DE3246655A1 - COATING COMPOSITE MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

32.6655

Covering composite material

The invention relates to a composite covering material which can be adhesively connected to a reinforcing material.

From US-PS 3,489,639 a covering material or lining material is already known, which is a thermoplastic Has film with which a woven, knitted or fleece-like textile is adhesively connected, which has both glass fibers and thermoplastic fibers. the thermoplastic fibers, give the thermoplastic film good adhesion. The textile as a whole serves as an adhesive layer to which a massive reinforcement material, for example a fiber-reinforced one Resin adheres. A similar covering material is known from US Pat. No. 4,228,208. The textile has a pile for improved adhesion to the reinforcement material.

One of the main purposes for such composite facing materials consists in the construction of chemical plants, where chemically resistant coverings for containers, tanks and pipes are needed. For these purposes, there is good adhesion between the covering material and its Reinforcement is essential so that the component fulfills its function. The phrase "topping" isn't just related to that Lining of internal surfaces is limited, but also includes cladding of external surfaces, such as covers and Cladding.

BATH ORIGINAL

.: G 6 5 s

The composite facing material according to the invention, which with a Reinforcing material is connectable, consists of a covering layer made of thermoplastic material, which is a Has covering side and a rear side, made of a non-woven fiber web or non-woven fiber web, one of which Side is adhesively bonded to the back of the covering layer, while the other side is exposed, and of continuous threads sewn through the panel / between the exposed panel surface and the Back and forth on the back of the top layer and contact the back of the top layer at a multitude of im Spaced locations are adhesively connected.

You already have the use for the stated purpose suggested by nonwovens because they are cheap compared to woven textiles. To the previously used Woven fabrics include needled webs which, however, have reasonable properties in many applications are no longer suitable for higher loads. A review of the nature of the errors in such amplified Covering composite materials made from such textiles showed that the damage was not delamination of the textile from the covering layer or the reinforcement layer, but is created in the textile structure itself. The at the textile material used in the composite covering layer according to the invention eliminates this disadvantage, since the fibrous web even through the continuous threads sewn through is reinforced and because these threads / which at a large number of spaced locations with the covering layer are connected and available for reinforcement material on the exposed web surface, one result in a strong direct connection between the facing layer and the reinforcement material.

BATH ORIGINAL

ο, -. ·; - ο b 5

—7—

The facing layer can be any thermoplastic material which can be in the form of a sheet or formed into other shapes, for example solid or extruded pipes or
Container, and which is suitable for the required task of the covering. Chemically resistant thermoplastic materials are preferred for chemical plants, especially polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. Other suitable thermoplastics are further polyolefins / polycarbonates, polyethers, polyaldehydes, polyvinyls and polystyrene.

The fibrous nonwoven web can be a staple fiber web produced by conventional carding and laying processes is formed. The term "web" is intended to encompass multilayer web assemblies such as nonwovens. It can

Continuous fiber webs can also be used, for example those produced by spreading elementary fiber cables be formed with the cable in diverging air currents or in a diverging Liquid flow suspended and the. Cable spread to form a coherent web of single threads is deposited dry or wet.

BATH ORIGINAL

J- O

The fibers of the web are preferably synthetic fibers. Because of their chemical resistance, they are polyester fibers particularly suitable. The filaments or long fibers used to pierce the web must have adequate strength for the required reinforcement. In this regard are ' Synthetic monofilaments are particularly suitable, with polyester threads being preferred because they provide both the necessary Have strength as well as chemical resistance. Another benefit of Polyester threads consist in the fact that they are at the lamination temperatures, as used in conjunction with the preferred propylene facing layer, do not soften. .

The web can be made with any suitable stitch-forming machine sewn, especially with high-powered machines. A simple chain stitch can be used as a stitch or stitch or a tricot stitch or a combination of these two types of stitches can be used. The row spacing * and the stitch spacing in the row ** can be chosen so that the desired stitch reinforcement is obtained.

