DE2900196A1 - Heat conserving double skinned external wall - has foamed plastic insulator filling in cavity between separated slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

The inner of two shells making up at least part of the outside walls of the building is a load bearing slab of heat-insulating and conserving concrete, with vitreous broken granulated material used as aggregate. The outer (2) and inner shells (1) are separated over the whole room height, and pref. their whole individual width, with no heat bridges. The hollow space between them is filled with insulating material (3), esp. polyurethane or other plastics foam. There may be rigid connection only at top and bottom, outside the interior area. Energy for air-conditioning is saved, with good insulation and heat retention.

Description

Building

The invention relates to a building whose space-enclosing outer walls formed at least partially from two spaced apart shells wherein at least the inner, designed as a load-bearing plate, consists of a heat-insulating shell and heat-storing concrete is produced, which is glassy, broken as an aggregate Granules, in particular high fume slag, boiler smelting slag or the like., With a max.grain size of 5 mm and a proportion of particles with a grain size of less than 0.2 mm contains at least 10% of the granulate.

The use of the above concrete, which is extremely good heat-insulating and heat-storing properties, for the production of Buildings generally known (see e.g. AT-PS 221 004, AT-PS 229 210) Various prefabricated parts are already being made from this concrete (see e.g. AT-PS 310 394, AT-PS 257 118) ,.

With regard to the recently acute shortage of energy sources and the explosive rise in energy prices is particularly important in residential construction Pay increased attention to thermal protection.

It is desirable to have a minimal expenditure of energy to create the best possible indoor climate.

The invention is based on the object in a structure of the initially named type to improve the thermal insulation and heat storage capacity in order to to create a comfortable room climate with minimal energy consumption.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the outer and the inner shell over the entire height of the room and essentially over the The entire width of one shell is separated from each other and free of thermal bridges, and that the cavity formed between the outer and inner shells with insulating material filled, especially with plastic foam such as polyurethane foam, foamed is.

These measures can result in a low heat penetration rate that ensures a comfortable room climate, as the radiation is low.

The heat penetration number is calculated according to the formula where b ...... the heat penetration number in KJ / h0.5 m² K c ...... the spec. Heat in KJ / kg K g ...... the density in @@@@ ³ and # ........ the coefficient of thermal conductivity in.

In the structure according to the invention, the heat penetration number is b preferably 8 - 20 KJ / h0.5 m² K, especially 10 - 15 KJ / h0.5 m² K.

To achieve the thermal bridge-free arrangement is being developed of the invention provided9 that the outer and inner shell only in the area of their upper and lower edge, each outside of the space enclosed by them, by means of a rigid connection or a form-fitting connection with the ceiling respectively.

Floor construction, are firmly connected to each other. On the way it is guaranteed that in the area of the space enclosed by the outer walls there are no thermal bridges. The form-fitting connection can e.g. be a tongue and groove connection.

A simple embodiment is that the outer and the inner shell e are welded to one another in the area of their upper sides with at least one serving as a welding base in the top of each or shell Plate or the like. is embedded, which plates are supported by at least one, e.g. rod-shaped, Connecting element are connected to each other.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawings, in which an embodiment of a movement according to the invention in different views respectively.

Sections and variants is shown, described in more detail.

1 shows a plan view of the outer corner of the inventive Building, before the ceiling is applied, FIG. 2 shows a section along line II-II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 along a vertical butt joint in section line III-III in Fig0 4, Fig. 4 a section along line IV-IV in Fig. 32, Fig. 5 a Section along line V-V in Fig. 4, Fig. 6, the lower wall connection in a non-basement Building, Fig. 7 the lower wall connection in a building with a basement, Fig. 8 shows a partition connection in horizontal section, FIG. 9 shows a plan view of FIG. 8, before applying the ceiling, Fig. 10, the upper end of the wall construction, Fig. 11 a variant of FIG. 10.

Fig. 12 is a horizontal partial section through a building ceiling a further variant, FIG. 13 a vertical partial section in a multi-storey one Execution.

14 shows a horizontal section through part of a corner house. 15 shows a section analogous to FIG. 14 with increased thermal insulation, and FIG. 16 shows a horizontal section through part of a middle house.

