CA2215890C - A process for making a wood board and the wood board - Google Patents
A process for making a wood board and the wood board Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2215890C CA2215890C CA 2215890 CA2215890A CA2215890C CA 2215890 C CA2215890 C CA 2215890C CA 2215890 CA2215890 CA 2215890 CA 2215890 A CA2215890 A CA 2215890A CA 2215890 C CA2215890 C CA 2215890C
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- wood board
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 240000009002 Picea mariana Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000017997 Picea mariana var. mariana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000018000 Picea mariana var. semiprostrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000283070 Abies balsamea Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000004710 Abies lasiocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008124 Picea excelsa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000000020 Picea glauca Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008127 Picea glauca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000218596 Picea rubens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000218680 Pinus banksiana Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008565 Pinus banksiana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZXSBYAWLZRAJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde phenol Chemical compound C1(O)=C(C(O)=CC=C1)C=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZXSBYAWLZRAJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- JZLWSRCQCPAUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JZLWSRCQCPAUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001145 finger joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
- B07C5/14—Sorting timber or logs, e.g. tree trunks, beams, planks or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
- B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The process for making a wood board comprises the steps of: a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous wood and each having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood; c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density; d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board. The board produced thereby shows excellent mechanical characteristics. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a process for making high strength lumber products from coniferous trees which are traditionally considered as nonstructural wood.
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood; c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density; d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board. The board produced thereby shows excellent mechanical characteristics. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a process for making high strength lumber products from coniferous trees which are traditionally considered as nonstructural wood.
Description
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 A PROCESS FOR MAKING A WOOD
BOARD AND THE WOOD BOARD
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the art of wood. More particularly, it concerns a process for making a wood board from coniferous trees and the wood board produced thereby.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Coniferous trees such as black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch, because of their small size, are traditionally known to produce low grade quality lumber products such as wood chips or l"X3", l"X4" and l"X6"
boards. Uses of those coniferous trees for structural purposes are very limited because of their inherent weakness. Presently, the demand for those low-grade quality products is not as high as the demand for high-grade quality and as can be easily understood, the latter is a lot more profitable for producers.
Therefore, there is presently a need for a process that will permit new, interesting and profitable uses for those coniferous trees.
Known in prior art, there is US patent no 3,580,760 in the name of Koch. This document describes a process for making a laminated wood product utilizing modulus of elasticity measurement. An object of this process is the making of high strength laminates from boltwood trees which was then considered a nonstructural material because of its small size CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 and its relatively high proportions of juvenile wood. This document teaches to arrange into a laminated structure the laminae that have the greatest deflection in the center of the structure and those with progressively less deflection located away from the center. As can be easily understood, this process is time-consuming and is not adapted to industrial production of wood board.
Also known in prior art, there is US patent no 3,961,654 in the name of Hasenwinkle, that describes a process for making a compo~ite lumber product from a generally cylindrical log.
The log is cut radially into a plurality of sector-shaped pieces. These pieces are rejoined two by two, by bonding them along opposed radial faces to form a parallelogram or a rectangle. A plurality of those parallelograms or rectangles are edge-bonded together into wider planar shapes. An object of the invention described therein is to manufacture composite lumber products that have improved quality.
Other examples of prior art related to the art of wood are described in the following references:
3,580,760 May 25, 1971 P. Koch 3,961,654 June 8, 1976 Hasenwinkle 2,589,316 March 18,1952 A.M. Young 4,934,228 June 19, 1990 Bolton et al.
5,059,472 Oct.22,1991 Le Bell et al.
5,135,597 Aug.4, 1992 Barker 5,002,105 Mar. 26,1991 Bodig 1,778,333 Oct. 14, 1930 H. Neumann 2,942,635 June 28, 1960 R.C. Horne 5,648,027 Jul. 15, 1997 Tajiri et al.
4,496,421 Jan.29,1985 Byars et al.
BOARD AND THE WOOD BOARD
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the art of wood. More particularly, it concerns a process for making a wood board from coniferous trees and the wood board produced thereby.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Coniferous trees such as black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch, because of their small size, are traditionally known to produce low grade quality lumber products such as wood chips or l"X3", l"X4" and l"X6"
boards. Uses of those coniferous trees for structural purposes are very limited because of their inherent weakness. Presently, the demand for those low-grade quality products is not as high as the demand for high-grade quality and as can be easily understood, the latter is a lot more profitable for producers.
