DE3313512A1 - Process and device for waste disposal from mines, especially from coal dressing works - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process for waste disposal from mines, especially from coal dressing works, by loading the bulk material into railway wagons open at the top with subsequent rail transport and transfer of the bulk material to road and/or crosscountry lorries which have a dump body with a drive consisting of a hydraulic multiple cylinder-piston arrangement for self-emptying of the body by tipping or ejection of the bulk material during dumping or deposition of the waste, it is provided according to the invention to load the waste into the lorry troughs and to transport these as superstructures of the railway wagons by rail, and, in order to receive the bulk material, to remove the lorry bodies individually from the rail vehicle from the side with the aid of a frame of a forklift, which frame can be attached to the body edge, and to place them on an auxiliary frame of a lorry, whereupon the dumping or deposition takes place after locking of the body to the auxiliary frame and with the body drive connected, and, after emptying the troughs, the latter are connected to the rail vehicles and returned for reloading.

Description

The invention relates to a method for recovery

Disposal of mines, especially hard coal processing. The invention also relates to devices for carrying out the method.

In addition to overburden, the disposal of mountains covers different compositions in hard coal processing especially wash mountains, which compared to the larger proportion Brechbergen and the barely existing reading mountains. On the preferential Field of application of the invention leads to the constant deterioration of the so-called Output, i.e. the ever decreasing share of usable funding in the overall funding to increasing difficulties in the disposal of mountains at the same time declining landfill possibilities in the mostly densely populated mining areas. The growing awareness of the need to protect the natural landscape has already led to the fact that the formerly located in the immediate vicinity of the shafts Mine dumps abandoned Tçturden and disposal has penetrated into areas in which dumps are operated because of lesser settlement or the mountains for landfills of structures, e.g. to elevate canal crowns, routes of trunk roads, des Coastal protection or the like. forwarded.

be turned. Albeit the amount of land required for such landfills The pit mountains used remained relatively small, but the relocation leads the landfills near the colliery in more distant areas generally lead to the disposal of mountains not only have to bridge longer distances, but that the landfills or landfills also more often switch.

The associated problems can be overcome in an economical way to solve the road transport of the mine mountains with the help of trucks or truck trailers tries. The problem is, on the one hand, the quantities involved and distances caused additional loads on the road network by trains and articulated trucks, but on the other hand also the nuisance caused by dust and noise in particular the street neighbor. It is true that the development of specifically aimed at mountain transport equipped pusher shield emptiers have largely displaced the previously known ones Tipper vehicles and thereby a reduction in the dangerousness of road transport and the dump or dumping operation provided (DE-OS 28 41 461). Have stayed however, all other impairments that come with such a disposal system are connected.

It was therefore decided to use the existing railways of the Use the railway for mountain disposal. This makes the loading of the rail vehicles in open superstructures no difficulties because of the rail connection over which all Mines and processing. Problems arise, however, from the fact that the existing Rail network not as far as the planned heaps or landfills and for various reasons cannot be extended to these locations can.

It is therefore also planned to reload the mountains onto road vehicles, depending on the location of the rail transport end point road-going, i.e. for public road traffic with the applicable restrictions or are designed for off-road use, if for the further transport of the items to be disposed of Mountains have their own, i.e. non-public roads or paths are available. from The invention is based on this previously known disposal method.

With the known method, the mountains are reloaded at the transition from rail to road is necessary and is therefore required at the end of the rail route Bunker systems, which e.g. via rail vehicles designed as bottom emptiers and from which the troughs of the road vehicles can be loaded. Such bunker systems not only enable the mountains to be reloaded, but also are also used as a quantity buffer when changing from rail to road for one smooth disposal operation required. Bunker systems with the necessary for this The capacity and the indispensable technical facilities are extraordinary expensive structures, which are also technically relatively complicated on the railroad Requires vehicles such as the mentioned bottom emptiers. The possibly short service life Such bunker systems worsen the profitability of such a mountain disposal not inconsiderable further. On the other hand, there is a mountain disposal according to the above Basic concept in comparison with the pile-up close to the colliery that was previously practiced is already burdened with significantly higher costs, so can the profitability of mountain disposal are called into question, which in turn the Can endanger the profitability of mining.

