DE2760469C2 - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement of concave mirror lights on a vehicle according to the Features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

From DE-GM 16 85 076 a concave mirror lamp of the above Kind known, which is designed as a signal lamp and used in particular at railway crossings. The optical axis of the concave mirror reflector essentially aligned horizontally so that the main light beam through the Main light exit opening of the concave mirror reflector essentially is radiated horizontally to one on one Warn road users approaching road if necessary. Further some of the light on the side of the street facing the street Housing at a vertically extending angle below emerge horizontally, this sidelight for illumination the street below the concave mirror lamp. The Concave mirror reflector has one as a light exit opening trained, non-mirrored area, through which the Filament of a light bulb emits light to a housing opening can get out of this below the horizontal to be broadcast. Furthermore, the filament is a rotationally symmetrical converging lens upstream, by means of which that emerging in the direction of the optical axis and not to Concave mirror reflector light emitted over the entire angular range with respect to the optical axis even to this is collected. Between the horizontal main beam and the sidelight emitted downwards is in a comparative wide angle no light emitted. A road users approaching this angular range  consequently, the luminaire is not with the required security perceive.

From DE-PS 6 66 724 is a headlight, especially for Bicycles, with a locking ring for holding and holding a lens, which is made of glass and the Main light exit opening of the concave mirror reflector covers. The called locking ring consists of transparent or translucent Fabrics and is illuminated by rays of light, which from side light exit openings of the concave mirror reflector emerge. The lens is in the lock ring by means of a sap ring held, which is designed as a resilient ring is. There are tabs and inside the lock ring between these gaps provided for the passage of light should enable. Because of the rest of the the entire circumference of the spring-loaded split ring the side light is not connected to the main light beam broadcast, but it is next to the main light beam there is a practically non-illuminated angular range.

Furthermore, a headlight is known from FR-PS 10 25 319, whose housing has a side light exit opening. This headlight is between the direction of the main light beam emitted by the optical axis and by the called side light outlet opening emitted sidelight there is an unilluminated angular range.

Finally, from DE-GM 19 69 538 a signal lamp for Motor vehicles known, which have a reflector and a translucent, has bulging lens, which with Spreading material is provided. These scattering agents are in front of the main light outlet arranged to be part of the from the filament directly emitted light to the side or to the rear to emit as sidelight. This results in a reduction the light intensity in the area in which without this scattering agent the light could escape unhindered. It is  consequently again a gap in the lateral light emission area present that is undesirable and in terms of safety regulations is even prohibited for road traffic.

In concave mirror lights according to the main patent 26 28 243, the main light bundle is enclosed a solid angle with a square cross section, the  in the direction of travel of the vehicle or opposite to it Direction of travel extends as follows:

• a) In a horizontal plane, which is the optical axis of the concave mirror reflector includes over an angular range of 20 ° (range of +/- 10 ° on both sides of the optical axis),
• b) in the vertical plane, which is the optical axis of the concave mirror reflector includes and to the above Horizontal plane is perpendicular, over an angular range of 20 ° (range of +/- 10 ° on both sides of the optical axis).

The main light beam should have the greatest possible light intensity so that the concave mirror lamp can be seen from a distance is. This means that this main light beam in strong bends or for side traffic is visible, points the concave mirror lamp according to the main patent one second light emission area with an up and down limited angular range of z. B. about 20 ° in the vertical plane with a wide fan in the horizontal plane.

The invention is based on the object make a vehicle clearly visible from the side with the lighting device switched on. The This problem is solved in accordance with the characteristics of Features specified claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the Subclaims marked.

The invention is as follows explained using the drawing. It shows

Figs. 1 to 3, the arrangement of concave mirror lights on a motor vehicle,

FIGS. 4 to 9, the application of the concave mirror lamps on a bicycle,

Fig. 10 to 16 concave mirror lights, whose optical axes lie in the horizontal plane,

Fig. 17 to 19 concave mirror lights whose optical axes form with the horizontal plane an angle,

Figs. 20 to 22 are schematic diagrams for explanation of the spatial angular relationships and

Fig. 23 and 24, a concave mirror lamp with the lens and bulb scattering trough.

