DE3049070C1 - Centrifugal broadcaster, especially for the application of fertilizers - Google Patents

Description

50

The invention relates to a centrifugal spreader according to the preamble of claim 1.

DE-AS 28 05 879 already has one such Centrifugal spreader became known. With this centrifugal spreader, the centrifugal discs can counteract Throwing discs with other vertical throwing angles can be exchanged. This makes it possible change the effective spreading width with the help of the centrifugal discs.

However, the disadvantage of this centrifugal spreader is that with the available centrifugal discs only spread patterns are achievable, the edge zones tapering either flat or steeper on both sides exhibit.

,. In the equipment with centrifugal discs, through which a spread pattern with steeply sloping edge zones is achieved, the centrifugal spreader is suitable better than when equipped with the other centrifugal discs for spreading field verges, because here, while maintaining a uniform scattering strength up to the edge of the field, significantly less Amounts of fertilizer are spread on neighboring fields, adjacent paths or in ditches. Yet if these quantities are still too large for many conditions, taking environmental protection into account, see above that it cannot be avoided to sprinkle the field margins with an outwardly sloping scattering strength. A further disadvantage of such a spread pattern is that it is very sensitive to cross winds; i.e., that even a slight lateral shifting of the spread pattern, for example by cross winds in such a way has an unfavorable effect that strongly over-fertilized or under-fertilized strips within the overlap zones of the individual scatter tracks arise. Furthermore, a very precise connection process is a prerequisite for a uniform spreading of the entire field area.

In contrast, the centrifugal spreader is equipped with a flat edge zone spreading pattern generating centrifugal disks the great advantage that a not too precise connection method is required is because the edge zones overlap to a large extent and therefore also when the Spreading paths to each other a sufficiently uniform spreading strength over the entire area to be sprinkled is achieved. On the other hand, field edge strips with such centrifugal discs cannot be used at all fertilize with sufficient spreading accuracy, if not large amounts of fertilizer over the field edge may be sprinkled.

Furthermore, DE-OS 28 04 253 a centrifugal spreader with two equipped with throwing elements Centrifugal discs known, with the fertilizers independently of each other the two centrifugal discs can be supplied in adjustable quantities.

This centrifugal spreader is characterized by the fact that in the spreading work not only one in itself, but A spread pattern that is symmetrical to the center of the spreader can also be achieved. On the other hand, it is possible through Shutting off the fertilizer supply to a centrifugal disc the effective spreading width of the machine on the Half, which then results in a spread pattern laterally to the center of the spreader. Through this Measure narrower field margins can be sprinkled. But since only with one Centrifugal disc achieved spread pattern is approximately symmetrical in itself, occur for the field edge spreading the same disadvantages as with the centrifugal spreader described above.

In addition, DE-GM 17 57 834 already has a centrifugal spreader with an adjustable throwing element equipped centrifugal disc became known. With this centrifugal spreader, the spreading width by changing the length of the throwing elements and by varying the angle of the Throwing elements can be changed. This makes it possible to use the last strip of a parcel, which is narrower than the normal spreading width to be sprinkled, because for the strip still to be fertilized the required spreading width can be set.

However, the disadvantage of this centrifugal spreader is that the setting is cumbersome with gauges and after Tables must be made. Time-consuming spreading tests are then required to achieve the set spreading width to check whether actually

ORiGIiNSAL! NSPECTED

the required spread is also achieved. Furthermore, the inflow of fertilizer has to be added to the Diffuser will be reduced according to the reduction in the spreading width to on the last Strips to apply the same amount of fertilizer per unit area as on the rest of the field.

Furthermore, this centrifugal spreader has the disadvantage that although the spreading width is achieved by adjusting the Throwing elements is changed, but the scattering strength in the edge zone of the spreading pattern towards the edge of the field remains unchanged. The disadvantages described at the beginning therefore also occur with this centrifugal spreader on.

The invention is based on the object of changing the spread pattern of a centrifugal spreader in this way can that even if the effective spreading width is adhered to, field edge strips with the same amount of fertilizer per unit area; d. H. Stray strength, how to sprinkle the rest of the field without Fertilizers are thrown over the edge of the field. Here is compliance with the effective Spreading width at the field edges, especially when using the centrifugal spreader using the Tramline method advantageous.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. As a result These measures produce a spread pattern with a spreading intensity that drops steeply in an outer edge zone. This is due to the fact that the fertilizer particles on the one hand by the invention Employment or arrangement of the throwing elements and on the other hand by reducing the distance the outer part of the throwing elements to the drive axle; d. H. by reducing the discharge speed, are thrown less far outwards. This has the advantage that in each case on the The side of the spread pattern facing the inside of the field maintains the advantageously large overlap of the edge zones remains and that a sufficiently large scattering strength is achieved at the edge of the field without Wasting fertilizer.

