DE3045996A1 - Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon - Google Patents

Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon

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Publication number
DE3045996A1
DE3045996A1 DE19803045996 DE3045996A DE3045996A1 DE 3045996 A1 DE3045996 A1 DE 3045996A1 DE 19803045996 DE19803045996 DE 19803045996 DE 3045996 A DE3045996 A DE 3045996A DE 3045996 A1 DE3045996 A1 DE 3045996A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
operating mode
output
contacts
data
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19803045996
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German (de)
Inventor
Luca Dipl.-Ing. Garabet
Herbert Ing.(grad.) 2000 Hamburg Hüttich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smiths Medical Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Medic Eschmann Handelsgesellschaft fuer Medizinische Instrumente mbH
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Priority to DE19803045996 priority Critical patent/DE3045996A1/en
Publication of DE3045996A1 publication Critical patent/DE3045996A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/0091Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00916Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00928Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device by sending a signal to an external energy source
    • A61B2018/00934Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device by sending a signal to an external energy source the signal being non electric, e.g. pneumatic, hydraulic, optical

Abstract

The electro-surgical scalpel has two switches on the hand held instrument which enable the surgeon to remotely increase or decrease the output of the power supply. This may be achieved by electro-mechanical or electronic means. When one of the two switches (K1, K2) on the hand held instrument is closed, a reversible motor (M) drives the slider of the potmeter (R) in the power supply forward or backward, thus controlling the current supply to the instrument. Alternately, closing one of the switches generates a ramp voltage which controls the internal resistance of a semiconductor device.

Description

ELEKTRO - CHIRURGIEGERAT ELECTRICAL SURGERY DEVICE

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektro-Chirurgiegerät mit einem Umschalter für die Betriebsarten ~monopölar" und "bipolar" und mit einem weiteren, in der Betriebsart "monopolar" wirksamen Umschalter zwischen den Betriebsarten "schneiden" und "koagulieren", sowie mit mindestens einem einstellbaren Widerstand zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung in der jeweiligen Betriebsart, wobei bei monopolarem Betrieb ein Ausgangsanschluß des Gerätes über die Plattenelektrode mit dem Körper des Patienten und der andere Ausgangsanschluß mit einer sogenannten aktiven, vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrode verbunden ist und im bipolaren Betrieb beide Ausgangsanschlüsse mit zwei von dem Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektroden, die vorzugsweise als Pinzette mit voneinander isolierten Branchen ausgebildet sind, verbunden sind.The invention relates to an electrosurgical device with a switch for the operating modes ~ monopolar "and" bipolar "and with another one in the operating mode "monopolar" effective switch between the operating modes "cut" and "coagulate", as well as with at least one adjustable resistor for setting the output power in the respective operating mode, with one output connection in the case of monopolar operation of the device via the plate electrode with the patient's body and the other Output connection with a so-called active electrode to be handled by the surgeon is connected and in bipolar mode both output ports with two of the Surgeons handle electrodes, preferably as forceps with one another isolated branches are formed, are connected.

Derartige Elektro-Chirurgiegeräte, die überwiegend in Halbleitertechnik aufgebaut sind, sind bekannt. Sie enthalten im wewesentlichen einen Generator, der eine Freauenz von einigen Hundert Kilohertz erzeugt, einen meist nur in der Betriebsart "koagulieren" wirksamen Modulator, einen Leistungs- oder Endverstärker und verschiedene Sicherheits- und Warnschaltungen zur Verhinderung von Fehlbedienungen. In der Betriebsart "schneiden" wird mit einer verhältnismäßig hohen Ausgangsleistung gearbeitet, die einen ständigen Lichtbogenübergang zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem Gewebe zur Folge hat, so daß dieses mit der entsprechend ausgebildeten Elektrode wie mit einem Skalpell durchtrennt werden kann. In der Betriebsart "koagulieren" wird das hochfrequente Ausgangssignal des Generators mittels des Modulators in Impulse mit einer Dauer von beispielsweise 10 /t£ und einer Pause von beispielsweise 40 jts umgewandelt und gleichzeitig wird die Ausgangsleistung herabgesetzt. Diese Betriebsart wird bevorzugt zum Verschließen von Blutgefäßen benutzt.Such electrosurgical devices, which are predominantly in semiconductor technology are built are known. They essentially contain a generator that Generates a frenzy of a few hundred kilohertz, usually only in the operating mode "coagulate" effective modulator, a power or final amplifier and various Safety and warning circuits to prevent operating errors. In the operating mode "Cut" is worked with a relatively high output power a constant arc transition between the active electrode and the tissue has the consequence, so that this with the correspondingly designed electrode as with can be severed with a scalpel. In the "coagulate" operating mode high-frequency output signal of the generator by means of the modulator in pulses with a duration for example 10 / t £ and a pause of for example 40 jts converted and at the same time the output power is reduced. These Operating mode is preferably used to close blood vessels.

Gegebenenfalls ist auch eine gemischte Betriebsart "schneiden/ koagulieren" möglich, bei der mit einer längeren Impulsdauer, einer kürzeren Impulspause und gegenüber der Betriebsart koagulieren erhöhter Ausgangsleistung gearbeitet wird.If necessary, a mixed operating mode "cut / coagulate" is also possible possible with the one with a longer pulse duration, a shorter pulse pause and compared to the coagulate operating mode, increased output power is used.

Da für die verschiedenen in Betracht kommenden Einsatzfälle des Elektro-Chirurgiegerätes ganz unterschiedliche Ausgangsleistungen benötigt werden, ist die Leistung zwischen einem Minimalwert nahe Null und einem Maximalwert, der bei mehreren Hundert Watt liegen kann, einstellbar. Die Einstellung erfolgt gewöhnlich für die einzelnen Betriebsarten über getrennte Potentiometer oder Stufenschalter, die z.B. die Höhe der Versorgungsspannung des Endverstärkers steuern. Diese Versorgungsspannung wird hierzu einem Netzgerät mit regelbarer oder zumindest steuerbarer Ausgangsspannung entnommen. Die Schaltungstechniken für solche Netzgeräte sind bekannt und brauchen daher vorliegend nicht im einzelnen erläutert zu werden. Um lediglich ein Beispiel zu nennen, kann das Netzgerät eine Phasenanschnittschaltung mit einem Thyristor oder Triac enthalten, dessen Zündwinkel sich in Abhängigkeit von der Einstellung des Potentiometers oder Stufenschalters verändert.As for the various possible uses of the electrosurgical device very different output powers are required, the power is between a minimum value close to zero and a maximum value that is several hundred watts can be adjustable. The setting is usually made for the individual operating modes Via separate potentiometers or step switches, for example the level of the supply voltage of the power amplifier. This supply voltage is used for this purpose in a power supply unit taken with adjustable or at least controllable output voltage. The circuit techniques for such network devices are known and therefore do not need any details here to be explained. To give just one example, the power supply unit can have a Phase control circuit with a thyristor or triac included, the firing angle depending on the setting of the potentiometer or step switch changes.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen, vor allem zur Vermeidung von Verbrennungen, wird die Ausgangsspannung des Gerätes an die vom Chirurgen zu handhabende Elektrode (im monopolaren Betrieb) bzw. an die Elektroden (im bipolaren Betrieb) nur so lange angelegt, wie sie tatsächlich benötigt wird. Dies kann entweder über einen als Momentkontakt ausgebildeten, vom Chirurgen zu betätigenden Fußschalter oder über einen gleichartigen, in den Elektrodenträger und -handgriff eingebauten und vom Chirurgen mit dem Finger zu betätigenden Taster geschehen. Das Betätigen des Fußschalters oder des Fingerschalters löst dann über einen in dem Elektro-Chirurgiegerät enthaltenen Hilfsstromkreis das Anschwingen des Generators aus oder läßt in anderer Weise die hochfrequente Ausgangsspannung des Gerätes an die Elektroden gelangen.For safety reasons, especially to avoid burns, becomes the output voltage of the device to the electrode to be handled by the surgeon (in monopolar operation) or to the electrodes (in bipolar operation) only for so long created as it is actually needed. This can either be via a momentary contact trained foot switch to be operated by the surgeon or via a similar, built into the electrode holder and handle and used by the surgeon with the finger to be actuated button happen. Pressing the Foot switch or the finger switch then triggers via one contained in the electrosurgical unit Auxiliary circuit, the oscillation of the generator off or in another way leaves the high-frequency output voltage of the device reach the electrodes.

Entsprechend den unterschiedlichen physiologischen Wirkungen des zwischen den Elektroden in den Betriebsarten "schneiden" und "koagulieren" fließenden Stromes ergibt sich häufig die Notwendigkeit, zwischen diesen Betriebsarten mehrfach umzuschalten. Für eine ferngesteuerte Umschaltung sind hierzu bereits Doppelfußschalter oder Doppelfingerschalter bekannt, die bei Betätigung des einen Kontaktes das Gerät z.B. in der Betriebsart "schneiden" mit der voreingestellten Ausgangsleistung und bei Betätigung des anderen Kontaktes das Gerät dann in der Betriebsart "koagulieren" mit der hierfür voreingestellten Leistung aktivieren. Die Rückmeldung über die jeweils aktivierte Betriebsart erhält der Chirurg optisch durch verschiedenfarbige Signallampen und /oder akustisch in Form von unterschiedlich hohen Tönen.According to the different physiological effects of the between the electrodes in the operating modes "cut" and "coagulate" the flowing current there is often the need to switch between these operating modes several times. There are already double foot switches or double finger switches for remote controlled switching known that when one contact is actuated the device e.g. in the operating mode "cut" with the preset output power and when the other is activated Contact the device in the "coagulate" operating mode with the preset Activate performance. Receives the feedback about the respectively activated operating mode the surgeon optically through different colored signal lamps and / or acoustically in Form of different high notes.