Fig. 1 shows, in side view, Fig. 2 from behind Fig. 3 from above a motor vehicle 2 having rear position lamps 4 and 6. Each tail light 4 or 6 emits a main light beam to the rear in the rear angular range β 1 , which lies in the vertical plane VK (see FIGS. 20, 21, 22), which includes the optical axis 8 of the tail light 4 or 6 . The front standing or position lights 10 and 12 of motor vehicle 2 will send out a main light beam which β the front angle range 2 sweeps, which lies in the vertical plane VK, including the optical axis 8 of the lamps 10 and 12. FIG. The angular ranges β 1 and β 2 are the limits only in the vertical plane VK; of course, as explained in the introduction, the main light beam sweeps over a solid angle.

The optical axes 8 of the main light beams of the lamps 4 , 6, 10 and 12 are in the illustrated embodiment in the horizontal plane EF, which includes the center of gravity of the filament of these lamps.

Fig. 2 shows the motor vehicle 2 of Fig. 1 from behind. One recognizes the second light emission area of each tail light 4 or 6 , which covers the lateral opening angle β 3 , which lies in the vertical planes, which are perpendicular to the horizontal plane EF and run through the center of gravity of the luminous element of the lamp. This lateral opening angle β 3 results from the dimensions of the slot according to the invention in the concave mirror reflector. This is explained in more detail below.

Fig. 3 shows the motor vehicle 2 of Figs. 1 and 2 in supervision. The arrows drawn indicate the light exit directions which form a light fan. The light fans of the lights 4, 6, 10 and 12 extend in the horizontal plane EF (drawing plane of FIG. 3) outwards over an outer horizontal angle γ 1 and inwards over an inner horizontal angle γ 2 . In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, the outer horizontal angles γ 1 of the lights 4, 6, 10, 12 are each 110 °, whereas the inner horizontal angles γ 2 of these lights are 50 ° each.

FIGS. 4 to 9 show a bicycle 14 with a rear lamp 6 and a front position lamp 10. With regard to the rear angular range β 1, the front angular range β 2 and the lateral opening angle β 3 , reference is made to the above statements. In contrast to FIG. 3, however, two identical outer horizontal angles γ 1 can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 9, because in a single-track vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle) the tail light 6 and the front standing light 10 must have a wide horizontal to the right and to the left Send out light fans to be visible to traffic coming from the side.

The luminous element 18 of the incandescent lamp 16 of the lamp shown in FIG. 10 occupies at least part of the combustion chamber of the concave mirror reflector 20 . This concave mirror reflector 20 bundles the light rays that strike it and emanate directly from the luminous element 18 to form a main light bundle.

The vertical section of FIG. 10 (vertical plane VK, cf. FIGS. 20, 21 and 22) shows the upper edge 22 and the lower edge 24 of a slot 26 through which the horizontal plane EF runs. The slot 26 widens from the base 28 of the concave mirror reflector 20 to the outer edge 30 thereof, so that the lateral opening angle β 3 (see FIG. 11, which represents a section on the left of the line XI-XI through FIG. 10) in all through the Light center of gravity of the luminous element 18 is perpendicular to the planes perpendicular to the horizontal plane EF. This increase in the width of the slots 26 can also be seen in FIG. 12, which shows a view of the lamp of FIG. 10 against the direction of the main light beam. FIGS. 11 and 12 show that the use of the lamp to a two wheeled vehicle, two slots 26 are provided. In the case of two-lane vehicles, which generally have two rear lights, the concave mirror reflector 20 on the inside of the vehicle can remain closed, so that a slot 26 is only present on the outside.

FIG. 13 shows a section through the object of FIG. 10 in the horizontal plane EF. In this illustration it can be seen that the slots 26 extend from the outer edge 30 of the concave mirror reflector 20 to its base 28 , so that the horizontal angle γ 1 of the light fan has the greatest possible value of approximately 120 °, which can be achieved in view of the remaining dimensions of this lamp is.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 10 to 12, the slot 26 is symmetrical to the horizontal plane EF, ie the portion β 0 located above the horizontal plane EF (cf. FIG. 11) of each lateral opening angle β 3 is as large as the portion located below the horizontal plane EF βu of this lateral opening angle β 3 . Figs. 14 to 16 show, however, an asymmetrical formation of the slit 26; otherwise the construction corresponds to that of FIGS. 10 to 12. Fig. 14 is, like Fig. 10, a section in a vertical plane VK; Fig. 15 shows a section along the line XV-XV through Fig. 14; and FIG. 16 shows a view of the lamp of FIG. 14 against the direction of the main light beam.