In the structure shown in Fig. 11, there are umbilical ends Outer walls made of two shells 1, 2 arranged at a distance from one another. The inner one Shell 1 is designed as a supporting plate and the outer shell 2 is eXna plate-shaped Facing made of exposed concrete. Both shells 1,2 have room height and are made of one made of heat-insulating and heat-storing concrete, which as an aggregate is vitreous, broken granules, in particular blast furnace slag, boiler smelting slag, odedgl. with a maximum grain size of 5 mm and a proportion of particles of the grain size below 092 mm of at least 10%.

The shells 192 are free of thermal bridges over the entire height of the room Spaced from each other9 and the cavity formed between them is with Plastic foam 3, in particular polyurethane foam, foamed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the thermal bridge-free connection is over the height of the room is ensured by the fact that the shells 1, 2 only on their upper side together are welded. For the purpose of making this welded joint is in the top of the shells 1,2 each have a metallic plate 4 or 5, in particular Steel plate, embedded, the plates 4, 5 by means of rod-shaped connecting parts 6 are welded together. The length of these connecting parts can be used for adjustment different distances between the outer and inner shell can be changed.

As shown in FIGS. 3 - 5, the vertical butt joints on the Side areas of the shell 1 metallic plates 7,8 embedded, which serve as a welding base serve for an angular connecting piece 9, by means of which the shells together get connected. In this case, an offset butt joint is shown in FIG.

As Fig. 6 shows, the lower wall end is in a no cellar Structure formed in that the underside of the outer and inner shells 1,2 profiled or with at least one groove or the like. trained, and the shells 1.2 then embedded in a heat insulating spacer 10, which is on the Foundation 11 is supported. Between the spacer 10 and the foundation 11 is horizontal insulation 12 is still present. The floor is at 13 and the one below thermal insulation arranged on the same is denoted by 14.

Fig. 7 shows the lower wall closure in a building with a basement, wherein the outer and inner shell 1, 2 again embedded in a spacer 10 are, however, in this version partly on the basement masonry 15 and the floor slab 16 rests.

In Fig. 8 and 9 is the connection of an intermediate wall 17 to the inner Shell 1 shown. The intermediate wall 13 is preferably turned into one the entire height of the inner shell 1 extending recess 18 on the inside the inner shell 1 used.

At the top of the partition 17, u.z. at her inner shell 1 facing end, is an as Base plate 19 embedded in steel. A corresponding plate 20 is also on top of the inner shell 1 is embedded next to the recess 18. The plates 19, 20 are through a rod-shaped connecting element 21, which when assembled with each of the plates 19,20 is welded, rigidly connected to each other0 Fig. 10 shows an upper one Completion, the element ceiling 22 being supported only on the inner shell 1.

The rafters 23 are supported by the ceiling structure and overlap the outer shell 2.

Fig. 11 shows another embodiment for the top closure, a tram layer 24 being supported on the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2, and the rafters 23 and the roof cladding 25 supports.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12, the butt joints are in the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2 are clearly offset from one another. In the butt joint of the inner shell 1 is an elastic grout 26 is introduced, and into the Butt joint of the outer shell 2 is a moisture seal 27, e.g. a so-called Compriband, inserted. The fixation of the individual shells only above and below and closing the inner panel joints with the elastic grout causes a Freedom from cracks, which is usually not the case with prefabricated parts. By the staggered joints, by inserting a Compriband as moisture insulation in the case of the facing shells, and by the fact that the outer joint is separated from the inner Joint through the thickness of the inner shell 1 and through the insulating foam layer 3 is separated, a particularly good seal is achieved.

In Fig. 13 is the support of a prefabricated composite ceiling in vertical partial section 28 shown on the inner shell 1, as is the case with a multi-storey construction suggested will. The inner shell 1 of the upper floor is under the interposition of a Layer 29 of a mounting mortar is arranged on the composite ceiling 28. The outer and inner shell 1,2 are - as in the embodiments according to FIGS. 6-9 by means of a Spacer 30 connected to one another, which is arranged approximately at the level of the ceiling is, and thus lies outside the wall surfaces of the interior.