Im Verlaufe einer Operation, bei der die verschiedensten Gewebe durchtrennt werden, muß aber nicht nur mehrfach zwischen den beiden genannten Betriebsarten umgeschaltet werden, sondern es ist häufig zur Erzielung optimaler Ergebnisse auch eine Änderung der in der jeweiligen Betriebsart eingestellten Ausgangsleistung notwendig. Bei den bisher bekannten Geräten ist hierzu eine ilfserso erforderlich, die nach Anweisung des Chirurgen die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes in der jeweiligen Betriebsart ändert. Dem Chirurgen selbst kann die unmittelbare Gerätebedienung nicht zugemutet werden, da das Operationsfeld seine volle Aufmerksamkeit erfordert. Unabhängig von diesem Gesichtspunkt ist dem Chirurgen die Bedienung des Gerätes aber auch deshalb nicht möglich, weil das Elektro-Chirurgiegerät im Normalfall während einer Operation im unsterilen Bereich steht. Die Tatsache, daß sonach allein für die Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung des Elektro-Chirurgiegerätes teilweise ununterbrochen über mehrere Stunden hinweg eine Bedienperson erforderlich ist, der der Chirurg fortlaufend Anweisungen erteilen und deren Ausführung er überwachen muß, erweist sich als außerordentlich unbefriedigend, zumal hierdurch die Konzentrationsfähigkeit des Chirurgen zusätzlich in Anspruch genommen wird.During an operation in which a wide variety of tissues are severed must, however, not only have to be repeated several times between the two operating modes mentioned to be switched, but it is often used for best results as well it is necessary to change the output power set in the respective operating mode. In the previously known devices this requires an ilfserso, which according to Instruction of the surgeon the output power of the device in the respective operating mode changes. Direct operation of the device cannot be expected of the surgeon himself as the operating field requires his full attention. Independent of From this point of view, however, the surgeon is also keen to operate the device not possible because the electrosurgical unit is normally used during an operation is in the non-sterile area. The fact that, therefore, solely for the setting the Output power of the electrosurgical unit partially uninterrupted over several An operator is required for hours, to whom the surgeon continuously instructs grant and the execution of which he has to supervise, proves to be extraordinary unsatisfactory, especially as this also increases the surgeon's ability to concentrate is used.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Elektro-Chirurgiegerät der eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, dessen Ausgangsleistung vom Chirurgen fernsteuerbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of an electrosurgical device of the type mentioned at the outset to create its output power from the surgeon is remotely controllable.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Wert des die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes bestimmenden Widerstandes durch Betätigung eines ersten, in dem Griff der vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrode(n) untergebrachten und mit dem Gerät elektrisch verbundenen Kontaktes vergrößerbar und durch Betätigung eines zweiten, gleichartigen Kontaktes verkleinerbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the value of the the output power of the device determining resistance by actuating a first, placed in the handle of the electrode (s) to be handled by the surgeon and with the device electrically connected contact can be enlarged and operated a second, similar contact can be reduced in size.

Diese Lösung hat den Vorteil, die bisher notwendige Hilfsperson zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes überflüssig zu machen, so daß die Ausgangsleistung des Elektrochirurgiegerätes unmittelbar vom Chirurgen fernbedient einstellbar ist.This solution has the advantage of providing the previously necessary helper Adjustment of the output power of the device to make unnecessary, so that the output power of the electrosurgical device can be set remotely directly by the surgeon.

Hierdurch entfallen auch die bisher unvermeidlichen zeitlichen Verzögerungen und Fehlbedienungen aufgrund von Hörfehlern oder anderen Mißverständnissen zwischen dem Chirurgen und der Hilfsperson.This also eliminates the previously unavoidable time delays and operating errors due to hearing impairments or other misunderstandings between the surgeon and the assistant.

Die Ansprüche 2 und 3 betreffen Weiterbildungen des Gerätes, die dem Chirurgen unmittelbar anzeigen, welche Ausgangsleistung er vorgewählt bzw. eingestellt hat.The claims 2 and 3 relate to developments of the device that the Surgeons can immediately see which output power has been selected or set Has.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung läßt sich sowohl elektromechanisch als auch elektronisch, im letzteren Fall entweder in analoger oder in digitaler Schaltungstechnik verwirklichen.The basic idea of the invention can be both electromechanical as well as electronically, in the latter case either in analogue or in digital Realize circuit technology.

Die Ansprüche 4 und 5 betreffen elektromechanische Lösungen.Claims 4 and 5 relate to electromechanical solutions.

Der Anspruch 6 betrifft eine Ausführungsform in analoger Schaltungstechnik.Claim 6 relates to an embodiment in analog circuit technology.

Der Anspruch 7 bezieht sich auf eine Ausführungsform in gemischter digital/ analoger Schaltungstechnik.Claim 7 relates to an embodiment in mixed form digital / analog circuit technology.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform in rein digitaler Schaltungstechnik ist im Anspruch 8 angegeben.A particularly preferred embodiment in purely digital circuit technology is specified in claim 8.

Die Ansprüche 9 bis 15 sind auf Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieser Ausführungsformen gerichtet.Claims 9 to 15 relate to further developments and advantageous refinements directed to these embodiments.

Das Elektro-Chirurgiegerät nach der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung erläutert, in der verschiedene Ausführungsformen im Blockschaltbild dargestellt sind. Es zeigt: Figur 1 - eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Elektro-Chirurgiegerätes nach dem Stand der Technik Figur 2 - ein Schaltbild zur Erläuterung des Grundgedankens der Erfindung, Figur 3 - eine erste Ausführungsform einer elektromechanischen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur 4 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schaltung zur akustischen Signalisierung und zur optischen Anzeige der eingestellten Ausgangsleistung, Figur 5 - eine zweite Ausführungsform einer elektromechanischen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur 6 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer im wesentlichen analog arbeitenden elektrischen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur 7 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer digital/analog arbeitenden Fernsteuerschaltung Figur 8 - ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer im wesentlichen digitalen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur 9 - eine Ausführungsform der Digitalschaltung nach Figur 8 in Verbindung mit einer optischen und einer akustischen Anzeige, Figur 10 - ein vereinfachtes Schaltbild einer Digitalschaltung für die Fernsteuerung eines Elektrocirurieerätes mit rnehrercn fletriebqnrten.The electrosurgical device according to the invention is based on the following the drawing explains in the various embodiments in the block diagram are shown. It shows: FIG. 1 - a simplified representation of an electrosurgical device according to the prior art Figure 2 - a circuit diagram to explain the basic idea of the invention, Figure 3 - a first embodiment of an electromechanical remote control circuit, Figure 4 - an embodiment of a circuit for acoustic signaling and for the visual display of the set output power, Figure 5 - a second Embodiment of an electromechanical remote control circuit, Figure 6 - an embodiment an electrical remote control circuit that works essentially analogously, FIG 7 - an embodiment of a digital / analog operating remote control circuit figure 8 - another embodiment of an essentially digital remote control circuit, FIG. 9 - an embodiment of the digital circuit according to FIG. 8 in connection with an optical and an acoustic display, Figure 10 - a simplified circuit diagram a digital circuit for the remote control of an electro-surgical device with rnehrercn fletriebqnrten.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Elektrochirurgiegerät nach dem Stand der Technik besteht im wesentlichen aus einem eine hochfrequente Schwingung erzeugenden Generator 1, dem ein steuerbarer Modulator 2 nachgeschaltet ist, auf den ein ebenfalls steuerbarer End- oder Leistungsverstärker 3 folgt. An die Ausgänge 4, 5 sind verschiedene, nicht dargestellte Behandlungselektroden anschließbar.The electrosurgical device shown in Fig. 1 according to the prior art Technology essentially consists of a high-frequency vibration generating Generator 1, which is followed by a controllable modulator 2, to which a likewise controllable final or power amplifier 3 follows. At the outputs 4, 5 are different, Treatment electrodes, not shown, can be connected.

Ein derartiges Elektrochirurgiegerät ist gewöhnlich zwischen den Betriebsarten monopolar und "bipolar" umschaltbar sowie in der Betriebsart "monopolar" zwischen den Betriebsarten schneiden und "koagulieren" umschaltbar. In jeder Betriebsart ist die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes getrennt einstellbar.Such an electrosurgical device is usually between the modes of operation monopolar and "bipolar" switchable as well as in the operating mode "monopolar" between the operating modes cut and "coagulate" switchable. In every operating mode the output power of the device can be set separately.