The problem is exacerbated when intermediate shipments of the goods to be disembarked Mountains become necessary. This is the case, for example, when the piles of mines are on barges or, on the other hand, more powerful transport ships have to be reloaded in order to to the intended landfills or landfills, e.g. in coastal protection transport. In these cases, bunker systems are generally in the loading ports does not exist and cannot be created there for economic reasons will. This then forces an intermediate backfill of the piles of mine to be disposed of with reloading, which makes disposal uneconomical and labor-intensive power.

What is common to the previous types of execution of the previously known method for the disposal of mountain pits, the impairment of the quality of the bulk material, which is inevitably associated with reloading. It is true that wash mountains also often contain more or less large proportions of sand slate and sandstone and have thus a composition that, due to its hardness, is resistant to abrasion and grain breakdown is relatively insensitive.

However, experience shows that the greater part of the mine mountains consists of softer material, preferably slate and is also by the mostly wet Processing reduced in its mechanical resistance. The consequence intermediate bunkering and loading is then a change the Grain composition of the pile. For most building projects, however, the grain range of the embankment is prescribed and can then often not be adhered to will. Even in landfills, shredded piles of washing can cause considerable difficulties, because they reduce the strength of the heap and lead to the formation of scouring j Slippery surfaces and even the demolition of heaps.

The invention is based on the problem of what is assumed to be known Disposal process for mine mountains in a simple manner the necessary here To rationalize reloading processes from rail to road, the necessary for this to reduce technical effort and a grain-friendly transport of the bulk material to enable.

The invention solves this problem with the characterizing features of claim 1. Expedient embodiments of the invention are the subject of Subclaims.

According to the invention you fit the rail vehicles to the troughs of the vehicles used for road or off-road transport in such a way that the parts of the vehicle body that are only used for transport from the side load onto the rail vehicles or from the side of the rail chassis can be removed and taken over from the side on the truck chassis. on the other hand the transport vehicles are tuned to these parts of their superstructures in such a way that emptying using the on-board hydraulic device take place can and in particular vehicles with suitable special constructions instead of the Truck or

Truck trailers with side or rear tipper body for disposal can be used. This makes it possible to use at the end of the rail route a simple pegging for the forklifts and bunker systems to avoid whose buffer function is guaranteed by the stackability of the troughs remain. Since one is thus on the reloading of the bulk goods in favor of the reloading of the If you dispense with transport troughs, you also avoid grain disintegration.

The invention has the advantage that for onward transport relatively cheap rail and road or. off-road series chassis used can be, so complex special constructions of the chassis as a rule omitted. If it becomes necessary to change the location of the end point of the rail route no train stations and in particular no bunker systems are required, so that the In each case the most favorable distribution of the transport routes between rail and road or the terrain can be chosen. One can therefore use the currently mostly not yet Usable mine mountains for purposes that because of their unfavorable transport routes were previously out of the question. The invention can therefore also be used without difficulty Cope with intermediate transports by ships without the economic efficiency of disposal to endanger.

The invention also offers the possibility of different designed after its unloading process Vehicles, i.e. tipper vehicles and push shield unloader to use.

Because the thrust shield unloaders are opposite the side and rear tippers have numerous advantages, the invention preferably envisages the use of these Vehicles for transport on the transport routes connected to the railroad before. It has now been found that the push shield troughs can be all the lighter, the lower the thrust shield drive forces are. Therefore, the embodiment offers the inventive method according to claim 2 has the advantage of lower empty weights with increased capacity of the troughs and weaker dimensions of the Thrust shield drives, which are reduced in number due to the increased loading weight of trips for a given amount of disposal and thus, among other things

is also reflected in considerable fuel savings.