In order to use a spreading device in the case of centrifugal spreaders, in which the outer drive shafts of the Rotate centrifugal discs in opposite directions of rotation, with only one border spreading disc get by, it is necessary that the direction of rotation of the border spreading disc under mirror image Change in the spreading pattern is reversible.

Here, the invention seeks to achieve a particularly expedient distribution of the fertilizers suggest that the angles between the central areas of the throwing elements are equal.

To take advantage of the border spreading discs for both normal and late top dressing can, the invention provides that border spreading discs with different vertical throw angles are provided.

It is also proposed that at least one holder for the centrifugal disks on the centrifugal spreader or for the border spreading discs is available. This ensures that the required Centrifugal or border spreading discs are always available at the place of use of the machine.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Here shows F i g. 1 a centrifugal spreader according to the invention in a view from the rear with spreading images,

F i g. 2 the border spreading disc in the view from above and

Fig. 3 the same border spreading disc in section HI-III.

The centrifugal spreader 1 is equipped with the exchangeable centrifugal discs 2. Above the Centrifugal disks 2, the storage container 3 is arranged, from which the centrifugal disks 2 the Fertilizers are supplied in adjustable amounts in a known and therefore not shown manner.

When using the centrifugal spreader 1 with the centrifugal discs 2, the symmetrical spreading pattern is created 4 with the flat edge zones 5, the one to the left of the center line 6 by the solid line 7 and to the right of the center line 6 is delimited by the dash-dotted line 8.

However, if the right centrifugal disc 2 is exchanged for the boundary spreading disc 9, which is attached to the centrifugal spreader 1 with the aid of the bracket 10 when not in use, the result is the asymmetrical spread pattern 11 with the edge zone 12 falling steeply to the right of the center line 6 effective spread E up to the field edge 13 reaches the spread strength ^.

The in the F i g. The border spreading disc 9 shown in FIG. 2 is equipped with the throwing elements 14 and 15. The throwing elements 14 are positioned radially outward, while the throwing elements 15 are arranged in a mirror image with the angle ß, to the tangents 17 applied to the circular paths 16 of the throwing elements 15, on the border spreading disc 9. Such an arrangement of the throwing elements 15 makes it possible to drive the boundary spreading disc 9 both in the direction of rotation 18 and in the direction of rotation 19. So that the scatter fans resulting from the individual throwing elements 14, 15 can overlap evenly, the angles γ between these throwing elements are the same size.

The border spreading disc 9 is rotatably fixed with the help of the hub 20, the groove 21 and the feather key 22 with one of the two drive shafts 23 connected. For this purpose it only needs to be placed on the drive shaft 23 and with the aid of the securing element 24 to be secured against axial displacement.

The F i g. 3 shows the border spreading disc 9 with the vertical throwing angle oc with which the fertilizer particles are thrown off the disc. A border spreading disc 9 with a small throwing angle λ is to be selected for normal fertilization and a larger throwing angle α for late top dressing.

The throwing elements 15 are positioned in such a way that the throwing element 25, which is set to lead in the direction of rotation 18 in relation to its outer part in relation to the radial beam, delivers the steeply sloping edge zone 12, while the one which is set in the direction of rotation in relation to its outer part, lagging behind the radial beam Throwing element 26 ensures the gradual decrease 27 of the scattering strength. The radially positioned throwing elements 14 fill the area 28 between the areas 12 and 27 sprinkled by the throwing elements 15 up to the uniform scattering strength S.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Centrifugal spreader, in particular for spreading fertilizers, the driven spreading device has two centrifugal disks equipped with throwing elements, which are arranged on a drive shaft so as to be exchangeable for other centrifugal disks and to which the fertilizers can be supplied in adjustable quantities, characterized in that one is also exchanged with one Border spreading disc (9) equipped with spreading elements is provided, the border spreading disc (9) optionally being attachable to one or the other of the two outer drive shafts (23) so that the border spreading disc (9) has at least one radially positioned spreading element (14) and at least two angularly symmetrical, with the angle (ß) to the tangents (17) applied to the circular paths (16) of the outer parts of the throwing elements (15), inclined throwing elements (15), and that the outer parts of the throwing elements (14, 15) of the boundary spreading disc ( 9) to the drive shaft (23) a smaller distance than the outer one Have parts of the throwing elements of the remaining slingshot discs (2). 2. centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal discs (2, 9) the fertilizers in a manner known per se, independently of one another, in adjustable amounts are supplied. 3. centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of rotation (18,19) of the Border spreading disc (9) is reversible with a mirror image change in the spreading pattern. 4. centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles (γ) between the central areas of the throwing elements (14, 15) are equal. 5. centrifugal spreader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that border spreading discs (9) are provided with different vertical throwing angles (<%). 6. centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal spreader (1) at least a holder (10) for the centrifugal discs (2) or for the border spreading discs (9) is provided is.