Therefore, there is presently a need for a process that will permit new, interesting and profitable uses for those coniferous trees.
Known in prior art, there is US patent no 3,580,760 in the name of Koch. This document describes a process for making a laminated wood product utilizing modulus of elasticity measurement. An object of this process is the making of high strength laminates from boltwood trees which was then considered a nonstructural material because of its small size CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 and its relatively high proportions of juvenile wood. This document teaches to arrange into a laminated structure the laminae that have the greatest deflection in the center of the structure and those with progressively less deflection located away from the center. As can be easily understood, this process is time-consuming and is not adapted to industrial production of wood board.
Also known in prior art, there is US patent no 3,961,654 in the name of Hasenwinkle, that describes a process for making a compo~ite lumber product from a generally cylindrical log.
The log is cut radially into a plurality of sector-shaped pieces. These pieces are rejoined two by two, by bonding them along opposed radial faces to form a parallelogram or a rectangle. A plurality of those parallelograms or rectangles are edge-bonded together into wider planar shapes. An object of the invention described therein is to manufacture composite lumber products that have improved quality.
Other examples of prior art related to the art of wood are described in the following references:
3,580,760 May 25, 1971 P. Koch 3,961,654 June 8, 1976 Hasenwinkle 2,589,316 March 18,1952 A.M. Young 4,934,228 June 19, 1990 Bolton et al.
5,059,472 Oct.22,1991 Le Bell et al.
5,135,597 Aug.4, 1992 Barker 5,002,105 Mar. 26,1991 Bodig 1,778,333 Oct. 14, 1930 H. Neumann 2,942,635 June 28, 1960 R.C. Horne 5,648,027 Jul. 15, 1997 Tajiri et al.
4,496,421 Jan.29,1985 Byars et al.
3,908,725 Sept.30, 1975 Koch CA 0221~890 1998-06-29 An object of the present invention is to propose a process for making a wood board that satisfies the above-mentioned needs. More particularly, an object of the present invention is to propose a process for making a wood board from coniferous trees, the board produced thereby showing excellent mechanical characteristics.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for making a high strength structural wood board from coniferous trees which are traditionally considered as nonstructural wood.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for making a wood board, the process comprising the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree and each preferably having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fibre density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fibre density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density which is preferably equal to 0,420 g/cm3;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
Preferably, prior to step d), the pieces of wood selected in step c) are joined end to end to form a plurality of lamellae of wood and in step e) those lamellae are bonded side by side to form the wood board.
The coniferous tree is preferably selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch. Most preferably, it is black spruce.
CA 0221~890 1998-06-29 Also preferably, the above process comprises after step c), the additional step of removing any defect present in each of the pieces of wood selected in step c).
The present invention also relates to a wood board obtained by the process described above.
A further object of the present invention is to propose a structural wood board (10) characterized in that it comprises a plurality of edge-bonded pieces of wood (14) made of a coniferous tree selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, jack pine, balsam fir and larch, most preferably from black spruce.
Among others, the present invention provides new interesting and profitable uses for coniferous trees traditionally known as nonstructural material. The present invention also allows the quantity of wood required for any construction to be reduced without affecting the strength of the construction.
A non restrictive description of preferred embodiments of the invention will now be given with reference to the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a wood board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figures 2a) to 2g) are each a perspective view of a wood board according respectively to another preferred embodiment of the present invention showing only an end portion of the board.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to figure 1, a wood board (10) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a plurality of lamellae of wood (12a and 12b) edge joined CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 .
together. Depending on the length of the board (10) required, each of the lamellae (12) preferably consist of a single pieces of wood (14) as for lamellae (12a) or consist of a plurality of pieces of wood (14), joined end to end in order to obtain a desired length for each lamella, as for lamellae (12b).
In general, the thickness (t) of a wood board (10) according to the present invention preferably varies approximately between 1.25 to 3.00 inches, the width (w) preferably varies between 1.50 to 96.00 inches and the length (l) preferably vary between 48 to 720 inches. However, it should be understood that a wood board according to the present invention may have other dimensions than the ones above without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Each lamella (12a,12b) preferably has a thickness comprised between 1.25 to 3.00 inches, a width varying from 0.5 to 4.00 inches and a length varying from 48 to 720 inches.