* stitch gauge
** stitch rate

BATH ORIGINAL

Vc <3-5 5

The sewn sheet can be adhesively connected to the thermoplastic covering layer, for which purpose an adhesive material is interposed * However, it is preferred to use heat on the reverse side of the covering layer or to soften by the action of a solvent And then the surface of the sewn web with the softened To merge or glue surfaces. The exposed parts of the filaments sewn through the panel also stick or fuse with the softened surface of the covering layer on a large number of Place. If the supplementary layer is a web or a film, the sewn web can be calendered onto the film while their surface is still soft immediately after extrusion, as described in US-PS 3 489 638 is known.

The invention can also be used in a wall structure which has a covering layer made of a thermoplastic Material with a covering side and a rear side, a layer of a reinforcement material, a non-woven fabric, its one surface with the back of the facing layer and the other surface with the layer of reinforcing material is adhesively connected, and has continuous threads sewn through the web between the covering layer and reciprocating the reinforcement layer and with each of the layers at a plurality of spaced apart ones Places are adhesively connected.

The reinforcing material can be reinforced with fibers Be synthetic resin, for example a glass fiber reinforced polyester resin. It will be on the exposed area of the sewn sheet applied in the usual way, for example by laying on of hands, spraying, compression molding and pouring * Resins do not simply combine with the

-BAD ORIGINAL

·. . ■. Li ύ 5

Surface of the needled. But are absorbed by it and thus envelop both the fibers of the web Web as well as the sewn threads, whereby a firm mechanical connection is achieved.

Usually, a certain amount of the resin is applied to the sewn web to prevent it from being applied of the fiberglass-reinforced polyester resin. It has been found that less resin can be used for this purpose per unit area in the sewn web than in a needled textile with a similar basis weight is required. In addition to saving resin, there is a considerable reduction in manufacturing time.

The wall structure can be the wall of a Kohres, a container or a tank for which the covering material forms an inner lining. The wall structure can also be the wall of a building that has external or internal cladding.

The wall structure according to the invention has improved shearing and peeling properties, which has been determined on the basis of tests which are given in the examples below. At 20 ° C, the shear forces are greater than 1000 N / cm ² . Stable peeling forces of more than 70 N / cm are obtained. These properties do not decrease significantly at elevated temperatures. At 50 ⁰ C, shear

Maintaining forces of more than 1000 N / cm, at 100 ° C the shear force is still more than 500 N / cm The retention of the properties is even more impressive in terms of peeling. Over a temperature range of ⁰ ° C., the value by which the stationary peeling force falls is less than 0.1 N / cm per. 1 ⁰ C temperature rise.

2 * 6655

-11-

The invention is explained in more detail, for example, with the aid of the drawing. It shows;

Fig »1 in a diagram the shear force values for

Wall constructions according to the invention depend on the temperature,

2 shows in a diagram the values for the constant peeling force in the case of the invention Wall structures depending on the temperature,

3 is a perspective, schematic cut-open -IQ a wall structure according to the invention,

Fig. 4 shows a section through the adjacent wall structure to the chain stitch seam in the fiber web and

Fig. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a row of interconnected stitch loops which

form part of a chainstitch seam.

1 and 2 "are discussed in more detail in Example 2. The wall structure 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 consists of a covering layer 2 made of a thermoplastic material, a layer 3 made of a reinforcing material, wherein a nonwoven web 4 is bound between these two layers, which is reinforced by continuous threads 5, which are sewn through them along a chain stitch 6.

Fig. 5 shows an enlarged series of interconnected stitch loops I ₃ die. form part of the chain stitch seam 6. These loops lie against the surface 8 of the fiber web, which remains free after the web is fused or glued to the covering layer 2,

BATH ORIGINAL

■> J3

and with which the reinforcement layer 3 is adhesively connected.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the continuous threads 5, which are sewn through the web 4, ensure a direct mechanical connection between the covering layer 2, to which they are fused or glued at the points 9, and the reinforcing layer 3 which adheres to the stitch loops. 7 .

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

example 1

Polyester fibers of A ₁ A dtex and a staple length of 100 mm are carded to form a web, which is then cross-folded to form a fleece. The fleece is sewn using a continuous thread in the form of a polyester sewing thread with 78 'atex with 24 individual threads on a multi-needle sewing machine with a single needle bar. The chain stitches have a stitch count of 8.8 stitches / cm and a stitch value of 6 stitches / cm. The weight per unit area of the manufactured

stitching. Fleece is 165 g / m.