Zur Umschaltung zwischen der monopolaren und der bipolaren Betriebsart dient ein Schalter S 1, zur Umschaltung zwischen den Betriebsarten schneiden und "koagulieren" dient ein Schalter S 2. Der Schalter S 2 kann in nicht näher dargestellter Weise vom Chirurgen über einen Fußschalter oder einen Fingerschalter betätigt werden. Die Kontakte der Schalter S 1, S 2 sind derart -zusammengeschaltet, daß einerseits der Modulator 2 über seine Steuereingänge 2a und 2b das der jeweils gewählten Betriebsart entsprechende Steuersignal erhält und daß andererseits für jede Betriebsart ein gesondertes Potentiometer Rs, Rk, Rb zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes wirksam wirkt. Im vorliegenden Fall liegt das jeweilige Potentiometer entsprechend der Stellung der Schalter S1, S2 am Steuereingang eines Netzgerätes 6, das über seinen Ausgang 6a die Versorgungsspannung für den-Endverstärker 3 liefert, so daß die Amplitude dessen hochfrequenten, ggf. durch den Modulator 2 impulsmodulierten Ausgangssignales an den Ausgängen 4,5 etwa proportional zur Ausgangsspannung des Netzgerätes 6 ist. Die Ausgangsspannung des Netzgerätes 6 ist ihrerseits etwa proportional zudem an dem betreffenden Potentiometer, im dargestellten Fall an dem Potentiometer Rs, eingestellten Widerstandswert.For switching between monopolar and bipolar operating modes A switch S 1 is used to switch between the operating modes and cut A switch S 2 is used to "coagulate". The switch S 2 can not be shown in any more detail Can be operated by the surgeon via a foot switch or a finger switch. The contacts of the switches S 1, S 2 are interconnected in such a way that on the one hand the modulator 2 via its control inputs 2a and 2b that of the respectively selected operating mode receives corresponding control signal and that on the other hand for each operating mode separate potentiometer Rs, Rk, Rb for setting the output power of the device works effectively. In the present case is the respective potentiometer according to the position of switches S1, S2 at the control input of a power supply unit 6, which supplies the supply voltage for the output amplifier 3 via its output 6a, so that the amplitude of its high-frequency, possibly pulse-modulated by the modulator 2 Output signal at the outputs 4.5 approximately proportional to the output voltage of the Power supply 6 is. The output voltage of the power supply unit 6 is for its part approximately proportional also on the relevant potentiometer, in the illustrated case on the potentiometer Rs, set resistance value.

Die Steuerung der Ausrangsleistunr kann selbstverstndlich auch 1 ri anderer Weise verwirklicllt, zzr. auch durch eine erltsprechende Regelung ersetzt werden, bei der dann der an dem betreffenden Potentiometer eingestellte Widerstandswert als SOLL-Wert-Geber arbeitet. Die das Netzgerät 6 steuernde Eingangsgröße kann sowohl unmittelbar der Widerstandswert als auch ein dem eingestellten Widerstandswert proportionaler Strom oder eine proportionale Spannung sein.The control of the output power can of course also be 1 ri realized in another way, zzr. also replaced by an appropriate regulation at which the resistance value set on the relevant potentiometer works as a setpoint encoder. The input variable controlling the power supply unit 6 can both directly the resistance value as well as one proportional to the set resistance value Be a current or a proportional voltage.

Die Steuerung des Modulators 2 ist hier nur schematisch dargestellt und kann beispielsweise so ausgelegt werden, daß der Modulator 2 dann, wenn sein Steuereingang 2a in der der gezeichneten Schalterstellung entsprechenden Betriebsart "schneiden" auf Masse gelegt wird, unwirksam ist, also dem hochfrequenten Generatorsignal keine Modulation aufgeprägt wird, daß der Modulator 2 hingegen eine Impulsmodulation in jeder anderen Betriebsart erzeugt, nämlich dann, wenn sein Eingang 2b auf Masse liegt.The control of the modulator 2 is only shown schematically here and can be designed, for example, so that the modulator 2 then if Control input 2a in the operating mode corresponding to the switch position shown "cut" is placed on ground, is ineffective, so the high-frequency generator signal no modulation is impressed, that the modulator 2, however, a pulse modulation generated in any other operating mode, namely when its input 2b is at ground lies.

Der Modulator 2 kann selbstverständlich noch weitere Steuereingänge haben, z.B. für eine Betriebsart mischen, die grundsätzlich der Betriebsart "schneiden" entspricht, wobei jedoch zusätzlich das Hochfrequenzsignal impulsmoduliert wird, und zwar mit einer gegenüber der Betriebsart koagulieren längeren Impulsdauer.The modulator 2 can of course also have additional control inputs have, e.g. mix for an operating mode that basically corresponds to the "cutting" operating mode corresponds, however, the high-frequency signal is also pulse-modulated, with a longer pulse duration than in the coagulate operating mode.

Wegen der für elektromedizinische Geräte geltenden, strengen Sicherheitsbestimmungen, aber auch deshalb, weil eine unbeabsichtigte Aktivierung der mit den Ausgängen 4,5 verbundenen Elektroden oder eine Aktivierung in einer für den betreffenden Anwendungsfall ungeeigneten Betriebsart zu erheblichen Verbrennungen des Patienten oder des Chirurgen führen kann, enthalten die üblichen Elektrochirürgiegeräte eine Reihe von Sicherheits-und Anzeigeschaltungen, die mit Ausnahme des Schalters S3 in der Steuerleitung des Endverstärkers 2 nicht dargestellt sind. Bei geöffnetem Schalter S3 liegt an den Ausgängen 4,5 kein Signal.Because of the strict safety regulations applicable to electrical medical devices, but also because an unintentional activation of the outputs 4,5 connected Electrodes or an activation in one for the concerned Use case unsuitable mode of operation to severe burns to the patient or the surgeon, the usual electro-surgical devices contain one Series of safety and indicator circuits, with the exception of switch S3 are not shown in the control line of the output amplifier 2. When the Switch S3 has no signal at outputs 4, 5.

Der Schalter S3 wird üblicherweise vom Chirurgen fernbedient, und zwar entweder über einen Fußschalter oder über einen Fingerschalter, die jeweils als Momentkontakt ausgebildet sind. Der Momentkontakt kann auch mit der Fernbedienung für S 2 zu einem Doppelfußschalter oder einem Doppelfingerschalter kombiniert sein, wobei dann der eine Schalter der Betriebsart "schneiden" und der andere Schalter der Betriebsart koagulieren zugeordnet ist und jeweils bei Betätigung des einen oder des anderen Schalters gleichzeitig der Schalter S 3 geschlossen wird.The switch S3 is usually operated remotely by the surgeon, and either via a foot switch or a finger switch, each are designed as momentary contact. The momentary contact can also be made with the remote control for S 2 be combined to a double foot switch or a double finger switch, one switch of the "cut" mode and the other switch is assigned to the operating mode coagulate and each time the one is actuated or the other switch at the same time the switch S 3 is closed.

Zusätzlich zu dieser fernbedienbaren Betriebsartenumschaltung und Aktivierung der Elektroden ist es aus den einleitend angegebenen Gründen wünschenswert, auch die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes fernbedient einstellen zu können. Wiederum aus Sicherheitsgründen soll dabei aber der durch das betreffende Potentiometer Rs, Rk oder Rb eingestellte, obere Grenzwert der Ausgangsleistung nicht überschritten werden können. Gemäß dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Grundgedanken der Erfindung verfügt der Chirurg hierfür über zwei Momentkontakte K 1 und K 2, die ebenfalls als Fußschalter oder als Fingerschalter ausgebildet und über eine Leitung L mit einer Schaltung 7 innerhalb des Elektrochirurgiegerätes verbunden sind, die an ihren Ausgängen 8,9 einen Widerstandswert R liefert, der sich stetig oder schrittweise erhöht, solange der Kontakt K 1 geschlossen ist, hingegen abnimmt, solange der Kontakt K 2 geschlossen ist und konstant bleibt, solange beide Kontakte offen sind, sowie vorzugsweise und aus Sicherheitsgründen auch dann konstant bleibt, wenn beide Kontakte gleichzeitig gedrückt werden. Der an den Ausgängen 8 und 9 der Schaltung 7 erscheinende Widerstandswert wird dann zur Steuerung der Ausgangsleistung des Elektrochirurgiegerätes herangezogen. Für die folgende Beschreibung wird angenommen, daß Diese Steuerung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 verwirklicht ist. Sofern hierbei die Ausgangsleistung mit zunehmendem Wert des jeweils wirksamen Potentiometers Rs, Rk oder Rb steigt, wird die Bedingung, daß die Ausgangsleistung den an dem betreffenden Potetentiometer voreingestellten Wert nicht überschreiten darf, dadurch erfüllt, daß der Ausgang 8 der Schaltung 7 mit der Steuerleitung des Netzgerätes 6 in Fig. 1 am Punkt I verbunden wird und der Ausgang 9 der Schaltung 7 mit Masse verbunden wird. Sofern der umgekehrte Zusammenhang zwischen dem an dem jeweiligen Potentiometer eingestellten Widerstandswert und der Ausgangsleistung besteht, wird statt dieser Parallelschaltung eine Serienschaltung verwendet, so daß R dann zwischen den Punkten I und II in der Steuerleitung des Netzgerätes 7 liegt.In addition to this remote-controlled operating mode switchover and Activation of the electrodes, for the reasons given in the introduction, it is desirable to be able to adjust the output power of the device remotely. In turn for safety reasons, however, the relevant potentiometer Rs, Rk or Rb set, upper limit value of the output power not exceeded can be. According to the basic concept of the invention shown in FIG. 2 the surgeon does this via two momentary contacts K 1 and K 2, which are also used as foot switches or designed as a finger switch and via a line L with a circuit 7 are connected within the electrosurgical device, which at their outputs 8,9 supplies a resistance value R which increases continuously or gradually as long as the contact K 1 is closed, but decreases as long as the contact K 2 is closed is and remains constant as long as both contacts are open, and preferably and for safety reasons remains constant even if both contacts are at the same time be pressed. The resistance value appearing at the outputs 8 and 9 of the circuit 7 is then used to control the output power of the electrosurgical unit used. For the following description, it is assumed that this control according to the embodiment is realized in FIG. Provided that the output power increases with The value of the potentiometer Rs, Rk or Rb that is active in each case increases, the condition is that the output power is that preset on the potentiometer in question Value must not exceed, fulfilled by the fact that the output 8 of the circuit 7 is connected to the control line of the power supply unit 6 in Fig. 1 at point I and the output 9 of the circuit 7 is connected to ground. Provided the reverse is true between the resistance value set on the respective potentiometer and the Output power, a series connection is used instead of this parallel connection used so that R then between points I and II in the control line of the Power supply unit 7 is.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem richtungsumkehrbaren Servomotor M, der ein Potentiometer R verstellt. Die beiden feststehenden Kontaktstücke der Kontakte K 1, K 2 sind über eine Wechselspannungsquelle 10 mit dem einen Anschluß des Motors M verbunden, dessen anderer Anschluß über zwei gegensinnig gepolte Dioden D 1, D 2 mit den beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücken der Kontakte K 1, K 2 in Verbindung steht. Bei Betätigung des Kontaktes K 1 erhält der Motor M die positiven Halbwellen der von der Spannungsquelle 10 gelieferten Spannung und dreht in der einen Richtung, bei schließen des Kontakte K 2 wird der Motor mit den negativen halbwellen betrieben und läuft in der entgegengesetzten Drehrichtung.Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment with a direction reversible Servomotor M, which adjusts a potentiometer R. The two fixed contact pieces the contacts K 1, K 2 are connected to one terminal via an alternating voltage source 10 of the motor M connected, the other connection via two oppositely polarized diodes D 1, D 2 with the two movable contact pieces of the contacts K 1, K 2 in connection stands. When the contact K 1 is actuated, the motor M receives the positive half-waves the voltage supplied by the voltage source 10 and rotates in one direction, when contact K 2 closes, the motor is operated with the negative half-waves and runs in the opposite direction of rotation.