The length of each piece of wood (14) preferably varies from 8 to 96 inches.
Each piece of wood (14) comes from a coniferous tree and has been specifically selected in order to make a wood board of superior quality. This board shows uniform quality throughout and may be used for structural purposes. More particularly, only the pieces of wood (14) having at least a predetermined average fibre density are selected and any defect such as knots, blazes, blights, cracks, flaws or deviation present in each of the pieces of wood (14) selected have preferably been removed.
Each piece of wood (14) comes from a coniferous tree which is preferably selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch. Most preferably, the coniferous tree is the black spruce.
CA 0221~890 1998-06-29 In order to obtain a wood board that may compete with lumber products traditionally used for structural purposes, the average fiber density of each of the pieces selected is at least equal to 0.420 g/cm3. It has been discovered that among the pieces of wood coming from coniferous trees, the ones that show the best mechanical properties are those coming from the top of the tree or from stunted trees having a very slow growing rate. Those small trees may reach 120 years, thereby providing very close and dense fibers.
As already known in prior art, the mechanical properties of a piece of wood is directly related to its fiber density.
Thus, selecting the pieces of wood according to their fiber density, also means that the selection is made according to their mechanical properties.
The lamellae (12) are joined edge to edge preferably by means of glue. The glue used is preferably a structural wood glue known in the art and may be selected from among pure resorcinol and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) or it may be a nonstructural wood glue selected from among polyvinyl acetate (PVA), urea melamine (UM) or urea formaldehyde.
The edges (16) of the lamellae (12) may be plane, as shown in figure 1 or they may be profiled as shown in figures 2a) to 2g).
The profile is preferably selected from among a T-shaped profile as in figure 2a), an obliquely-shaped profile as in figure 2b), a squarely-shaped profile as in figure 2c), a triangularly-shaped profile as in figure 2d), a circularly-shaped profile as in figure 2e), a step-shaped profile as in figure 2f) and a finger-shaped profile as in figure 2g).
When the lamellae (12) are formed from a plurality of pieces of wood (14) joined end to end, those pieces (14) are preferably finger-jointed by means of glue as shown in figure 1. Finger jointing is already known in prior art and does not require further explanation.
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 BEST MODB OF REALIZATION OF A PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT
INVENTION
The process for making a wood board (10) as described above comprises the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood (14) each from a coniferous tree and each having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood (14);
c) selecting among the pieces of wood (14) those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood (14) selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood (14) planed off in step d) by means of their edges (16) to form the wood board.
In step e), the pieces of wood (14) are preferably edge-glued together by using an appropriate wood glue as described hereinbefore.
Preferably, if any piece of wood (14) selected in step c) is not long enough, for example if its length is less than 4 feet, the process comprises, prior to step d), an additional step of jointing end to end said pieces of wood (14) to form a plurality of lamellae of wood (12) and in step e) those lamellae (12) are bonded side by side to form the wood board (10). The jointing is preferably made with a finger-joint using an appropriate wood glue.
AS mentioned before, in order to make a wood board (10) that may compete with traditional structural lumber products, the predetermined fiber density is approximately 0,420 g/cm3.
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 Preferably, the process comprises, after step c), the additional step of removing any defect present in each of the pieces of wood (14) selected in step c).
The selection of the appropriate pieces of wood (14) is obtained by means of an electronic system which can first detect the fiber density at different locations along each piece of wood (14) passing through the system and then calculate the average fiber density of each of said pieces of wood (14). Preferably, the electronic system is adapted to detect any defect present in each of the pieces of wood (14) and to remove those defects therefrom.
The process may comprise, prior to step d) of planing off, a step of profiling edges (16) of the pieces of wood (14) as described hereinbefore and as shown in figures 2a) to 2g).
In order to obtain a wood board (10) of a given width, the process preferably comprises, after step e) of bonding side by side the pieces of wood (14), an additional step of taking off sides of the wood board.
