DE3324577A1 - Tread profile for vehicle tyres - Google Patents

Abstract

A tread profile, in particular for commercial vehicles, is described which can be used as a winter profile and has a high mileage. For this purpose, a central row of lugs consisting of Z-shaped, transversely oriented central lugs having a pronounced reciprocal tooth system is provided, which is adjoined separately through meandering circumferential grooves by lateral rows of lugs which are likewise transversely oriented and are in a tooth system with the central lugs. Furthermore, connecting webs having sipe incisions passing through transversely are provided between the central lugs, which succeed one another in the circumferential direction, on the one hand, and between successive pairs of lateral lugs and edge lugs, on the other hand, at a level located deeper with respect to the lug surface.

Description

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The invention relates to a tread profile for vehicle tires, especially for drive axles of commercial vehicles, consisting of a middle, 3n row of cleats and from this through each a circumferential groove having sections offset from one another in the transverse direction and separated lateral rows of cleats.

It is known that the properties of vehicle tires are high Dimensions depend on the profile design. In addition to low-slip transmission of high drive and braking forces, good lateral guidance in all driving situations, the lowest possible rolling resistance, low-noise and shock-free running as well as one Perfect drainage and self-cleaning means that tires of this type have a high mileage and can be used all year round required. These partially contradicting requirements must primarily be due to the design of the tread profile be met in the best possible way.

The object of the invention is to provide a tread profile of the initially to train said type in such a way that all-season tires with optimal winter properties and at the same time guaranteed high mileage can be obtained, the above already mentioned, in particular for use in connection with drive axles of existing Nutζfahrzeugen Requirements must be met in the best possible way and a direction-independent applicability should be given.

According to the invention, this object is essentially achieved in that the central row of cleats consists of essentially Z-shaped, in the transverse direction oriented middle lugs, which are alternately symmetrical with respect to the toothed arrangement Mid-circumferential plane are offset that the side rows of cleats from alternating successive, substantially

S-shaped side lugs and a substantially I-shaped edge in the transverse direction There are studs that are also / oriented and mutual as well

are toothed over the side lugs with the middle lugs, and

ORJGINAL INSPECTED

* —— copy

that on the one hand between the successive in the circumferential direction Middle tunnels and on the other hand between successive pairs of side tunnels and edge tunnels at a level lower than the tunnel surface with connecting webs in the transverse direction continuous lamellar incision are provided.

The design · and toothing of the profile lugs in longitudinal and The transverse direction results in connection with the flexibility of the individual studs, which is optimized by the deep lamellar incisions the best possible winter properties for the tire designed with the tread pattern according to the invention, which is preferably to be fitted in autumn / especially a very good grip on wet and wintry roads as well as special grip and directional stability in mud and snow.

Those provided in a special way between the individual studs Connecting webs lead to the fact that with decreasing profile depth the positive part of the profile while maintaining the separation of the individual tread blocks is increased, especially in the central area, resulting in a significant increase in mileage leads and designed with the tread profile according to the invention Increasingly gives tires the character and the desired properties of summer tires.

Preferably, the center legs are relative to the center lugs in the same direction as the circumferential direction, the middle legs of the side lugs also in the same sense among themselves, but with regard to * the The middle limbs of the middle cleats are inclined in opposite directions, and the longitudinal limbs of the edge cleats are with respect to the circumferential direction directed according to the middle legs of the middle cleats. In this way, a large number of tires are produced in the respective tire Stand surface differently directed, with respect to the tire circumferential direction inclined edges are obtained, which is particularly important in terms of running and power transmission properties has a beneficial effect.

COPY ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Another special feature of the profile according to the invention is that all the edge edges of the cleats and the Lamella incisions run at an angle with respect to the tire transverse direction. This ensures above all a low-noise and smooth run.

A particularly advantageous variant of the invention is characterized in that the connecting webs between the central lugs are symmetrical with respect to the central circumferential plane are arranged and each successive connecting webs alternate between two different levels. The connecting webs between side lugs are preferred and edge studs with one another on the same, but with respect to the connecting web lying in the same transverse plane between Center tunnels arranged on a lower level.

In this way it is achieved that, for example, with a residual profile depth of 8.5 mm, two central lugs grow together and a circumferential rib that further reduces the rolling resistance comparatively large circumferential rib that is still elastic due to the existing lamellae incisions is created. Upon reaching with a remaining tread depth of, for example, 5.5 mm, then all the middle lugs and two shoulder lugs grow together, which means there is an additional positive profile and also here in turn the lamellar notches still separate the individual profile blocks.