Bei einer fernbedienten Änderung der Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes ist eine zumindest qualitative, vorzugsweise aber auch gleichzeitig eine quantitative Anzeige der gerade eingestellten Ausgangsleistung für den Chirurgen erforderlich. Ein unmittelbarer Abgriff vom Ausgang des Elektrochirurgierätes ist nicht ohne weiteres möglich, da dieser Ausgang über den Schalter S 3 (Fig. 1) jeweils nur kurzzeitig aktiviert wird. Eine akustische und optische Anzeigeschaltung, die eine ständige Information über die eingestellte Ausgangsleistung liefert, ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt.In the event of a remote-controlled change in the output power of the device is at least qualitative, but preferably also quantitative at the same time The surgeon is required to display the output power that has just been set. A direct tap from the output of the electrosurgical device is not straightforward possible, since this output via the switch S 3 (Fig. 1) only briefly is activated. An acoustic and visual display circuit that has a constant Information about the provides the set output power is shown in FIG.

Ausgegangen wird hierbei von einem analogen Signal, das proportional zu dem fernbedient eingestellten Widerstandswert R ist. Eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Gewinnung eines derartigen Analogsignals besteht an die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Schaltung anschließend darin, daß. der Motor M zusätzlich zu dem Potentiometer R und synchron mit diesem ein weiteres R' verstellt, dessen Anschlüsse zwischen Masse und einer Spannung + U lieg und dessen Schleifer somit eine dem eingestellten Widerstandswert R proportionale Spannung uR liefert. Diese Spannung uR wird dem Steuereingang eines spannungsgesteuerten Oszillators 11 sowie dem ersten Eingang eines Analogmultiplizierers 12 zugeführt, dessen zweiter Eingang mit dem Ausgang eines Tongenerators 13 verbunden ist.This is based on an analog signal that is proportional to the remote-controlled set resistance value R. One easy way To obtain such an analog signal, there is the one shown in FIG. 3 Circuit then that. the motor M in addition to the potentiometer R. and synchronously with this another R 'adjusted, its connections between ground and a voltage + U lie and its wiper thus corresponds to the set resistance value R supplies proportional voltage uR. This voltage uR is the control input of a voltage controlled oscillator 11 and the first input of an analog multiplier 12, the second input of which is connected to the output of a tone generator 13 is.

Ein Lautsprecher 14 ist über einen Schalter S 4 entweder mit dem Ausgang des spannungsgesteuerten Oszillators 11 oder dem Ausgang des Analogmultiplizieres 12 verbindbar. Im ersten Fall liefert der Lautsprecher 14 ein akustisches Signal, dessen Tonhöhe sich proportional zur eingestellten Ausgangsleistung ändert, im zweiten Fall gibt der Lautsprecher 14 ein Tonsignal ab, dessen Lautstärke proportional zur Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes ist.A loudspeaker 14 is either connected to the output via a switch S 4 of the voltage controlled oscillator 11 or the output of the analog multiplier 12 connectable. In the first case, the loudspeaker 14 delivers an acoustic signal, whose pitch changes proportionally to the set output power, in the second If the loudspeaker 14 emits a sound signal, the volume of which is proportional to Output power of the device is.

Die Eingangs leistung ist weiterhin über eine 7-Segment-Anzeige 15 digital sowie über eine Leuchtdiodenzeile 16 analog in dimensionslosen Einheiten, z.B. von 0 - 10, anzeigbar. Die Spannung wird hierzu weiterhin parallel den Eingängen einerseits einer Decoder- und Treiberschaltung 17 für die 7-Segment-Anzeige und andererseits einer Decoder- und Treiberschaltung 18 für ein sogenanntes Bar Graph, d.h. eine Leuchtdiodenzeile, die nach Art der bekannten LED-Aussteuerungsanzeigen arbeitet, zugeführt. Die entsprechenden Schaltungen sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The input power is still on a 7-segment display 15 digital as well as via a line of LEDs 16 analog in dimensionless units, e.g. from 0 - 10, can be displayed. The voltage continues to be parallel to the inputs on the one hand a decoder and driver circuit 17 for the 7-segment display and on the other hand a decoder and driver circuit 18 for a so-called bar graph, i.e. a line of LEDs that look like the known LED level indicators works, fed. The corresponding circuits are known to the person skilled in the art.

In Fig. 5 ist eine weitere elektromechanische Lösung für die Fernsteuerung dargestellt. Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2 sind mit den Relaiswicklungen A' und A des Relais eines richtungsumkehrbaren Schrittschaltwerkes verbunden, zwischen dessen feststehenden Kontaktpaaren aO bis an*1 ein beweglicher Kontakt a schrittweise verschiebbar ist, wobei jede Betätigung des Kontaktes K 1 einen Verschiebungsschritt in der einen Richtung, jede Betätigung des Kontaktes K 2 eine Verschiebung in der anderen Richtung bewirkt.In Fig. 5 is another electromechanical solution for the remote control shown. The contacts K 1 and K 2 are connected to the relay windings A 'and A des Relay of a reversible stepping mechanism connected, between its fixed contact pairs aO up to an * 1 a moving contact a step by step movable is, each actuation of the contact K 1 a displacement step in one Direction, each actuation of the contact K 2 a shift in the other direction causes.

Die Kontaktpaare aO bis an+1 liegen parallel zwischen Masse und den Teilwiderständen R 1 bis Rn einer Widerstandskette, deren erster Widerstand R 1 mit dem Punkt I der Schaltung nach Fig. 1 und deren letzter Widerstand Rn mit Masse verbunden ist. Der einstellbare Widerstandswert wird also aus der Summe der jeweils im Leitungszug liegenden Teilwiderstände gebildet. Das beschriebene Schrittschaltwerk spielt somit die Rolle der Schaltung -7 in Fig. 2.The contact pairs aO to an + 1 are parallel between ground and the Partial resistors R 1 to Rn of a resistor chain, the first resistor R 1 with point I of the circuit according to FIG. 1 and its last resistor Rn with ground connected is. The adjustable resistance value is therefore the sum of the respective Partial resistances are formed in the cable run. The described stepper mechanism thus plays the role of circuit -7 in FIG. 2.

Fig. 6 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Schaltung 7 nach Fig. 2. Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2 steuern hierbei einen Treppen-spannungsgenerator 19, dessen Ausgang mit der Basis eines npn-Transistors 20 verbunden ist, dessen Kollektor/Emitter-Strecke die Rolle des - in diesem Falle schrittweise - veränderlichen Widerstandswertes R spielt. Funktionsmäßig entspricht der Treppenspannungsgenerator 19 dem Schrittschaltwerk nach Fig. 5, die Kollektor/Emitter-Strecke des Transistor 20 der Widerstandskette in Fig. 5. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Durchlaß widerstand des Transistors 20 und dem an seiner Basis anliegenden, treppenförmigen Steuerstrom kann durch bekannte Schaltungsmaßnahmen linearisiert werden. Anstelle des bipolaren Transistors 20 kann auch ein Feldeffekttransistor verwendet werden, der unmittelbar mit der Ausgangsspannung des Treppenspannungsgenerators 19 steuerbar ist und den Vorteil einer höheren Linearität des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Steuerspannung und dem Durchlaßwiderstand seiner Source-Drain-Strecke hat. Der Treppenspannungsgenerator 19 enthält einen Taktgeber, der die Ausgangsspannung schrittweise im vorgegebenen Takt jeweils um einen festen Betrag erhöht, solange der Kontakt K 1 gedrückt wird, hingegen vermindert, solange der Kontakt K 2 gedrückt wird.Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the circuit 7 according to Fig. 2. The contacts K 1 and K 2 control a staircase voltage generator 19, whose output is connected to the base of an npn transistor 20, whose Collector / emitter path has the role of - in this case gradually - changeable Resistance value R plays. Functionally corresponds to the staircase voltage generator 19 the stepping mechanism according to FIG. 5, the collector / emitter path of the transistor 20 of the resistance chain in Fig. 5. The relationship between the passage resistance of the transistor 20 and the step-shaped control current applied to its base can be linearized by known circuit measures. Instead of the bipolar Transistor 20 can also be a field effect transistor used directly is controllable with the output voltage of the staircase voltage generator 19 and the Advantage of a higher linearity of the relationship between the control voltage and the forward resistance of its source-drain path. The staircase voltage generator 19 contains a clock that the output voltage step by step in the specified Cycle increased by a fixed amount as long as contact K 1 is pressed, however, reduced as long as the contact K 2 is pressed.

