DE3003666A1 - Mechanically laying reinforcements for laminated components - using machine which winds unidirectional layers of filaments for subsequent bonding and cure - Google Patents

Abstract

Reinforcement system for flat or similar shape components or laminates consists of filaments which are laid to and fro in closed configurations to suit requirements, they are deposited as at least one layer covering the whole area and are bonded together either by pre-impregnating with resin and/or pre-bonding or by laying transverse adhesive strips, welding filaments, sewn threads, woven threads, etc. Reinforcement patterns are laid/orientated exactly to suit requirements, their filaments do not cross each other in a woven manner, numerous fibres are suitable (e.g. glass, carbon, polyester).

Description

Scrim for the production of a reinforcement of im

essential components consisting of surfaces and a device for producing the same The invention relates to a scrim for producing a Reinforcement of components consisting essentially of surfaces and a device for making the same.

Scrims are known per se. The simplest example is this artistic use of threads wrapped around nails driven into a board, with the constant change of direction of the tension threads original, in particular star-shaped patterns result This artistic work is called the clamping technique Layers of threads are also known in which the threads are essentially unidirectional be guided in a reciprocating motion, however, in this way and Way exclusively made of forms in the manner of tracks So describes e.g. DE-PS 20 54 448 a device for the production of non-woven mesh or scrims. Here, glitter fabrics are created by single threads, however not as a reinforcement fiber fabric, and only for the production of continuous webs. These scrims are also referred to as weft thread webs and can be continuous with warp thread webs and / or carriers made of textile and other materials, in particular Paper, metal foil or various films can be combined. There will be a first Weft thread withdrawn from a bobbin, runs through the interior of a hollow shaft and through a cranked arm of a rotary vane, after which it rotates the Wing of hollow cones and cylindrical spiral spirals around two edge warp threads is lying around. A second weft thread from a bobbin, also overhead is withdrawn, runs through a centered thread guide, a curved tube and through a centering eyelet and finally through another cranked arm of the rotary wing and then becomes in the same way as the first weft passed around the edge warp threads. The disadvantage is that both are tapered Threads one. Form a single clutch, and only in the form of a sheet, i.e. not in the Contours in itself. is completed, with constant thread crossings in the edge area occurrence. These result in nodes # which can be disadvantageous. Would a such scrim used as reinforcing material, so it is necessary to take off Punch or cut out the corresponding shapes of the web and continue to do so process, which creates a fray, especially the often underneath. heavy use standing edge areas is unavoidable.

Furthermore, DE-PS 17 60 828 a device for reducing the thread spacing or mesh sizes of thread layers shown and described, whereby the threads are led around pins O-This can also only be continuous a path # can be produced.

With every production of thread layers in web form there is always the Disadvantage that the final shape will be cut or punched out of the web must, since the strip is not used for winding0 This leads to the fact that short fiber material there arises what is not held on, falls out of the clutch and that differences are present in the layup parts. The object of the present invention is therefore based on a scrim for the production of a reinforcement of essentially from surfaces to create existing components, the contours of which are precisely matched to the component is, wherein the surface is covered in at least one, preferably several layers and the fibers producing the scrim do not cross in the sense of a Carry out interweaving od0 dgl0 with each other and the scrim as a flat, in itself closed reinforcement material can be fed to further processing.

The invention consists in that the scrim of fiber strands odedgl. and the fiber strands laid in a reciprocating, aligned course od0 dgl0 in a closed one that corresponds to the component to be manufactured from this Contours are placed, wherein the scrim has at least one layer that the surface covers and the fiber strands or the like either by pre-soaking in the resin bath and / or Pre-consolidation or by means of strips across the laying direction of the fiber strands odOdglO running connecting means, such as adhesive tape 9 welding threads, sewing threads ödgl. are connected to each other. It is thereby achieved that controlled by a single Work process an intermediate product ready for further processing from the wound Raw material up to the ready-to-press fiber scrim is produced. This intermediate has no disadvantages in terms of fraying edges, falling threads or fibers, but is in precisely specified shapes in uniform or desired he thickness present. In the reinforcing fiber fabric according to the invention, the labor-intensive cutting of sheet material and the associated waste and Cuts, apart from the fact that, as already mentioned, no damage to the Part is even more possible during transport. The parts can be used for press forming machine prefabrication with the highest level of accuracy.

