DE2750473A1 - METHOD FOR PRESSING BALES FROM OBJECTS, IN PARTICULAR FROM MOTOR VEHICLE BODIES, AND BALE PRESS FOR EXECUTING THE PROCESS - Google Patents

Description

D, ■! ! ng ■ ·. ■■■■ IVhIW 3 _{9β November 1977}

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Raymond Barry Smith Bamber Bridge, Lancashire, UK

"Method for pressing bales from objects, in particular from motor vehicle bodies, and baling presses to exercise the procedure "

The invention relates to a baling press, in particular a baling press for motor vehicle bodies, and a method for pressing bales from an article, in particular from motor vehicle bodies

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Balers have a working chamber and items, which are to be pressed into bales must first be cut into a shape that will fit into the chamber. This can require manual cutting of the objects before they are introduced into the working chamber and this has the disadvantage that a considerable amount of time and labor must be expended. This problem is particularly acute when it is desired to manufacture steel automobile body bundles. The steel processing industry wants bundles in about 30 cm cubes and for this reason it is necessary to split the car body into a large number of parts cut, which are suitable for insertion in baling machines, which are able to bundle in the form of cubes with 30 cm edge length.

According to the invention a baling machine is provided which is used for pressing bales from parts of a metal body serves and the one working chamber for receiving a part of the metal body, cutting devices for separating the into the Working chamber received part of the rest of the body and a ram for compressing the received in the working chamber Part of the body covered.

According to the invention, a method of baling is also provided which involves feeding a portion of a bale into a bale

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article to be pressed into a working chamber, actuation a cutting device for separating the article part resting in the working chamber from the part outside the working chamber located remainder and pressing a ram to the length of the article in the working chamber to a bundle compress.

The articles are preferably brought into the Working chamber introduced either by a slide or by a pivoting platform.

Preferably the ram and platform are hydraulic moved, the arrangement being such that an ejection flap then opens to eject a compressed bundle, when the pressure of the hydraulic pressure medium reaches a predetermined maximum value. The ejected bundle will open a raised steel channel and when a bundle enters the canal, the uppermost bundle in the canal falls into one Container.

The cutting device comprises two steel blades which can be reciprocated relative to one another.

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Preferably the amount of compression is microswitched controlled, which are then switched when the ram reaches a predetermined position.

Preferably, three hydraulic rams are provided for pressing the bundle, which are at right angles to each other stand, one of which compresses the bundle in the vertical direction.

An electromagnetic valve is preferably provided in order to maintain a predetermined maximum pressure of the hydraulic medium, which is fed to the rams when they have performed their compression stroke.

The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In this Drawing show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a baler according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the cutting blades used to cut an automobile ;

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Fig. 3 is a plan view of the baler according to

Fig. 1, with some parts omitted for clarity;

4 shows a side view of the baler according to FIGS. 1 and

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of part of the baler shown in FIG. 1.

The baler comprises a rigid bed 1 which comprises a bottom wall 2, a rear wall 3, side walls 4 and 5 and a front wall 6. The rear wall 3 comprises a journal bearing 7 which supports the cylindrical end of a unit 8 comprising a hydraulic piston and a cylinder so as to be pivotable by means of a pin 9. The piston-side end of the unit is arranged pivotably by means of a pivot pin 10 on a press ram 11 which is able to slide over the bottom wall 2. The ram (Fig. 5) is a box-section construction which has a front wall 12, the height of which is equal to the depth of the waste material to be compressed and a width that forms a narrow gap on both sides of the ram from the associated wear plates (not shown) which are provided on the inner sides of the side walls 4 and 5 of the bed 1. The ram comprises a bottom wall 13 _f side walls 14 and 15

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and a top wall 16 which are designed so that the sides of the ram have a larger gap at the rear end of the Release the press ram between the sides of the corresponding wear plates. This allows the ram to be in Bed 1 can be tilted slightly. The ram also carries two anchor rods 17 and 18 via pivot pins, which reverse project from the ram, are mounted on rollers 20 and 21 and pass through corresponding openings in the rear wall 3 of the bed 1 extend through and protrude beyond this at the rear. The protruding areas of the anchor rods carry each a thread for receiving a cylindrical stop 20 or 23, so that this is axially on the corresponding anchor rod area can be adjusted by unscrewing. The anchor rods and the piston-side end of the unit 8 are so with the Press ram connected that their longitudinal axes lie in a common transverse line at a point slightly above the Is transverse line dividing the height of the ram to prevent movement of the ram during pressing support in the vertical plane.

The bed 1 carries an upright plate 24 to which a fixed cutting blade 25 is attached, which has a V-shape Has area, the tip of which is directed towards the front wall 6 of the bed, while the ram 11 has a cutting blade 26 includes, which is formed at its upper front end

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forms is. The through the front wall 6 of the bed, the front wall 12 of the ram 11 and the corresponding areas The space bounded by the side and bottom walls of the bed forms the working chamber 27 of the baler, the one in front of the top of the fixed cutting blade 25 is the volume determines the working chamber into which the material to be formed into a bale is pressed by the ram 11.

A limit switch 28 (Fig. 3) is in the middle of the width of the Bed 1 arranged and the ram 11 carries a stop, not shown, then acting on the switch, when the ram 11 reaches a predetermined position, as will be explained in more detail below.

The ram mechanism described above causes a first Press section of the machine. A second pressing section is compressed by a vertical pressing and a third by an end-side pressing of the one compressed in the first two sections Material causes.