Während die in Fig. 6 wiedergegebene Schaltung weitgehend analog arbeitet, ist in Fig. 7 eine Ausführungsform mit weitgehend digitaler Arbeitsweise dargestellt. Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2 sind hierbei mit den Steuereingängen einer Digitalschaltung 21 verbunden, die än ihrem Ausgang ein digital, z.B. -BCD-codiertes Signal oder Datenwort erzeugt, dessen Wert wächst, solange der Kontakt K 1 gedrückt wird, dessen Wert hingegen abnimmt, solange der Kontakt K 2 gedrückt wird. Dieses Datensignal wird seriell oder parallel einem Digital/Analogwandler 22 zugeführt, dessen Ausgangssignal den Durchlaßwiderstand eines Halbleiters 23, im Ausführungsbeispiel wiederum einen npn-Transistor, steuert.While the circuit shown in Fig. 6 works largely analog, 7 shows an embodiment with largely digital operation. The contacts K 1 and K 2 are here with the control inputs one Digital circuit 21 connected, which än its output a digital, e.g. BCD-coded Signal or data word generated, the value of which increases as long as contact K 1 is pressed the value of which, however, decreases as long as contact K 2 is pressed. This Data signal is fed serially or in parallel to a digital / analog converter 22, whose output signal is the forward resistance of a semiconductor 23, in the exemplary embodiment again an npn transistor, controls.

Bei offenen Kontakten K 1, K 2 liegen die entsprechenden Eingänge der Digitalschaltung 21 über die Widerstände r an der Spannung +U, erhalten also den logischen Pegel H. Bei Schließen eines der Kontakte wird der betreffende Eingang auf Masse gelegt und befindet sich somit auf dem logischen Pegel L.When the contacts K 1, K 2 are open, the corresponding inputs are located the digital circuit 21 via the resistors r to the voltage + U, thus obtained the logic level H. When one of the contacts closes, the relevant input connected to ground and is therefore at the logic level L.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Abwandlung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels, bei der auf die Digitalschaltung 21 ein Decoder 23 folgt, der das von der Digitalschaltung im BCD-Code mit 8 it gelieferte Datenwort decodiert und eine dem jeweiligen Digitalwert an seinem Eingang entsprechende Signalverteilung an seinen Ausgängen B 1 bis B 8 liefert. Jeder dieser Ausgänge ist mit der Basis eines zugehörigen Transistors T 24 bis T 32 verbunden. Jeder dieser Transistoren steuert ein Relais A1 bis A8. Die zugehörigen Relaiskontakte a1 bis a8 liegen parallel zu den Teilwiderständen R1 bis R8 einer Widerstandskette, deren Fußpunkt auf Masse liegt, während ihr oberer Anschluß mit dem Punkt I der Schaltung nach Fig. 1 verbunden ist. Die Werte der Teilwiderstände folgen der geometrischen Reihe 2, 4, 8 ..., 2n> so daß der Zusammenhang gilt: R8 : 2#x R7; ...; R2 = 2 x R1. Der Decoder 23 setzt somit das von der Digitalschaltung 21 gelieferte 8-Bit-Datenwort, das demnach 256 Werte annehmen kann, in den diesem Datenwort entsprechenden Widerstandswert um, und zwar durch Zusammensetzung dieses Widerstandswertes aus den betreffenden Teilwiderständen R1 bis R8.Fig. 8 shows a modification of this embodiment in which the digital circuit 21 is followed by a decoder 23, which is that of the digital circuit in the BCD code with 8 it delivered data word decoded and one to the respective digital value at its input corresponding signal distribution at its outputs B 1 to B 8 supplies. Each of these outputs is connected to the base of an associated transistor T. 24 to T 32 connected. Each of these transistors controls a relay A1 to A8. the associated relay contacts a1 to a8 are parallel to the partial resistors R1 to R8 of a resistance chain, the base of which is on ground, while its upper Terminal is connected to point I of the circuit of FIG. The values of the Partial resistances follow the geometric series 2, 4, 8 ..., 2n> so that the relationship the following applies: R8: 2 # x R7; ...; R2 = 2 x R1. The decoder 23 thus sets that of the digital circuit 21 delivered 8-bit data word, which can therefore assume 256 values, in this Data word corresponding resistance value, namely by composing this Resistance value from the relevant partial resistances R1 to R8.

Grundsätzlich können die Transistoren T 24 bis T 32 sowie die zugehörigen Relais A1 bis A8 mit den Kontakten °-1 bis o8 auch durch Optokoppler ersetzt werden. Letztere sind jedoch gegenüber EIF-Einstrahlungen und andere, in dem Elektrochirurgiegerät entstehende Störspannungen empfindlicher als Relais.In principle, the transistors T 24 to T 32 and the associated Relays A1 to A8 with contacts ° -1 to o8 can also be replaced by optocouplers. The latter, however, are opposite EIF irradiation and others, in Interference voltages generated by the electrosurgical unit are more sensitive than relays.

Fig. 9 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Digitalschaltung 21.9 shows an exemplary embodiment for the digital circuit 21.

Sie besteht aus einem 8-Bit-AuSwärts/Abwärts-Zähler, der an seinem Ausgang ein BCD-codiertes Datenwort entsprechend dem erreichten Zählerstand liefert, das über einen Datenbus DB einerseits dem Decoder 23 (vgl. Fig. 8) und andererseits dem D/A-Wandlers 22 (vgl. Fig. 7) zugeführt wird, dessen analoge, dem eingestellten Widerstandswert entsprechende Ausgangsspannung uR einer optischen Anzeige 25 und einer akustischen Anzeige 26 zugeführt wird. Beide Anzeigen können dabei entsprechend Fig. 4 ausgeführt sein. Alternativ hierzu kann die optische Anzeige auch direkt an den Datenbus DB angeschlossen sein, wobei für eine Anzeige in dimensionslosen Relativwerten z.B. von 0 bis 10 eine Auswertung des höherwertigen Halbbyte sowie die Verwendung einer 1 1/2 - stelligen 7-Segment-Anzeige genügt. Entsprechende integrierte Schaltungen sind handelsüblich.It consists of an 8-bit up / down counter that is attached to his The output supplies a BCD-coded data word corresponding to the count reached, via a data bus DB on the one hand to the decoder 23 (see FIG. 8) and on the other hand the D / A converter 22 (see. Fig. 7) is fed, its analog, the set Resistance value corresponding output voltage uR of an optical display 25 and an acoustic display 26 is supplied. Both displays can be used accordingly Fig. 4 be executed. Alternatively, the visual display can also be used directly be connected to the data bus DB, for a display in dimensionless Relative values e.g. from 0 to 10 an evaluation of the more significant nibble as well as the use of a 1 1/2 digit 7-segment display is sufficient. Corresponding integrated Circuits are customary in the trade.

Der Reset-Eingang des Zählers 24 ist mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Schaltung verbunden, die bei jeder Anderung der Betriebsart des Elektrochirurgiegerätes einen Resetimpuls R liefert.The reset input of the counter 24 has a not shown in detail Circuit connected with each change in the operating mode of the electrosurgical unit a reset pulse R delivers.

Der Takteingang des Zählers 24 ist mit einem Taktgenerator 27 verbunden. Der Eingang "up" für die Zählrichtung"aufwärts"ist mit dem Kontakt K 1 verbunden. Der Eingang down für die Zählrichr tung "abwärts" ist mit dem Kontakt K 2 verbunden. Der Takteingang wird freigegeben, wenn entweder der Eingang up oder der Eingang down bei Schließen des zugeordneten Kontaktes K 1 oder K 2 den Zustand L annehmen. Der Zähler zählt dann Von dem zuletzt erreichten und gespeicherten Zählerstand aus aufwärts bzw. abwärts bis der betreffende Kontakt wieder öffnet. Der erreichte Zählerstand wird als Datenwort im BCD-Code oder in jedem anderen geeigneten Code fortlaufend an den Datenbus DB abgegeben. Das Rücksetzen des Zählers 24 auf 0 bei jedem Wechsel der Betriebsart verhindert, daß die Elektroden unbeabsichtigt mit einer zu hohen, nämlich/dem in der vorhergehenden Betriebsart erreichten Zählerstand entsprechenden Ausgangsleistung aktiviert werden. Dieser Fall kann sehr leicht eintreten, wenn von der Betriebsart schneiden auf die Betriebsart koagulieren umgeschaltet wird, denn im ersteren Fall wird regelmäßig mit einer erheblichen, gegebenenfalls mehr als das Doppelte betragenden Ausgangsleistung als im letzteren Fall gearbeitet. Das Rücksetzen des Zählers bei jedem Wechsel der Betriebsart hat allerdings den Nachteil, daß dann jedes Mal in der neuen Betriebsart die Ausgangsleistung durch Betätigung des Kontaktes K 1 von einem nahe bei Null liegenden Wert auf den erforderlichen Betriebswert gebracht werden muß.The clock input of the counter 24 is connected to a clock generator 27. The "up" input for the "up" counting direction is connected to contact K 1. The down input for the "down" counting direction is connected to contact K 2. The clock input is enabled when either the input is up or the input down when the assigned contact K 1 or K 2 is closed, assume the L state. The counter then counts from the last reached and saved counter reading up or down until the relevant contact opens again. The counter reading reached is consecutive as a data word in BCD code or in any other suitable code delivered to the data bus DB. Resetting the counter 24 to 0 with every change operating mode prevents the electrodes from being unintentionally applied with too high a namely / the count reached in the previous operating mode appropriate Output power can be activated. This case can happen very easily, though the cutting mode is switched to the coagulating mode, because in the first case it is regularly with a considerable, possibly more worked as twice the output power than in the latter case. However, resetting the counter each time the operating mode is changed has the Disadvantage that the output power through each time in the new operating mode Actuation of contact K 1 from a value close to zero to the required one Operating value must be brought.