The sewn fabric is adhesively bonded to a 2 .mm thick polypropylene sheet which is extruded at a temperature of 24O ⁰ C; wherein the freshly extruded web and the sewn web are passed together through a three-roll calender so that the surface of the web is on top, on which the chain loops are exposed and the back on the. soft surface of the web. The temperatures of the calender lands are on the upper roller 70 ⁰ C, in the center roll 90 ° C and

BATH ORIGINAL

the lower roll 85 ⁰ C. The web and the sewn fleece are guided together through the gap between the upper and middle roll, then partially around the middle roll and through the gap between the middle and lower roll and then partially around the lower roll .

The composite covering material thus formed is provided with glass-reinforced polyester resin, for which resin and "E" glass in the form of a stacked glass silk mat on the exposed surface of the sewn fleece to a depth of 4 mm can be applied. The resin is a polyester resin approach (Crystic 474 PA, Scott Bader). After the resin has hardened, the. Bond strength between the Covering composite material and the reinforcement made with glass fibers reinforced polyester resin measured for shear and peeling with a Hounsfield tensometer.

The peel test (developed by Courtaulds PLC) uses the covering composite material from the glass-reinforced polyester resin reinforcement deducted at an angle of 90 ° to the reinforced facing composite material and the recorded constant value of the peeling force, which is achieved during the stationary peeling, which is applied to the initial peak value follows. This experiment gives more reproducible results than the one after British Standard 499 4 peel test, which only gives the value of the force to initiate peeling measures.

The values for the shear stress and the peeling force are measured at 20 ° C. and are compared in the table below with values that are obtained with known facing composite materials. In both cases, 2 mm thick polypropylene sheets are used , the lamination, reinforcement and testing being the same as for the composite covering material according to the invention,

BATH ORIGINAL

·. ■ ·· * ρ ρ

, ■ '·, ο Ό Ο Ο-

-14-

however, the stitched or stitched fleece through a woven textile or a needled one Textile is replaced. The woven textile is a four-ply atlas fabric with 10 weft threads / cm and 10 warp threads / cm and has a weight per unit area of

2
280 g / m. The warp yarn has 1500 dtex and consists of 50% by weight of 693 dtex / 70 monofilament propylene yarn and 50% by weight of. 666 dtex glass yarn. The weft yarn consists of 100% glass yarn with 1200 dtex. The needled textile is a mixture of polyester staple fibers, namely 50% by weight of staple fibers of 3.6 dtex and 58 mm in length and 50% by weight of staple fibers of 5.3 dtex and 50 mm in length. Needling is done with a number of needles of 100 / cm and a needle size of 2.35 / cm. The textile has a weight per unit area of 160 g / m.

The amount of resin that is required _r around the free area of each of the. Wetting through textiles that are to be connected to the polypropylene sheet is also indicated in the table below.

* punch gauge ** punch rate

Coating composite- Continuous form force shear stress resin: for the

material in N / cm in N / cm ^ ■ penetration

in ^

Woven textile 43

Needled

Textile 69

25 According to the invention

sewn fleece 73

740 0.60 810 1.44 1120 0.625

The facing composite material according to the invention, in which the sewn non-woven fabric is used, has compared with each the known materials have a superior peel and shear strength and requires for the wetting of the sewn fleece only use the same amount of resin as it is for

BATH ORIGINAL

the woven textile is required, which is less than half the amount that is needed for the needled Textile is needed. The purchase price of the sewn tile is only about 35% of the woven textile and about 70% of the needled textile.

Example 2

The procedures of Example 1 are repeated with the exception / that a 3 mm thick polypropylene film is used in all cases. Samples of the reinforced facing composite material according to the invention and the prior art are tested for shear and peel over a range of temperatures using a needled textile according to the prior art. The results are plotted in diagrams in which, on the one hand, the shear stress versus temperature and, on the other hand, the steady or continuous peeling force (according to the Courtauld test) versus temperature, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In both diagrams, the results obtained with the material according to the invention are shown with solid lines and those with the needled textile according to the prior art are shown with dashed lines. The values of the shear stress and the peel force obtained at 20 ⁶ G for all three facing composite materials are summarized in the following table.