The sequence of steps for making a wood board (10) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention from the reception of the raw material to the final product may be the following:
- reception of the dry raw material which consists of a plurality of pieces of wood coming from different varieties of coniferous trees;
- stock piling the raw material;
- feeding the raw material to the mill;
- preheating the raw material;
- detection of the average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 - selection of the pieces of wood having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3;
- detecting and eliminating any defect present in each piece of wood;
- profiling the end joints;
- applying the glue on the profiles made;
- end jointing the pieces of wood and pressing the joints to form lamellae of wood;
- hardening of the glue joints;
lo - precision planing off of the lamellae;
- application of glue on the edges of the lamellae;
- edge bending the lamellae and pressing the lamellae to form a wood board;
- hardening of the edge joints of the board;
- trimming sides of the board to a desired width;
- precision planing off of the board;
- trimming ends of the board with precision;
- piling and wrapping of the final product;
- stocking the final product; and - shipping the final product to the client.
As mentioned before, a wood board according to the present invention shows surprisingly improved mechanical properties.
If each of the pieces of wood is selected such that its average fibre density is at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3, the wood board produced therefrom according to the present invention may compete with any traditional structural lumber products. The following table I shows the mechanical properties of a wood board EGB(edge glued board) according to the present invention which has been tested in laboratory and the mechanical properties of conventional and engineered lumber product of the CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 same size. The EGB mentioned therein comprises a plurality of edge glued pieces of wood, each free from any defect and having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3.
TABLE I
Mechanical properties of a wood board according to the present invention as compared to conventional and engineered lumber products.
LUMBER MODULUS OF FLEXURAL TENSILE COMPRESSIVE
(Spruce, (MPa) (E) ~Fb) (MPa) (MPa) Pine,Fir) (MPa) (F) (Fc) No.2 8,965 6.9 4.1 4.7 Grade No. 1 10,345 8.3 5.0 6.0 Grade MSR* 11,025 12.4 8.1 10.0 MSR* 12,405 14.5 10.9 11.7 LVL* 13,790 20.2 13.8 20.9 Parallam* 13,790 21.4 16.5 20.0 Gang- 13,790 37.6 27.9 38.8 Lam* LVL
EGB 13,350 55.4 50.9 37.3 Trade-marks MPa CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 As can be appreciated, the wood board obtained according to the present invention shows mechanical properties superior or equal to any known structural lumber product.
Therefore, a wood board according to the present invention may have many different uses in a framework. For example, it may be used as a frame wall, as a composing element of a truss, as a composing element of a floor beam, as a composing element of a laminated beam or as a joist.
As the raw material used in the making of a board according to the present invention comes from coniferous tree and most preferably from black spruce which are traditionally used for the production of wood chips or low grade quality boards, this invention will provide a new interesting market for these trees.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein without departing from the scope,of the present invention.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for making a high strength structural wood board from coniferous trees which are traditionally considered as nonstructural wood.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for making a wood board, the process comprising the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree and each preferably having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fibre density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fibre density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density which is preferably equal to 0,420 g/cm3;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
Preferably, prior to step d), the pieces of wood selected in step c) are joined end to end to form a plurality of lamellae of wood and in step e) those lamellae are bonded side by side to form the wood board.
The coniferous tree is preferably selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch. Most preferably, it is black spruce.
CA 0221~890 1998-06-29 Also preferably, the above process comprises after step c), the additional step of removing any defect present in each of the pieces of wood selected in step c).
The present invention also relates to a wood board obtained by the process described above.
A further object of the present invention is to propose a structural wood board (10) characterized in that it comprises a plurality of edge-bonded pieces of wood (14) made of a coniferous tree selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, jack pine, balsam fir and larch, most preferably from black spruce.
Among others, the present invention provides new interesting and profitable uses for coniferous trees traditionally known as nonstructural material. The present invention also allows the quantity of wood required for any construction to be reduced without affecting the strength of the construction.
A non restrictive description of preferred embodiments of the invention will now be given with reference to the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a wood board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figures 2a) to 2g) are each a perspective view of a wood board according respectively to another preferred embodiment of the present invention showing only an end portion of the board.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to figure 1, a wood board (10) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a plurality of lamellae of wood (12a and 12b) edge joined CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 .
together. Depending on the length of the board (10) required, each of the lamellae (12) preferably consist of a single pieces of wood (14) as for lamellae (12a) or consist of a plurality of pieces of wood (14), joined end to end in order to obtain a desired length for each lamella, as for lamellae (12b).