Diesen Nachteil vermeidet die in Fig. 10 dargestellte Schaltung.The circuit shown in FIG. 10 avoids this disadvantage.

An ihre Fernsteuereingänge E 1 und E 2 sind die hier aus Platzgründen nicht mehr gezeichneten Kontakte K 1 und K 2 angeschlossen, die im betätigten Zustand den betreffenden Eingang mit Masse verbinden, also den über die Widerstände r erzeugten Ruhezustand H in den Zustand L ändern. An die Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge E3 bis ES sind die Schalter S1 und S2 (Fig.1) mit nicht gezeichneten Hilfskontakten angeschlossen, die den Zustand des betreffenden Eingangs von H nach L ändern, wenn die zugehörige:#etriebsart eingeschaltet bzw. auf diese umgeschaltet wird.They are attached to their remote control inputs E 1 and E 2 for reasons of space Contacts K 1 and K 2, no longer shown, are connected, in the actuated state connect the relevant input to ground, i.e. the one generated via the resistors r Change idle state H to state L. To the operating mode message inputs E3 to ES switches S1 and S2 (Fig. 1) are connected with auxiliary contacts (not shown), which change the state of the relevant input from H to L if the associated: #operating mode is switched on or switched to this.

Die Schaltung umfaßt im wesentlichen einen#8-Bit-Zähler Z und für jede Betriebsart ein D-Flipflop FF1 bis FF3 sowie einen zugeordneten Datenspeicher M I bis M III. In Abhängigkeit von dem logischen Zustand an seinen steuernden Eingängen zählt der Zähler die Impulse des Taktgenerators 27 und gibt den jeweils erreichten Zählerstand über seinen Ausgang Dout als Datenwort an den Datenbus DB 1 ab. Mit dem Datenbus ist einerseits eine Zählerendwertlogik 28 verbunden, die verhindert, daß der bei einem 8-Bit-Zähler maximal mögliche Zählerstand von 256 überschritten wird und der Zähler Z somit als Ringzähler arbeitet; weiterhin besitzt der Datenbus DB 1 einen Anschluß für den Decoder 23 (Fig. 8, 9) sowie gegebenenfalls für den D/A-Wandler 22 (Fig. 9) und ist mit den Dateneingängen D n der Speicher M T bis M III verbunden. Deren Datenausgänge Dort sind über einen weiteren Datenbus D13 2 mit dem Dateneingang Din des Zählers Z verbunden. Die Speicher M I bis M III speichern bei Übergang auf eine neue Betriebsart den jeweils in der vorhergehenden Betriebsart zuletzt erreichten Zählerstand in Form des entsprechenden Datenwortes, das bei Rückumschaltung auf die vorhergehende Betriebsart den Zähler Z über den Datenbus DB II auf den zuvor erreichten Wert voreinstellt. Eine Eingangskontrolle 29 prüft den logischen Zustand der Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge E3 bis E5 auf Plausibilität.The circuit essentially comprises a # 8-bit counter Z and for each operating mode has a D flip-flop FF1 to FF3 and an associated data memory M I to M III. Depending on the logic state at its controlling inputs the counter counts the pulses of the clock generator 27 and gives the respective reached Counter reading via its output Dout as a data word on the data bus DB 1. With On the one hand, a counter end value logic 28 is connected to the data bus, which prevents that the maximum possible count of 256 with an 8-bit counter has been exceeded and the counter Z thus works as a ring counter; still has the data bus DB 1 a connection for the decoder 23 (Fig. 8, 9) and possibly for the D / A converter 22 (Fig. 9) and is with the data inputs D n of the memory M T bis M III connected. Their data outputs are there via a further data bus D13 2 with the Data input Din of meter Z connected. The memory When changing to a new operating mode, M I to M III save the one in the previous operating mode, last counter reading reached in the form of the corresponding Data word that the counter when switching back to the previous operating mode Z is preset to the previously reached value via the data bus DB II. An incoming inspection 29 checks the logical status of the operating mode message inputs E3 to E5 for plausibility.

Die Schaltung arbeitet folgendermaßen, wobei positive Logik angenommen ist und L den Binärwert 0, H den Binärwert 1 bedeuten: Bei dem Zähler Z dominiert die Presetbedingung. Für Preset = H sind der Up/Down-Eingang und der Takteingang gesperrt. Über Din wird das auf dem Datenbus DB2 vorhandene Datenwort übernommen.The circuit works as follows, assuming positive logic is and L the binary value 0, H the binary value 1: The counter Z dominates the preset condition. For Preset = H, the Up / Down input and the clock input are locked. The data word on the data bus DB2 is accepted via Din.

Preset = L sperrt Din und gibt DoUt sowie den Takteingang und den Up/Down-Eingang frei. Bei letzterem bedeutet L Aufwärtszählen, H Abwärtszählen. Bei den Speichern M I bis M III führt L am Eingang Dis zur Freigabe von Dort, M an Dis zur Sperrung von Dout L am Eingang St sperrt D/Din, H an St führt zur Übernahme des Datenwortes über Din in den Speicher.Preset = L locks Din and gives DoUt as well as the clock input and the Up / down input free. In the latter case, L means counting up, H means counting down. In the memories M I to M III, L leads to the release of Dort, M at input Dis to Dis to block Dout L at input St blocks D / Din, H to St leads to takeover of the data word via Din in the memory.

L an einem der Eingänge der Eingangs kontrolle 29 führt zu H an dem zugehörigen Ausgang Q2 bis Qq. Der Ausgang Q1 befindet sich nur dann auf H, wenn nicht mehr als ein Eingang auf L liegt. Alle anderen Eingangszustände führen zu L an Q1 Im folgenden wird nun angenommen, daß L an E3 die Betriebsart "bipolar", L an E4 die Betriebsart "schneiden" und L an E5 die Betriebsart "koagulieren" bedeuten. Weiter wird angenommen, daß zunächst die Betriebsart "schneiden" gewählt war und der Zähler Z einen bestimmten Zählerstand erreicht hat. Nun werde auf die Betriebsart "bipolar" gewechselt. E4 wechselt dann von L nach H, E 3 von H nach L. Da dieser Zustand ebenso wie der vorhergehende Zustand plausibel bzw. zulMssig ist, bleibt Q1 auf H. Das Q 1 nachgeschaltete UND-Glied G 1 erhält von dem Ausgang Qdes nicht gesetzten Monoflops MF an seinem weiteren EinFang ebenfalls H und läßt daher das an seinem dritten Eingang anliegende Takt-Signal des Taktgenerators 27 durch, das somit auf die Takteingänge der hier interessierenden Flipflops FF1 und FF2 gelangt.L at one of the inputs of the input control 29 leads to H at the associated output Q2 to Qq. Output Q1 is only high when no more than one input is on L. All other input states lead to L at Q1 In the following it is now assumed that L at E3 is the operating mode "bipolar", L at E4 mean "cut" mode and L at E5 mean "coagulate" mode. It is also assumed that the "cutting" mode was initially selected and the counter Z has reached a certain count. Now go to the mode of operation "bipolar" changed. E4 then changes from L to H, E 3 by H According to L. Since this state, like the previous state, is plausible or permissible Q1 remains at H. The AND gate connected downstream of Q 1 receives G 1 from the output Q of the unset monoflop MF at its further catch also H and leaves hence the clock signal of the clock generator 27 present at its third input through, which is thus on the clock inputs of the flip-flops FF1 and interest here FF2 reached.

Da der Ausgang Q3 der Eingangskontrolle 29 von H auf L wechselt, wird FF2 zurückgesetzt, während FF1 von Q4 an seinem Eingang H erhält und daher gesetzt wird. Sein Ausgang Q wechselt von H nach L, während gleichzeitig der Ausgang Q von FF2 von L nach H wechselt. Über Dis von M II wird hierdurch die weitere Datenausgabe gesperrt. Das H-Signal triggert über ein Tmpulsgatter IG? und ein ODER-Glied G2 das Monoflop MF, so daß dessen Ausgang Q von H nach L wechselt und damit G1 für die Dauer der eingestellten Zeit für weitere Taktimpulse sperrt, während Q von MF gleichzeitig auf H geht. Der Ausgang Q von MF ist einerseits über ein ODER-Glied G6 mit dem Preseteingang des Zählers Z verbunden, so daß dieser während der Dauer der Betriebsartenumschaltung und der anschließenden Zeit bis zum Zurückkippen von MF für Zählbefehle gesperrt bleibt; Q von MF ist weiterhin mit den ersten Eingängen von drei NOR-Gliedern G3 bis G5 verbunden, von denen jedes dem Storeeingang St der Speicher M 1 bis M ITT vorgeschaltet und mit seinem zweiten Eingang mit dem !\usg.nng q des hetrer fenden Flipflops FF1 bis P7 verbunden ist. Da das NOR-Glied G4 von Q von FF2 nunmehr, d.h. nach dem Rückkippen von FF2, H erhält, wird unabhängig von dem an seinem ersten Eingang vorhandenen Zustand das zuletzt eingegebene Datenwort gespeichert und die weitere Dateneingabe gesperrt, während der gleiche Wert H an dem Eingang Dis die weitere Datenausgabe sperrt.Since the output Q3 of the input control 29 changes from H to L, will FF2 reset, while FF1 receives a H at its input from Q4 and is therefore set will. Its output Q changes from H to L, while at the same time the output Q changes from FF2 changes from L to H. As a result, the further data output is via Dis of M II locked. The H signal triggers via a pulse gate IG? and an OR gate G2 the monoflop MF, so that its output Q changes from H to L and thus G1 for blocks the duration of the set time for further clock pulses, while Q of MF goes to H at the same time. The output Q from MF is on the one hand via an OR gate G6 connected to the preset input of the counter Z, so that it can be used for the duration the operating mode switchover and the subsequent time until tilting back MF remains blocked for counting commands; Q from MF is still with the first inputs connected by three NOR gates G3 to G5, each of which is connected to the store input St Memory M 1 to M ITT connected upstream and with its second input with the! \ Usg.nng q of the hetrer fenden flip-flop FF1 to P7 is connected. Since the NOR gate G4 of Q now receives H from FF2, i.e. after FF2 tilts back, becomes independent of the last entered data word according to the status present at its first input saved and further data entry blocked while the same value H is on the input Dis blocks further data output.