Covering composite- Stationary formwork- shear stress material force in N / cm in N / cm ²

Woven textile 50 .1160

Needled textile 70 740

According to the invention

sewn fleece 8Q 1240

O c, ·; · O

10

The superiority of the composite covering material according to the invention with regard to peeling and shearing has thus also been demonstrated for the stronger polypropylene film or sheet. In addition, the improved properties are retained over the temperature range shown. Thus, the value of the shear stress is about 1070 N / cm ² at 50 ⁰ C and about 750 N / cm ² at 1QOO ⁰ C. The value of the peel force remains above 75 N / cm over the entire temperature range and falls by less than 10 N / cm when the temperature rises above this range.

Example 3

The procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that in all cases a 6 mm thick polypropylene film is used. The peel test (according to Courtauld) is carried out in the same way, however In this example, peel force values are specified that represent the initial values, as a continuous Peeling is not possible with this film thickness.

The. Comparative properties of the three samples are therefore also retained with the much thicker 6. mm polypropylene film.

Eelagyerbund material

Initial peel force in N / cm

Shear stress in ^

25 woven textile

Needled textile

In accordance with the invention, sewn fleece

126 166

. 183

1032 937

1475

BAD ORSGiNAL

11-

Blank page

Claims (1)

F Ü N E R E B B I N G H A U S FINCK PATENT LAWYERS EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS MARIAHILFPLATZ 2 & 3. MUNICH 9O POST ADDRESS: POSTFACH 95 OI 6O, D-8OO0 MDNCHEN 95 3 HAG: iG "· JrS I COURTAÜLDS PLC January 28, 1983 DEAC-3049 4 Covering composite material
Claims r, [AJ facing composite material, which can be connected to a reinforcement material, with a facing layer (2) made of a thermoplastic material, which has a facing side and a back, with a nonwoven web (4) , which with its one surface with the back of the facing layer (2) is connected and the other surface (8) is exposed, characterized by continuous threads (5) sewn through the web, between the exposed surface [B) of the web (4) and the back of the covering layer (2) - and are brought in and are connected to the rear side of the covering layer (2) at a large number of spaced-apart locations (9 }_ 2 »Covering composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous threads (5) are sewn through the web (4) in the form of chain stitches, tricot stitches or both types of stitches. BATH ORIGINAL 3246855 3. Covering composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nonwoven web (4) has synthetic fibers 4. Covering composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that marked. that the fleece bann (4) Has polyester fibers. 5. Covering composite material according to one of claims 1 to 4, . characterized by the fact that the end loose threads. (5) have polyester threads - 6. Covering composite material according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the covering layer . (2) made of polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride. . , ■ 7- composite covering material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that dp. R the back the covering layer (2) with the surface -! he fibrous nonwoven web (4) and with the seams sewn through it Continuous filaments (5) is fused. 8. Covering composite material according to one of claims 1 to "7, characterized in that a reinforcing material (3) is connected to the other surface (8) of the nonwoven web (4). 9. Covering composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that the layer of reinforcing material (3) comprises a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin. BATH ORIGINAL 10. Covering composite material according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it forms the wall of a pipe , a container or a tank, the covering layer (2) being an inner lining «, 11. Covering composite material according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the shear stress the shearing of the nonwoven web (4) from the layer of reinforcement material (3) is greater than 1000 N / cm at a temperature of 20 ° C. 12. Covering composite material according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the constant peeling force for peeling off the nonwoven web (4) from the layer of reinforcement material (3) at a temperature of 20 ° C greater than 70 N / cm is. 13. Covering composite material according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the shear stress for shearing off the nonwoven web (4) from the layer of reinforcement material (3) 2 is more than 1000 N / cm at a temperature of 50 °. 14. Covering composite material according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized geke η η ζ calibration η et that the shear stress to shear of the nonwoven web (4) at a temperature of 10O ⁰ C more is on the layer of the reinforcing material (3) and 500 N / cm ^2. BAD ORiGiNAL ν ... l; D "5 "V] 15. Covering composite material according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the constant peeling force for peeling the nonwoven web (4) from the layer of reinforcing material (3) at temperatures of O ⁰ C and 10O ⁰ C at 1 ⁰ C temperature rise with drops to a value of less than 0.1 N / cm. BATH ORIGINAL