Fiber strands made of unidirectional are used as reinforcement fibers Glass, carbon, aramid, boron, silicate or polyester fibers or similar or material with similar properties, avoiding the scrim any thread crossing, which inevitably leads to a loss of strength and rigidity would have to be produced.

Another idea of the invention is that a number of superimposed individual layers of aligned fiber strands or the like. arranged are, their orientation angles in relation to each other and to the main load axis of the component to be manufactured is freely selectable. This allows cas fiber scrims Adapt not only the contour of the component to be manufactured, but also its Loads that will be applied to the component later. It is beneficial to start in Establish a layer of the scrim in the direction of the main load axis.

Accordingly, there is a further essential concept of the invention in that the fiber strands or the like ~ at least one layer of the scrim with the main load axis of the component to be manufactured lie in the same direction It can now happen that some places of the scrim must be thickened. The control of the thread guide must then be arranged accordingly, for example, he goes to the same several times Elevations or a number of the same elevations, perhaps in a reciprocating manner Way, such that a layer, for example, in the central area of the surface doubles This could be necessary if, for example, a Reinforcement is desired or if the scrim does not continue later in a flat shape is processed, but profile parts of the scrim are to be produced. This is easily possible. You can use the scrim for the production of fiber-reinforced Use plastic laminates, which preferably have a fiber content of 50 to -60 % should have in order to achieve maximum strength with the lowest weight This fiber content can be achieved by using the scrim according to the invention Such a scrim has an added strength value compared to fabrics known per se has up to 50%, since the uncrossed threads do not work on each other must be taken here has the use of a scrim according to the invention for plastic laminates also have significant advantages over plastic laminates, which are unoriented Individual glass fibers can be combined in pre-resinated press mats Such previously known laminates can only have a fiber content of 20 to 30% and these laminates only have a very low tensile strength and that too a relatively high weight. In addition, these laminates still have to be cut to size.

If the scrim according to the invention for the production of a plastic laminate required, there is the considerable advantage that the form is already through the scrim is evenly provided with a fiber portion, of course as far as evenly, how the desired scrim is produced, and after pressing in one Mold under pressure and heat, the component is compression molded without cutting waste, loose edges or anything in the overall structure that interferes with tensile strength and breaking strength of the component is available.

Before the plastic laminate gets into the mold, it can be through a Resin bath are led, perhaps by a pair of nip rollers, to additional Squeeze the resin from the clutch to get into the mold.

The shape can be flat, arched or otherwise structured both in the surface and in the course of the surfaces. So can the most diverse Components are produced, which consist essentially of surfaces. Under the The term surfaces is not only to be understood as a flat surface, but it can also be one be a curved surface, a cambered or the like.

The laying directions of the different layers should be at an angle to each other lie, so that each has special properties, such as high flexural rigidity in one specific direction or tensile load capacity, preferably in the main load axis is achieved.

Through the formation of the above-described fabric or through the inventive Device it is possible to use a single controlled work process, possibly broken down into individual laying processes, an intermediate product ready for further processing From the wound raw material, preferably fiber strands, to the ready-to-press product To produce fiber fabrics.

In the reinforcing fiber fabric according to the invention, the labor-intensive one is eliminated Cutting of sheet material and the associated waste and cuttings. the Parts can be prefabricated mechanically for pressing with the highest degree of accuracy. Another advantage is that continuous mass production is possible is what, especially for flat mass parts, e.g., in vehicle construction, of importance is. It is possible to add component-specific properties via the fabric structure - e.g. by placing one or more glass fibers between several layers Layers of carbon fibers are arranged to have special properties, such as high flexural rigidity To achieve essentially in a certain direction or low structural weights fiber strands should be used that are not twisted, i.e. not as threads are to be designated, The twisting of the. Fiber strands in the sense of a spinning process or in the sense of a # twisting process again has the disadvantage that the single fiber is in frictional engagement with the adjacent fiber and the reinforcement is less is as with fiber strands. If necessary, alis can, ~ but also twisted or avch spun threads, put in between. who, if you have a certain QualltXt des Wants to achieve casual.