That portion βu of the second light emission area which lies below the horizontal plane EF hits the road surface at a relatively short distance. However, it cannot be completely suppressed, since otherwise the rear light of a bicycle, for example, would not be recognizable from the side when the bend was at an angle. However, it is possible to reduce this lower portion βu of the lateral opening angle β 3 to approximately half, whereas the upper portion β 0 in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS . 14 to 16 is approximately as large as in FIGS. 10 to 13. This reduction of the lower portion βu leads to an improvement in the intensity of the main light beam, which is weakened by the provision of the slots 26 .

FIG. 17 shows a similar illustration to FIG. 10 and FIG. 14, but the reflector 20 , shown in dashed lines, is only indicated schematically. The slot 26 delimited by the edges 22 and 24 can be seen. A strong solid line indicates a reflector 20 a inclined by the angle of inclination Ω = 5 °, the slot 26 of which has almost the same edges 22 and 24 as the slot 26 of the non-inclined reflector 20 . Would it be required that the lateral opening angles β 3 in the inclined reflector 20 a are the same as in the non-inclined reflector 20 , this would result in the exact, mathematically difficult to specify curved shape of the edges 22, 24 . In practice, however, a slot 26 with edges 22, 24 , which are exactly straight in the illustration of FIG. 17, is much easier to produce than a slot with curved edges. Since when the slot is formed with (in FIG. 17) straight edges, the lateral opening angles β 3 are sufficiently identical to one another in all planes running perpendicular to the horizontal plane EF through the center of gravity of the luminous element 18 , the basic inventive idea becomes with a straight design of the edges 22, 24 do not leave.

Fig. 18 shows a lamp with a concave mirror reflector 20 a inclined by the angle of inclination Ω. The angle of inclination Ω denotes the angle between the optical axis 8 a of the concave mirror reflector 20 a and the horizontal plane EF. The optical axis 8 a is also the axis of the lens bulb 16 a and penetrates the horizontal plane EF in the light center 34 of the luminous element 18 of the lens bulb 16 , cf. also Fig. 17.

The slot 26 of the lamp of FIG. 18 produces lateral opening angles β 3 which are symmetrical to the horizontal plane EF. The bisector of these opening angles form the family of straight lines shown in FIG. 20, which start from the center of light 34 of the luminous element 18 and all lie in the horizontal plane EF.

Through the optical axis 8a of the concave mirror reflector 20 a vertical level VK is laid. This intersects with the horizontal plane EF in the horizontal straight line 36 .

While Fig. 18 (corresponding to Fig. 10, 11 and 12) symmetrical to the horizontal plane EF arrangement of the slot 26 shows an asymmetrical arrangement 19 is shown in Fig. (15 and 16 corresponding to Fig. 14), respectively. Moreover, the Figure 19 is similar. Fig. 18, here, too, the optical axis of the reflector 8 a 20 a inclined by the inclination angle Ω relative to the horizontal plane EF. The bisectors of the lateral opening angles β 3 lie in one plane.

This level is designated WH in FIG. 22; when comparing with the horizontal plane EF shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 22, it can be seen that the plane WH (because of the asymmetrical arrangement of the slots 26 ) is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal plane EF. In this case too, however, the vertical plane VK, which includes the optical axis 8 a of the inclined concave mirror reflector 20 a, intersects the plane WH of the bisector in the horizontal straight line 36 .

In FIG. 21, the bisectors of the right slot 26 and left slot 26 lie together in the horizontal plane EF. In the asymmetrical arrangement of FIG. 22, however, a different plane WH is assigned to the bisectors of the lateral opening angles β 3 of the left slot 26 than the bisectors of the lateral opening angles β 3 of the right slot 26 ; For this reason, only a single slot 26 with the associated plane WH of the bisector of the lateral opening angle β 3 is shown in FIG. 22 in order to make the figure clear. The corresponding plane of the bisector of the lateral opening angles β 3 of the other slot would also intersect in the horizontal straight line 36 with the illustrated planes WH, EF and VK.

