DE3401237A1 - INORGANIC, HARDENED COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to an inorganic hardened composition and a method of production this composition.

Such compositions or paperboards used as building materials mainly serve as Inorganic cement-based building materials that do not use asbestos.

Inorganic, hardened compositions using cement as a binder and asbestos as a reinforcing agent, are used in many ways. Asbestos is used because it has the reinforcing effect of the inorganic Composition significantly improved. Asbestos also allows it to be inorganic hardened Composition by using a scoop-sieve manufacturing process, such as the Hatchek system, which is suitable for mass production. In this process, the raw materials containing sludge are removed with the aid of a scooping machine, e.g. the Hatchek processing machine. The basic formation obtained through such a process is cured to obtain a cured inorganic composition. This manufacturing process becomes practical when the solids content of the asbestos Exceeds 5 percent by weight.

However, the use of asbestos can cause environmental pollution and its continued further use of asbestos creates serious public health problems.

Because of these environmental problems, studies have been carried out with the aim of identifying inorganic hardened

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to produce effective compositions without asbestos. An example of this is the inorganic hardened composition, contains fiber instead of asbestos. Such products are already on the Market has been offered.

However, the above-mentioned inorganic cured composition has defects and is not general Use as building material because it is flammable. To this inorganic hardened compound To produce by means of a ladle-sieve manufacturing process, the solids content of the raw pulp be equal to or greater than 6 percent by weight. If, however, such a high concentration of pulp is used, the inorganic hardened composition becomes flammable. It also has this inorganic cured composition suffers from the disadvantage that it is not strong enough, in particular then not when it absorbs water. Therefore, this composition is not used as a building material for facing suitable.

Studies are currently being carried out to replace asbestos with fibers (in addition to pulp), whereby numerous inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and wollastonite, as well as various organic ones Fibers such as vinyl, acrylic or polyethylene can be used. Such fibers, however, are all thicker than Asbestos and have a low affinity for cement.

Therefore, none of them has reached the stage where they themselves use fiber material as the only material will.

A process for the production of asbestos-free cement

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Sheets with cotton with a solids content of 2-25%, at which the grind (or Schopper grind) set to 20-80 ° SR is in Japanese Offenlegungsschrift No. 1981-114857. There However, cotton has long fibers, it is very difficult to dissolve them in the sludge or pulp. It can, however a reinforcing effect can be found if the cotton is satisfactorily dispersed.

If the Schopper freeness is increased by short cutting the cotton threads, the dissolvability is improved. However, the reinforcement effect by the cotton threads is then reduced considerably. Also cost Cotton fibers roughly twice as much as wood fibers.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method in which no asbestos is used for production inorganic, hardened compositions are used that are non-flammable, very strong and inexpensive as well as suitable for mass production.

This object is achieved according to the features of claims 1, 2 and 16.

After numerous studies, it was found that non-flammable and extremely strong hardened Compositions can be mass-produced using a method in which the pulp is split into partial fibers by grinding, without being shortened, in combination with untreated pulp, which is not fibrillated, but only processed by means of deaggregation. Based on the results of these investigations, the

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lying invention. A particular advantage of the invention is that the products according to the invention can be produced in a single process
inorganic, cured compositions are realized. In this process, pulp 177 µm in length is used and subjected to fibrillation while being kept below 10% by weight of the total pulp to achieve a Schopper freeness
of 70 SR or higher. The pulp pulp contained in the sludge in this way is set at a total of 1-5 percent by weight of the total solids content of the sludge or pulp.

If necessary, be a filler with a
more than three times the degree of swelling and amplifying

Fibers bound in addition to the pulp. Of the

Mud or pulp is then added to 4-15 percent by weight

4 with regard to the concentration and less than 5 cm / see with regard to the filtration coefficient.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a cellulose pulp is also used which has a fiber length of more than 590 Ii (28 mesh). This pulp will in a composition ratio of more than 60

% By weight compared to the total content of the pulp obtained. The resulting pulp is set to 40-95 SR Schopper freeness. This pulp is then combined with untreated pulp that has only been processed by deaggregation. This untreated pulp has less than 40 SR Schopper freeness. That
Ratio in the composition is 1-5 percent by weight for the pulp and 0.5-1 percent by weight for the untreated pulp compared to

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the total content of solid components. With a pulp pulp composed in this way, and by yourself with less than 6 percent by weight, the production or scooping can be carried out according to the Hatchek system. In this case, the untreated pulp improves the water drainage (filtration) during the process of sucking, rolling and pressing.

The degree of swelling or swelling mentioned above and the filtration coefficient are defined as follows:

Swell ad amount of absorbed water (measured) after 24h

Weight of the filler before the water is absorbed

Filtration coefficient: coefficient per unit of

Filtration area during filtration at constant pressure

K = 2 V (d Θ / dv)

3 V: Volume of the filtrate (cm) θ: Filtration time (duration) (see) A 60 wire mesh screen is used

The invention is described in more detail below.

Any type of water-based cement can be used in the method of the present invention without any particular limitation be used. For example, Portland cement or Portland blast furnace cement can be used. As wood pulp bleached or unbleached kraft pulp from coniferous or deciduous trees is preferred. Waste paper, such as sulphite paper or kraft packaging paper, can, if used in large quantities, be due to

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the impurities they contain cause unsatisfactory precipitation of the cement. However, since If the fiber length is generally short and the Schopper freeness is relatively large, these types of paper are used often used, but only in small quantities and together with asbestos.