In general, the thickness (t) of a wood board (10) according to the present invention preferably varies approximately between 1.25 to 3.00 inches, the width (w) preferably varies between 1.50 to 96.00 inches and the length (l) preferably vary between 48 to 720 inches. However, it should be understood that a wood board according to the present invention may have other dimensions than the ones above without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Each lamella (12a,12b) preferably has a thickness comprised between 1.25 to 3.00 inches, a width varying from 0.5 to 4.00 inches and a length varying from 48 to 720 inches.
The length of each piece of wood (14) preferably varies from 8 to 96 inches.
Each piece of wood (14) comes from a coniferous tree and has been specifically selected in order to make a wood board of superior quality. This board shows uniform quality throughout and may be used for structural purposes. More particularly, only the pieces of wood (14) having at least a predetermined average fibre density are selected and any defect such as knots, blazes, blights, cracks, flaws or deviation present in each of the pieces of wood (14) selected have preferably been removed.
Each piece of wood (14) comes from a coniferous tree which is preferably selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch. Most preferably, the coniferous tree is the black spruce.
CA 0221~890 1998-06-29 In order to obtain a wood board that may compete with lumber products traditionally used for structural purposes, the average fiber density of each of the pieces selected is at least equal to 0.420 g/cm3. It has been discovered that among the pieces of wood coming from coniferous trees, the ones that show the best mechanical properties are those coming from the top of the tree or from stunted trees having a very slow growing rate. Those small trees may reach 120 years, thereby providing very close and dense fibers.
As already known in prior art, the mechanical properties of a piece of wood is directly related to its fiber density.
Thus, selecting the pieces of wood according to their fiber density, also means that the selection is made according to their mechanical properties.
The lamellae (12) are joined edge to edge preferably by means of glue. The glue used is preferably a structural wood glue known in the art and may be selected from among pure resorcinol and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) or it may be a nonstructural wood glue selected from among polyvinyl acetate (PVA), urea melamine (UM) or urea formaldehyde.
The edges (16) of the lamellae (12) may be plane, as shown in figure 1 or they may be profiled as shown in figures 2a) to 2g).
The profile is preferably selected from among a T-shaped profile as in figure 2a), an obliquely-shaped profile as in figure 2b), a squarely-shaped profile as in figure 2c), a triangularly-shaped profile as in figure 2d), a circularly-shaped profile as in figure 2e), a step-shaped profile as in figure 2f) and a finger-shaped profile as in figure 2g).
When the lamellae (12) are formed from a plurality of pieces of wood (14) joined end to end, those pieces (14) are preferably finger-jointed by means of glue as shown in figure 1. Finger jointing is already known in prior art and does not require further explanation.
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 BEST MODB OF REALIZATION OF A PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT
INVENTION
The process for making a wood board (10) as described above comprises the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood (14) each from a coniferous tree and each having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood (14);
c) selecting among the pieces of wood (14) those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood (14) selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood (14) planed off in step d) by means of their edges (16) to form the wood board.
In step e), the pieces of wood (14) are preferably edge-glued together by using an appropriate wood glue as described hereinbefore.
Preferably, if any piece of wood (14) selected in step c) is not long enough, for example if its length is less than 4 feet, the process comprises, prior to step d), an additional step of jointing end to end said pieces of wood (14) to form a plurality of lamellae of wood (12) and in step e) those lamellae (12) are bonded side by side to form the wood board (10). The jointing is preferably made with a finger-joint using an appropriate wood glue.
AS mentioned before, in order to make a wood board (10) that may compete with traditional structural lumber products, the predetermined fiber density is approximately 0,420 g/cm3.
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 Preferably, the process comprises, after step c), the additional step of removing any defect present in each of the pieces of wood (14) selected in step c).
The selection of the appropriate pieces of wood (14) is obtained by means of an electronic system which can first detect the fiber density at different locations along each piece of wood (14) passing through the system and then calculate the average fiber density of each of said pieces of wood (14). Preferably, the electronic system is adapted to detect any defect present in each of the pieces of wood (14) and to remove those defects therefrom.
The process may comprise, prior to step d) of planing off, a step of profiling edges (16) of the pieces of wood (14) as described hereinbefore and as shown in figures 2a) to 2g).