Somit ist in M II der letzte Zählerstand in der Betriebsart schneiden gespeichert.The last counter reading in the cutting mode is thus in M II saved.

Der der neuen Betriebsart "bipolar" zugeordnete Speicher M 1 erhält hingegen jetzt von O von FF1 an seinem Eingang Dis ein Signal L, so daß Dout freigegeben und das gespeicherte Datenwort über DB2 an den sich im Presetzustand befindenden Zähler Z zu dessen Voreinstellung übertragen wird. Bis zum Rückkippen von MF bleibt hierbei D. von MI gesperrt, da der zugehörige Storein eingang St erst dann von L auf H wechselt und damit Din freigibt, wenn MF zurückkippt und damit an beiden Eingängen des NOR-Gliedes G3 der Pegel L anliegt. Mit dem Rückkippen von MF ist somit einerseits die Voreinstellung von Z abgeschlossen und andererseits der MI zur Einspeicherung eines neuen Datenwortes bereit.The memory M 1 assigned to the new "bipolar" operating mode receives on the other hand, a signal L now from O of FF1 at its input Dis, so that Dout is released and the stored data word via DB2 to which is in the preset state located counter Z is transferred to its presetting. Until you tip back From MF, D. from MI remains blocked, since the associated Storein input St only then changes from L to H and thus releases Din when MF tilts back and with it the level L is present at both inputs of the NOR element G3. With the tilting back of MF the presetting of Z is thus completed on the one hand and on the other hand the MI is ready to store a new data word.

Undefinierte oder unzulässige Betriebszustände hinsichtlich der gewählten Betriebsart schließt die Schaltung einerseits über die bereits erwähnte Eingangskontrolle 29 und andererseits über ein U2JD-Glied G7, dessen drei Eingänge mit den Q-Ausgängen von FF1 bis FF3 verbunden sind, aus. Der Ausgang dieses UND-Gliedes G7 ist über das ODER-Glied O6 mit dem Preseteingang von Z verbunden, bringt also den Zähler in den Presetzustand, wenn alle Ausgänge Q von FF1 bis FF3 sich auf H befinden. Dieser im Normalfall nicht auftretende Zustand kann sich beispielsweise nach dem Einschalten der Betriebsspannung oder aufgrund irgendwelcher Störimpulse ergeben. Ebenso ist Vorsorge getroffen, daß der Zählerstand sich nicht verändern kann, solange nicht entweder an dem Eingang El oder an dem Eingang E2 der Zustand L herrscht. Hierzu dient ein Exklusiv-NOR-Glied G8, das mit den Eingängen El und E2 sowie mit seinem Ausgang über G6 mit dem Preseteingang des Zählers verbunden ist. Sowohl der Zustand H auf beiden Eingängen Ei, E2 als auch der Zustand L (also beide Kontakte Kl, K2 aus den vorhergehenden Figuren versehentlich gleichzeitig gedrückt) läßt den Ausgang von G8 von L nach H wechseln. Der Eingang E2 ist einerseits mit der Zählerendwert-Logik 28, andererseits mit dem Up/down-Eingang des Zählers Z verbunden. Die Zählrichtung "auSwärts" wird dadurch erkannt, daß bei aufgehobener Presetbedingung E2 auf 1I bleibt. Dieser Zustand ist aber nur bei Drücken des Kontaktes Kl, d.h. bei El auf L, möglich. Der Zählbefehl "abwärts" wird umgekehrt an der Aufhebung der Presetbedingung und dem Zustand L an E2 erkannt.Undefined or impermissible operating states with regard to the selected Operating mode closes the circuit on the one hand via the input control already mentioned 29 and on the other hand via a U2JD element G7, its three inputs with the Q outputs connected from FF1 to FF3. The output of this AND gate G7 is over the OR gate O6 is connected to the preset input of Z, so it brings the counter into the preset state when all outputs Q from FF1 to FF3 are high. This state, which does not normally occur, can, for example, after Turning on the operating voltage or due to any interference pulses. Provision has also been made that the counter reading cannot change for as long the state L does not prevail either at the input E1 or at the input E2. An exclusive NOR element G8 is used for this purpose, with inputs E1 and E2 as well as with its output is connected to the preset input of the counter via G6. Both the State H on both inputs Ei, E2 as well as state L (i.e. both contacts Kl, K2 from the previous figures accidentally pressed at the same time) change the output of G8 from L to H. The input E2 is on the one hand with the Counter end value logic 28, on the other hand connected to the up / down input of the counter Z. The counting direction "upwards" is recognized by the fact that when the preset condition is canceled E2 remains on 1I. This state is only possible when the contact Kl is pressed, i.e. with El on L, possible. The "down" counting command is reversed when it is canceled the preset condition and the state L recognized at E2.

Die Zählerendwert-Logik 28 vergleicht das von dem Datenbus DB1 erhaltene Datenwort mit denjvorgegebenen unteren und oberen Grenzwert und sperrt bei Erreichen des unteren Grenzwertes und einem weiteren Zählbefehl "abwärts" sowie bei Erreichen des oberen Grenzwertes und einem weiteren Befehl "auSwärts" über ein UND-Glied G9 den Takteingang des Zählers Z für die weiteren Taktimpulse.The counter end value logic 28 compares that received from the data bus DB1 Data word with the specified lower and upper limit value and blocks when it is reached of the lower limit value and a further "downwards" counting command as well as when it is reached of the upper limit value and a further command "outwards" via an AND element G9 the clock input of the counter Z for the further clock pulses.

