DE2921182A1 - DEVICE FOR BUMPERLY HANDLING OF LOADS - Google Patents

Description

FRIED. KRUPP GESELLSCHAFT LIMITED LIABILITY in Essen

Device for low-impact handling of loads

The invention relates to a device for handling fixed or in particular on a ship bodies located on another ship / on land or on a helicopter Lifting equipment equipped with a load-bearing rope using a device to hold it taut of the load rope in rough seas.

It is known to transfer loads from one ship to another ship by means of a floating crane to use a pulley designed as a rope storage system that hangs on the hook of the floating crane and who has three pulleys over which a rope is guided. The upper roller serves as a pulley and is mounted on the main body of the pulley. The other two pulleys are controlled by the rope attached to the Base body is attached with its two ends, arranged one above the other.

Two rods (or ropes) that can be moved in a vertical direction are attached to the axis of the middle roller. at the end of which a hook is arranged. The middle roll and the bottom roll are respectively equipped with an end stop block, whereby

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both face each other. This pulley has two end positions. There's no load hanging on the hook, like that the lower roller is in its lower end position and the upper roller in its upper end position.

If, on the other hand, a load is hanging on the hook, the two rollers are in the middle position (middle between the upper and lower end position) and the end stop blocks are against each other. The disadvantage here is that in rough seas the load during the lifting process in the valley of the wave can only be absorbed with a force fit and then the pulley are relieved by the following wave crest and the two are equipped with the end stop blocks Collapse the rolls in front of the following trough by suddenly releasing the load. At a In another subsequent wave, the roles combine even more strongly. These shocks only stop when the load is raised high enough. These impacts can damage the load or the lifting rope could tear.

The invention is based on the object of providing a device for handling loads in rough seas, in which an almost shock-free operation is guaranteed.

The object is achieved in that at a transfer device of the type mentioned at the beginning on the load handling device one extending in the vertical direction Load bearing part is arranged, which is opposite to the load rope of the hoist in the vertical direction is movable and that using a device that detects the reversal of direction in its top dead center are automatically firmly connected to the lifting equipment

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can. This achieves in particular that the load can be lifted off a wave crest during the start of the lifting process and thus a low-shock operation is guaranteed.

According to claim 2 it is achieved that only a few and simple components are required.

According to claim 3 it is ensured that the load is lifted from a certain wave crest and by another certain wave crest can be deposited.

According to claim 4 it is achieved that only simple components are required and that a high wave crest when Lifting process, the load part is pushed further upwards and thus prevents the load slack rope from forming will.

According to claim 5 it is achieved that almost no wear and tear on the detent rod by using the locking mechanism can occur.

According to claim 6 it is achieved that the relief device only needs to be made small.

According to claim 7 it is ensured that the relief device has a force independent of the movement path.

According to claim 8 it is achieved that the locking device cannot engage when the detent rod moves upwards.

According to claim 9 it is ensured that when the locking rod moves down, the pawls do not lock can.

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Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described below
described in more detail.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a sea state follower for striking, for taking over, for setting down and for
Knocking off light loads,

2 shows a basic illustration of a sea state follower ,

FIGS. 2a to 2d show details of FIG. 3

the mode of operation of the sea state follower,

3 shows a basic illustration of a further sea state follower device in front view,

FIG. 4 shows a side view of the sea state follower according to FIG. 3,

5 shows a basic illustration of a third sea state follower device in front view,

6 shows a side view of the sea state follower according to FIG. 5,

7 and 8 each have a cam disc for one
Locking mechanism,

9 to 16 basic representations of the mode of operation of the locking mechanism,

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Fig. 17 Schematic representation of the Klenmiges lock,

FIG. 18 shows a detail from FIG. 17

a latched latch,

19 shows a section of the locking mechanism in FIG Side view,

FIG. 20 shows a section along the line XX - XX in FIG. 19,

FIG. 21 shows a section along the line XXI - XXI in FIG. 17,

FIG. 22 shows a section along the line XXII - XXII in FIG. 20.

The swell sequence shown in Fig. 1 has a vertical guide tube 1, which with its upper End of a crane hook 2 and that in his Interior has a pull rod 3, which can be moved in the vertical direction or with the guide tube 1 is firmly connectable. In addition, the tie rod 3 is connected to a counterweight 4, whereby the pull rod 3, when no load is hanging on its hook 5, is held in its upper end position. The swell sequence also has a Bowden cable 6, by means of which the pull rod 3 with respect to the guide tube 1 can be automatically firmly connected or released automatically with this. This mechanism is in Fig. 2 and the operation of this mechanism is shown in Figs. 2a to 2b. the The pull rod is designed as a detent rod 7 and its upper end is connected to a spring tension roller 8 in connection, the rotatable on the guide tube 1a

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is stored in cash. A spring-loaded pawl 9 is arranged at the lower end of the guide tube 1a.