In the lamp of Fig. 19, the portion located above the horizontal plane EF is β 0 of the lateral opening angle β 3 is about 10 °, the portion located below the horizontal plane EF whereas βu the lateral opening angle β 3 is only about 5 °. These angles β 3 , β 0 and βu cannot be seen in FIG. 19.

24 Fig. 23 shows a horizontal section, Fig. A vertical section through a particularly advantageous light.

Part of the light emanating from the luminous element 18 of the lens incandescent lamp 16 a is emitted in the direction of the optical axis 8 and at a large solid angle around it, without being collected by the concave mirror reflector 20 to form the main light beam. This light can be used without weakening the intensity of the main light beam. For this purpose, the incandescent lamp is designed as a lens incandescent lamp 16 a, the collecting lens 38 of which collects the light not collected to form the main light beam into a light beam which is rotationally symmetrical to the optical axis 8 . A biconcave cylindrical lens 40 is arranged in front of the converging lens 38 , which is referred to below as “scatter channel 40 ” and is arranged in the cover plate 42 of the lamp. This scattering channel 40 is symmetrical to the vertical plane VK, which includes the optical axis 8 ; in other words, the scatter channel 40 extends perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the drawing EF.

Fig. 24 shows that the scattering channel 40 leaves the light collected by the rotationally symmetrical converging lens 38 in the vertical plane (which is the drawing plane of FIG. 24) unaffected, so that even after it emerges from the scattering channel 40 in the vertical plane the angular range β 1 or β 2 (see FIGS. 1 to 9) sweeps over. In the horizontal plane ( FIG. 23), however, the scattering channel 40 pulls the light apart to form a wide fan of light that can sweep almost 180 °. This ensures that the entire horizontal angle γ 1 is swept from the outermost light beam 44 of the second light beam region to the optical axis 8 ; γ 1 measures over 110 °.

Lateral light exit openings (slots) can also be produced in that the concave mirror reflector is made of transparent material and no light outlet openings in the area of the light outlet opening (Slots) are attached, but only  the mirroring of the concave mirror reflector is such Has opening (slot), d. H. is left out there.

Claims (24)