The details, other features, and other advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a device according to the invention to carry out the described method with reference to the figures in the drawing; It shows Fig. 1 the schematically reproduced mine tailings disposal of a coal mine, Fig. 2 the rail transport, Fig. 3 the takeover of the bulk material at the end point of the Railroad, Fig. 4 the further transport to a landfill, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the object of FIG. 3, which is increased in further details Fig. 6 is a side view of a road-going shield emptier, Fig. 7 in Broken representation with omission of all for the understanding of the invention unnecessary details a view of the vehicle according to Fig. 6, Fig. 8 shows the side view of a rail vehicle according to the invention, FIG. 9 in FIG 6 shows a corresponding representation of a pusher shield void with twin troughs and FIG. 10 shows a view of the vehicle in a representation corresponding to FIG. 7 according to FIG. 9.

According to the illustration in FIGS. 1 to 5, the processing collects a shaft system 1 of a hard coal mine, shown schematically by its shaft their pits, which mainly consist of wash mountains, in a bunker 2, the delivery opening 3 of which is arranged above a loading platform 4.

In push-through operation, trains 5 are made up of coupled rail vehicles 6 or 7 from above from the bunker 2 loaded.

The loaded train 5 (Fig. 2) overcomes a distance on the railroad, which is essentially given by a landfill and an embankment. In particular Distances of up to 60 km come into consideration. At the end of the rail route (Fig. 5) the transport track 8 runs along a paved subgrade 9 on which several Options of reloading are shown, which are individually, but also combined can be used. According to the left illustration of FIG. 5, for relative Smaller transport quantities, a light forklift truck 10 is used, its lifting capacity is sufficient for a trough 11, which together with the construction of a truck trailer 12 does not exceed the maximum permissible weight (32 t). The forklift has instead the loading fork (Fig. 4) a so-called Spreder, i.e. a frame 23 on the guide carriage 13 of the lifting device 14, which is located, as usual, on the end face of the two-axis and vehicle with multiple tires, as shown at 15 and 16, is located. Such Spreders are known.

According to the trough is provided with an upper frame 17 which Has recesses for a preferably automatic coupling of the frame 23. The trough 18 in turn rests on a subframe 19 with which it rests on an auxiliary frame 20 can be placed, which is part of the body 21 of the vehicle 12.

There are automatic couplings on the lower frame 19 of the trough 18 22, which are used to lock the subframe 19 to the subframe 20 of the truck trailer body used will.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the one with three is simple Rear axles 24-26 with tires provided with a trailer 27 provided with a structure that the emptying of the trough 18 through a pusher plate 28 at the top in their pivot bearings 29 pivoted rear unloading flap 30 provides. The hollow is for this purpose 18 with the aid of their couplings 22 attached in the subframe 19 to the subframe 20 of the chassis 31 connected in a pressure-tight and shear-proof manner.

The chassis consists of the usual frame side members 32, 33, which are connected with crossbars and extend to the fifth wheel coupling 34 the tractor 35. It is about the front boundary of the trough 18, which is given by the thrust shield 28, also with a trapezoidal frame 36 extended, which carries a frame-shaped bearing 37 for a horizontal joint 37 '. The bearing 37 is with the help of one or more cross members 38 in addition to one vertical frame structure 39 stiffened. There are two in the overall construction Guide rails 40 included, on which a carriage 41 runs. The rails 40 are through corresponding profiles 42, 43, which in the trough 18 on their floor 44 are permanently installed, extended in the direction of the rear unloading flap 30.

The slide carries a bearing 46 via a horizontal joint 45 which the outer cylinder 47 of a multiple cylinder piston assembly is supported.

The inner cylinder 48 is in turn on one sleds 41 'supported, while the inner piston rod 49 via the swivel joint 37' to the Bearing block 37 is articulated.