Such waste paper can also be used in the present invention as long as more than 60 percent by weight of the total proportion of the wood pulp containing this waste paper has a fiber length of 590 μ or longer, as already mentioned above, and if its Schopper freeness is within 4O-9 5 ° SR.

To achieve a freeness of 40 SR, two processes are available: pulp cutting and splitting into small fibrils (fibrillation). That Cutting pulp improves the freeness, but it is not suitable to reinforce the hardened cement composition. On the other hand The fibrillation of the pulp increases the freeness while at the same time reducing the hardened cement composition reinforced. However, the fibrillation must be controlled, otherwise the pulp cutter will also work Further.

An essential aspect of the invention is that the pulp is indeed fibrillated, the partial fibers however, those that have been short cut in the pulp are limited so that they are used in the lowest possible way Concentration.

In a certain method according to the invention

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pulp from conifers and / or deciduous trees is used. The Schopper freeness of the pulp is Brought to 70 SR or higher. The fiber fraction with a fiber length of less than 177 ^ i is less than 10% by weight of the total amount of the pulp.

Such a pulp is used in an amount of 1-5 percent by weight, based on the total amount of the pulp (hereinafter only referred to as % ). If the proportion of the fibrillated pulp is less than 1% , even if the fine-grained inorganic filler, which reduces the filterability, is added, it is impossible to lower the filter coefficient to the point where it can be manufactured by the Hatchek system. On the other hand, if the fibrillated pulp exceeds 5% of its content, the product cannot meet the non-flammability requirement, although production is feasible when the content of the other organic reinforcing fibers is taken into account. The Schopper dewatering degree of the conifer or deciduous tree pulp is below 40 SR when it is shredded normally. If such a cellular material is used in a proportion of less than 5%, production by the Hatchek process is impossible, even with the combined use of fine-grained, inorganic filler, which lowers the filterability. This means that because of the exceptionally good filtering ability (ie

the drainage is too good) the cement grains slip into the filtrate. Thus it is an indispensable requirement in the production (e.g. by Schopf filtration) of non-flammable hardened compositions that pulp,

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which is comminuted to have a 70 SR Schopper grind is present in an amount greater than 1%.

O5 As for the fiber length of the fibrillated pulp, So the comminution is done by a grinding machine, e.g. the PFI mill, the single disk mill or the double disk mill carried out, and at the same time as the fibrillation, the process of shortening proceeds the fibers away.

It is necessary to shred the pulp so that the Schopper degree of dewatering or grind is increased. However, if over-chopping, the fibers are cut into short pieces and can no longer serve as reinforcement for the hardening composition. For example, fibers less than 177 p. Length almost no amplification effect; they are only effective in terms of increasing the Schopper grind. It is therefore desirable to keep the proportion of these short fibers as low as possible.

As mentioned above, in the invention, a pulp with a fiber length of less than 177 μ is used in a proportion of less than 10% of the total amount of the total amount of pulp. This is because if the proportion of this pulp exceeds the above-mentioned level, the water absorption ratio of the cured composition increases, resulting in a substantial decrease in strength when the composition absorbs water. "To the fibrillated pulp, which has a Schopper freeness of over 70 ° SR, a length of less than 177 ρ and less than 10% of the total amount of the cell

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pulp can be less than 70 ° SR Schopper grind can be added (unprocessed conifer pulp, unprocessed deciduous wood pulp, Waste paper etc.) · In other words: if the fine-grained inorganic filler, which the filtering ability In addition, it is not necessary to use only the above-mentioned fibrillated pulp. The other pulps with a Schopper freeness of less than 70 SR can also be used in Combination can be used within the range in which the filtration coefficient

4th
of the pulp can be set to less than 5 cm / see.

The ratio for the combined use of pulp above 70 ° SR and below 70 ° SR According to the invention, the Schopper freeness is 1: 4-5: 0 set. If strength and economy are taken into account, 1: 1-2: 1 is preferable.

In other processes according to the invention, conifer wood or hardwood wood pulp with a Schopper freeness of 40-95 SR and a fiber length of more than 590 u is used, which makes up more than 60% of the total pulp content. The concentration of such pulps, expressed as a percentage of the total solids content, is 1-5 percent by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as% ).

There are also pulps of conifer or deciduous trees used that are only processed by means of deaggregation and that have a Schopper grind of less than 45 SR have. The concentration of the last-mentioned pulps as a percentage of the total solids content is 0.5-1%. In other words: if the one mentioned above

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fibrillated pulp is less than 1% in concentration, the filter coefficient cannot be reduced to a value that enables production according to the Hatchek system, even if the filler, which reduces the filterability, is combined with the pulp mentioned is used. Even if the filtration coefficient can be lowered to the value that enables production by the Hatchek process, the proportion of cement grains that escapes with the water through the mesh of the cylinder network becomes large and it is impossible to produce products with the expected quality. In addition, problems arise during the manufacturing process, e.g.

the clogging of the pipes. On the other hand, the production is feasible when the concentration of the above-mentioned fibrillated pulp exceeds 5% , but the product does not meet the requirement of incombustibility when the proportion of the other reinforcing organic fibers is taken into account.

In the case of the combined use of untreated pulp with a Schopper freeness of 40 SR or less, a concentration of less than 0.5% still enables the ladle-sieve process to be continued; however, difficulties arise during the subsequent process step, that is to say in the dehydration of the cake to the point of felt, when the water removal capacity becomes low. While the cake is being rolled up on a production roller, the excessively high water content can cause it to stick to the surface of the roll or cause it to hold incorrectly.