The transversely opposite edges of edge tunnels, Center lugs and side lugs run preferably in the circumferential direction and delimit groove sections that over im oblique groove sections having substantially the same width with the formation of two substantially meandering circumferential grooves are connected to each other. Between the in the circumferential direction successive pairs of side and edge lugs are lateral transverse groove sections are formed, the width of the Corresponds to the width of the circumferential grooves. The transverse groove sections both side rows of cleats are advantageously over

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central, smaller width having transverse grooves connected. The transverse groove sections which follow one another in the circumferential direction have different width and / or depth.

Secure the circumferential and transverse grooves achieved in this way proper drainage and self-cleaning and prevent especially during winter operation when the profile is still is little worn and the grooves are in their original width and in their original course, any clogging with mud and snow.

At least to those delimiting the continuous circumferential grooves Walls of the side and edge tunnels are in the circumferential grooves extending plateaus formed at least substantially at the level of the connecting webs between side lugs and edge tunnels. The formation of these plateaus in the grooves, which are V-shaped in cross-section, helps avoid damage to the groove base as well as for self-cleaning, for tunnel stabilization and for a good stone ejection at and the plateaus contribute to the creation of positive profile areas in the event of heavy profile wear.

All cleats have lamellar incisions that follow their center line and consist of several individual incisions, but with the exception that the shoulder-side areas of the edge and side studs are free of such sipe cuts are. As a result, the required rigidity of the profile on the shoulder side is achieved without the need for special profile elements in this area must be provided for stiffening and the mechanical vulnerability is reduced.

The shoulder-side edge edges of the side lugs and the edge lugs run in the circumferential direction, with the edge edges of the side lugs are offset inwardly with respect to the marginal edges of the edge lugs with the formation of a shoulder indentation. To this Way there are lateral gripping claws, especially during winter operation have a beneficial effect.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Another advantage of the invention can be seen in the use of two profile divisions, as this makes a particularly quiet one Running of a tire designed with the profile according to the invention can be ensured.

Great importance for those in connection with commercial vehicles Owning retreads are another special feature of the profile according to the invention representing low shoulder windows of importance for the emergence of a circumferential sole edge, possibly also to be identified by a rib to lead. Smooth surfaces on the sides are connected to this sole edge i.e. that there is no risk of material or a unclean impressions or an inaccurate formation of outer rib parts during the retreading or soling process consists.'

Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

An embodiment of a tread profile according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing; in the drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a partial plan view a tread profile according to the invention,

Fig. 2 Profile groove sections according to the section lines 1-1 to 4-4 in Fig. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a diagram to explain the abrasion phases of the profile according to FIG. 1, and FIG

4 to 6 corresponding partial plan views of the profile according to FIG. 1 with different ones Tread depth.

According to Fig. 1, the tread profile consists of a central one Row of cleats 5 of essentially S-shaped central cleats 10 arranged transversely to the circumferential direction and of them by meandering ones Circumferential grooves 18 separate lateral rows of cleats 6.

The side rows of cleats 6 are formed by alternating, essentially Z-shaped side cleats 11 and substantially I-shaped edge lugs 12. Side lugs and edge lugs are also oriented in the transverse direction and mutually and via the side lugs 11 with the middle lugs 10 toothed.

The entire width of the tread is denoted _{by S 1.} In the example shown, the width Sj of the central row of cleats 5 is 41% of the tread width S ..

The mutual overlap of the consecutive ones in the circumferential direction Center lug 10 is labeled S->, and this overlap is preferably about 18% of the tread width S-.

The center lugs 10 are alternately symmetrically offset with respect to the center circumferential plane and symmetrically to this by means of Connecting webs 13, 13 'lying in the middle circumferential plane with one another tied together. These connecting webs 13, 13 'are with respect to the Profile surface on two different levels. The connecting webs 13, the width B of which is greater than the width C of the connecting webs 13 ', are at a higher level than the narrower connecting webs 13' and therefore occur in the course of profile wear faster by increasing the positive portion of the middle profile area to the effect.

Corresponding connecting webs 13 'are between successive Pairs of side lugs 11 and edge lugs 12 are provided.

A preferably extends through all connecting webs 13, 13 ' continuous lamellar incision 14, which corresponds to the course of the

The web or the groove in which the web is located follows.

The depth of the lamellar cuts corresponds almost to the greatest profile depth, so that regardless of the degree of wear and tear of the profile the separation of the successive ones in the circumferential direction Stud is guaranteed and yet a reciprocal support of the successive studs can take place.

The middle legs 15 of the middle cleats 10 are with respect to Circumferential direction in the same direction, the central legs 16 of the side lugs 11 also have the same meaning among themselves, but with respect to the middle leg 15 of the middle cleats 10 inclined in opposite directions. The longitudinal legs 17 of the edge lugs 12 extend with respect to the In the circumferential direction, in turn, corresponding to the center legs 15 of the center lugs 10. In this way, in the case of the lateral Rows of cleats 6 have a zigzag character, while the central one Row of cleats 5 has more the character of a circumferential rib.

A characteristic of the profile according to the invention is that all the edges of the studs and also all Lamella incisions run at an angle to the tire transverse direction. In addition to those in the circumferential direction, i.e. perpendicular to the transverse direction running cleat edges is in particular by the transversely oriented, Z-shaped central cleats 10 and S-shaped Side lugs 11 created a variety of beveled edges with respect to the tire circumferential direction at an angle of approximately 55 run. In addition to a low-noise process, this special feature also provides very good power transmission properties.

The meandering circumferential grooves 18, which are through the toothing result between the center lug 10 and the side lug 11, have a width A which is equal to the sum of the widths B and C of the transverse grooves 21 and 2 5, which when the Profile separating the successive central lugs 10 in the circumferential direction.

ORIGJNAL INSPECTED

The center lugs 10 have different widths in the area of their center leg 15. This is indicated by the designations L ₂ and K ₂ in FIG. These different widths are related to the profile division or segment length L, K used. Specifically, L _{2 is} approximately L 0.21 and K _{2 is} approximately K χ 0.19. The profile pitch or segment length is related to the tread width S -, 'where L is approximately equal to S .. χ 0.43 and K approximately equal to L χ 1: 1.3.

The walls delimiting the continuous circumferential grooves 18 the side lugs 11 and the edge lugs 12 are in this Circumferential grooves 18 extending plateaus 22 formed on the approximately the level of the connecting webs 13 'between side lugs 11 and edge lugs 12 are.

These plateaus 22 are preferably also in the transverse grooves having the width A between the side lugs 11 and the edge lugs 12 formed, specifically in a first, of the circumferential grooves 18 leading away section, so that these plateaus with corresponding profile wear to an increase in the positive portion can contribute in the profile center area.

The shoulder-side edge edges of the side lugs 11 and the edge lugs 12 run in the same way in the circumferential direction as the edge edges of the central lugs which lie opposite one another in the transverse direction 10 and side lugs or edge lugs 11, 12. The shoulder-side edge edges of the side lugs 11 are, however, under training of a shoulder indentation offset inward, namely by a dimension S ^, which is preferably approximately equal to the width A of the circumferential grooves 18 is.

The dimensions of the indentations following one another in the circumferential direction 19 have a relationship to the segment lengths L and K. This dimension, which is also referred to as the shoulder exit changes periodically over according to the segment lengths

the circumference, with a shoulder exit preferably about 68% of the segment length L and the respective subsequent shoulder exit is about 65% of the segment length K.

In addition to the profile representation, FIG. 1 also shows a schematic side view of a shoulder window 24 between two edge studs 12 shown. The lower edge of this shoulder window 24 forms thereby a component of a circumferential, closed sole edge, and it can optionally by a rib to be attached must be clearly identified. This all-round sole edge is of particular advantage for the retreading process, since there are none adjacent to this sole edge in the side wall area There are more recesses and thus a disruptive flow of material during the retreading process is excluded is.

The sectional views of Fig. 2 show the shape, the inclination of the wall and the levels of the various grooves, in order to create better comparison possibilities example dimensions are given.

The section 1-1 is laid through the circumferential groove 18 and shows the plateau 22, which is at a level that only after wear and tear of the quasi-existing winter profile portion to the Profile surface arrives. The width of the plateau is less than half the groove width in the plateau level.

Section 2-2 shows a transverse groove between an edge lug 12 and a side lug 11, with neither in the cutting area a plateau still has a connecting bridge.

The section 3-3 is through a connecting web 13 'having Transverse groove placed between successive center lugs 10. It can be seen that the lamella incision 14 extends to the deepest point of the profile, as can be seen, for example, in section 2-2.

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The section 4-4 is laid through the transverse groove having the width B between two successive center lugs 10, and here, too, it can be seen that the lamellar incision 14 to almost; extends to the deepest profile point of the overall profile.

The level of the connecting web 13 is compared to level j of the connecting web 13 'is significantly higher in the sectional view 3-3. The inclination of the wall of the transverse grooves between the central lugs 10 is significantly smaller than the inclination of the wall of the V-shaped circumferential grooves 18th

The lamellar incisions 23 shown in Fig. 1 in the cleats 10, 11 and 12 only indicate general possibilities that are necessary for the The arrangement of these lamellar incisions, which is essential to the invention, can be seen in detail in FIGS.