The device according to the invention for producing the scrim consists in that on a plate-like surface of a table odedglO or on a frame that encompasses a surface; a number of elevations of the shape of the component to be produced are arranged accordingly as thread deflection elements where- the shaped surface of the component from the elevations is completely approximately uniform is enclosed and a thread guide moved by means of a translation mechanism is arranged above the surface that performs a reciprocating movement and the thread guide around the at different distances from each other standing elevations in alternating motion is controllable under corresponding Advance of the table or frame or of the thread guide itself. With this device is achieved that a self-contained clutch can be made with relatively simple means. If a layer of the fabric is created with this device, this can already be done by connecting means applied across the laid fiber strands, such as adhesive strips, welding threads, sewing threads or the like. be attached after rotation the plate-like surface or the surface encompassed in a frame-like manner or after rotation the guide and guide elements of the thread guide will have a different orientation angle chosen in relation to the main load axis of the component and a new position applied to the first layer of the scrim, again preferably the entire area covering.

Another idea for the formation of the device according to the invention is that the alternating movement of the thread guide in relation to Table surface or frame is adjustable, so that different positions of the Laying at an angle to each other.

Furthermore, there is an essential concept of the device according to the invention in that the elevations are interchangeable or slidable on the table or frame are. The elevations can od as pins, bolts.

Like. Be trained and movable on or under the table or attached to the frame. The surface of the table or the like or the frame to accommodate elevations such as pins, bolts or the like #. from the surface or for carrying out the same from the lower surface, is perforated, wherein the perforation is in a grid system.

The arrangement of this grid system makes it possible to create any Form that fits into this grid, to swivel the turntable or also To adjust the angle of the frame in order to recreate a new laying exactly according to the grid to be placed on the first layer The grid system enables easier control of the thread guide in relation to the different pins, bolts or the like or to any other surveys. Furthermore, there is an idea of the invention Device in that the table or the frame is designed like a turntable or is stored and has a ~ center mark as a zero line, its position is angularly adjustable in relation to the translational movement of the thread guide, wherein Markings for determining the change in angle and locking means for The table or frame are provided. There is also the option of molded panels od-. Like to put on the table or the frame, whereby the shape of the to be produced Part is achievable in each case and the scrim is easy by lifting the mold surfaces is removable from the pins or bolts and without shifting the fiber strands is transportable in relation to each other, These mold plates or the like. do not have to be flat in the surface, they can be arched here, cambered ododgao Furthermore the device according to the invention consists of a work table mounted like a turntable or frame for receiving the pins for the thread deflections, in which these pins are arranged sunk according to a grid system in the retracted state and via a, preferably electromagnetic control, those pins for the Thread deflection can be pushed out of the work table, which is the outer contour correspond to the fiber fabric surface to be manufactured or the mold plate.

As already stated, after the production of a scrim the turntable mounted work table or frame in the exactly specified Brought angular position to the working axis of the thread guide, which preferably is arranged above the work table and only in a single axis, preferably in a transverse axis to the Ar work table in an alternating movement under the same Feed guides the pre-tensioned thread around the protruding pins' and drop. If the reinforcement fiber assembly is to consist of several layers, then for reasons of strength and rigidity for the later plastic component one precisely defined assignment of the fiber orientation angle to the longitudinal axis of the component or Main stress axis aimed at. For this purpose, the turntable is simply used stored worktable or the frame rotated by the appropriate amount and the program-controlled thread guide while maintaining its original working direction causes another fiber layer to be laid on.

These operations can be changed by changing the axis Repeat the work table as often as you like until the desired total fabric thickness is achieved. Instead of the prescribed work table mounted like a turntable, it is also possible to as already mentioned, a frame construction can be used, which also is rotatable about the vertical axis. In the frame construction, however, does not exist Possibility of preselecting any contours using a program control. One can therefore preferably use them for components whose size is the stipulated Would tower over the work table. The program control of the pins or bolts or of the thread guide is optionally carried out via a computer or via a so-called NC control, since the exact adaptation of the State of the pens is guaranteed in relation to the movement of the thread guide. ~ But there is also the possibility of the thread guide with a bridge also in grid spacing to equip standing selenium cells where - in the back and forth running thread guide through these selenium cells 'is' controlled by the fact that the raised elevations read as pins or bolts.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. They show: FIG. 1 a table in a diagram with a thread guide, FIGS. 2 + 3 further exemplary embodiments of turntable-like tables' also in the diagram, Fig. 4 is a plan view In a further exemplary embodiment 9, FIG. 5, a finished component is produced with a scrim according to FIG. 4, FIG. 6, an example of control for the movable ones Elements such as pins, plungers or 'bolts' Fig. 7 is a plan view of a frame construction 8 shows a removed scrim, FIG. 9 shows a cambered work table surface, FIG. 10 the possibility of creating a ring-like surface through the scrim, although only two layers have been laid.7 in plan view7 Fig. 11 a mold plate in diagram0 the Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a device for producing one according to the invention Laid. On a plate-like surface 10 of a table 1 that should According to the invention scrims 2 are produced, the fiber strand 20 thread-like is withdrawn from a reel 21, which is carried out by a translational movement Thread guide 3 to arranged on the surface of the table 1 elevations 4 executes.