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If, on the other hand, the concentration of the untreated Pulp exceeds 1%, the filtration coefficient increases, resulting in a high concentration of solids leads in the filtrate, whereby the flow of the cement is reduced to a very low level. Another disadvantage which has been found in connection with this case is that during the compression molding of the clean sheet, the springback effect when the pressure is released increases and the products obtained all have a low specific weight. As already described above, it is used for the production of the fiber-reinforced cement boards according to the Hatchek system necessary to have the fibrillated pulp in one concentration to use from 1-5%. With fibrillated pulp alone, however, there is a disadvantage that

because of the low dewatering rate down to the felt, during manufacturing, rolling and pressing, the products do not die have the necessary heaviness, although the production by means of ladle sifting is possible. 20th

In the present invention, where 0.5-1% of the untreated pulp is contained (compared to the Process in which only fibrillated pulp is used), the dehydration of the cake during of manufacture carried out with greater effectiveness. Accordingly, one obtains products with a high specificity Weight in which the pulp fibers and cement are evenly and firmly mixed together.

The untreated pulp used in the invention is a conifer pulp or a deciduous pulp, which is normally crushed and -'a Schopper grind of less than 40 SR. If this Untreated pulp is used alone, that is

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Hatchek method impractical, even if others Materials such as filler can be added. The result is the same even if the stake of the previously used untreated pulp is increased to more than 0.5-1%, which corresponds to the range in which the method according to the invention is applied. In other words: the filterability is so large that the cement grains slip into the filtrate. This not only results in worse physical ones Properties, but also undifferentiated liquid levels. One production that one Requiring a difference in liquid levels is not feasible in these circumstances. Just when the pulp, which is strongly comminuted up to 40-9 5 SR Schopper degrees of grind, in connection with the untreated Pulp is used, the Hatchek system can produce high density products with great effectiveness.

The fiber length of the fibrillated pulp is obtained by beating it with beating machines, such as, for example, the PFI mill, the single-disk mill or the double-disk mill. Along with the fibrillation, the cutting of the fibers continues. It is necessary to beat the pulp in order to increase the Schopper freeness, but if the beating is too strong, the fibers are shortened by cutting, whereby the reinforcing effect of the pulp for the hardening products is lost. For example, the fibrillated pulp with a fiber length of less than 590 p. almost no more strengthening effect, just an increase in the Schopper grind. Therefore one should limit the proportion of this short fiber pulp as much as possible.

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The reason why, in this invention, the proportion of the pulp having a fiber length of 590 p. or longer is set above 60% of the whole pulp, is that if this pulp content is below 60%, the water absorption rate of the hardening composition increases and the strength of the hardening composition is decreased because of the water absorption.

As for the inorganic fillers, those having a degree of swelling of more than own three times. For example, inorganic fillers are used, such as sepiolite or Bentonite, which has a high degree of swelling when absorbing water. When such a filler put together is used with the pulp mentioned, both of which can be mixed with cement and water the filtration coefficient of the pulp or sludge

4th
below 5 cm / see, which corresponds to the range in which the basic formation is obtained when using the Hatchek system. Through the combined use of the mentioned fibrillated pulp and the expandable inorganic filler, the freeness can be lowered (ie the flow of the cement is improved). It is not known exactly why the grind is decreased and the cement flow increased. However, it is believed that the swollen inorganic filler is entangled with the fine fibers of the fibrillated pulp in a satisfactory manner so that both of them form a crosslinked structure when they are filtered. The reason why the degree of swelling of the inorganic filler is set to be more than three times is because: When the inorganic filler has a degree of swelling of less

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than three times is used, there is no great effect in lowering the above-mentioned Filtration Coefficients. Further, when the proportion of the inorganic filler exceeds 5%, the Possibility of strength reduction (reduction in strength due to water absorption).

Other fillers which have more than three times the degree of swelling and which are used in the invention are crystalline or non-crystalline silica with an average grain size of less than 5 ti. When such a filler is added to the above-mentioned pulp and mixed with cement and water, the filtration coefficient of the pulp or sludge is further reduced, and the pulp can now be processed for the products. The filler makes it possible to obtain a filtration coefficient in a range suitable for production even if the whipping of the pulp has been limited. This saves power for the pulp beating and achieves product flexibility. The composition of the materials can be changed not only by the pulp but also by the filler, depending on the use of the product. Another advantage is that if crystalline or non-crystalline silica of less than 5 microns grain size is used as filler, this reacts with cement during curing, whereby the product is further strengthened.

As reinforcing fibers, in addition to the pulp inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, steel fibers, wollastonite and organic fibers such as Vinyl, acrylic and polyethylene can be used.

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As the inorganic fiber, vinyl is preferable while wollastonite is preferred as the inorganic fiber. Among the vinyl fibers, advantageous are those that are partially uneven. It is well known that of the organic fibers, the vinyl fiber because of its hydrophilic group is the one with the greatest effect when combined with cement and an excellent one Reinforcement causes. The combined use of this fiber with the fibrillated pulp and the raw pulp provides a further improvement in strength. The presumed reasons for the above effect is that the vinyl, when used alone, has a low affinity for it Cement has and tends to slip away. However, if it does is used together with the aforementioned pulps, it will be intertwined with the fibrillated pulp and with the untreated pulp that prevents it from slipping. If the vinyl you are using is a has a partially uneven surface, e.g. as a result of heat treatment during spinning and after spinning, the tendency not to slip away is further improved.

