DE3231102A1 - Transparent sheet-like plastics element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to transparent sheet-like plastics elements having a layer which substantially reflects IR radiation and/or a property absorbing UV radiation. Sheet-like plastics elements of this type do not substantially restrict the incidence of light in the normal visible range, however they protect against the radiation ranges adjacent to the visible light range. These transparent sheet-like plastics elements are especially suitable as a window pane screen and as a (slatted) blind.

Description

Transparent plastic panel

Description The invention relates to transparent plastic sheet elements and a method for producing such a plastic sheet and its use.

Below is a clear plastic sheet understood both a plastic film, whose film thickness in the range of 1 mm and is below. However, this term also includes plastic sheets understood, the thickness of which can be, for example, in the range from 1 mm to 60 mm. Furthermore, the term transparent plastic sheet elements are elements understood, their optical transparency in terms of distortion, mirroring or darkening in relation to the visible light incident thereon or at least hardly affected.

From building construction it is known, for example, to use normal glass with a To provide coating, or the glass already in the manufacturing process absorbent add anti-reflective properties to the glass or absorbent in certain radiation areas or make reflective. Characteristic for such glass surfaces is a tinted appearance, whereby the normal incidence of light is already noticeable being affected.

In other areas of construction technology there is increasing emphasis on one good insulation. To improve this thermal insulation, with this so far almost exclusively on preventing heat convection, e.g. through the masonry is thought through, the thermal insulation values of the materials used are improved. In other areas, such as window construction, at least double glazing is required, if not even aiming for triple glazing, with between the individual glass surfaces preferably a vacuum is generated.

The problem of heat loss on window surfaces has been in the context of Thermal insulation measures have not yet been given sufficient consideration. In this It must also be taken into account that the thermal radiation in certain cases, E.g. to control the temperature of a room in which this room is to be held back. In In other cases, where shop window displays are thought of, it is in contrast the aim is to keep the incoming heat radiation primarily in the IR range, in order not to overheat the exhibited articles and ultimately thereby to expose a quality impairment.

In a similar way to how there is thermal radiation in the IR range also in relation to UV radiation in special cases the need for this UV radiation for example, hold back from rooms. In this context it is known the normal window glass largely, especially within certain and limited Ranges within the UV range of the electromagnetic wave spectrum relatively strongly absorbed. The remaining permeability is in the UV range however in numerous cases too large to not take additional protective measures to require.

This applies in particular to the shop windows of Stores too, which are exposed to strong sunlight and behind which more or less strongly UV-sensitive objects displayed books, fabrics, postage stamps or light-sensitive works of art. It is common state of the art to use solar radiation in such cases to be switched off with pre-tensioned awnings and / or tinted foils. Disadvantageous at such measures are the costs for the corresponding facilities (awnings), the mostly extensive shielding of any incidence of light and thus the darkening the display and the falsification of the visual aesthetics of the display when in use tinted foils. Another disadvantage of the known devices is that they apart from the always possible, but expensive, electric drives and controls, usually only very cumbersome with manual operation from a stowage position into a functional position and vice versa from a functional position to a stowed position are adjustable. For example, cranking out awnings is one of them cumbersome work such as pulling down foil curtains at points of attack, which are usually placed in the middle of the display window.

In other areas such as nurseries it is disadvantageous that with predominantly Glass greenhouses do not reflect infrared radiation inside the greenhouses takes place, so that this heat radiation is radiated outwards becomes and is thus lost. Similar to greenhouses, there are also normally heated ones Living or office spaces, considerable heat losses due to the unimpeded radiation of IR radiation over the mostly relatively large window areas.

Since normal glass also has the known disadvantages with regard to mechanical Has strength, the invention is based on the object of transparent To create plastic surface elements, in addition to the almost unlimited transparency in the area of visible light a protective function or

Retention function in relation to others adjacent to the visible area Can exercise radiation areas, including a method for their production and their use is to be demonstrated.

This task is performed with a transparent plastic sheet solved by the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 5, respectively. at A method, this object is achieved by the features of claim 10 and a use according to the invention according to claims 11 and 12 specified.

The invention aims, inter alia, to provide effective shielding the thermal radiation, in particular the IR radiation and / or the UV radiation in the case of window surfaces to achieve, whereby an effective reflection or absorption can be guaranteed should without, if so desired, impairing the incidence of visible light is, so without the optical qualities of looking through such Window area can be significantly influenced, with this goal at the same time using simple and cheap mechanisms that should be easily achievable are manageable.