The spacer 30 has one end at one in the inner shell 1 embedded anchor plate 31 and the other end to one in the outer shell 2 embedded anchor plate 32 welded on. In this way, the desired distance between the outer and inner shell ensured. For adjustment Adjusting sleeves 33, 34 are used for the outer and inner shells, which are arranged one above the other. The non-load-bearing outer facing panels 2 are separated from the inner supporting shells 1 separated everywhere by the insulating foam 3. The weight of the veneers 2 is Guided storey by storey through a facade anchor 35 into the supporting shell 1. The one shown commercially available facade anchor 35 is at one end on an anchor plate 36, which is in the Reinforcement 37 of the composite ceiling 28 is attached, and at the other end to a bracket 38 attached to the outer shell 2. Another facade anchor can of course also be used be used. The anchor shown has the advantage that it is on three sides can be judged.

The currently envisaged thickness of the supporting shell (10-12 cm) is approximately sufficient up to 6 floors. When using the double shell system for high-rise construction would have to the thickness of the supporting shell can be increased according to the structural requirements.

In Fig. 14 is a horizontal section through part of a corner house shown that from an inner Shell 1 and an outer shell 2 exists. The cavity between these two shells is covered with insulating material 3 filled. The corner bar between the angularly abutting plates of the inner Shell 1 is lined with elastic grout 26. The shells 1, 2 are such formed that the distance A between the same even during the installation of the The structure can be changed in order to adapt the thermal insulation to individual requirements adapt to the presumptive users of the structure.

With no change in plate making is in accordance with the present invention thus practically any enlargement of the thermal insulation is possible.

FIG. 15 shows the structure according to FIG. 14 with increased thermal insulation. As shown, this is done by simply increasing the distance A between the outer and inner shell.

Fig. 16 shows a horizontal section through a central house, which again consists of an inner shell 1 and an outer shell 2, between which a cavity filled with insulating material 3 is present. The partitions are with 40.41. By changing the distance between the outer shell 2 and the thermal insulation of the inner shell 1 can also be varied here.

In the structure shown, the double-shell construction can thus be used can be made without thermal bridges.

The inner support shell can be welded in the third points. The outer shell can only be held at the bottom and at the top under each other and with the supporting shell are welded. Any welding in the third points can be carried out in a similar way to the carrying tray.

The inner shell is welded to the outer shell outside the boundary surfaces of the individual rooms, so that everywhere the thermal bridge-free Connection is guaranteed.

The butt joints of the outer and inner shell can each be offset to be ordered.

Even after the individual panels have been completed and transported The thermal insulation can still be applied to the construction site by enlarging the space in between (Space for foaming) can be enlarged as required.

While for the inner shell basically the Concrete with the composition mentioned above is to be used, the external Shell, the facing or facing shell, either made of a concrete or the same other composition, made of exposed concrete or structural concrete of any other composition, of other plate-shaped material, of masonry, or of any other material Substances exist.

The cavity does not necessarily have to be filled with foam, but can also be filled with insulation material, e.g. insulation wool, insulation boards, etc.

If the inner shell in exposed concrete and the outer shell in structural concrete all plastering work can be omitted. Because the inner shell is made of a heat-insulating concrete is made, which - only painted or papered - Due to the low penetration rate (lukewarm) the unpleasant abstraction in the living area avoids, there is a good indoor climate.

Example 1: The inner and outer shell are each made of a concrete made from granules of blast furnace slag or similar slag and Binding agent such as lime or cement, one being made by breaking, e.g.

in a roller mill, having a maximum grain size of 5 mm Granulated slag is used, the proportion of particles being the grain size below 0.2 mm is at least 10%.

When mixing a mixture of such an improved granulate and binder with a lightweight aggregate of a grain size greater than 3 mm a vibratable concrete can be produced that has a compressive strength of up to to 300 kg / cm² (Bn 30) and for the Manufacture of reinforced and non-reinforced structural parts can be used. This structure parts have good heat and sound insulation properties.

Example 2S The inner shell is made as in Example 1.

A lightweight concrete is used for the outer shell Binders such as lime or cement water and granulated broken slag e.g. Boiler slag or blast furnace slag, with a maximum grain size of 5 mm and a proportion of particles with a grain size of less than 0.2 mm of at least 10%> as well as expanded clay, especially in the form of regular, small, vesicular spheres of cellular form Structure can be added separately or as a mixture. The grain size of the used Expanded clay or the like. should preferably be at least 3 mm.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous when used as an aggregate a mixture of at least 50% by volume broken slag granulate and at most 50 vol. Expanded clay is used, as this results in a lightweight concrete that can be used with vibrators is compressible.