In order to obtain a wood board (10) of a given width, the process preferably comprises, after step e) of bonding side by side the pieces of wood (14), an additional step of taking off sides of the wood board.
The sequence of steps for making a wood board (10) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention from the reception of the raw material to the final product may be the following:
- reception of the dry raw material which consists of a plurality of pieces of wood coming from different varieties of coniferous trees;
- stock piling the raw material;
- feeding the raw material to the mill;
- preheating the raw material;
- detection of the average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 - selection of the pieces of wood having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3;
- detecting and eliminating any defect present in each piece of wood;
- profiling the end joints;
- applying the glue on the profiles made;
- end jointing the pieces of wood and pressing the joints to form lamellae of wood;
- hardening of the glue joints;
lo - precision planing off of the lamellae;
- application of glue on the edges of the lamellae;
- edge bending the lamellae and pressing the lamellae to form a wood board;
- hardening of the edge joints of the board;
- trimming sides of the board to a desired width;
- precision planing off of the board;
- trimming ends of the board with precision;
- piling and wrapping of the final product;
- stocking the final product; and - shipping the final product to the client.
As mentioned before, a wood board according to the present invention shows surprisingly improved mechanical properties.
If each of the pieces of wood is selected such that its average fibre density is at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3, the wood board produced therefrom according to the present invention may compete with any traditional structural lumber products. The following table I shows the mechanical properties of a wood board EGB(edge glued board) according to the present invention which has been tested in laboratory and the mechanical properties of conventional and engineered lumber product of the CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 same size. The EGB mentioned therein comprises a plurality of edge glued pieces of wood, each free from any defect and having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3.
TABLE I
Mechanical properties of a wood board according to the present invention as compared to conventional and engineered lumber products.
LUMBER MODULUS OF FLEXURAL TENSILE COMPRESSIVE
(Spruce, (MPa) (E) ~Fb) (MPa) (MPa) Pine,Fir) (MPa) (F) (Fc) No.2 8,965 6.9 4.1 4.7 Grade No. 1 10,345 8.3 5.0 6.0 Grade MSR* 11,025 12.4 8.1 10.0 MSR* 12,405 14.5 10.9 11.7 LVL* 13,790 20.2 13.8 20.9 Parallam* 13,790 21.4 16.5 20.0 Gang- 13,790 37.6 27.9 38.8 Lam* LVL
EGB 13,350 55.4 50.9 37.3 Trade-marks MPa CA 0221~890 1997-10-02 As can be appreciated, the wood board obtained according to the present invention shows mechanical properties superior or equal to any known structural lumber product.
Therefore, a wood board according to the present invention may have many different uses in a framework. For example, it may be used as a frame wall, as a composing element of a truss, as a composing element of a floor beam, as a composing element of a laminated beam or as a joist.
As the raw material used in the making of a board according to the present invention comes from coniferous tree and most preferably from black spruce which are traditionally used for the production of wood chips or low grade quality boards, this invention will provide a new interesting market for these trees.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein without departing from the scope,of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. A process for making a wood board, the process comprising the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density;
d) planing off edges of the pieces of wood selected in step c); and e) bonding side by side the pieces of wood planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein, prior to step d), the pieces of wood selected in step c) are joined end to end to form a plurality of lamellae of wood and wherein, in step e), those lamellae are bonded side by side to form the wood board.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein said predetermined fiber density is 0,420 g/cm3.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the coniferous tree is selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, jack pine, balsam fir and larch
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the coniferous tree is black spruce.
6. A process according to claim 1, comprising after step c), the additional step of removing any defect present in each of the pieces of wood selected in step c).
7. A process according to claim 6, comprising the additional step of profiling edges of the pieces of wood prior to step d).
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein the edges of the pieces of wood are profiled in a profile of a type selected from among a T-shaped, an oblique-shaped, a square-shaped, a triangular-shaped, a circular-shaped and a finger-shaped profile.
9. A process according to claim 6, wherein the ends of each piece of wood are glued together.
10. A process according to claim 9, wherein, in step d), the edges are glued together.
11. A process according to claim 10, comprising, after step e), the additional step of taking off sides of the wood board of step d) to obtain a wood board of a given width.