The transparent plastic sheet elements are preferred Made from a crystal clear, impact-resistant and relatively dimensionally stable synthetic resin and in particular consist of a synthetic resin based on polyacrylate, for example so-called Plexiglas, or from corresponding plastics based on polycarbonate. As the infrared radiation, especially in the wavelength range from about 0.76 to about 200 .mu.m reflective layer are preferably noble metals and their oxides and Alloys used. For example, you can do this a copper-gold coating can be used. The procedure for doing this usually takes place in a vacuum, with deposits on the actual plastic sheet form when the metals or their compounds recondense.

The application of the appropriate reflective layer for the IR radiation usually takes place by means of vapor deposition of the corresponding elements or alloys, also a successive vapor deposition of the individual elements or Connections can be made.

While the reflective layer is laid out so that approx.

70 to 100% of the incident infrared radiation is reflected from it the permeability for visible light is not or only very low influenced.

In addition to the possibility of using a single plastic surface layer, it is particularly preferred for foils to combine several surface elements to form a multilayer laminate body build up.

Such a multilayer laminate body can both after formation of the composite body provided on the outside with the reflective layer will. But there is also the option of already using individual surface elements to provide a suitable reflective layer before lamination, so that reflective layers embedded in the finished laminate body are thereby obtained will.

Vaporizing a plastic surface element is particularly advantageous on the inside and outside, as in this case when used as window glass both the radiation in the infrared range of the heat present in the room, but also the IR radiation hitting the window from outside would be reflected. On the one hand, this results in better internal thermal insulation. On the other hand however, in this case it will also be a Heating up the room e.g. in the Avoided summer due to excessive exposure to the sun.

In the other cases where a plastic sheet with UV absorption should be achieved, the materials or synthetic resins used for this stand out due to the relatively high concentration of UV absorbers. This is where the concentration of the UV absorber to be incorporated in each case on the absorption characteristics to be observed in the individual case certainly. UV absorbers are preferred for most purposes those used that are none or negligible in the visible range have low absorption. In principle, any UV absorber is commercially available Available UV absorbers can be used as long as they meet the required absorption specifications fulfill. Hydroxidbenzophenones, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, Cinnamic acid esters and their derivatives as well as oxalanilides and their mixtures are used. In particular when using mixtures of the UV absorbers mentioned, crystal clear Plastic surface elements are obtained that practically in the entire UV range almost are impermeable.

If, for example, these plastic panel elements are used as lamellar curtains, especially as vertical blinds, they can handle even the most sensitive ones Were reliable to protect against the effects of UV radiation without the Reproduction of the objects in the visible area, i.e. in the visual impression of the Viewer, is impaired. This aspect is especially important for those in shop windows exhibited goods, but also e.g. for valuable photosensitive paintings by special meaning.

Just like a multi-layer laminate body with reflective properties for IR radiation from individual surface elements being constructed can, a UV-absorbing plastic sheet-like element can also be produced in the manner of a laminate will. With a laminate structure, the mechanical properties of the Plastic surface element further improved. In addition, there is the possibility of the corresponding reflective or absorbent layers in the middle of the l to arrange aminatkörpers, so that these layers of external, in particular their mechanical Influences remain unaffected. Another option is a multilayer laminate body the possibility of producing the individual layers from different plastics, so that an even better adaptation to the special application requirements is carried out can be.

The transparent surface elements are particularly suitable as protective devices with protective function or retention function against IR and / or UV radiation, whereby a special area of application the use to improve the thermal insulation in With regard to a reflection of the radiant heat in the conventionally used Windows is. For these applications, a reflective property can be used Plastic surface element equipped for infrared radiation, e.g. on the inside of the window frame can be attached as an additional frame that can be attached. Through this ensures that the infrared radiation resulting from the room enters the Space is reflected back. The same possibility is of course available also by such an attachment on the outside to avoid excessive heating of the room from the outside.

In addition to this possible use, there are, as at the beginning mentioned, also in the construction of corresponding garden shed greenhouses areas of application for such plastic surface elements, be it as foils or plates. As a general rule So there is the use of these transparent plastic surface elements there where the natural incidence of light should be largely maintained and at the same time the thermal radiation is reflected or the UV radiation is absorbed target.

