies voltage, then the temple works properly in time with the Stop movement. Similar coils of the two temple left and right are connected in parallel or in series - suitable for the supply voltage.

The covering of a loom of the type described with warp threads works as follows: After unhooking the weight 14, the automatic mode is activated a perforated disc is used, with only one shaft in each position (except for the Edge shaft) is raised - e.g.

the one for Z-Schu3köper. In a larger room, the chair is included placed on the warp beam side against the wall and secured against shifting. The aren tree apron is attached in the direction of the warp opposite the loom at a suitable distance - the hook bar directed towards the loom - preferably lying flat in about the same position Height like the reed. After removing the upper long sides of all heald frames, of the guide frame and the reed, the warp thread can, as mentioned, zigzag back and forth between the toothed bar of the warp beam and the hooked bar of the fabric tree apron be inserted - each through the eyelet of a stranded rod of the just lifted Shank and a reed of the ebblattes. Thereby the automatic is for each warp thread length switched by one switching step via the step.

and in the end the whole chain is opened with a little pull, as usual wound the warp beam. As is also known, enough warp bars are required also wrapped in order to maintain the even tension of all warp threads.

Flat with the jamming of the tree apron between the tree rollers 9 and the spring-loaded pressure rollers on the cross bar mentioned on page 11 and after the correct setting of the warp beam brake can now be started with.

The amount of work involved in bringing the chain into the chair is with this process noticeably less than with the previously known processes.

- blank page -

Claims (7)

Claims: 1. Iland loom with a chain stretched approximately horizontally, rahner.-shaped shafts (2) and rod-shaped strands (40) in the same, in which a comb drawer (39) can be displaced parallel in the direction of the warp threads, a woven sheet is provided, the upper end strip (4) can be removed, so that a upwardly open comb remains on a warp beam (1) and a goods tree Toothed strips are provided, the length of which corresponds to the maximum weaving width and around the teeth of which the warp threads can be placed, characterized in that the Strands in the shafts (2) are represented by spring wire rods, which - about in their middle - each wearing an open loop, the loom is built so low, that shafts and warp threads are easily accessible from above, all in the loom construction parts running above the warp threads and transversely to them, e.g. upper long sides of the individual heald frames (2), any existing cross connections (43) in a common frame or stand, can be removed without the To adversely affect the cohesion of the parts normally associated with them Heald frames (2) are constructed and guided in such a way that they are weighted by their own weight during weaving go to the lower position, an automatic operated by a single step (11) (Fig 5) the weaving pattern is determined by using a perforated disc (15) one or more Lifts the shafts, while the others remain in the low position, the perforated disc (15) is arranged to change the weaving pattern easily replaceable. 2. Hand loom according to claim 1, characterized in that the heald rods (40) are attached in the lower longitudinal sides of the heald frame (2) so that they are perpendicular stand, but move slightly horizontally and use or if necessary have it removed. 3. Hand loom according to claim 1, characterized in that a parallel guide the comb box is provided with ball bearing rollers running on guide rails as well as a special bracket (6 + 7) that ensures parallelism when moving, and that the guide rails for the comb drawer are not exactly horizontal, but on the shafts are inclined slightly downwards. 4. Hand loom according to claim 1, characterized in that the when Warenbaum provided tooth bar is not attached directly to this, but is replaced by a tree apron (34) with an attached to the tree parallel hook bar (29), and that this hook bar (29) after hanging all Warp threads can be locked. 5. Hand loom according to claim 1 and 4, characterized in that the tree is replaced by an arrangement of spring pressure against each other pressed fabric tree rollers, between which the fabric tree apron at the beginning of weaving (34) and later the finished fabric is held, and that at least two of the tree rollers (9) are coupled to one another by a gear transmission. 6. Hand loom according to claim 1, characterized in that a temple (Fig. 8) is provided in the form of an approximately vertical pin (41) for each side edge of the Geebes, close to the two outermost warp threads left and right, in the longitudinal direction at the point of the last shot - which pins when the Comb box (39) protrude a little over the tissue upwards and which when striking the shot by coupling it to the movement of the comb drawer (39) be pulled away below. 7. Hand loom according to claim 1, characterized in that the whole The loom can be dismantled, with all screw points marked with numbers that facilitate the correct assembly of the individual parts and that after Assembly are no longer visible, and that for the warp threads on different Places such as warp beam, shafts, ebblatt and tree apron have identical number rows are attached, and that on an edge shaft provided for producing fixed selvedges a reminder in the form of a small, divisible arrow is attached, to indicate the correct direction of the weft after work is interrupted.