Example 3: The inner shell is produced as in Example 1.

A fair-faced concrete is used for the outer shell Fine aggregate granulated blast furnace slag or / and racing slag or / and boiler smelting slag or or and similar slag with vitreous substance a maximum grain size of 8 mm, preferably 3 mm, and overall with a fine fraction of particles with a grain size below 0.06 mm from at least 5% to at most 25%> a fine fraction of particles with a grain size of less than 0.2 mm from 12 to 50%> preferably 20-40%, and with a proportion of the grain size below 1 mm of at least 50% to a maximum of 80% with the total proportion of the grain size between 0> 2 and 1 mm is at least 40 ffi and at most 80% of the slag weight, and as a well-known coarse aggregate leca, expanded clay, sintered fly ash, pumice or the like. The following applies to all versions by changing the distance between the outer and inner shell changes the thermal insulation values, i.e. the can be adapted to local conditions.

The structures described have the advantage that they are all strict Meet the requirements of the thermal insulation standards so that they provide excellent thermal insulation> but also have heat storage and good sound insulation.

Since the facing shell is only 6 - 8 cm, the inner supporting shell 10 - 12 cm, the non-load-bearing partitions 6 - 8 cm and the load-bearing partitions 10 - Must be 12 cm thick, the assembly of the room-sized panels is with all common Cranes including truck-mounted cranes are possible.

Since the visible surfaces are completely smooth, it is possible to use the inner Wall surface ready to be wallpapered or painted, the outer wall surface with structural concrete to produce ready-to-paint.

After assembly, the individual wall panels are welded together.

Due to the favorable penetration number b, they have more favorable values than with normal plaster or heat-insulating plaster and effect, although all surfaces are plaster-free executed are a pleasant living environment that other systems cannot, or only with difficulty, achieve is to achieve.

With an appropriate floor plan, the house type can be very inexpensive be, to which there is also the fact that one goes from high-rise building to the single or row house can.

16 figures 9 claims

Claims (9)

Claims: building, aessea room-enclosing outer walls at least are partially formed from two spaced apart shells, wherein at least the inner shell, designed as a load-bearing plate, is made of a heat-insulating shell and heat-storing concrete is produced, which is glassy, broken as an aggregate Granules, in particular high fume slag, boiler smelting slag or the like., With a max.grain size of 5 mm and a proportion of particles with a grain size of less than 0.2 mm of at least 10 O / o of the granules, characterized in that the outer (2) and the inner shell (1) over the entire height of the room and essentially Separated from one another over the entire width of the individual shell (1,2) and free of thermal bridges extend, and that between the outer (2) and the inner shell (1) formed Cavity filled with insulating material (3), in particular with plastic foam such as e.g. polyurethane foam, is filled with foam. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer (2) and the inner shell (i) only in the area of their upper and lower edges, respectively outside of the space enclosed by them, by means of a rigid connection, or through a form-fitting connection with the ceiling or floor construction with one another are firmly connected. 3. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer (2) and the inner shell (1) welded to one another in the area of their upper sides are, wherein in the top of each of the shells at least one as a welding base serving plate odOdglO (4,5) is embedded, which plates by at least one, æ.B0 rod-shaped9 connecting element () are connected to one another. 4. Structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the change of the thermal insulation value, the length of the connecting element can be changed. 5. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the butt joints of the outer (2) and inner shell (1) offset against each other are arranged. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that at least the butt joints of the inner shell (1) with elastic grout or the like (26) are lined. 7. Building according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least in the butt joints of the outer shell (2) a moisture seal (27), in particular a foam rubber band or the like is incorporated. 8. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the heat penetration number b from the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (1) and the existing cavity walls 8-20 2 KJ / hO'5 filled with insulating material (3) m2K, in particular 10-15 KJjh0.5 m2K. 9. Building according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that in order to change the size of the cavity filled with insulating material (3) the distance between the outer (2) and the inner shell (1), especially during the assembly of the structure, is adjustable.