A preferred area of these plastic sheet-like elements is the field the slat curtains, including both vertical and horizontal slat blinds be understood. Such lamellar curtains in the context of the invention are flat Separating devices or shields, which both separate parts of the room from one another as well as in particular the separation and / or shielding between window surfaces and serve interiors. Such vertical blinds are known per se and common and consist essentially of lamellas at their upper edge pivotable about its longitudinal axis and displaceable perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, mostly are guided in appropriate rails, suspended. The twisting or pivoting and the slats are often moved using pull cords or pull chains. All these suspension elements, guide elements and operating elements are common Prior art, are not specifically the subject of the invention and therefore require at this point not the detailed explanation.

Vertical louvre curtains have been used for insulation in particular up to now of living rooms or offices opposite window areas, both opposite Incidence of light as well as against unwanted viewing from outside.

The use of slats with transparent plastic panels however, goes in exactly the opposite direction.

These lamellar curtains are used for the use discussed here with an IR-reflecting layer or a UV-absorbing layer, there is no darkening or shielding against normal incidence of light in the visible range, but rather rather, they have a thermal insulation effect or a protective effect, with However the normal incidence of light should remain unimpaired.

This means that it is, for example, in the case of poorly insulating windows possible by attaching a vertical slat curtain with such plastic panel elements to achieve thermal insulation against the outside temperature, as when the Vertical blind, the IR radiation of the room is reflected back. Depending on whether this vertical blind is provided with a UV absorber or not they also serve to absorb externally incident UV radiation when the lamellar curtain is closed to absorb and thus keep from the interior. This type of protective curtain but it is just as easy as it can be connected upstream, through appropriate inclination of the lamellas to be lifted again, so that the originally existing radiation conditions can be restored without great difficulty.

The slats in question here in a vertical slat curtain usually have a width in the range of c. 10 to 15 cm and depending on Requires a height (length) in the range of usually about 1 to 4 m. The width such curtains, that is, the number of side by side in the guide rails The slats to be suspended are determined by the width of the surfaces to be screened, usually window areas and is in principle uncritical.

According to a further development of the invention, the individual slats of the vertical slat curtain so profiled, specially profiled on their longitudinal edges, that they do not only conclude that they are impacted when they are swiveled in one plane, but by chamfers through the formation of grooves and projections or Recesses or bezels are formed on their longitudinal edges, and with respect to adjoining edges of adjacent lamellas complementary in in such a way that the individual slats can overlap. This creates at least essentially closed, opposite one another Main surfaces of the curtain that do not have any translucent gap openings perpendicular to have these main surfaces. This design is on the one hand a complete exclusion of the passage of UV rays or IR rays with minimal Impairment of the optical transmission in the visible range reached.

The invention is illustrated in the following on the basis of exemplary embodiments Connection with the drawing explained in more detail. 1 shows a cross section by building up a part of a plastic sheet with a IR-reflecting layer in a schematic representation of the principle; Fig. 2 shows a multilayer laminate body in section with the reflective layer provided as an outer layer and as an intermediate layer; 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in a schematic representation a vertical louvre curtain viewed from the side with a transverse lamella; Fig. 4 in a schematic representation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 with opposite the illustration of FIG. 3 slats pivoted by 900 in the closed position; and FIG. 5 shows a section along III-III in FIG. 4.

The illustrated in Fig. 1 part of the transparent plastic sheet 10 can be both a thin film and a Be plate element. On the surface 13 or, in the case of a window, for example on the outer surface a relatively very thin layer is applied, which absorbs the infrared heat radiation reflect in a range of 70 to 100%. This reflective layer 14 normally consists of a precious metal or a corresponding alloy and is preferably vapor deposited on the inner surface in a vacuum. The in Fig. 1 The layer thickness relationships shown are not to scale, and rather the In practice, the vapor-deposited reflective layer is much thinner than it is which Fig. 1 reproduces in relation. On the lower surface 12 of the plastic sheet 10 according to FIG. 1 is no further IR-reflecting layer in the exemplary embodiment applied, although this of course in one or in successive Evaporation steps is possible.

Fig. 2 shows fragmentary the cross section through a multilayer laminate body 15, which is essentially made up of three together by means of a suitable adhesion promoter bound individual plastic surface elements 17, 18 and 18 consists. Between Surface elements 17 and 18 is an IR-reflecting layer on the intermediate surface 20 21 provided. Furthermore, in Fig. 2 is also on the lower surface 12 of the surface element 19 a further, in this case outer, reflective IR layer 22 is applied. When arranging such a multilayer laminate body 15 as a window attachment with the upper surface outwards, it is ensured that the reflective layer 21 e.g.

by external influences such as dust and soot deposits and their subsequent Cleaning is not damaged, so that the full reflection effect is retained. Furthermore, there is also the mechanical stability, in particular with regard to bending stress cheaper with reflective layers of this type applied as an intermediate layer than on outer surfaces.