For a better explanation it is assumed that the load is on a ship and the crane is on land. The load is attached by means of sling ropes Hook 5a of the swell sequence and is on deck and the pawl 9 is disengaged. Moved in rough seas the locking rod 7 up and down according to the wave movement. This is shown in Fig. 2a. If the load is now to be raised, the spring 10 is so attached to the by means of the Bowden cable 6 Attached pawl 9, which presses it against the detent rod. If the detent rod 7 by means of a shaft guided upwards, the pawl has no locking effect. But as soon as the wave crest is crossed, a further downward movement is prevented by engaging the pawl 9 and the takeover takes place Load. This is shown in Fig. 2b. Should the following wave have a greater amplitude than that If the first-mentioned shaft and the load have not yet been lifted far enough upwards, the detent rod will be 7 promoted further upwards and the pawl 9 engages with the wave beige. A slack rope formation is prevented by this.

It is now assumed that the load is to be unloaded onto another ship. During weaning the load, the spring 10 is attached to the pawl 9 by means of the Bowden cable 6 so that it disengages want. This is shown in Fig. 2c. Because the load is lowered very slowly and placed in one place

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Related waves move up and down very quickly, so when the load is in contact with the ship, the latch 9 disengaged and the load released. The locking rod 7 leads again alternating downward and upward movements. This mechanism ensures that the takeover or the lowering of the load takes place almost smoothly.

Attaching or knocking off the load is carried out as follows:

Affecting the load on the moving ship catching the hook 5a of the swell by an auxiliary rope 11 which is attached to the hook 5 ahead. When the auxiliary rope 11 is connected to the load, it pulls the pull rod 3 loaded by the counterweight 4 more or less out of the guide tube 1. There is a constant distance between load and Hook 5 a. Now the sling ropes 12 can be hooked into the hook and then the auxiliary rope solved.

The load is knocked off on a moving ship by lowering the swell sequence until the sling ropes 12 have slack formation even with a crest of waves. The auxiliary rope 11 is attached to the load and de sling ropes 12 are unhooked.

Are very large, heavy loads moved and the pulling

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rod 3 is by means of the auxiliary rope 11 by an operator can no longer be moved, instead of the auxiliary rope 11, for example, a winch with a Electric motor can be used, For example, when the load is attached and when the distance between the hook 5 and the Last, a low impact takeover of the. Load can be made possible by the sling ropes 12 on the hook 5. That The same also applies when the load is knocked off when the sling ropes are unhooked and the tie rod 3 is moved smoothly into its upper end position by means of the cable winch.

In Fig. 3 and 4 a swell sequence is shown, which has a pulley designed as a cable store. This pulley is suspended in a crane hook 2 and has three pulleys 13a, 13b, 13c and a rope 14 on. The upper roller 13a is mounted on the upper body of the roller train and serves as a deflection roller. the two other rollers 13b, 13c are by means of the rope 14, which is attached to the base body 15, arranged one above the other. On the axis of the middle roller 13b are two vertically arranged locking rods 7a attached, at the end of which a hook 5b is arranged. This role train has an end position. If there is no load on the hook 5b, the lower roller 13c is in its lower one and the middle roller 13b in its upper end position. The lower roller is mounted in a housing part 16. On the housing part 16, two opposing pawls 9a are arranged, which as in FIGS. 2 to 2d described, can be influenced by means of a Bowden cable; is not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Located

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For example, if there is a load on a ship and the hook 5 b is connected to this load by means of _{sling ropes, the rollers 13 b f} 13 c move either towards or away from one another in accordance with the swell. The ratchet rods 9a move at approximately twice the speed

to the lower roller 13 c in the opposite direction Load decrease takes place in the same way as before for Fig. 2.bis 2 d.

In Fig. 5 and 6, a swell sequence is shown, which as a guide tube a square guide tube 17 and has a square tube pull rod 18 as a pull rod. The square guide tube 17 has at the upper end a suspension 19 on which a shackle 20 is arranged is. At the lower end of the square tube pull rod 17 is. a double hook 21 attached. The locking or unlocking mechanism 22 has two pawls 9b. The counterweight 4 is with two ropes 23 over two on upper end of the square guide tube 17 arranged Deflection rollers 24 with the square tube pull rod 18 in connection.