Due to the design and arrangement of the connecting webs 13, 13 'within the various rows of tunnels, a profile is obtained which, with regard to the seasonal requirements can be used optimally.

In the diagram according to FIG. 3, these are dependent on each other Abrasion or operating phases resulting from the respective profile depth for a possible application are shown schematically

Is one equipped with the tread pattern according to the invention When tires are installed and put into operation in autumn, the wear and tear that is common in the start-up phase occurs first. One achieves then, for example, at a profile depth of about 12 mm

specific

Area in which the / abrasion remains practically constant until results in an initial stabilization. The tire, which was previously ideally suited as a winter tire, is now in a state in which due to the decreasing groove widths and due to the reaching of the level of the connecting webs 13, a first convergence of the profile takes place and thus the positive portion of the profile is significantly increased, especially in the area of the tire center

~ COPY BAD ORIGINAL *

will. This leads to a substantial reduction in the specific Abrasion and thus to the desired and desired increase in Mileage. A second stabilization occurs in the area of a profile depth of 4 mm, whereupon the levels of the deeper lying connecting webs 13 'and the plateaus 22 can be achieved and a second coalescence of the profile occurs.

The diagram explained is only intended to provide a better understanding of the working principle of the tread profile described, however, it is not in any way limiting.

Based on the top views of Figures 4 to 6, the during The various appearances and functional forms of the profile resulting from the service life of the profile described are shown.

Fig. 4 again shows the central row of cleats 5 and the two lateral ones, through a meander-shaped circumferential groove 18 from the central one Row of cleats separate side rows of cleats 6. The illustration according to FIG. 4 corresponds to the new condition of the profile, i.e. that the individual studs 10, 11, 12 of the rows of studs 5, 6 are separated from one another by clearly pronounced transverse grooves 20, 21, 25, 26 are separated from each other. The pronounced interlocking of the cleats in the longitudinal and transverse directions as well as the transverse orientation of the profile cleats give the profile excellent winter properties in this condition with low-slip transmission of high levels of drive and power Braking forces. The profile positive is about 64%. It is also important that the arrangement and configuration of the Stollen has a non-directional profile.

If there is a tire with a profile according to FIG. 4 for a long time in practical use and if a remaining profile depth of, for example, 8.5 mm is reached, the appearance of the changes Profile according to the illustration in Figure 5.

It can be seen that due to the V-shaped cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal and transverse grooves, the groove width is consistent has become less, but it can also be seen that now two in the circumferential direction adjacent central lugs thereby have grown together that the level of the connecting webs 13 shown in Fig. 1 has been reached by the abrasion. The positive profile; is thus increased in the middle tire area, which is important in terms of the achievable mileage for Drive tire has a very significant effect. It is now the phase shown in Fig. 3 of the first growing together.

After further wear and tear, the level of the connecting webs will eventually become 13 'between the pairs of middle cleats that have already grown together and one edge lug 12 and one side lug 11 reached.

Thus there is a practically circumferential row of central cleats in connection with side rows of cleats 6, which are also have a very high positive content. The individual profile blocks are still through the deep ones at this stage Lamella notches separated from each other.

If the tire has reached the state shown in FIG. 6, then If desired, a particularly simple re-cutting of the profile can also be carried out, although with such a re-cutting process waited without further ado and this regrooving process can then still be carried out without any problems could. The reason for this simplified regrooving is that the groove contours in particular, even in the case of a heavily worn tire are still clearly visible due to the existing lamellar incisions and as guide paths for the trimming tool can serve. The profile can even be given additional winter properties through the trimming process, by cutting transverse grooves in the connecting webs according to the course of the lamellar incisions.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

List of reference symbols for D 2585

1-1 cut

2-2 cut

3-3 cut

4-4 cut

5 central row of studs

6 side row of studs 7

10 central studs

11 side studs

12 edge studs

13.13 "large, small connecting bars

1 4 lamellar incision connecting webs

15 middle leg of

16 middle leg of

17 longitudinal legs of

18 circumferential grooves

19 shoulder jump

20 transverse groove section "A"

21 cross groove in the middle "C"

22 plateau

23 lamellar notches

24 shoulder windows

25 large transverse groove in the middle "B"

26 small transverse groove on the side "C"

A, B, C groove widths

angle

L, K profile pitch, segment length

S ₁ tread width

S-j Wide central row of cleats

S ₃ central lug overlap

S. Shoulder entry

L ₂ , K “Wide middle tunnels

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (17)