The outer cylinder 47 carries a catch hook 50, which of a Spring 51 is tensioned. The catch hook forms one half of a coupling second half shown at 52 and realized with a bolt. The back the catch hook is designed at 53 so that it hits the bolt 52 goes against the force of the spring 51 and behind the bolt under the force the tensioned spring 51 engages so that the bolt 52 in the mouth 54 of the hook come to lie. This creates a pressure and tensile strength connection of the multiple cylinder piston arrangement 55, which forms the hydraulic drive of the thrust shield 28, made as soon as the subframe 19 is locked with its couplings 22 in the subframe 20 of the body and the multiple cylinder piston assembly 55 is urged so that the piston begin to extend out of their cylinders.

The pusher shield has a short upper frame guide 56 and one as well short underframe guide 57, which prevent the thrust shield 28 from tilting.

The cage arch cross-section prevents the pusher blade from tipping over 58 of the trough 18. It is made up of a lower curvature 59 subsequent curvatures 60, 61 and end curves 62, 63 together and has a corresponding rigidity the trough 18 result. This enables a Reduction in dimensions and the number of those components that the pusher shield 28 counteract the lateral deformation of the trough 18. It is due to this that the trough 18 has only three frames 64-64 ". It has been found that with the usual loads of approx. 28 to 29 t the unloading process despite the easy Execution of the trough 18 only causes lateral expansions of about 5 mm. The mountains from the bunker 2 (FIG. 1) are loaded into the truck troughs 18. These form the Structure of the rail vehicles (Fig. 8). The rail vehicles run on two three-axle vehicles Bogies 65, 66, the chassis 67 with recesses for the couplings 22 of the troughs 18 are provided, one behind the other and in pairs by a rail vehicle 6 can be transported. The troughs are by loosening their coupling halves 52 released from the catch hook 50, and the thrust shields of the troughs 18 can be as a result of their guides and tilt protection according to the description of FIGS. 6 and 7 easily loaded with mountains.

The Spreder of the forklift 10 (Fig. 5) has the advantage that through Unload him the rail vehicles 6 of the train 5 from the side and also the Road vehicles 12 can be loaded from the side. One of the directions of travel is to explain the loading and unloading process in the illustration! of FIG. 5 an arrow 69 is shown. At 68 some wells 18 are shown, which as Empty or filled hollows act as a buffer during transition from the Meet the rail route on the following transport routes. How to get by the rest easily 4 can be seen from the illustration of Fig., has the use of forklifts for the reloading process the advantage that the bridging of the track 8 with a There is no need for a lifting device or crane system, which means there are no investments for the stationary ones and lost facilities when changing the reloading point significantly reduced will.

In general, it can be assumed that a train 5 of the figures reproduced type a net recovery weight of 1000 to 1200 t transported and that you have a paved area 9 in the form of a platform for the handling of the troughs 18 required, which has dimensions of approx. 30 x 100 m. Sufficient under such circumstances Forklifts with a load capacity of 45 t. Must have a transport via public Roads are carried out with vehicles 12, then results in the construction of the Vehicles 12 weigh about 25 t.

In the illustration of FIG. 5, the all-terrain transport is also shown Heap 70 shown (Fig. 3 and 4). Because the transport is on non-public roads or path 71 takes place, the usual weight and other restrictions do not apply. This enables, among other things, twin push shield emptiers as shown in Fig. 9 and 10. Such a vehicle essentially corresponds to that in connection with 6 and 7 reproduced vehicle.

It accordingly has a chassis 31 one Subframe 20 for the couplings 22 of the two subframes 19 of the on this vehicle transported two troughs 72, 73, which in turn have the basket arch cross-section already described exhibit. A double multiple cylinder piston arrangement is at the expense of emptying both troughs 72, 73 74 required, which is supported in the bearing 37, which is via the frame 36 with the chassis 31 and is connected to the frame 39 via the cross members 38.

The construction is only doubled in this respect.

