DE3432143C2 - Verfahren zur Einkapselung eines einzuhüllenden Materials und so hergestellte Kapseln - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Einkapselung eines einzuhüllenden Materials und so hergestellte KapselnInfo
- Publication number
- DE3432143C2 DE3432143C2 DE3432143A DE3432143A DE3432143C2 DE 3432143 C2 DE3432143 C2 DE 3432143C2 DE 3432143 A DE3432143 A DE 3432143A DE 3432143 A DE3432143 A DE 3432143A DE 3432143 C2 DE3432143 C2 DE 3432143C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- process according
- solution
- droplets
- polysaccharide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNCCCN PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940063675 spermine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003104 tissue culture media Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N D-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 7
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 5
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000031637 Erythroblastic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036566 Erythroleukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000021841 acute erythroid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(C=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002851 polycationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045136 urea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/08—Simple coacervation, i.e. addition of highly hydrophilic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/04—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52839583A | 1983-09-01 | 1983-09-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3432143A1 DE3432143A1 (de) | 1985-03-21 |
| DE3432143C2 true DE3432143C2 (de) | 1987-05-14 |
Family
ID=24105521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3432143A Expired DE3432143C2 (de) | 1983-09-01 | 1984-08-31 | Verfahren zur Einkapselung eines einzuhüllenden Materials und so hergestellte Kapseln |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6075326A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU563653B2 (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE900469A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1245984A (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH664472A5 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3432143C2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK419184A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2551455B1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2145992B (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL72787A (fr) |
| IT (1) | IT1196742B (fr) |
| NL (1) | NL8402671A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO843481L (fr) |
| SE (1) | SE8404343L (fr) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60175539A (ja) * | 1984-02-23 | 1985-09-09 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | カプセル体およびその製造法 |
| NO166836C (no) * | 1985-03-14 | 1991-09-11 | Univ California | Fremgangsmaate for behandling av et organtransplantat. |
| GB8705464D0 (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1987-04-15 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Composite material |
| JPS6434436A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1989-02-03 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | Gel cellular beads and manufacture thereof |
| CA1319632C (fr) * | 1988-04-22 | 1993-06-29 | Carol Louise Nolan | Methode d'immobilisation microbienne |
| US4952618A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1990-08-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Hydrocolloid/adhesive composition |
| DE3941873A1 (de) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | Jakob Dr Bodziony | Hohlfaser mit der beschichtung von zellen, die mehrjaehrige implantation in arterien und venen ermoeglichen |
| DE4012079C2 (de) * | 1990-04-14 | 1997-11-06 | Jakob Dr Bodziony | Implantierbare Austausch- und Diffusionskammer |
| US5487390A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1996-01-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Gas-filled polymeric microbubbles for ultrasound imaging |
| US5562099A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1996-10-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Polymeric microparticles containing agents for imaging |
| US5149543A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-09-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Ionically cross-linked polymeric microcapsules |
| FR2694894B1 (fr) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-11-10 | Coletica | Utilisation d'une réaction de transacylation entre un polysaccharide estérifié et une substance polyaminée ou polyhydroxylée pour la fabrication de microparticules, procédé et composition. |
| FR2703927B1 (fr) * | 1993-04-13 | 1995-07-13 | Coletica | Utilisation d'une réaction de transacylation entre un polysaccharide estérifié et une polyamine pour former en milieu aqueux une membrane au moins en surface de particules gélifiées. |
| DE4312970A1 (de) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-10-27 | Juergen Dr Schrezenmeir | Mikrokapsel sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE4426396A1 (de) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-02-01 | Ulrich Prof Dr Zimmermann | Verfahren zur Herstellung konzentrierter Lösungen von mikroverkapselten Zellen oder von suspendierten Wirkstoffen in mikroverkapselter Form |
| US5540927A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-07-30 | Monsanto Company | Microencapsulation process by coacervation |
| US7101575B2 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 2006-09-05 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Production of nanocapsules and microcapsules by layer-wise polyelectrolyte self-assembly |
| ATE524165T1 (de) * | 1998-03-19 | 2011-09-15 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von kapseln mit einer polyelektrolythülle |
| DE102004013637A1 (de) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-10-13 | Capsulution Nanoscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von CS-Partikeln und Mikrokapseln unter Verwendung poröser Template sowie CS-Partikel und Mikrokapseln |
| DE102005002483A1 (de) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-08-03 | Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik Bts Gmbh | Verfahren zum Einkapseln von Sensormolekülen mit einer semipermeablen Membran |
| FR2986165B1 (fr) | 2012-01-31 | 2015-07-24 | Capsum | Procede de preparation de capsules rigidifiees |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4352883A (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1982-10-05 | Damon Corporation | Encapsulation of biological material |
| NO158284C (no) * | 1981-03-13 | 1988-08-17 | Damon Biotech Inc | Fremgangsmaate for selektiv oppbrytning av en permeabel membran. |
-
1984
- 1984-08-28 IL IL72787A patent/IL72787A/xx unknown
- 1984-08-28 CA CA000461966A patent/CA1245984A/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-08-30 CH CH4158/84A patent/CH664472A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-08-30 BE BE0/213566A patent/BE900469A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-08-31 NO NO843481A patent/NO843481L/no unknown
- 1984-08-31 JP JP59180831A patent/JPS6075326A/ja active Pending
- 1984-08-31 GB GB08422052A patent/GB2145992B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-31 NL NL8402671A patent/NL8402671A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-31 DE DE3432143A patent/DE3432143C2/de not_active Expired
- 1984-08-31 SE SE8404343A patent/SE8404343L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-31 AU AU32634/84A patent/AU563653B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-08-31 FR FR8413514A patent/FR2551455B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-08-31 DK DK419184A patent/DK419184A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-09-03 IT IT67874/84A patent/IT1196742B/it active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1245984A (fr) | 1988-12-06 |
| DK419184D0 (da) | 1984-08-31 |
| DE3432143A1 (de) | 1985-03-21 |
| BE900469A (fr) | 1984-12-17 |
| NO843481L (no) | 1985-03-04 |
| GB8422052D0 (en) | 1984-10-03 |
| SE8404343L (sv) | 1985-03-02 |
| AU3263484A (en) | 1985-03-07 |
| FR2551455B1 (fr) | 1989-09-15 |
| IL72787A0 (en) | 1984-11-30 |
| IT8467874A1 (it) | 1986-03-03 |
| AU563653B2 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| IL72787A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
| SE8404343D0 (sv) | 1984-08-31 |
| NL8402671A (nl) | 1985-04-01 |
| GB2145992B (en) | 1987-02-18 |
| IT1196742B (it) | 1988-11-25 |
| FR2551455A1 (fr) | 1985-03-08 |
| JPS6075326A (ja) | 1985-04-27 |
| IT8467874A0 (it) | 1984-09-03 |
| GB2145992A (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| DK419184A (da) | 1985-03-02 |
| CH664472A5 (de) | 1988-03-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |