DE3230227A1 - Feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige moertel oder kitte fuer feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige steine, insbesondere leichtsteine und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige moertel oder kitte fuer feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige steine, insbesondere leichtsteine und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- DE3230227A1 DE3230227A1 DE19823230227 DE3230227A DE3230227A1 DE 3230227 A1 DE3230227 A1 DE 3230227A1 DE 19823230227 DE19823230227 DE 19823230227 DE 3230227 A DE3230227 A DE 3230227A DE 3230227 A1 DE3230227 A1 DE 3230227A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- weight
- fire
- refractory
- aluminum oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GGROONUBGIWGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] GGROONUBGIWGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011469 building brick Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 however Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940024546 aluminum hydroxide gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823230227 DE3230227A1 (de) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige moertel oder kitte fuer feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige steine, insbesondere leichtsteine und deren verwendung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823230227 DE3230227A1 (de) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige moertel oder kitte fuer feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige steine, insbesondere leichtsteine und deren verwendung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3230227A1 true DE3230227A1 (de) | 1984-02-16 |
| DE3230227C2 DE3230227C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-07-23 |
Family
ID=6170839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823230227 Granted DE3230227A1 (de) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige moertel oder kitte fuer feuerfeste oder feuerbestaendige steine, insbesondere leichtsteine und deren verwendung |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3230227A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0856037B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-05-06 | Pem Abrasifs-Refractaires | Grains abrasifs a base d'alumine et procede de preparation de ces grains |
| RU2145311C1 (ru) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-02-10 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Керам" | Способ изготовления огнеупорных силикатных материалов для футеровки вагонеток обжига кирпича и других тепловых агрегатов |
| RU2148565C1 (ru) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-05-10 | Шатохин Игорь Михайлович | Высокоглиноземистый мертель |
| RU2437854C1 (ru) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" | Способ изготовления жаростойкой бетонной смеси на шлакощелочном вяжущем и способ изготовления изделий из жаростойкой бетонной смеси |
| RU2731754C1 (ru) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-09-08 | Руслан Рашидович Ахтямов | Жаростойкий шлакощелочной бетон |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2737949C1 (ru) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-12-07 | Руслан Рашидович Ахтямов | Жаростойкий шлакощелочной бетон |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1856613A (en) * | 1925-12-19 | 1932-05-03 | Ackermann Hugo | Process of producing refractory, acid-proof and other ceramically bonded products |
| AT242047B (de) * | 1961-05-09 | 1965-08-25 | Didier Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung feuerfester Massen und Gegenstände |
-
1982
- 1982-08-13 DE DE19823230227 patent/DE3230227A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1856613A (en) * | 1925-12-19 | 1932-05-03 | Ackermann Hugo | Process of producing refractory, acid-proof and other ceramically bonded products |
| AT242047B (de) * | 1961-05-09 | 1965-08-25 | Didier Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung feuerfester Massen und Gegenstände |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| BUDNIKOV: Technologie der keramischen Erzeugnisse, Moskau 1950, S. 382-386 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0856037B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-05-06 | Pem Abrasifs-Refractaires | Grains abrasifs a base d'alumine et procede de preparation de ces grains |
| RU2145311C1 (ru) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-02-10 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Керам" | Способ изготовления огнеупорных силикатных материалов для футеровки вагонеток обжига кирпича и других тепловых агрегатов |
| RU2148565C1 (ru) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-05-10 | Шатохин Игорь Михайлович | Высокоглиноземистый мертель |
| RU2437854C1 (ru) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" | Способ изготовления жаростойкой бетонной смеси на шлакощелочном вяжущем и способ изготовления изделий из жаростойкой бетонной смеси |
| RU2731754C1 (ru) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-09-08 | Руслан Рашидович Ахтямов | Жаростойкий шлакощелочной бетон |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3230227C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-07-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |