DE2947611A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING BOARD SLATS FROM ROD - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-lng. Curt Wallach Dipl.-Ing. Günther Koch Dipl.-Phys. Dr Tino Haibach Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Feldkamp

D-8000 Munich 2 Kaufingerstraße 8 Telephone (0 89) 24 02 75 Telex 5 29 513 wakai d Date: November 26, 1979 Our reference: 16 78l - K / Aρ

Applicant: Kurt Feyler

Degree. -Building Engineer

Jahnstrasse 5

Sonnefeld b. Coburg

Name: Process for the production of

Board lamellas made from round wood

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The invention is based on a method described in the preamble of claim 1 specified genus.

Such methods aim at making the round or oval cross-section of the grown trunk as large as possible to make usable. Due to the rounding of the tree, processing results in rectangular cross-sections Boards or lamellas in the area of these tree curves are a waste, the percentage the larger the smaller the The diameter of the logs used is. This problem was, as for example GB-PS 11 828 from the year 1904 teaches, recognized at an early stage. In order to make better use of the available cross-section, it is suggested here that a trimming in each case along the edges caused by the saw cuts, d, h, the cut edges with the To make the tree rounding and then to glue the boards cut in this way in opposite directions to form panels. From this it is also known to profile the gluing surfaces or to be provided with grooves in order to allow the pressing pressures to act more favorably.

A similar method is known from US-PS 32 63 722, Instead of boards, boards are produced by placing a board in the middle with a correspondingly trimmed board cut through and glued together at the trimmed diagonal edges. By this patent it is It has also become known to take into account the conicity in the longitudinal direction of the trunk by placing the trimmed board halves in opposite directions converging - or diverging glued together.

It is also known from DE-OS 21 59 337, a staircase-shaped To carry out acidification with even steps, whereby a favorable gluing even with small edging

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Sehnonwinkel can be achieved. Due to the uniform staircase formation, however, goes to the profiled edges Wood is lost because the profile is outside the lenticular overlap section caused by the rounding of the tree lies.

Such a loss can be avoided by the profile formation according to DE-OS 27 20 762, because here the Profile step is limited to the overlap portion, but this profiling sets one another as a starting workpiece the same workpieces, as can be seen, for example, from DE-AS 27 08 5I8 and the associated additional DE-OS 27 50 results. According to the method known from these patents, the logs must first be on a uniform Diameter (cm division) can be turned off, which requires a considerable amount of work. After that they are now Circular cylindrical workpieces laterally provided with guide surfaces, which means a further workload and a percentage requires not inconsiderable waste. Only then can the cross-sectional division according to a predetermined one according to the known method Cut pattern made.

In addition, other known methods result in wood losses in that the board lamellas are produced from undried wood, because width tolerances due to the later drying occur, which lead to a large planing loss in the width of the glue beam during later gluing and a lateral Make it difficult to align the slats.

Other methods have the disadvantage that although the cross section of the trunk is used relatively well, this advantage, however, with complex and energy-consuming processing operations how sawing and gluing is bought.

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The invention is based on the object of providing a method of production while weighing economic aspects of board lamellas, with optimal use of the trunk cross-section, especially of weak round timber carried out in a time-saving and energy-saving manner using automated processes can be and leads to inexpensive products.

The problem posed is achieved by the features characterized in the characterizing part of claim 1.

According to the invention, sorting takes place in stepwise diameter intervals, i.e. one diameter range in each case, which can be offset centimeter by centimeter in the case of smaller diameters, are optimal cross-sectional images arithmetically or planemetrically, which are then used for further processing and trimming. Here you can Durclimesner several with regard to their wood cross-section utilization equivalent cross-sectional images can be assigned and the decision as to which one is used in each case can be made be made dependent on other factors.

The inventive method, which is a systematic Structure, it becomes possible to fully automate the processing from start to finish, with the The entire process sequence can be carried out by a suitably programmed computer, depending on the desired factors (e.g. with regard to further processing) can be entered individually (these can be one of several sectional images determine) and on the other hand detectors can be provided in the simplest way, which are dependent on Carry out the desired profiling of the cross-sectional dimensioning of the unedged board, with the profiling again in detail by entering the purpose or

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other factors in the computer can be determined.

In this way, it is possible for the first time, with a reasonable amount of work and energy, to achieve a largely optimal use of logs that were previously only used as paper wood, pit wood or firewood and that are also available in sufficient quantities domestically . On the other hand, the invention ensures that the fiber structure of the wood is largely retained and also remains visible when the board lamellas produced in this way are further processed for building purposes.

Further expedient refinements of the invention emerge from subclaims 2 to 21.

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Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:

Pig. I.

up to 15 cross-sectional cross-sectional images for optimal Utilization of the timber cross-section in the case of weak round timber in the diameter ranges between d «80mm and d s? 220 mm;

Pig. 16

up to 26 different versions of edging profiles two in each case designed in a complementary manner and joined and glued together Longitudinal margins.

Figures 1 to I5 show cross-sectional views of round timbers, which have been cut into lengths of approx. 2.70 m and then sorted according to their plait diameter, which is stored in the each figure is denoted by d. Since the logs have been deflected into relatively short pieces, plays here the conicity only has a relatively subordinate importance with regard to the waste. The selection of the layplan takes place in each case taking into account the smallest diameter. However, since the invention does not apply to the use this short log sections is limited and can also be used for longer timbers, especially if these show a straight growth, should be reserved according to the invention, the conicity in the longitudinal direction of the fibers to take into account that in a manner known per se, two conical board sections with reversed conicity be glued together lying down. For the following considerations, it is irrelevant whether the round timbers are parallel

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be trimmed flanked or conically, because in the case of a conical trimming only additionally during processing the required taper in the longitudinal direction of the fibers must be taken into account, as this is known per se is.

Ih the sectional images according to Figure 1 to 15 are the diameter specifications as the approximate dimensions of the debarked logs specified. Because, of course, a different pattern should not be used for each diameter dimension, but rather an optimization is to be carried out on as few sectional images as possible, it being shown that jumps in diameter of 10 mm are quite sufficient with regard to a certain cutting pattern. Sorting takes place in the Way that, for example, all round timber with a plait diameter of greater than 100 mm, but smaller than 110 mm, etc. In each case a stack is fed and then subjected to an identical sectional image processing, whereby of course other diameter limits can also be used for sorting. The ones indicated in the drawing Dimensions and step holes are therefore not restrictive and are only to be considered as examples.

The different cross-sections were made for the different plait diameters with a view to cost-effectiveness and optimal cross-sectional utilization of the round timber is selected, i.e. the thickness of the boards produced by the saw cuts should not fall below a certain minimum in order to be economical with regard to the required gluing To ensure the production of panels or glued laminated timber.

The first step is to use

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The parallel cuts that run vertically in the drawing are carried out with the corresponding saws set. After the wood has dried, it is trimmed, whereby lamellae with a rectangular cross-section are replaced by parallel-flanked ones Edging can be formed where the low height of the remaining circular arc section makes use of this Section makes it appear economically unreasonable. These lamellae are identified by the reference number 30 in the drawing.

It can be seen that such a rectangular trimming becomes economical only from a diameter of about 120 mm. As can be seen from the drawing, it is in each case the middle board or boards that are expediently subjected to such a rectangular trimming. However, calculations have shown that with certain cross-sections, rectangular trimming of all the boards obtained can be economical, as can be seen, for example, from FIGS. 9d, 10d, 11d, 12a and 12c. The lateral lamellas J> 2 not only have a smaller height, but also a smaller width than the central lamellas 30.

However, a profitability calculation teaches that since / 3 im generally an inclined trimming of at least the outer boards, the degree of utilization of the wood in these Sections of a circle is advantageous. In all of FIGS. 1 to 15, those longitudinal edges are those that run at an angle Edging are particularly subjected to FIGS. 16 to 26, marked with a double line. if it is assumed that the panels produced by gluing the obliquely trimmed longitudinal edges are smooth and uninterrupted Should have top or bottom, there is a maximum utilization of wood when a straight trimming cut is carried out so that the trimmed

The waste that has stood in the cross-section forms a segment of a circle. For applications where depressions running parallel to one another can be accepted in the wooden panel, a somewhat better utilization can still be achieved by making the trimming cut only part of the remaining Trimming section of a circle. The problems of gluing are insofar in both cases the same as gluing is technically and economically only possible and sensible if the angle of attack the cut edge does not fall below a predetermined angle with respect to the plane of the board. From an angle of approx. 35 ° is a complementary profile of the trimmed Longitudinal edges are generally necessary or expedient and, as mentioned above, is one made for this purpose Profiling known per se. The profiling not only causes a lateral shift of the glued Planks prevented, but there is also an increase in the glue surface.

In general, it will be useful to glue the parallel-flanked lamellas JO obtained from a diameter stack or the boards Jh to be trimmed at an angle to one another, but lamellas JO and boards ~} k can also be glued together with complementary trimming, provided that that these have the same board thickness and the same angle determined by the chord of the trimming section with respect to the board plane.

With larger braid diameter dimensions from about 120 mm (Fig. 5), there are usually several possible sectional images, which do not differ significantly from one another in terms of waste and processing effort.

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Such different sectional images are shown lying horizontally next to one another in FIGS. 5 and J to 15. The selection of the cut pattern will generally depend on whether the rectangular or diagonally trimmed strips that arise in the different cut patterns in the edge area are required or whether they can be further processed economically or not. With the aid of a requirement calculation, the most favorable cross-section in each case can be found, particularly in connection with a computer. In connection with suitable, automatically working measuring devices, it is also possible to use a suitably programmed computer to calculate which sectional images or which combination of SehnLttbLidern is most appropriate when a certain round wood supply is available, taking into account the requirements.

In the following, the problem of gluing the trimmed edges is discussed in connection with FIGS. where boards with corner edges running parallel to one another are assumed, and only the case of one Gluing is considered, which results in flat top and bottom views of the panels produced in this way. The following explained, Reference numerals registered only in FIG. 16 apply to the corresponding parts of FIGS. I7 to 26. In FIG In each case, two diagonally trimmed boards 36 and 38 glued together at their complementary trimmed edges. The dash-dotted line 40 represents the imaginary Chord, i.e. the base of the circle segment, which would result from a level trimming. The endpoints 42 and The chord 40 is shared by both boards 36 and 38, i.e. the points 42 and 44 form the upper and lower connecting edges in the plate plane.

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The dashed circular arc sections 46 and 48 characterize the tree curvature of the relevant board, which, as can be seen, run through points 42 and 44, respectively. As can be seen, the board 36 is the curve of the tree of the circular arc section 46 and the board 38 is assigned the tree curve of the circular arc section 48.

In all of the figures, a profiling line is fully drawn between these circular arc sections 46 and 48 50 is drawn, which shows the trimming of the two boards 3J6 and 38 to give them a complementary cross-section. Accordingly, the edge of the Board 36, the area between the profiling line 50 and milled out the circular arc section 46 and from the edge of the board 38 the area between the profiling line 50 and the circular arc section 48.

According to the exemplary embodiments shown, the chord 40 lies in the middle between the circular arc sections 46, 48 with the same radius of curvature, so that the latter result in a lens cross-section which is symmetrical with respect to the chord 40. According to the illustrated exemplary embodiments , all circular arc sections 46, 48 have an identical radius. However, this naturally only applies to a special pigtail diameter. Just like this braid diameter and accordingly the circular arc, the angle of the chord 40 with respect to the plane of the board naturally also changes, depending on the cross-section and the braid diameter, as a consideration of FIGS. 1 to 15 teaches. In general, the boards lying symmetrically to one another in the sectional view are glued together, which were obtained from a supply of a certain plait diameter. Assuming the same board thickness and the same chord angle, you can

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but boards are also glued together, the tree curves of which have deviating circular arc sections, so that the lens formed by the circular arc sections 46 and 48, which defines the overlap cross section, does not necessarily have to run in a mirror-inverted manner parallel to the chord 40, again only the prerequisite must exist that the end points of the circular arc sections intersect at points 42, 44, which are also intersected by the chord 40 will. A prerequisite for optimal wood utilization is further that the profiling line 50 within of the overlap section caused by the circular arc sections 46, 48. It can be useful to allow the profiling line 50 to run in the overlap section on both sides of the chord 50, as is the case, for example is shown in Figures 16 and 18, but it is also possible to use this profiling line on a part of the overlapping section, i.e. towards the cross section between the chord 40 and one of the circular arc sections 46 and 48 restrict. The only requirement for perfect gluing is complementary profiling or trimming of the sections to be glued together.

The stair-like profiling shown in FIGS. 16 to 18 with various profiling possibilities has proven itself for Many uses have proven to be particularly advantageous as glue joints are formed here, on the one hand run parallel to the board plane and on the other hand perpendicular to it, which can be advantageous in terms of gluing can, because the glue joints are acted upon by defined longitudinal or transverse pressure. On the other hand result for certain applications have favorable strength properties.

Further useful configurations of the profile connections

1 & 0022/0 «19

result from FIGS. 19 to 26. Thus, according to 19 or 24 a finger jointing is carried out, or a Tongue and groove connection according to Fig. 23 * 25 and 26, or it Intermediate shapes according to FIGS. 20 to 22 can be selected, the choice of shape depending on the angle of attack the tendon and other factors that can determine one or the other profile preferable for the particular connection.

From the glued according to Fig. 16 to 26 boards are cut board lamellas, which then with their Broad sides can be glued, so that beams with a rectangular cross-section or with different profiles Beams, for example double-T beams, can be produced.

The gluing takes place by hot glueing or in particular by high-frequency gluing, through which the latter ensures that essentially only the Glued joint provided with the moist glue is exposed to heating, which saves a considerable amount of energy and Improvement of the gluing compared to hot gluing in a heating chamber results, as is known per se.

As can be seen, the waste resulting from the trimming is small and at most on the section of the circle on the Trimmed edge limited. In this way it becomes accordingly possible to use even slender round timber economically beneficial use, with the small remaining waste, which results from the sectional images according to FIGS. 1 to 15, as waste from the cellulose industry can be fed.

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Although the invention is particularly advantageous for round timber smaller diameter is applicable, it can of course also be used sensibly with logs of larger diameter In this case, the use of longer trunk lengths and the consideration of the conicity in the longitudinal direction of the trunk by joining converging and diverging boards together can be useful.

According to the embodiments described above, the carrier (e.g. Hetzer carrier) is made from the glued Boards in such a way that initially board lamellas of the same (or for the production of certain cross-sectional profiles unequal) width and then glued together. However, it is also intended to be reserved for the invention remain, first to glue the panels together in a manner known per se and from the blocks obtained in this way Cut out parallel-flanked beams.

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Claims (21)

Patent claims: 1. A process for the production of lamellas from round wood, preferably for use in glued wood construction, e.g. for the production of glued wood profile beams, in which round wood, preferably of smaller diameter, cut to the same length, after sorting to predetermined plait diameter according to a predetermined cutting pattern, are sawn and trimmed, with the trimming is carried out at least partially in order to utilize the rounding of the tree with complementary profiles running at an angle to the board plane, which are glued together to form boards or panels and can later be cut to the width of board lamellas,
characterized in that the sorted round timbers are only sawn and dried immediately after debarking according to a cut pattern (Fig. 1 to 15) which is predetermined according to the plait diameter and which is different for each diameter, and in each case two longitudinal board edges to be connected, provided with tree curves, within their overlapping section (46 , 48; Fig. 16) are profiled and glued, the complementary profiling taking place in accordance with preselected factors or factors determined by measurement and / or calculation in accordance with a profiling image that is optimal for the relevant factors according to one of FIGS. 16 to 26. 2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the round timbers in the bark are periodically sprinkled with water during sorting and storage prior to processing, and that the circular timbers are cut in an undried state and the board edges are processed after drying. 130022/0616 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the cutting and / or the edging profile using measuring elements and Input of usage data is determined by a preprogrammed computer. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that by measuring sensors the plait thickness of the untrimmed, dried board is determined and the processing machine computer-controlled to the required optimal profiling. 5. The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that that the sensor scans the board mechanically, photoelectrically or acoustically at different points and the resulting values are entered into the computer. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that in a known way, in addition to the roundness of the tree, the conicity of the trunk in the longitudinal direction thereby it is taken into account that alternately converging and diverging boards with a complementary profile be glued together. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sectional image (Fig. 1 to 15) as a function from the pigtail diameter, taking into account the resulting 130022/0616 - ] / - 29A7611 Loss of wood and taking economic factors into account Machining operations is chosen, where Several sectional images can be assigned to a plait diameter, depending on other factors can be selected on a case-by-case basis, preferably via a computer. 8. The method according to claim 7,
characterized in that the sectional image has exclusively diagonally trimmed or profiled board edges (eg Fig. 1, 2, 7a, 8b, 9b, 10b, lib). 9. The method according to claim 7,
characterized in that the cross-sectional image contains, in addition to obliquely trimmed or profiled boards (J> K), straight profiled boards 30 (for example, FIGS. 5b, 6, 7b, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a). 10. The method according to claim 7,
characterized in that the sectional image has, apart from boards (30 or 30a) of the same thickness trimmed at an angle and at an angle, lateral lamellas (32) of smaller thickness in the form of strips. 11. The method according to claim 7,
characterized in that the sectional view has exclusively rectangularly trimmed boards of the same or different thicknesses (FIGS. 12a, c, 15a, d). 130022/0816 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the trimming profile (50) within the Overlap area lies on both sides of the overlap halves connecting the eoclines (42 and 44) (FIGS. 16, 18). 13. The method according to claim 1, that the trimming profile (50) only within one half of the overlap portion between the corner edges (42,44) determined tendon (40) and a tree curvature curve (46 or 48) (e.g. Fig. to 26). 14. The method according to any one of claims 12 or 13 * characterized, that the trimming profile (50) is staircase-shaped (Figs. 16-18). 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 or 13 * characterized, that the trimming profile is finger-jointed (e.g. Fig. 19, Fig. 24). 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 or I3 * characterized, that the edging profile is formed with tongue and groove parallel flanks to the broad sides of the board (e.g. Fig. 25). 17. The method according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in, that one or more sections of the trimming profile 130022/0618 rait of the chord (40) connecting the corner edges (42, 44) coincide (FIG. 2J, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG. 18, FIG. 19). 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 or IJ>, characterized in that the trimming profile is at least partially rounded (eg Fig. 20, Fig. 22). 19. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the mutually perpendicular sections of the stair profile by one in the Tendon (40) extending bevel (26) are connected (Fig. 26). 20. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the steps run at an angle deviating from a right angle to one another are arranged (Fig. 21). 21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that that the gluing in the edging profile using longitudinal and transverse pressing in a high-frequency field takes place continuously or intermittently. 130022/061 β