1. Arrangement of concave mirror lights to a vehicle, each of which has a luminous element and a concave mirror reflector, by means of which light emitted by the luminous element is detected and emitted as a main light beam through a main light exit opening of the concave mirror reflector, essentially in the direction of the optical axis, the concave mirror reflector having a side exit opening in order to emit side light at an angle to the optical axis, characterized in that a main light beam is emitted in the direction of travel and a main light beam opposite to the direction of travel, and in that side light exit openings ( 26 ) extend from the outer edge ( 30 ) of the main light exit openings of the concave mirror reflectors ( 20 ) in horizontal planes (EF) extend in the direction of the base of the concave mirror reflectors ( 20 ) such that in each case the rear edge beam of the side light adjoining the main light beam to the optical axis ( 8 ) has an angle (γ 1 ) of at least 90 degrees, and that the side lights are emitted essentially in horizontal directions over a vertical angular range (β 3 ). 2. Arrangement of concave mirror lights according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement comprises 4 concave mirror lights, of which 2 side-by-side concave mirror lights emit their main light beam in the direction of travel and 2 side-by-side concave mirror lights emit their main light bundle opposite to the direction of travel, being seen from above on the vehicle, the 4 concave mirror lights delimit a rectangle, and that the side light outlet openings ( 26 ) are each arranged on the outside of the concave mirror reflectors ( 20, 20 a) and light emanating from the 4 illuminants ( 18 ) in the vertical angular range (β 3 ) around the vehicle is emitted around. 3. Arrangement of concave mirror lights according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement has 2 concave mirror lights, one of which emits its main light beam in the direction of travel, the other its main light beam opposite to the direction of travel and that the concave mirror reflectors ( 20, 20 a) on both sides of their optical Axis ( 8 ) have a light exit opening ( 26 ) which lie in horizontal planes (EF) and light emanating from the 2 luminous elements ( 18 ) is emitted in the vertical angular range (β 3 ) around the vehicle. 4. Arrangement of concave mirror lights according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angle (γ 1 ) is at least 100 degrees and preferably at least 110 degrees, so that the edge rays emerging from the side light exit openings ( 26 ) of the various concave mirror lights are in one Cut the distance from the vehicle and thus one side light connects to the other side light without gaps and that light of at least one luminous element ( 18 ) is visible from all viewing directions around the vehicle in the angular range (β 3 ). 5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) of the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is arranged symmetrically to the horizontal plane (EF) and 5 ° to 30 °, advantageously 10 ° to 26 ° and preferably Is 10 ° to 22 °. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) extends from the base ( 28 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a) to its outer edge ( 30 ). 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is approximately half the distance between the base ( 28 ) and the outer edge ( 30 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a) to its outer edge ( 30 ) extends. 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) from its blunt end near the base ( 28 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a) to the outer edge ( 30 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20th a) widened in a wedge shape. 9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is designed such that two mutually underlying points of the upper edge ( 22 ) and the lower edge ( 24 ) of this side light outlet opening ( 26 ) with the center of gravity ( 34 ) of the filament ( 18 ) includes approximately the same opening angle (β 3 ), which is advantageously 20 °. 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 9, characterized in that the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) of the slot ( 26 ) to the horizontal plane (EF) is arranged asymmetrically. 11. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 10, characterized in that the portion lying above the horizontal plane (EF) (β 0 ) of the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) of the asymmetrical side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is larger than under the Part (βu) of this lateral opening angle (β 3 ) located in the horizontal plane (EF). 12. The arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the portion above the horizontal plane (EF) (βo) of the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) of the asymmetrical side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is 2 ° to 14 °, advantageously 4 ° to 11 ° and preferably Measures 5 ° to 8 °. 13. The arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the portion (βu) of the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) of the asymmetrical side light outlet opening ( 26 ) located above the horizontal plane (EF) is 1 ° to 7 °, preferably 2.5 to 5 ° measures. 14. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in a concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a) made of a transparent material, a mirroring in the region of the side light outlet opening ( 26 ) is omitted. 15. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14, with the inclined angle (Ω) with respect to the horizontal plane (EF) inclined optical axis ( 8 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20 a), characterized in that the bisector of the lateral opening angle (β 3 ) the side light exit opening ( 26 ) lie in a plane (WH) which intersects in a horizontal straight line ( 36 ) with that vertical plane (VK) which is laid through the optical axis ( 8 ) of the concave mirror reflector ( 20 a). 16. The arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the horizontal straight line ( 36 ) through the light center ( 34 ) of the filament ( 18 ). 17. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a) on both sides of its optical axis ( 8 ) has at least one side light exit opening ( 26 ). 18. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the partial area which is recessed for the side light outlet opening ( 26 ), at most 50%, advantageously at most 35% and preferably at most 20%, of the originally reflective, optically effective surface of the Concave mirror reflector ( 20, 20 a). 19. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a collecting lens ( 38 ) is arranged in front of the luminous element ( 18 ), in front of which is advantageously arranged an optical system which diverges in only two opposite directions lying in the horizontal plane (EF) is. 20. The arrangement according to claim 19, characterized in that the diverging optical system is a concave cylindrical lens ( 40 ). 21. The arrangement according to claim 20, characterized in that the cylindrical lens ( 40 ) is thinnest in the middle and possibly plane-parallel, monotonous, preferably steadily thicker from the center and extends perpendicular to the horizontal plane (EF). 22. The arrangement according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the cylindrical lens ( 40 ) is biconcave. 23. Arrangement according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the cylindrical lens ( 40 ) the light emitted by the converging lens ( 38 ) in the beam angle (δ), in particular a lens incandescent lamp ( 16 a), in a horizontal beam angle ( 2 γ 3 ) of at least 70 °, advantageously at least 100 ° and preferably at least 120 ° apart. 24. Arrangement according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the cylindrical lens ( 40 ) is an integral part of a cover plate ( 42 ) of the concave mirror lamp.