As for the vinyl fibers, a thickness of 5-50 m and a length of 3-10 mm are the preferred ranges. The preferred proportion of vinyl fibers is 0.3-2%. If the proportion exceeds 2% in the normal pulp production system, it becomes difficult to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of the fibers, resulting in a loss of strength. On the other hand, if the proportion is less than 3%, the reinforcing effect becomes insufficient. Particularly in the uncured state, the property of maintaining the shape becomes poor.

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For wollastonite there is no particular limit for the length, thickness and shape of its fibers, but it is of course desirable that wollastonite has the largest possible area ratio. The preferred proportion of wollastonite ranges between 2-153S. When the proportion exceeds 15%, the reinforcing effect becomes itself is not reduced, but the specific weight of the hardening composition lowers the reinforcement effect as a whole.

The slurry is made by mixing the raw materials mentioned above prepared with water. The preferred concentration of the solids portion of the slurry is 4-15%, or even better, 6-10%. Below 4%, the production efficiency is low, resulting in decreased Productivity leads. In addition, the solids content of the pulp is excreted, which leads to that it is possible to use a cured composition obtain. However, if the solids content of the pulp is over 15%, the thickness of the processed cake becomes unevenly, which makes it difficult to obtain a homogeneous hardening composition.

In addition, the filtration coefficient for the sludge

4th
must be set at less than 5 cm / see, because such a numerical value is an absolute requirement for the introduction of production according to the Hatchek system.

A slurry having the above composition obtained in this way is made by means of the Hatchek processing machine processed and pulled apart in layers to form the basic formation 'with the appropriate Form thickness. By hardening this basic formation, a hardening composition is obtained.

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From the foregoing description it can be seen that the invention provides a very strong hardening composition can be mass-produced, even without the use of asbestos. Because the share is low in pulp and fibrillation is carried out to a high degree, one obtains not only a non-flammable composition, but also a low water absorption, which in one less strength reduction in the event of water absorption.

Furthermore, the fine fibers that result from fibrillation improve the adhesion between the Layers of the processed products. Thus, the hardening composition also suffers from destruction Frost resistance.

EXAMPLES AND COMPARISONS
·

The following are the descriptions of the examples of the present invention and the examples of the Comparison given together.

Examples 1-24 and Comparative Examples 1-14 of the inorganic curing composition were made up Raw materials shown in Table 1 using the Hatchek system which the Hatchek processing machine is used.

--JO The results of the test based on the examples is also shown in Table 1.

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Table 1

example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 More common
Portland cement
(kg) 85 87 87 86 94 Fibrillated
Needle baim-zel 1-
fabric (kg) unge
bleaches
5 _ bleached
2 bleached
2 unge
bleaches
2 Fibrillated
Deciduous tree
fabric (kg) _ unge
bleaches
3 unge
bleaches
1 _ _ Pulp with
less than 70 °
SR grinding degree (kg) _- 2 _ Vinyl fiber
(kg) - - - - - Wollastonite
(kg) - - - - - Sepiolite (kg) - - - - 2 Bentonite (kg) - - - - - Silica sand
(kg) 10 10 10 10 - Water (t) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 pre-condition
for the zer
downsizing Double
disc
mill
4 turns
hangs Double
disc
mill
4 turns
hangs Double
disc
mill
6 turns
hangs Double
disc
mill
6 turns
hangs PFI mill
100,000
The other way round
hangs Grind of the
fibrilated
Pulp
(0.2% water)
( ⁰ SR) 85 73 85 72 103

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Table 1 (continued)

In the dry example 1 © Example 2 Θ Θ Example 3 1.7 Θ Example ^L Θ Example 5 1.7 Θ Share of to know Pulp in was standing the fibrillator not not 210 not not 203 not th pulp ) racing 1.7 ) racing separate racing 3 racing with a company In the water bar bar bar bar 5a r ser length small absorb less than 177 η to- ' 205 [%) was standing 4.5 4th 7.0 6.8 5.2 Editable (kg / cm?) 160 148 in the her Between position pro
zeß layer Θ © Θ Seven) Adhesion Strength 14th 16 Specific (ASTM φ Ver 155 Severity of drive 3000 Product times) cons
stood against 1.7 1.7 Be- Frost damage 17th ge completion fe- Result of the 250 225 stig- Flammable speed tes cm 180 ■ 178 18th 17th

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Table 1 (continued)

example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Filtration
coefficient
(cm ⁴ / sec) 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.8 4.0 concentration
of the pulp {%) 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2

1: fibrillated pulp means that the pulp to more than 7O ⁰ SR Schopper freeness set and having a fiber length of less than 177 u content in a composition ratio of 10 weight percent, based on the total pulp is contained.

Annotation:

0 Excellent

Oh good

Satisfactory
Inadequate

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Table 1

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 More common
Portland cement
(kg) 92 93 91 86 89.5 Fibrillated
Softwood cell
fabric (kg) 4th 3 3 3 Fibrillated
Hardwood cell
fabric (kg) _ 3 _ _ Pulp with
less than
7O ⁰ SR grinding degree
(kg) 1 1 1 1 Vinyl fiber (kg) - 1 - 1 0.5 Wollastonite (kg) - - ■ 5 5 2 Sepiolite (kg) - 2 - - 2 Bentonite (kg) 4th - - 4th 2 Silica sand (kg) - - - - - Water (barrel) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 pre-condition
for the zer
reduction of the
Pulp Entry
ben mill
8 turns
hangs Double edge
ben mill
10 turns
hangs Two see-
ben mill
10 turns
hangs Double edge
ben-mill
10 turns
hangs - Grind of the
fibrillated
Pulp
(0.2% water)
( ⁰ SR) 85 90 93 90 90 Proportion of the cell
substance in the
fibrillated
Pulp that
a length of fiber
of less than
177 / J 4.3 5.4 6.0 5.8 4.7