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Claims (15)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Elektrochirurgiegerät mit einem Umschalter für die Betriebsarten "monopolar" und "bipolar" und mit einem weiteren, in der Betriebsart "monopolar" wirksamen Umschalter zwischen den Betriebsarten "schneiden" und "koagulieren", sowie mit mindestens einem einstellbaren Widerstand zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung in der Jeweiligen Betriebsart, wobei bei monopolarem Betrieb ein Ausgangsanschluß des Gerätes über eine Plattenelektrode mit dem Körper des Patienten und der andere Ausgangsanschluß mit einer sogenannten aktiven, vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrode verbunden ist und im bipolaren Betrieb beide Ausgangsanschlüsse mit zwei von dem Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektroden, die vorzugsweise als Pinzette mit voneinander isolierten Branchen ausgebildet sind, verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wert (R) des die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes bestimmenden Widerstandes durch Betätigung eines ersten, in dem Griffstück der vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrode(n) untergebrachten und mit dem Gerät elektrisch verbunden Kontaktes (Kl) vergrößerbar und durch Betätigung eines zweiten, gleichartigen Kontaktes (K2) verkleinerbar ist. PATENT CLAIMS 1. Electrosurgical unit with a switch for the operating modes "monopolar" and "bipolar" and with another one in the operating mode "monopolar" effective switch between the operating modes "cut" and "coagulate", as well as with at least one adjustable resistor for setting the output power in the respective operating mode, with one output connection in monopolar operation of the device via a plate electrode to the patient's body and the other Output connection with a so-called active electrode to be handled by the surgeon is connected and in bipolar mode both output ports with two of the Surgeons handle electrodes, preferably as forceps with one another isolated branches are formed, are connected, characterized in that the value (R) of the resistance determining the output power of the device Actuation of a first electrode (s) to be handled by the surgeon in the handle housed and electrically connected to the device contact (Kl) can be enlarged and can be reduced in size by actuating a second, similar contact (K2). 2. Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstandswert (R) über eine optische, digitale oder analoge Anzeigevorrichtung (15, 16) in dimensionslosen Einheiten anzeigbar ist. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance value (R) via an optical, digital or analog display device (15, 16) in dimensionless Units can be displayed. 3. Gerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der eingestellte Widerstandswert über eine akustische, in der Tonhöhe oder der Lautstärke veränderbare Einrichtung (11 bis 14) anzeigbar ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the set Resistance value via an acoustic, variable in pitch or volume Device (11 to 14) can be displayed. 4. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (K1, K2) im Stromkreis eines richtungsumkehrbaren Servomotors (M) liegen, der den Widerstandswert (R) durch Verdrehung eines Potentiometers ändert.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the contacts (K1, K2) in the circuit of a reversible servo motor (M) which changes the resistance value (R) by turning a potentiometer. 5. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (K1, K2) ein richtungsumkehrbares Schrittschaltwerk (A', A?t) steuern, dessen Kontakte (aO bis an+i) mit einer Widerstandskette (R1 bis Rn) verbunden sind und das an seinen Ausgangsanschlüssen den von seiner Stellung abhängigen Widerstandswert (R) liefert.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the contacts (K1, K2) control a reversible stepping mechanism (A ', A? t), whose contacts (aO to an + i) are connected to a resistor chain (R1 to Rn) and at its output connections the resistance value dependent on its position (R) returns. 6. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (K1, K2) eine Analogschaltung (19) steuern, die an ihrem Ausgang ein Gleichspannungssignal liefert, dessen Pegel kontinuierlich zunimmt, solange der eine Kontakt (K1) betätigt ist, dessen Pegel kontinuierlich abnimmt, solange der andere Kontakt (K2) betätigt ist und dessen Pegel bei Betätigung beider Kontakte und bei nichtbetätigten Kontakten konstant bleibt, und daß dieser Analogschaltung (19) ein Halbleiter (20) nachgeschaltet ist, der an einer Steuerelektrode das Gleichspannungssignal erhält und der einen von dem Pegel des Gleichspannungssignals abhängigen Durchlaßwiderstand hat, der den einstellbaren Widerstandswert (R) bildet.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the contacts (K1, K2) control an analog circuit (19) at their output supplies a DC voltage signal, the level of which increases continuously as long as the one contact (K1) is actuated, the level of which decreases continuously as long as the other contact (K2) is actuated and its level when both contacts are actuated and remains constant with non-actuated contacts, and that this analog circuit (19) a semiconductor (20) is connected downstream which the DC voltage signal at a control electrode and the one on the level of the DC voltage signal dependent on resistance which forms the adjustable resistance value (R). 7. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (K1, K2) eine Digitalschaltung (21) steuern, die an ihrem Ausgang ein digitalcodiertes Signal liefert, dessen Wert schrittweise wächst, solange der eine Kontakt betätigt ist, dessen Wert schrittweise abnimmt, solange der andere Kontakt betätigt ist und dessen Wert bei Betätigung beider Kontakte (K1, K2) und bei nichtbetätigten Kontakten (K1, K2) konstant bleibt, und daß dieser Digitalschaltung ein Digital/ Analogwandler (22) nachgeschaltet ist, dessen Ausgangssignal den Durchlaßwiderstand eines Halbleiters (23) steuert, dessen Durchlaßwiderstand den einstellbaren Widerstandswert (R) bildet.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the contacts (K1, K2) control a digital circuit (21) at its output supplies a digitally coded signal, the value of which increases gradually as long as the one contact is actuated, the value of which decreases gradually as long as the other Contact is actuated and its value when actuating both contacts (K1, K2) and with non-actuated contacts (K1, K2) remains constant, and that this Digital circuit a digital / analog converter (22) is connected downstream, the output signal of which controls the on-resistance of a semiconductor (23) whose on-resistance forms the adjustable resistance value (R). 8. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (Kl, K2) eine Digitalschaltung (21) steuern, die an ihrem Ausgang ein digitalcodiertes Signal liefert, dessen Wert schrittweise wächst, solange der eine Kontakt (K1) betätigt ist, dessen Wert schrittweise abnimmt, solange der andere Kontakt (K2) betätigt ist und dessen Wert bei Betätigung beider Kontakte (K1, K2) und bei nichtbetätigten Kontakten (K1, K2) konstant bleibt, und daß der Digitalschaltung (21) ein Decoder (23) nachgeschaltet ist, der zu den Teilwiderständen (R1 bis R8) einer Widerstandskette parallelliegende Schalter (al bis a8) steuert, wobei die Widerstandskette den einstellbaren Widerstandswert (R) in Form von Widerstandsschritten liefert.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the contacts (Kl, K2) control a digital circuit (21) at their output supplies a digitally coded signal, the value of which increases gradually as long as the one contact (K1) is actuated, the value of which decreases gradually as long as the other Contact (K2) is activated and its value when both contacts (K1, K2) are activated and with non-actuated contacts (K1, K2) remains constant, and that of the digital circuit (21) a decoder (23) is connected downstream to the partial resistors (R1 to R8) a resistor chain parallel switches (al to a8) controls, the Resistance chain the adjustable resistance value (R) in the form of resistance steps supplies. 9. Gerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Digitaischaltung einen Aufwrts/Abwrts-Zhler (2in) enthält, dessen Zähleingang mit einem Taktgeber (27) verbunden ist, dessen Eingang (Up/Down) für den Zählbefehl und die Zählrichtung mit den Kontakten (K1, K2) verbunden ist und der an seinem Ausgang das digitalcodierte Signal - vorzugsweise in Form von BCD-Daten -# liefert.9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the digital circuit contains an up / down counter (2in), the counting input of which is connected to a clock (27) is connected, its input (Up / Down) for the counting command and the counting direction is connected to the contacts (K1, K2) and the digitally coded at its output Signal - preferably in the form of BCD data - delivers #. 10. Gerät nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zähler (24) das digitalcodierte Signal über einen Datenbus (DB) abgibt, der einerseits mit dem Decoder (23) zur Steuerung der Schalter der Widerstandskette und andererseits mit einem Digital/Analog-Wandier (22) verbunden ist, der eine digitale oder analoge optische Anzeige (25) fUr den Zählerstand in dimensionslosen Werten sowie eine Schaltung (26) steuert, die ein entsprechend dem Zählerstand in seiner Amplitude oder Frequenz veränderliches akustisches Signal liefert.10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the counter (24) emits the digitally coded signal via a data bus (DB), which on the one hand with the decoder (23) to control the switches of the resistor chain and on the other hand is connected to a digital / analog converter (22), which is a digital or analog optical display (25) for the meter reading in dimensionless Values and a circuit (26) controls which a corresponding to the count in his Provides an acoustic signal that varies in amplitude or frequency. 11. Gerät nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für Jede Betriebsart des Gerätes -ein.getrennter Ausgang vorgesehen ist, der bei Wahl der betreffenden Betriebsart ein Signal an einen entsprechenden Meldeeingang (E3 bis E5) der Digitalschaltung abgibt und daß die Digitalschaltung eine Steuerlogik enthält, die für Jede Betriebsart des Gerätes einen Betriebsartenspeicher (FF1 bis FF3) und einen diesem zugeordneten Datenspeicher (MI bis MIII) umfaßt, wobei die Dateneingänge (Din) aller Datenspeicher (MI bis MIII) mit dem Datenbus (DB1) und die Datenausgänge (Dout) aller Datenspeicher (MI bis MIII) mit einem weiteren, mit einem Preseteingang des Zählers (Z) verbundenen Datenbus (DB2) verbunden sind und der in der Jeweils gewählten Betriebsart aktivierte Betriebsartenspeicher die fortlaufende Übernahme und Speicherung der Ausgangsdaten des Zählers von dem ersten Datenbus (DB1) in den zugeordneten Datenspeicher sowie die fortlaufende Ausgabe der gespeicherten Daten über den zweiten Datenbus (DB2) steuert, bei Übergang auf eine neue Betriebsart die Dateneingabe und -ausgabe dieses Datenspeichers sperrt und bei erneuter Wahl der gleichen Betriebsart die Ausgabe der zuletzt gespeicherten Daten freigibt und gleichzeitig die Übernahme dieser Daten in den Zähler (Z) durch kurzzeitige Aktivierung dessen Preseteinganges steuert, sowie während der Aktivierung des Preseteinganges die Dateneingabe des Datenspeichers gesperrt hält.11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that for Each operating mode of the device - a separate output is provided, which when selected of the operating mode concerned, a signal is sent to a corresponding message input (E3 to E5) of the digital circuit and that the digital circuit has a control logic contains an operating mode memory (FF1 to FF3) and a data memory associated therewith (MI to MIII), the Data inputs (Din) of all data memories (MI to MIII) with the data bus (DB1) and the data outputs (Dout) of all data memories (MI to MIII) with another, with a preset input of the counter (Z) connected to the data bus (DB2) and the operating mode memory activated in the selected operating mode is the consecutive Transfer and storage of the output data of the counter from the first data bus (DB1) into the assigned data memory as well as the continuous output of the stored Controls data via the second data bus (DB2) when changing to a new operating mode the data input and output of this data memory is blocked and if the choice is made again the same operating mode enables the output of the last saved data and at the same time the transfer of this data to the counter (Z) by brief activation whose preset input controls, as well as during the activation of the preset input keeps the data entry of the data memory blocked. 12. Gerät nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsartenspeicher (FF1 bis FF3) den Preseteingang des Zählers (Z) über ein gemeinsames Monoflop (MF) ansteuern.12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the operating mode memory (FF1 to FF3) the preset input of the counter (Z) via a common monoflop (MF) drive. 13. Gerät nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontakte (K1, K2) über ein EXCLUSIV-NOR-Glied (G8) mit dem Preseteingang des Zählers verbunden sind.13. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the Contacts (K1, K2) via an EXCLUSIVE-NOR element (G8) with the preset input of the meter are connected. 14. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge (E3 bis E5) mit den Betriebsartenspeichern (FF1 bis FF3) über eine Plausibilitätskontrolle (29) verbunden sind, die bei fehlender Aktivierung oder bei Aktivierung von mehr als einer Betriebsart alle Betriebsartenspeicher (FF1 bis FF3) in den Ausgangszustand zurücksetzt.14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that that the operating mode message inputs (E3 to E5) with the operating mode memories (FF1 to FF3) are connected via a plausibility check (29) which, if there is no Activation or, if more than one operating mode is activated, all operating mode memories (FF1 to FF3) resets to the initial state. 15. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsartenspeicher aus Flip-Flops (FF1 bis FF3) bestehen, und daß deren Ausgänge (Q) über ein gemeinsames UND-Glied (G7) den Preseteingang des Zählers (Z) aktivieren, solange keiner der Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge ein Betriebssignal (L) erhält.15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that that the operating mode memories consist of flip-flops (FF1 to FF3), and that their Outputs (Q) via a common AND element (G7) the preset input of the counter (Z) Activate as long as none of the operating mode alarm inputs receive an operating signal (L) receives.
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