- patent claims - { 1. ^ Tread profile for vehicle tires, especially for ^ - ^ driving axles of commercial vehicles, consisting of a central Row of cleats and of this by each having a circumferential section offset from one another in the transverse direction Lateral rows of studs separated by groove, characterized in that the central row of studs (5) consists of essentially Z-shaped, in the transverse direction oriented central lugs (10), which are alternately symmetrical with respect to a toothed arrangement the central circumferential plane are offset that the side rows of cleats (6) from alternating successive, im There are essentially S-shaped side lugs (11) and essentially I-shaped edge lugs (12), which are also in the transverse direction oriented and mutual as well as via the side lugs (11) are toothed with the central lugs (10), and that on the one hand between the central lugs which follow one another in the circumferential direction (10) and on the other hand between successive pairs of side cleats (11) and edge cleats (12) on one with respect to the tunnel surface lower level connecting webs (13, 13 ') with continuous in the transverse direction Lamella incision (14) are provided. 2. Tread profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the central legs (15) of the central lugs (10) in the same direction with respect to the circumferential direction, the middle legs (16) of the side lugs (11) below also in the same direction, but inclined in opposite directions with respect to the central limbs (15) of the central lugs (10), and that the longitudinal limbs (17) of the edge lugs (12) with respect to the circumferential direction corresponding to the central limbs (15) the central lugs (10) are directed. 3. tread profile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all the edge edges of the Lugs (10, 11, 12) and the sipe cuts (14) run at an angle with respect to the tire transverse direction. 4. tread profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting webs (13) between the central lugs (10) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central circumferential plane and that in each case successive Connecting webs (13, 13 ') lie alternately on one of two different levels. 5. tread profile according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the connecting ^{webs (13 1} ) between the side lugs (11) and edge lugs (12) with each other on the same, but with respect to the O v_- i_ '-I- ο same transverse plane lying connecting web (13) between Center cleats (10) are arranged at a lower level. 6. tread profile according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the each other in the transverse direction opposite edges of the edge lugs (12), middle lugs (10) and side lugs (11) run in the circumferential direction and delimit groove sections which are below the oblique groove sections which have substantially the same width Formation of two essentially meandering circumferential grooves (18) are connected to one another. 7. tread profile according to claim 6, characterized in that the shoulder-side edge edges of Side lugs (11) and edge lugs (12) in the circumferential direction run and the edges of the side lugs (11) with respect to the edge edges of the edge lugs (12) are offset inwards with the formation of a shoulder indentation (19). 8. tread profile according to claim 6, characterized in that between successive in the circumferential direction Pairs of side and edge lugs (11, 12) lateral transverse groove sections (20) are formed, the Width corresponds to the width of the circumferential grooves (18). 9. tread profile according to claim 8, characterized in that the transverse groove portions (20) of both lateral rows of cleats are connected via central, smaller width having transverse grooves (21). 10. tread profile according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that successive in the circumferential direction Transverse groove sections (20, 21) when the profile is new have different widths and / or depths and In the course of the profile wear, the width is reduced to the lamella cut (14). ORIGINAL INSPECTED r ·. <-, > - ,: ρ Γ7 1-7 ό O Δ- [0 II 11. Tread profile according to claim 6, characterized in that at least on the continuous circumferential grooves (18) delimiting walls of the side and edge lugs (11, 12) in the circumferential grooves extending plateaus (22) are formed, which are at least substantially on the Level of the connecting ^{webs (13 1} ) between the side lugs (11) and the edge lugs (12). 12. Tread profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all lugs (10, 11, 12) approximately follow their center line lamellar incisions (23), but the shoulder-side areas of the edge and side lugs (12, 11) free of lamellar incisions are. 13. Tread profile according to claims 1 and 12, characterized characterized in that the lamellar incisions (14, 23) extend into the region of the deepest profile groove level extend. 14. Tread profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two profile pitches or segment lengths (L, K) are provided, a first segment length (L) being equal to 43% of the tread width (S ₁ ) and the second segment length (K) is about 77% of the first segment length (L). 15. Tread profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that low shoulder windows (24) are formed between the individual edge studs (12) are, the lower edges of which are part of a circumferential, closed sole edge, and that the radial height of this Window is essentially equal to the profile depth. 16. Tread profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle (06) between the tire circumferential plane and the oblique to it running cleat edges is about 55 °. BATH ORIGINAL ο ·: ■ ■? ;: π ί J O α- -ι O / / 17. Tread profile according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the width (S2) of the central row of cleats (5) is approximately is equal to 41% of the tread width (S-). ORIGINAL INSPECTED