Figures 3 to 5 show a schematic representation of an embodiment of a vertical blind. In an upper guide rail 1 is on rollers 2 slidable and pivotable about a vertical stub axle 3 a lamella 4 hung. In the illustration of FIG. 3, the lamella 4 is oriented so that their displacement perpendicular to their longitudinal axis also perpendicular to their main surface he follows. The lamella 4 is shown in a position in which it is in a Direction or plane lying in the plane of the drawing exerts a minimal locking effect. For the sake of simplicity, the pulling elements known per se are for Moving the slat in the guide rail 1 and pivoting the slat around the journal 3 is not shown.

The lamella 4 consists of a synthetic resin based on polyacrylate, so-called Plexiglass, the 1% 2 (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole and 1% by weight of N, N '- (2-ethyl-2'-etboxy-phenyl) oxalic acid amide. The slat is crystal clear and transparent and is in the UV range between approximately 370 and 250 nm practically completely impermeable.

When the lamella 4 shown in FIG. 3 is pivoted by 900 and flush Closing the individual slats of the curtain is offered in view II of FIG. 3 the image shown schematically in FIG. The one from the slats 4 in a tight fit formed curtain acts like a closed transparent glass pane, The individual Slats 4 have a cross-section in the manner shown in FIG Cross-section in the form of a parallelogram, with the inclined surfaces 4e) of the adjacent edge of each adjacent lamellae 4,4 'each complementary in that way are designed to each other that they are parallel to the main surfaces the Slats 4 of the curtain are at least substantially flush with one another, so that the curtain is superimposed and at least essentially closed Main surfaces 5, 6 and perpendicular to these main surfaces are not translucent Has more gap passages.

The slats 4 can also on their main surfaces 5,6 of the curtain forming surfaces a permeable in the visible range and in the Have a highly reflective metallic vapor layer in the IR range.

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Claims (12)

Transparent plastic surface element Patent claims 1. Transparent Plastic surface element, characterized in that at least one Surface (13) with a layer (14; 21 ;; 22) which is essentially impermeable to IR radiation, is in particular provided with a reflective layer. 2. Plastic sheet element according to claim 1, characterized g e'k e n n z E i c h n e t that several surface elements (17, 18, 19) form a multilayer laminate body (15) form, of which at least one inner and / or intermediate (20) and / or outer surface (12) provided with a layer 21, 22) which essentially reflects IR radiation is. 3. Plastic sheet element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that in each case an IR radiation reflecting outwards or inwards Layer is provided. 4. Plastic surface element according to one of Ansp1.1ti0e 1 lis 3, thereby it is noted that the IR-reflecting layer (14; 21; 22) consists of a Consists of metal, a precious metal and / or their oxides, mixtures and alloys, and is vapor-deposited onto the plastic surface. 5. Transparent plastic surface element, thereby g e k e n n z e i c h e t that it is essentially opaque in the UV range. 6. Plastic sheet element according to claim 6, characterized in that g e k e n n z E i c h e t that the plastic of the sheet element is an effective amount of a Contains commercially available UV absorbers. 7. Plastic sheet element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that several surface elements form a multi-layer laminate body, of which at least one laminate layer is designed to be UV-absorbing. 8. Plastic sheet element according to one of claims 1 to 4 and / or one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it consists of one clear synthetic resin based on polyacrylic or polycarbonate. 9. Plastic sheet element according to one of claims 2,3,4,7, or 8, characterized in that the individual layers (17, 18, 19) of the multilayer laminate body (15) consist of different plastics. 10. A method for producing a plastic sheet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one-sided or An IR reflective layer is applied to both sides of the surface element, in particular is vaporized. 11. Use of a transparent surface element according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 as a protective device against IR and / or UV radiation, in particular as a window pane attachment and as a lamella curtain. 12. Use according to claim 11 as a vertical louvre curtain in which the slats (4) of the curtain on their longitudinal edge (7) with mutually complementary Projections and recesses, bevels (8) or chamfers provided in the way are that the slats when pivoting in a common plane at least substantially form closed, opposing main surfaces (5,6), and none have light-permeable gap passages perpendicular to these main surfaces.