The twin tipper vehicles 75 described can be used of two forklifts 10 and 76 from position 77 or 78 with a trough 73 and loaded from the position 79 by the forklift 76 with the second trough 72, before the vehicle 75 makes its transport route in the direction of the arrow 80 to the heap begins.

In the system according to FIG. 5, a third forklift truck 81 is smaller Load capacity of 7 t, for example, is used to handle the items brought back by vehicles 75 and 12 Reload empty troughs 18 or 72, 73 onto the rail vehicles 6.

The procedure described and the one used to carry it out Devices work extremely efficiently. One can assume that a Forklift play takes between 1 and 2 minutes. With a transshipment capacity of 1000 t / h and a capacity of the entire plant for 10,000 t up to 15,000 t of mountains there is sufficient reserve time with 16 operating hours, to ensure a smooth disposal operation.

The buffer volume can be increased by purchasing additional Enlarge troughs 18 or 72, 73 if necessary. The process also creates the Possibility of transporting the mountains to be disposed of on a dump or a construction site where embankments have to be made. It is advantageous that on the platform 9 no soiling whatsoever due to the often sticky and moist Tailings occur in the troughs over the full length of the transport route remains between the pit 1 and the landfill 70 or embankment.

The arched shape of the troughs already described leads to a considerable Reduction of the frictional resistance when pushing the mountains mainly in the lower radii of the basket arch. The pusher blade can be retracted so far that the entire trough is emptied. The sledges support the described Multiple cylinder piston assembly, which is therefore on the thrust shield in the camp and by the Slide is supported several times.

At the end of the extension movement of the shield, reversed application the multiple cylinder piston assembly, the thrust shield can be withdrawn.

Furthermore, the extension resistance can be reduced, by doing one the troughs 18 in the longitudinal direction to the rear an oblique inclination on the transport vehicles there, but which can be found on the rail transport vehicles through horizontal storage replaced.

Claims (4)

Claims 1. A method for the disposal of mines, especially of hard coal processing by loading the bulk material in the top open railroad cars with subsequent rail transport and bridging of the Bulky goods on on-road and / or off-road trucks, which have a trough structure with a drive consisting of a hydraulic multiple cylinder piston arrangement for self-emptying of the trough by tilting or pushing out the bulk material of the heaping up or backfilling of the mountains, that is not possible -z e i c h ne t that the mountains are loaded into the truck troughs (18; 72, 73) and these are transported as a structure of the railroad car (6, 7) on the rail (8), and that to take over the bulk goods the truck troughs (18; 72, 73) individually from the side with the aid of a frame (12) of a forklift truck that can be connected to the bowl rim (17) (10, 76, 81) removed from the rail chassis (67) and placed on a subframe (20) of a truck (12, 75) are placed, whereupon after locking the trough (18; 72, 73) with the subframe (20) and connected trough drive (r5, 74) stockpiling or backfilling takes place and after emptying the troughs (18; 72, 73) this is connected to the rail chassis (67) and moved back for reloading will. 2. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that using push shield emptying troughs (18; 72 73) the troughs horizontally on the rail chassis (67) and at an incline from the front end wall of the trough-forming thrust shield (28) to the rear emptying flap (30) can be transported on the truck (12, 75). 3. Device for performing the method according to one of the claims 1 or 2 marked by trucks (12, 75) with superstructures, each at the top Edge of your tipping or push shield trough a frame (17) with recesses for couplings a forklift lifting frame (23) and a sub-frame (19) with recesses for Couplings (22) of their subframe (20), as well as one of the trough (18; 72, 73) releasable Coupling (50, 52) at the extending end of their multiple cylinder piston arrangement (55, 74) and by railroad cars (6, 7) with a chassis frame (67), which can be coupled to the subframe (19) of the truck bodies (18; 72, 73). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, g e k e n n -z c i c h n e t d u r c h twin dump vehicles (75) with a double multiple cylinder piston arrangement (74) as a drive for the thrust shields (28).