12. A process for making a wood board, the process comprising the steps of:
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch and each having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3 and joining end to end the selected pieces of wood to form a plurality of lamellae of wood;
d) planing off edges of the lamellae of wood of step c) and profiling said edges; and e) bonding side by side the lamellae planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
a) providing elongated pieces of wood each from a coniferous tree selected from among black spruce, white spruce, red spruce, grey pine, balsam fir and larch and each having a rectangular cross section;
b) detecting an average fiber density of each of the pieces of wood;
c) selecting among the pieces of wood those having an average fiber density at least equal to 0,420 g/cm3 and joining end to end the selected pieces of wood to form a plurality of lamellae of wood;
d) planing off edges of the lamellae of wood of step c) and profiling said edges; and e) bonding side by side the lamellae planed off in step d) by means of their edges to form the wood board.
13. A wood board obtained according to the process defined in claim 1.
14. A wood board obtained according to the process defined in claim 2.
15. A wood board obtained according to the process defined in claim 3.
16. A wood board obtained according to the process defined in claim 5.
17. A wood board obtained according to the process defined in claim 12.
18. A structural wood board (10) characterized in that it comprises a plurality of edge-bonded pieces of wood (14) made of a coniferous tree selected from among blackspruce, white spruce, red spruce, jack pine, balsam fir and larch,each pieces of wood having an average fiber density at least equal to a predetermined fiber density.
19. A structural wood board (10) according to claim 18, wherein the coniferous tree is black spruce.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2215890 CA2215890C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-10-02 | A process for making a wood board and the wood board |
| PCT/CA1997/001000 WO1998030370A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-12-19 | A process for making a wood board and the wood board |
| AU54740/98A AU5474098A (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-12-19 | A process for making a wood board and the wood board |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2,194,793 | 1997-01-09 | ||
| CA002194793A CA2194793A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-01-09 | High-strength battenboard |
| CA 2215890 CA2215890C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-10-02 | A process for making a wood board and the wood board |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2215890A1 CA2215890A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| CA2215890C true CA2215890C (en) | 1999-02-23 |
Family
ID=25678972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2215890 Expired - Fee Related CA2215890C (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-10-02 | A process for making a wood board and the wood board |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5474098A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2215890C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998030370A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020252519A1 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | Timberworks Industrial Group Pty Ltd | Engineered timber panel for structural use and method of formation thereof |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10024084C1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-15 | Hans Schneider | Wood plate is assembled in one layer from a number of glued wood rods, with adjacent wood rods arranged so that grains are perpendicular, where rods have grain running longitudinally |
| EP1360999B1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-11-19 | Franz Binder Ges. mbH Holzindustrie | Equipment for sorting planks or beams |
| DE50200031D1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-10-02 | Franz Binder Ges Mbh Holzindus | System for the mechanical classification of boards or beams |
| US20060011266A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Holzhey Michael G | Variable dimension engineered timber system |
| RU2436668C2 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2011-12-20 | Ска Форест Продактс Аб | Device and method to manufacture laminated panels with adhered side surfaces and laminated panels with adhered side surfaces made by specified method |
| US8365781B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2013-02-05 | Sca Forest Products Ab | Method of manufacturing edge glued laminated panels and edge glued laminated panels manufactured according to said method |
| CN109129799B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2021-04-20 | 福建森源木作有限公司 | A method for cutting glass frame of solid wood bookcase |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2947611C2 (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1984-01-19 | Kurt Ing.(grad.) 8625 Sonnefeld Feyler | Process for the production of board lamellas |
| US5034259A (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-07-23 | The Weyerhaeuser Company | Process for re-manufacturing wood board and the product produced thereby |
| AU5260090A (en) * | 1989-03-29 | 1990-10-22 | Visionsmart, Inc. | Real-time lumber grading process and system |
| ATE186498T1 (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1999-11-15 | Tetsuya Hashiguchi | WOOD LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING IT |
-
1997
- 1997-10-02 CA CA 2215890 patent/CA2215890C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-19 AU AU54740/98A patent/AU5474098A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-19 WO PCT/CA1997/001000 patent/WO1998030370A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020252519A1 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | Timberworks Industrial Group Pty Ltd | Engineered timber panel for structural use and method of formation thereof |
| EP3986685A4 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2023-07-12 | Timberworks Industrial Group Pty Ltd | Engineered timber panel for structural use and method of formation thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2215890A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| AU5474098A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
| WO1998030370A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
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