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Table 1

In the dry
to know
was standing Example 6 Θ Example 7 Θ Example 8 Θ Example 9 Θ Example 10 Θ Machinability
at the manufacturer
process
(Schopf-Sieben) In the water
absorb
th state Θ not
burning
bar © not
burning
bar Θ not
burning
bar Θ not
burning
bar Θ not
burning
bar Specific
Severity of
Product Intermediate layer
Adhesion Strength
(kg / cm ^) 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.5 1.7 3.3 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.2 Be-
ge
fe-
stig-
speed
«9 /
cm ¹ (ASTM A Ver
drive 3000
times) Frostfe
sturdiness 234 8.2 275 8.2 270 8.2 295 8.2 284 8.2 Result of the
Non-flammable-
ability tests 167 224 201 232 227 Filtration
coefficient
(cnr / sec) 19th 20th 18th 21 19th concentration
of the pulp {%)

Annotation:

(*) Excellent

Oh good

Satisfactory Poor

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* ti 9 W β

Table I.

Ver
equal
example Ver
equal
example 2 Ver
equal
example Ver
equal
example Ver
equal
example 5 Normal port
land cement (kg) 76 85 82 82 92 Asbestos 6D (kg) 14th - - - - Fibrillated
Conifer tree cell
fabric (kg) _ 3 Fibrillated
Deciduous tree cell
fabric (kg) mm Pulp under
7O ⁰ SR-MaM grad
(kg) 1 5 8th 5 1 Vinyl fiber (kg) - - - - Wollastonite (kg) - - - - - Sepiolite (kg) - - ' - 1 2 Bentonite (kg) - - - 2 2 Silica sand (kg) 10 10 10 10 - Water (barrel) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 pre-condition
for the zer
reduction of the
Pulp - - - - Double
disc
mill
6 turns
hangs Grind of the
fibrillated
Pulp
(0.2% water)
( ⁰ SR) 90

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Table 1

In the dry
to know
was standing Ver
equal
example 1 Ver
equal
example 2 Ver
equal
example 3 Ver
equal
example 4 Ver
equal
example 5 Proportion of the cell
fabric in fib
grooved cell
fabric, the one
Fiber length of
less than
177 / y has (%) In the water
absorb
th state 5.2 Machinability
in the making! -
Adjustment process
(Schopf-Sieben) Intermediate layer
Adhesion Strength
(kg / cm ^) Θ X Θ X X Specific
Severity of
Product (ASTM (A) Ver
drive 300 times)
Frost resistance 1.7 _ 1.6 _ _ Bie
ge
fe
stig
speed
Cm ⁴ J Result of the
Non-flammable-
ability tests 257 242 _ 211 120 18th _- 15th X not
burn
bar - half not
burning
bar -

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Tabel

Ver
equal
example 1 Ver
equal
example 2 Ver
equal
example 3 Ver
equal
example 4 Ver
equal
example 5 Filtration
coefficient
(cm / sec) 2.5 1.5 4.8 8.5 4.0 concentration
of the pulp [%) 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 2.8

Annotation:

Q) Excellent

Oh good

Ά Satisfactory

X Poor

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Table 1 Portland cement at
game 11 at
game 12 at
game 13 at
game 14 Z
U
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Unprocessed pulp 75 75.3 75.5 78.5 Fibrillated pulp NUKP
1 NUKP.
0.7 NUKP
0.5 NUKP
0.5 Organic fiber NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
3 Inorganic fiber
(Wollastonite) VINYL
1 VINYL
1 VINYL
1 VINYL
1 Filler (sepiolite) 5 5 5 5 Filler (bentonite) Fillers SiIika (l / i
Average grain size) Silica sand 10 10 10 7th Polymeric flocculant
(ppm to ss) • 5 5 5 5 Porridge concentration (%) 30th 30th 30th 30th Concentration of the test substance
proportion in the filtrate (%) 8.5 8.4 7.7 8.7 No. of turns (times) 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 Felt speed (m / min) 4th 5 4th 5 Pulp milling condition &
⁰ SR of the fibrillated cell
fabric 35 35 35 36 Specific severity Double
shit
ben-
mill
• 7 times
(73 ⁰ SR) how
Left how
Left how
Left Flexural strength in normal
Condition (vert. Dir.) 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.79
I. 278 267 274 265

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Table 1 ^! at
game 11 at
game 12 at
game 13 at
game 14 Flexural strength in sal υ
π'erten state w / water
(vert. dir.) 199 189 211 200 Charpy impact resistance
(vert. dir.) 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.1 Interlayer
Adhesion strength (kg / cm ² ) 17.5 16.8 17.7 18.0 Test result regarding
Incombustibility in
order in
order in
order in
order Anti-Frost Melt Cycle
test Θ Θ - Θ Θ Dimensional variation
amount 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.23