The table 1 is preferably designed as a turntable with a stand 11, a foot 12, a fixed base plate 13 and the turntable plate 110. On the surface 10 of the table 1 elevations 4 are arranged, which in the illustrated Embodiment can be pins, plungers or bolts. The used pestle-like Elevations 4 have moved out of the turntable top 110, while not used plunger-like elevations 4 lie in the interior of the turntable top 110. One possible control mechanism is shown in FIG. 6 and described later.

The scrim 2 is placed around the elevations 4, the fiber strand 20 can initially be determined by linking to one of the surveys 4. Going back and forth around the elevations, how shown, the scrim is made in such a way that the fiber strands of a layer each unidirectional or

essentially unidirectional.

The thread guide 3, which in the present case is actually the correct fiber strand guide " could be called, but is usually called a thread guide, is means moved by a translation mechanism. He can drive on a rail 30 and carries inside a pole-changing motor 31 which drives the wheels 32. Below the rail 30 are controls 33 that either have a Control computer St or the like. each as stops corresponding to the position of the Surveys 4 are controlled in the travel path of the thread guide 3 or the example are designed as selenium cells and read the elevations 4 directly and only in each positive case feed this into the computer St. Thus the thread guide travels 3 always only the distance limited by the elevations 4. As can be seen from this, the transition mechanism can look different. There is also the possibility the feed arm 34 for the fiber strand 2p or for the arrangement of the bobbin 21 to pivot over the surface 10 in the direction of arrows A and B, if a Swivel joint 134 is arranged in the stand 35 of the feed arm-se in this case the pivot mechanism, which can be arranged in the stand 35, must also have a line to be connected to the computer or the control unit St.

The alternating movement of the thread guide 3 also takes place a corresponding feed. For this purpose the rail 30, which extends transversely Extends over the upper surface 10 of the table 1, on rails 50 which belong to the machine frame 5. In the illustrated embodiment is the rail 30 each on a carriage 1302 which can slide on rollers or runners and is suspended from an endlessly revolving chain 36. This chain is over preferably chain wheels 136 connected to one another in pairs are guided 9 with a chain pair is driven by a motor M, the gear 37 of which is preferably a creeper gear is trained. Limit switches 236 limit the travel of the car 130. These limit switches 236 are either directly connected to the preferably pole-changing motor M or via the control computer St. It will be a slow one Forward movement carried out in order to enable the alternating movement of the thread guide 3. here A step mechanism can also be installed in the area of the gear 37.

The return movement can take place quickly. The transmission 37 must therefore be variable so as not to lose time when the rail 30 is quickly retracted must become.

The return movement can be controlled manually or the controller also takes place via the control computer, which controls both the gearbox. 37 and the Motor M controls as well as controls 33. Sprockets 136 are each connected in pairs via a shaft 336.

The scrim is preferably designed such that the table 1 'with its turntable top 110 is in the zero line. A pointer points to the corresponding marking 0. If the clutch is completed in this form, then in between a gluing, welding, sewing or the like. the ones now lying in pairs Fiber strands 20 take place in one layer of the scrim, transversely to the direction of travel the then lying fiber strands.

However, the second layer can also be started immediately afterwards the table 1 with its turntable top 110 is brought into any position for precisely defined assignment of the fiber orientation angle, for example to the longitudinal axis of the component or to the main stress axis of the later component. The rotation can be made from the control unit St by entering the angle here is fed and it can also be done by hand, with the respective position of the turntable by the pointer 210 attached to the turntable top 110 is, is readable. Corresponding markings are on the fixed base plate 13 arranged.

The operation of the device is simple by pre-controlling the ram-like elevations 4 is initially the contour that the scrim will once have , should., set-. The laying process then begins, preferably in the angular position Zero If this preference is ended and the area is completely covered by one layer of the scrim filled in, on the one hand by the alternating movement of the thread guide 3 and the Forward movement of its rail 30 becomes the turntable-like table 110 in its Twisted position and a new layer of the fabric produced, with the expiry of the Coil 21 can easily be replaced as it is guided in an opening 234 of the Pivoting and feeding arm 34 lies The holding means for this coil, the withdrawal of the thread-like fiber strand 20 can take place in each case, as is the case with weft bobbins or bobbins in the weaving or spinning mill is common.

Fig. 2 shows the table of the device again in the diagram, however with the shaped plate 6e in place. The thread guide is not designed like a nozzle here, but as a plate and it is shown how the clamping process is used to produce the Laying above the mold plate 6 begins, the turntable plate 110 is here for the first layer set to 300.

Fig. 3 shows the development of the production of the scrim 2 during the phase of the formation of the second layer. Here the pointer 210 is on 0o This will usually the main load axis of the component to be manufactured later, from this The figure can also be clearly seen - that the first layer covers the entire area, and evenly, in that the fiber strands are laid unidirectionally and each other the second layer at an angle to this likewise in itself unidirectional to the first layer lays.

In Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the production of a scrim 2 shown with underlying mold plate 6, with only one in the middle in the 0 ° line Area has been covered, preferably even twice. There is thus the possibility that a layer 22 of the fabric 2 is designed as a double layer. There is also the Possibility that the location does not cover the entire area of the future component, but only partial areas are covered with this layer. Is the clutch completed so far, As shown in Fig. 4, with the aid of the mold plate 6, the entire The scrim can be removed from the elevations 4. In this illustrated embodiment the scrim consists of two machined at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the future component Layers and, for example, a double layer that is only a partial area is trained.

Fig. 5 shows the finished component pressed in the mold.

The scrim 2 can only be seen at the end for the sake of clarity. in the in general, it should be completely enclosed in plastic when crimping.

There is thus the possibility of adding one or several layers of the reinforcing fiber fabric and, if necessary, fixation of the fiber strands to one another, to one another and the like. In such a way that a reinforcing fiber mat is present is, this with the aid of the mold plate 6 and possibly one not shown To remove the receiving device from the work table or a frame structure and directly to a resin bath or

to feed an impregnation device for the purpose of pre-impregnation of the Reinforcement fiber fabric, to be taken directly from this in a further work step subsequently or later the component is closed by means of a press mold or lamination mold create. The parts can therefore be pressed with the greatest possible accuracy prefabricate by machine. It is one continuous mass production possible, which is especially important for flat mass parts #, e.g. B. important in vehicle construction is. It is possible to achieve component-specific properties via the fabric structure, e.g. by placing one or more layers of carbon fibers between several layers of glass fibers be arranged to have special properties such as high flexural rigidity in one to achieve a certain direction or low structural weights As already mentioned, preferably unidirectional glass, carbon, aramid, boron, silicate or polyester fibers with the possible avoidance of any yarn scattering in the sense a bond or the like. for the production of the reinforcing fiber fabric use. Which plastics or the like, e.g. resins, for further processing up to component production must be left to the respective processor of the clutch.

In Fig. 6 it is shown which possibilities exist, the ram-like Elevations 4 by the computer, for example by an NC control ~ electrical to control. The illustrated electrical control 8 consists of arranged in pairs Electromagnet-80 that can be selectively energized, creating a metal ring move as core 81 On this core 81, pestle-like parts are arranged which the surveys can form here. It can also be seen here that the mold plate 6 the pilot control of the ram-like elevations 4 in the area of the fabric to be laid prevented by the fact that die.Führungsbohrungen 310 of the turntable plate 110 closed will. The ram or elevations 4 standing on the edge of the mold plate 6 can The control unit also controls those further out, however St only the stored number of surveys before and only those that have the Directly enclose the form of the scrim 2, If the Elevations 4 can be adjustable stop screws 82 the movement of the plunger-like He lifts 4 or the cores 81 limit the same.

The movement device for the elevations 4, their attachment and their training can be varied. So you can simply insert it into the guide holes 310 above elevations 4 are used, which are for example bolt-like. this can also be done by hand or by piercing a plate. That-depicted The embodiment of FIG. 6 shows a controllable device.

Fig. 7 shows a frame construction. Here the top surface is 10 formed with the elevations by a frame 15.

This frame can be made of wood or metal. Fig. 7 shows a top view. The frame is adapted to the shape of the fabric to be produced. 7 shows a two-layer fabric with a molded plate 6 arranged underneath.

In Fig. 8, a scrim is shown with one layer. Here it becomes clear that there is the possibility of creating one or more layers 22, the area located within the elevations 4 of parallel Single fiber strands or threads through one or more, preferably at an angle of 450 welding, sewing or weaving threads spaced apart from the thread axis or to stabilize adhesive strips so that the scrim is away from the work table or the frame structure can be removed as an inherently stable structure. Furthermore, there is the possibility of stabilizing the reinforcing fiber structure by means of strips Bonding or resinification, if necessary also to achieve direct pre-resinification. These lanyards can already, since they are at a distance from one another, as FIG. 8 shows, in the sense a weave or sewing form a crosshair with the actual scrim 2, especially if the edge area is enclosed with a warp thread, the is provided with the reference numeral 123 in FIG. 8.

If such a crossing of the connecting means is made, this crossing should be so loose that the stability of the entire clutch does not suffer.

In Fig. 9 'an Ausfürungsbeispiel is shown in which the turntable 110 is cambered. It also be @ te @ t the option of not just the surface 10 cl: to be cambered over rotary table top 110, but there is also the option of to camber or curve the mold plate 6, as shown in FIG. 11. A crowning is advantageous because the entire edge area then rests on it.

The elevations 4 are preferably at right angles to the respective Shape of the surface 10.

In FIG. 10, an exemplary embodiment is shown in which the elevations 4 are not only in the edge area of the fabric, but also inside, see above that a passage cross section 24 remains free from laid threads. Here would have to the scrim can be led around the inner elevations 4, but this is possible. as shown in FIG.

In this case, the fiber strands or threads 20 deviate from their unidirectional one Location in this area. In Fig. 10 two layer formations are shown. Should he Passage cross-section 24 or the hole would still have to be more closely enclosed more layers can be applied.

The reinforcing fiber fabric according to the invention avoids all disadvantages of previously known scrims or versatility, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or web-shaped fabrics and also enables component-specific partial reinforcements, as already described by double laying or by controlled spacing reduction the fiber strands.

In addition, by adding strength and stiffness enhancers Carbon fiber materials a reinforcement of the fabric can be achieved. So it is self-contained Pre-product created that also has a mass use enables, in particular, a mass use of fiber composites in many Areas. Higher strength, greater rigidity, lower structural weights, Smaller manufacturing tolerances, less manual effort, all of this can be done with the inventive scrim alone and through the correct choice and application of the Reinforcement fibers and your material-appropriate processing method are made with relatively simple means, as the device shown shows.

As already mentioned, the training is both clutch and the device is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. So the grid in which the elevations 4 are located can be changeable and selected as desired be, also with regard to its size, instead of the thread guide 3 can also move the work table or under the translationally to and fro thread guide be movable, just as there is the possibility of the thread guide on a To arrange the running ring, so that the angle adjustment by pivoting the storage and direction of movement of the thread guide can be made. The training too the control can be varied, preferably a numerical control is selected (NC).

The post-processing of the scrim can also be varied. It will preferably first soaked in a resin bath, namely - before placing it in a mold, if necessary, first guided by a pair of squeeze rollers for squeezing superfluous Resin material and then brought into a mold in which the component is under pressure and Heat compression molding. Within this material lies what is self-contained Clutch 2.- L e r s e i t e