In Fig. 7 and 8, the main components of the Sperrbzw. Release mechanism shown. The main ingredients are two cam disks 25a, 25b, each equipped with a front recess are. The surface of each recess forms a flat surface and the end edges of that surface are at an angle of 90 degrees to the central axis of the

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Nockenscheibe'nVimgSoTSneto The one shown in FIG Cam disk 25a is the lower cam disk and is equipped with a sector-shaped bead, its a flat surface is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the recess and iron its flat surface Form an angle of 135 degrees. The cam disk 25b shown in Fig. 8 is the upper cam disk and is equipped with a sector-shaped bead, one flat surface of which is parallel to the surface of the Recess is arranged and the two surfaces of which enclose an angle of 135 degrees.

9 to 16 show the cam disks 25a, 25b and an indicated spring-loaded pawl 26. The upper cam disk 25b is via a gear (will be described below) with the square tube pull rod 18 in connection; the lower cam 25a is supported. In Fig. 9 it is shown how the cams 25a, 25b move when the square tube pull rod 18 moves upward. The upper Cam disk 25 b is turned to the right and turns the lower cam disk by means of its segment-shaped bead 25 a. The outer contours of the two cam disks 25a, 25b here form a circle, whereby the Pawl 26 is held in the disengaged state. In Fig. 10 it is shown when the square tube pull rod 18 has reached its top dead center. In Fig. 11 to 15 it is shown how the cam disks Move 25a, 25b as the square tube pull rod moves down. The upper cam 25 b is

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rotated counterclockwise. Touch the other contact surfaces of the segment-shaped beads yourself and the cam! 25a, 25b form a cam contour (FIG. 12). If you continue to rotate the Cam disks (Fig. 13), the cam contour is retained. When the cam contour surface reaches the pawl 26 (FIGS. 14 and 15), the pawl 26 moves in the blocking direction. In Fig. 16 it is shown how the The pawl 26 is opened again by moving the upper cam 25b in a clockwise direction.

In Figs. 17 and 19 is the lock and release mechanism, respectively shown. The mechanism has two pawls 26a that relate to the square tube pull rod 18 facing each other. Both pawls 26a are connected to one another via a linkage 27. At the in Fig. 17 'The latch shown on the right engages a compression spring 28a. in the sense of closing the pawls 26a. The pawl 26a shown on the left in FIG. 17 is above a further linkage 28 with the cam disks 25c, 25d in connection. The lower cam 25c stands via four gears 29 and a drive gear 30 with the square pull rod 18 in connection. Both cam disks 25c, 25d each have two cam surface contours compared to the cam disks 25a, 25b shown in FIGS. 9 to 16. Both linkages 27, 28 are equipped with so-called buffer springs 31, which means that the individual parts are not constrained of the mechanism can arise among each other.

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The pawl 26a shown on the right in FIG. 17 can be unlocked by means of an auxiliary pawl 32. this takes place with the help of a Bowden cable. The auxiliary pawl 32 is also connected to it via a lever 33a the gear in connection, whereby the auxiliary pawl 32, if e.g. the square pull rod 18 is moved down, locked and the pawls 26a cannot lock. This locking mechanism is described below. In Fig. 17 are indicated by the two dash-dotted lines 33, where the rods 27, 28 are located would when the pawls 26a are engaged. This is shown in FIG.

In FIGS. 20 and 22, the square tube pull rod is guided by two toothed wheels 30. One of the two gears 30 is the drive wheel for the transmission; the other rotates freely. The two pawls 26a are locked into the corresponding teeth of the square tube pull rod. The square pull rod 18 has stop pieces 34 at its lower end, so that the square pull rod 18 cannot be pushed too far into the square guide tube 17. On the housing of the locking or releasing mechanism rubber buffers 3ta are arranged, which prevent the counterweight 4 from bumping into the housing and from being able to damage it.

In Figs. 21 and 17 the locking mechanism is shown. The lever 33a is at the lower end provided with a threaded sleeve 35, which has a large

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Possesses slope. This threaded bushing 35 has two end positions. The square tube pull rod moves 18 downwards, the auxiliary pawl 32 takes the position as shown in Fig. 21; the square tube pull rod 18 moves upwards, so the auxiliary pawl 32 assumes the position as indicated in Fig. 21 by the dash-dotted lines is. The auxiliary pawl 32 is designed as a two-sided lever, the pivot point 36 by means of a spring 37 is designed to be elastic. A compression spring engages on the lower part of the auxiliary pawl 32 38, which presses the threaded bushing against a threaded piece 39. The threaded piece is about gears 29, 40 driven by the square tube pull rod 18. This locking mechanism is used to the fact that the pawl can almost only lock in the top dead center and is designed so that, for example, if the slope of the corresponding wave is very large and the square tube pull rod 18 after passing of the top dead center is moved rapidly downward, locking of the pawls 26a is prevented.

This swell sequence works as follows:

Before the load is attached to a ship, the hook is connected to the load by means of an auxiliary rope.

Here, the square tube pull rod 18 is made from the square guide tube 17 pulled and there is a constant distance between the double hook 21 and the Load a. The sling ropes are attached and the double hook 21 is after loosening the auxiliary rope slowly moving upwards. The swell sequence is

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by means of the crane in the position that the counterweight 4 is moved around the zero point position or center point position "O" (shown in FIG. 15).

If the load is to be taken over, the The auxiliary pawl 32 is open on the floor. When the load reaches its top dead center, the two will The cam disks 25c, 25d are rotated relative to one another and the pawls 26a lock the square tube pull rod 18. If a wave now follows that has a greater amplitude than the first-mentioned wave, the square tube pull rod becomes 18 relieved and the counterweight 4 causes the two corresponding teeth of the square pull rod 18 press out the pawls 26a. With further upward movement the cam disks take 25c, 25d again a circular contour and press the pawls 26a further apart. Rest at the wave mountain the pawls 26a again automatically. The load is set down on a ship by slowly lowering it the swell sequence. When placing the load on deck - as previously described - the pawls 26a pushed out and locked by means of the auxiliary pawl 32. The load is now lowered further until the rope slackens has occurred; then the auxiliary rope is attached and the sling ropes unhooked. Thereafter the auxiliary rope is released and the square tube pull rod 1 8 is moved to its end position by means of the counterweight 4 emotional.

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Empty soap

Claims (9)

Expectations : 1. Device for handling fixed or in particular bodies located on a ship with one on another ship, on land or on a helicopter with one Lifting equipment equipped with a load-bearing rope using a device to keep the load-carrying rope taut in rough seas, characterized in that on the lifting means in a vertical direction extending load part (3; 7; 7a; 18) is arranged, which opposite the load rope (2) of the hoist is movable in the vertical direction and that using a direction reversal detecting The device is automatically permanently connected to the lifting means (1; 1a; 17) in its top dead center can be. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing part is part of a cable storage device effective pulley block and that the carrying ._. . _ ,,. , serving, ..,. load part (7a), which acts as a rope spexcher Sexl (14) or one of the pulley blocks can be clamped. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing part (3; 7; 18) is equipped with a relief device (8; 4), whereby it is in the unloaded state is held in its upper position, and that a locking device on the lifting means is provided, whereby the load-carrying part (8; 4) can be locked or unlocked with the load lifting means is. 030049/0251 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the load-bearing part has a ratchet rod (7) and that the locking device is a pawl (9). 5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the load-bearing part is a detent rod (18) and that the locking device is a clamping lock (26 a) is. 6. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the relief device is a spring tension roller (8). 7. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the relief device has a counterweight (4) has, which by means of ropes (23), which are guided over pulleys (24), with the load-bearing part (18) communicates. 8. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that that the locking device has two clamps opposite to the load-bearing part (3; 7; 18) (26a), on which a compression spring (28) acting in the sense of shooting engages that two on one Axis mounted cam disks (25a, 25b; 25c, 25d) are provided, one of which has at least one Gear is connected to the notch rod (18) and rotates when the notch rod moves longitudinally is offset, and that both cams (25a, 25b; 25c, 25d) each have a segment piece that is in the the same radius at the respective decisive corner Q300A9 / 0251 be (25a, 25b; 25c, 25d) are arranged, the Cam disks (25a, 25b; 25c, 25d) jointly form a circular surface during the rotary movement in one direction and when rotating in the other direction of rotation, they jointly create a cam contour form, whereby the clamps (26a) are closed or opened via a linkage (27, 28). 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the clamps (26a) by means of a two-sided Lever (33) are in connection, which on the one hand rests against one of the terminals (26a) and on the other hand spring-loaded against one of the notch rod (18) rotatable with a short thread (39) large pitch having axis, whereby, when the locking rod {18) moves down, the clamps (26a) cannot lock into place. 030049/0251