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Table 1 Portland cement at
game 15 at
game 16 at
game 17 at
game 18 Z
U-
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Unprocessed pulp 74.3 78.3 76.3 74.5 Fibrinated pulp NUKP
0.7 NUKP
0.7 NUKP
0.7 NUKP
0.5 Organic fiber NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
4th Inorganic fiber
(Wollastonite) VINYL
2 VINYL
1 'vinyl
1 VINYL
1 Filler (sepiolite) 5 5 5 5 Filler (bentonite) 2 Filler silica (l / i
Average grain size) 4th Silica sand. 10 10 Polymeric flocculant
(ppm to ss) 5 10 10 5 Porridge ~; k "concentration (%) 30th 30th 30th 30th Concentration of test
proportion of substance in the fiItrate {%) 7.5 7.7 7.8 8.2 No. of turns (times) 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 Felt speed (m / min 4th 4th 4th 4th Pulp milling condition &
⁰ SR of the fibrillated
Pulp 35 35 35 34 Specific severity how
1 i nks how
Left Two-
shit
ben-
Mill
10 times
8O ⁰ SR) how
Left Flexural strength in normal
Condition (vert. Dir.) 1.72 1.76 1.74 1.70 231 284 265 260

-38-

ο q-u

Table 1 at
game 15 at
game 16 at
game 17 at
game 18 Flexural strength in the satu
rated condition w / water
(vert. dir.) 168 199 182 175 Charpy impact resistance
(vert. dir.) 5.7 4.4 4.0 4.5 Interlayer- "
Adhesion strength (kg / cnr) 13.4 15.8 15J.0 16.8 Test result regarding
Incombustibility in
order in
order in
order in
order Anti-frost enamel
cycle test Θ © Θ Θ Dimensional variation
amount 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.17

-39-

Table 1 Portland cement at
game 19 at
game 20 at
game 21 at
game 22 Z
U
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Unprocessed pulp 78.3 78.0 76.0 74.0 Fibrillated pulp NUKP
0.7 NUKP
1. NUKP
1 NUKP
1 Organic fiber NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
3 NUKP
4th Inorganic fiber
(Wollastonite) VINYL
1 ACRYLIC
1 ACRYLIC
1 VINYL
1 Filler (sepiolite) 5 5 5 5 Filler (bentonite) 2 2 Filler silica (1 μ
Average grain size) 2 Silica sand 7th 10 Polymeric flocculant
(ppm to ss) 5 10 10 5 Pulp concentration {%) 30th 30th 30th 30th Concentration of the
proportion in the filtrate {%) 8.0 7.5 8.5 7.6 No. of turns (times) 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.2 Felt speed (m / min) 4th 4th 4th 4th Time-meal condition '&
⁰ SR of the fibrillated cell
fabric 36 37 35 36 Specific severity Two -
shit
ben-
MUhI e
7 times
(73 ⁹ SR) how
Left how
Left how
Left Flexural strength in normal
Condition (vert. Dir.) 1.77 1.68 1.71 1.65 277 248 265 261

-40-

vJ t U I i_

Table 1 at
game 19 at
game 20 at
game 21 at
game 22 Flexural strength in the satu
rated condition w / water
(vert. dir.) 203 188 200 191 Charpy impact resistance
(vert. dir.) 3.7 2.8 3.0 2.9 Intermediate layer "
Adhesion strength (kg / cnr) 17.4 15.2 18.2 14.4 Test result regarding
Incombustibility in
order in
order in
order in
order Anti-frost enamel
cycle test Θ Θ Θ Θ Dimensional variation
amount 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.18

-41-

04U UO /

Table 1 Portland cement Ver
equal
example 6 Ver
equal
example 7 Ver
equal
example 8 Ver
equal
example 9 Z
U
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Unedited
ZeI1 fabric 76.0 75.0 74.0 73.0 Fibrillated
cellulose NUKP
2 NUKP
3 Organic fiber NUKP
3 NUKP
4th NUKP
3 NUKP
3 Inorganic fiber
(Wollastonite) VINYL
1 VINYL
1 VINYL
1 VINYL
1 Filler
(Sepiolite) 5 5 5 5 Filler
(Bentonite) Fillers SiIika
(1 μ average
grain size) Silica sand 10 10 10 10 Polymer
Flocculants
ppm to ss 5 5; · 5 5 Porridge concentration {%) 50 50 50 3.0
t Concentration of
Solids content
in the Fi! stepped (%) 9.2 8.4 9.0 7.9 No. of turns
(times) 1.0 1.0 2.4 3.3 Felt speed
(m / min) 5 4th 4th ^4th Zeil stoff-Mahlbe-
condition & SR des
fibrilated
ZeI1 fabric 36 35 31 35 Specific
Heaviness how
Left how
Left how
Left how
1 i nks 1.60 1.48 1.48 1.44

Table 1 (cont.) Ver
equal
example 6 Ver
equal
example 7 Ver
equal
example 8 Ver
equal
example 9 220 214 228 230 Flexural strength
in normal
Condition (verti
kale direction) 154 130 150 167 Flexural strength
in saturated
Condition w / water
(vertical direction) 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.4 Charpy impact
ability (vert.
Direction) 11.5 11.6 12.4 10.9 Interlayer
Adhesion Strength
(kg / cm) in
order in
order failed
beat failed
beat Test result be
plus non-
flammability © O Δ Antifreeze
Melt cycle
Test (ASTM-A) 0.16 0.29 0.32 0.27 Dimensional
Variation
amount

-43-

3 4 U Ί 2 ό 7

Table 1 (cont.) Portland cement Ver
equal
example 10 Ver
equal
example 11 Ver
equal
example 12 Z
U
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Unedited
cellulose 63.0 65.0 75.8 Fibrillated
cellulose NUKP
1 Organic
fiber 3 NUKP
4th NUKP
4th Inorganic fiber
(Wollastonite) VINYL
1 VINYL
1 VINYL
0.2 Filler
(Sepiolite) 18th 5 5 Filler
(Bentonite) Filler silica
(1 μ average
Grain size Silica sand 10 20th 10 Polymeric Aus
flocculant
(ppm to ss) 5 5 5 Porridge concentration (%) 30th 30th 30th concentration
the solids content
in the filtrate (%) 8.5 7.9 8.2 Mr. of the coils
(times) 1.5 1.6 1.2 Felt speed
speed (m / min) 4th 4th 4th Zeilstoff Mahlbe-
condition & SR des
fibrillated
Pulp 34 33 36 Specific
Heaviness how
Left how
Left how
Left 1.49 1.63 1.77