Claims (33)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e ================================ 1. Non-woven fabric for the production of reinforcement consisting essentially of surfaces Components or laminates, in that the fabric (2) consists of i'aserstrands (20) or the like and those aligned in reciprocating Course laid fiber strands (20) or the like. in according to what is to be produced from this Component predetermined closed contours are placed, the scrim (2) at least has a layer (22) which covers the surface and the fiber strands (20) or the like. either through pre-soaking in the resin bath and / or pre-consolidation or through strips across the laying direction of the fiber strands (20) oddgl. running lanyards (23), such as adhesive strips, welding threads, sewing threads, weaving threads or the like. connected with each other are. 2. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of superimposed individual layers aligned fiber strands (20) od. Like. Are arranged, their orientation angle in relation to each other and to The main load axis of the component to be manufactured is freely selectable. 3. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber strands at least one layer of the fabric (2) with the main load axis of the fabric to be produced Component lie in the same direction. 4. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that areas of the Layers are designed as a double layer (22). 5. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more Layers (22) are only laid as partial areas. 6. scrim according to claim 1 and one of the following claims, characterized characterized in that in the scrim a passage £ cross-section (24) free of the Leading the fiber strands (20) is left. 7. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting means (23) lie in the edge area of the scrim. 8. scrim according to claim 1 and one of the following claims, characterized characterized in that the scrim in the ratio of the individual layers to one another is free of thread crossing is laid. 9. scrim according to claim 1, characterized in that the scrim is designed as an inherently stable structure. 10. scrim according to claim 1 and one of the following claims, # characterized in that partial reinforcements of the fabric by changing the spacing the fiber strands (20) are provided. 11. scrim according to claim 1 and one of the following claims, characterized in that the scrim consists of fiber strands (20) with unidirectional Fibers in the strands. 12. scrim according to claim 1 and 11, characterized in that the Fabric made of carbon, aramid, boron, silicate 7> C% or polyester fibers exists in pure or mixed form. 13. scrim according to claim 1 and one of the following claims, characterized in that the Gleye -Latj <n (22) allf with different t1flterially in the fiber strands, preferably in the reinforcement areas, layers or partial layers of carbon fiber strands (20). 14. Apparatus for producing a scrim for essentially Components consisting of surfaces according to Claim 1, characterized in that on a plate-like surface (10) of a table (1) or the like. or on one Frame (15) which encompasses a surface, a number of elevations (4) in the shape of the components to be produced are arranged accordingly as thread deflection elements, whereby the shaped surface of the component from the elevations (4) is completely approximately uniform is enclosed and by means of a translation mechanism moved thread guide above the surface (10) is arranged, which performs a reciprocating movement and the thread guide (3) around the standing at different distances from each other Elevations (4) can be controlled in alternating movement with a corresponding advance of the table (l) or the like. or frame (15) or thread guide (3) itself. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the alternating movement of the thread guide (3) in relation to the table surface (10) or to the frame (15) is adjustable, so that different layers (22) of the laying (2) lie at an angle to each other. 16. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Elevations (4) interchangeable or displaceable in the table (1) or the like. or frame (15) are arranged. 17. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Elevations (4) as pins, plungers, bolts or. Like. Designed and movable on or under the table (1) oddgl. or frame (15) are attached or stored. 18. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Surface (10) of the table (1) or the like. or frame (15) for receiving elevations (4) such as pins, plungers, bolts or the like. from the surface or to the implementation the same is perforated from the lower surface, the perforation in a grid system. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the Perforation consists of a number of guide bores (310) in which the plunger-like Elevations (4), pins or bolts, are axially displaceable. 20. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Table (1) or the like. or frame (15) is designed or supported in the manner of a turntable and a center marking as a zero line, its position in relation to the Translational movement of the thread guide (3) is angularly adjustable, with markings to determine the change in angle and locking means for the table (1) or the like. or frame (15) are provided. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the Turntable plate (110) is arranged on a fixed base plate (13) which is provided with identification means. 22. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that on a shaped plate (6) is arranged on the surface (10), over which the scrim (2) can be laid, with the elevations (4-) lying or in the edge region of the mold plate (6) are pilot operated. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the Form plate (6) cambered, arched or provided with a passage cross-section is 24. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the plunger-like Elevations (4) by means of an electric control (8), preferably an electromagnet (80) are movable, the electromagnets being connected to a control unit St, preferably a computer or the like are connected. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the butt-like elevations (4) with associated adjustable stop screws (8?) Are provided that fix the rest position. 26. The device n-ach claim 14, characterized in that transversely A movable rail (30) or the like is provided over the work table (1), in which the thread guide (3) can be moved in an electrically, optically or magnetically controlled manner is arranged, its back and forth movement of the position of the elevations (4) each corresponds to enclosing the elevations (4) with a fiber strand 27 Device according to claim 26, characterized in that the thread guide (3) is a Feed arm (34) is assigned, which has a coil (21). 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the Feed arm (34) mounted on a stand (35) with a swivel joint (134) is, where it is dependent on or independent of the thread guide (3) a reciprocating Has motion drive. 29. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the The rail (30) is movably mounted on a machine frame (5) on rails (50) is and is provided with a controllable movement drive. 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the Movement of the rail (30) is provided plane-parallel to the upper surface (10) of the table (1) is. 31. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the Device is assigned a control unit (St), a computer or a numerical one Control (sec), the control unit electrically at least with the thread guide (3), preferably also with the ram-like elevations (4) and the feed drive (30.37M) for the thread guide is connected. 32. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper surface (10) of the table (1) is curved. 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the Elevations (4) at right angles to the surface (10) of the table (1) or the like. stand.