-44-

Table 1 (cont.) Ver
equal
for game 10 Ver
equal
example 11 Ver
equal
example 12 211 225 175 Flexural strength
in normal
Condition (verti
cal dir.) 144 153 120 Flexural strength
in the saturated
Condition w / water
(vert. dir.) 3.3 3.0 1.9 Charpy impact
ability (vert.
Direction) 7.8 13.2 10.5 Interlayer
Adhesion Strength
kg / cm) in
order in
order in
order Test result be
plus not
Flammability Θ © O Antifreeze
Melt cycle
Test (ASTK-A) 0.26 0.27 0.28 Dimensional
variation

-45-

J4U I 16 I.

Table 1 (cont.) Ordinary Portland
cement example
23 Comparative
ex. 13th example
24 Cf.
example 14 Z
U
S.
A.
M.
M.
E.
N
S.
E.
T
Z
U
N
G Softwood cell
material 80 (kg) 80 (kg) 80 (kg) 80 (kg) BM
EA
DH
IL
NE
GN
U
ND
GE
S.
F.
0 Z
RE
L.
L.
S.
T
0
F.
F.
S. Vinyl fiber 4th 4th 4th 4th ZZ
EE
RL
KL
LS
ET
I 0
NF
EF
R.
T.
E.
R. Wollastonite 1 1 1 1 Silica sand 5 5 5 5 water 10 10 10 10 concentration
of the crushed
Pulp 1.15 (t) 1.15 (t) 1.15 (t) 1.15 (t) Knife strength of the
Double disc
MUhIe (mm) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 distance between
the two knives
the two-disc
MUhI e 5 4th 5 4th number of
Edits
by
Double disc
Mooie
(Time) 5 4th 5 4th Grinding degree (0.2%
Aqueous solution)
(SR ⁰ ) 5 6th 6th 10 Proportion of the cell
fabric with a
Fiber length less
as 177 ju (Verh.z.
Total Zeilst) (%) 60 60 75 75 Share of the Zeil st.
with fiber length gr.
than 590 u (cont.
Total operating line st) {%) 7th 20th 9 35 70 50 65 35

I C Ö I

w ν « ψ wu

«« U) VV w ι »

-46-

EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES

(When the pulp is fibrillated and cut)

Filtra
tiogskoeff.
(cm / see) ge * ·
track
net ',
(kg /
cnr) example
23 Comparative
example 13 example
24 Comparative
example 14 Concentration
tion of the
Pulp {%) with
Section.
Water »
(kg /
cm ^ 3.8 3.8 2.5 2.5 Editable
ability of
Procedure ι
Between-
layer-
doughproof
<eit (kg / cm) 8.2 8.2 8.2, 8.2 Specific
Severity of
Product Resistance
capability
against Dest.
by frost Bend
firm
speed Test result
nis reference 1.
Jicht-Brenn-
> areness 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 295 208 280 183 218 115 214 106 17th 10 16 11th no Ab
normal i-
after
300 times Partially
separated
after
100 times No Ab
normal i-
after
300 times Partially
separated
after
100 times not
burning
bar not
burning
bar not
burning
bar not
separable Table 1 (cont.) V B
E E.
R D
A I
R N
B G
E U
IN-
T G
U
N
G
S. PD
HE
YR
S.
IP
KL
AA
LT
IT
SE
C.
H
E.
E.
I.
G
E.
N
S.
C.
H
A.
F.
T
E.
N

Annotation:

Excellent good

Satisfactory Poor

Claims (33)

P 272-ΜΕ / 84 Inorganic, hardened composition and methods of making them \ Claims \ l. J Inorganic, cured composition characterized by a) a cellulose content of 1-5 percent by weight in a total base mass containing cement, wherein the pulp is at least partially Has a fiber length of 177 μ or less and has a Schopper freeness of 70 SR or more; b) a filler with more than three times the degree of swelling and, if necessary, with reinforcing fibers, the concentration at 4-15 percent by weight and the filtration coefficient below -2- • ·· 5 cm / sec of the total base mass. 2. A method for producing an inorganic hardened composition, characterized in that a base formation is hardened which is obtained from a cement comprising slurry; that a manufacturing process such as scoop-sifting is used;
that the porridge mentioned contains: a pulp with a weight fraction of 1-5% of the total solids content of the sludge, being 10 percent by weight or less of the pulp have a fiber length of 177 ^ u or shorter and wherein the pulp is fibrillated to a Schopper grind of 70 ° SR or more is being held; as a filler that has more than three times the degree of swelling and, if necessary, reinforcing fibers by the concentration to 4-15 percent by weight and the coefficient of expansion
set for the porridge. the filtration coefficient to below 5 cm / see 3. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulp is a bleached or unbleached pulp from conifers and / or deciduous trees. 4. The composition or method is characterized for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 3, qekenn characterized in that a part of the pulp has a Schopper-Mahlunqsgrad of less than 70 ⁰ SR. 5. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 3, thereby qekenn- - 3— shows that the filler is meerschaum (sepiolite) and / or Be .tonite, the proportion of filler making up 1-5 percent by weight of the total solids content.
05 6. Composition or method for their production according to claim 4, characterized in that the filler is meerschaum (sepiolite) and / or Be .conite, the proportion of filler making up 1-5 percent by weight of the total solids content. 7. Composition or process for their production according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl fiber of 5-50 u thickness and 3-10 mm length, this reinforcing fiber 0, 3-2 percent by weight of the total solids content. 8. Composition or process for their preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that the Reinforcing fiber is a vinyl fiber 5-50µ thick and 3-10 mm long, the reinforcing fiber making up 0.3-2 percent by weight of the total solids content.
25th 9. A composition or a process for its preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl fiber of 5-50 ρ thickness and 3-10 mm in length, the reinforcing fiber 0.3-2 percent by weight of the total solids -Proportion. 10. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized • tt · « - 4— shows that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite (calcium metasilicate), which makes up 2-15 percent by weight of the total solids content. 11. Composition or process 2u of their preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight proportion of 2-15% of the total solids content. 12. The composition or process for its preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight fraction of 2-15 percent of the total content of the solid. 13. The composition or process for its preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight fraction of 2-15 percent by weight of the total content of the solid. 14. The composition or process for the production thereof according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight fraction of 2-15 percent by weight of the total solids content. 15. A composition or process for its preparation according to claim 8, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite, which makes up 2-15 percent by weight of the total solids content. 16. A process for the production of inorganic, hardened compositions by hardening a base formation obtained from a cement containing slurry or slurry, wherein a manufacturing process such as ladle screening is used and the slurry contains: wood pulp with 1-5 weight percent des total pesticide content of the pulp, with 60 percent by weight or more of this wood pulp being 590 p. (28 meshes) or greater fiber length and a Schopper - ^ ahlunnsgrad of 40-95 ° SR; unground wood pulp of less than 40 ° SR Schopper-. Grind grcd ■ being the unground Wood pulp makes up 0.5-1.0 percent by weight of the total solids content of the pulp and a filler and reinforcing fibers, if necessary, which are connected so that the concentration is 4-15 percent by weight and the filtration coefficient is au
the porridge is set. Filtration coefficient below 5 cm / see. for 17. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 16, characterized in that the pulp is either bleached or unbleached wood pulp from conifers and / or deciduous trees. 18. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 17, characterized / that the filler is sepiolite (meerschaum) and / or bentonite and / or crystalline or non-crystalline silica material, namely with an average grain size of 5 yu, where the filler makes up 1-10 percent by weight of the total solids content. 19. Composition or process for their production according to claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber of 5-50 μ thickness and 3-10 mm in length, the reinforcing fiber 0.3-2 percent by weight of the total solids content. 20. A composition or method is characterized for their preparation .After to claims 1, 2 or 18, terized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber having a thickness of 5-50 mm length and 3-10 yes, the reinforcing fiber making up 0.3-2 percent by weight of the total solids content. 21. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2, 16 or 17, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber makes wollastonite with a weight proportion of 2-15 percent by weight of the total solids content. 22. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 18, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight fraction of 2-15 percent of the total solids content. 23. Composition or process for their manufacture k * * ι -7- according to claims 1, 2 or 19, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight proportion of 2-15 percent of the total pesticide proportion.
05 24. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 20, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is wollastonite with a weight fraction of 2-15 of the total solids content. 25. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2, 16 or 17, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber of 5-50 u strength and. 3-10 mm in length, and makes up 0.3-2 percent by weight of the total solids content, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially uneven. 26. Composition or method of their Her-v ■>] j ·. r according to claims 1, 2 or 18, as characterized by g EKENN that the Verstarkungsfaser υ a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber having a thickness of 5-50 and a length of 3-10 mm and 0.3-2 weight percent of the total solids content, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially, uneven. 27. A composition or method is characterized for their Herstellunrr according to claims 1, 2 or 19, n g eken characterized in that the fiber Verstarkungs ^r \: ■ ny.1- and / or acrylic fiber having e: -r.rr thickness 5-50 λι and a length 'of 3-10 mm and a-sn.' · -vichts- ■ 8- proportion of 0.3-2 of the total solid components has, wherein the reinforcing fiber is formed. 28. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 20, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber with a thickness of 5-50 yu and a length of 3-10 mm and a weight fraction of 0.3-2% of the total solid components, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially uneven. 29. Composition or method for their production according to claims 1, 2 or 21, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber with a thickness of 5-50 ^ i and a length of 3-10 mm and 0 , 3-2% by weight of the total solid components, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially uneven. 30. A composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 22, characterized by d adurch characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl or acrylic fiber with a thickness of 5-50 μ and a length of 3-10 mm and a proportion by weight of 0.3-2 percent of the total solid components, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially uneven. 31. Composition or process for their preparation according to claims 1, 2 or 23, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl -9- and / or acrylic fiber with a thickness of 5-50 yes
and a length of 3-10 now and is 0.3-2 percent of the total weight of the solid components, the surface of the reinforcing fiber being partially uneven. 32. Composition or process for their preparation ^l according to claims 1, 2 or 24, characterized in that the reinforcing fiber is a vinyl and / or acrylic fiber with a thickness of 5-50 yes
and a length of 3-10 mm and a weight fraction of 0.3-2 percent of the total solid components, wherein the surface of the reinforcing fiber is partially formed unevenly. 33.Verfahren for producing the composition according to claims 1, 2 or 16, characterized in that it is combined with the Hatchek system.