To effect the second pressing section, an inFig. 4 of the Drawing shown a piston and a cylinder comprising unit 29, a ram 30, anchor rods 31 and 32,

Screw stops 33 and 34 and a limit switch are provided that

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form a ram mechanism in exactly the same way as <

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it is used to carry out the first section. To carry out the third pressing section, a piston and a cylinder unit 36 is provided, which at its end on the piston side carries a ram 37 which, when the first two pressing sections effectuate The ram have reached the end of their working strokes, in the transverse direction to the baler on the front walls of this Press ram and the bottom and the front wall of the bed 1 slides along to a final pressing of the one To effect balls of material to be formed. When the pressure of the hydraulic medium reaches a predetermined maximum value, the compression stroke of the ram has ended.

The hydraulic system used for this baler includes relays for the first and second pressure sections an electromagnetically moved pressure-unloaded valve for all pressure sections, which is controlled so that the corresponding The ram is connected to the tank when the electromagnet is de-energized. Each of the relays is with one corresponding capacitor bridged, so that after switching off the current to an electromagnetic coil, the relay re-energizing the electromagnets of the valve for a period of time determined by the charging time of the capacitor, for example 0.7 seconds, prevent «This prevents pressure surges from occurring through the hydraulic supply lines during of switching from applying the ram of an ab-

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cut to pressurize the ram of the next

will be transferred to the pressing portion, and in this way Vdas Avoiding bursting of the pressure lines supports. This technique is also used when relieving the pressure ram of the third Section used, the delay between the release of the maximum pressure and the return of the ram is switched to the depressurized state.

The machine bed also includes a platform supported thereby. The platform is on the side walls of the bed hinged in the retracted position of the ram 11 and can from a horizontal position in a vertical Able to be swung about their pivot points by two actuators 39 and 40 attached to the side walls of the bed are.

When the baler is in operation, the material to be pressed into a bale, for example a motor vehicle, is placed on the Platform 38 applied when it is in its horizontal position. The platform 38 is then in the vertical Pivoted position to allow the lower end of the vehicle to fall into the working chamber of the baler. Is located the car is in a vertical position, the operator will turn on the baler and it will work automatically works. A pump delivers hydraulic medium to the first one

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hydraulic ram 11 and the part of the motor vehicle that rests in the working chamber, which in the drawing illustrated embodiment has a depth of about 60 cm, is separated by the two cutting blades. Simultaneously the first ram compresses the cut part to about 30 cm from the front wall of the working chamber. During this process, the ram 11 can when the moving cutting blade by different Hardness of the material of the motor vehicle is unevenly loaded, incline in bed to the moving cutting blade to pivot the unyielding material to the fixed cutting blade. That way becomes a additional lifting force is exerted on the more rigid material, and this enables the moving cutting blade cuts through a material that would otherwise have required a higher hydraulic pressure, and from this Basically, machine parts with a thicker cross-section would be required. This in turn would reduce the cost of the baler raise. The cutting of the material is also simplified by the V-shape of the fixed cutting blade, since this ensures that the severing movement has a certain amount of a shearing action and not just a pure squeezing action which makes it easier to cut off more rigid material. However, the baler should either

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are overloaded by excess or unsuitable material, the hydraulic system is designed in such a way that when the predetermined maximum pressure is reached, this pressure is maintained for a limited time, for example 6 seconds, and then drops and the ram slides back to allow the excess or unsuitable material to be removed.

The pivotally connected to the ram 11 anchor rods ensure that when the ram at a Pressing or cutting process is inclined, but at the end of its stroke is at right angles in the bed, i.e. the front wall 12 of the ram is aligned with a transverse line of the bed 1 so that the predetermined compressed volume of the material is exactly achieved.

For this purpose, the stops on the anchor rods 17 and 18 used to determine the stroke of the ram. Before a work process, these are positioned so that the stops touch the outer surface of the rear wall 3 of the bed, when the front wall of the ram 11 is at right angles in the bed and has been moved forward exactly to the end position, which is desired by the degree of compression to be effected. The limit switch is set so that it this Position corresponds. That way the switch won't

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switched when one side of the ram this position reached before the other, and the pressure on the ram is maintained until its other side the end position is reached and both stops on the anchor rods 17, 18 touch the rear wall 3 of the bed 1.

In addition to the aforementioned advantage, that the ram has the ability to incline in bed, another advantage achieved, which is that the tolerance that must be observed when making the bed and the ram is much more favorable than this otherwise the case, for example, the gap between the rear end of the ram and the corresponding wear plates be more than 10 mm.

For this reason, the same ram mechanism is used to perform the vertical press section, though there is no cutting operation during this pressing section.

For the third pressing section it is done according to the usual In practice it is considered sufficient to use only a press die which is of a greater length (i.e. the dimension in Direction of the working stroke of the ram) than its

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Width or height to get the required precision of movement to obtain.

The second hydraulic ram compresses the material in the working chamber down to about 30 cm above the floor of the working chamber

The third hydraulic ram presses the partially compressed material from one side of the baler against an ejection flap. When the pressure of the hydraulic medium has reached a predetermined pressure, which in the case of the exemplary embodiment 17.23 MPa, the discharge flap is pushed open and the bundle of compressed material is discharged into an outlet channel 42 pushed. When a bundle enters the canal, the uppermost bundle in the canal falls out of it into one Container. Once a bale has been ejected, each part of the baler moves back to its original position and the remaining part of the vehicle falls into the working chamber to cut off another piece of about two feet and to be able to press it into a bale. The bundles produced have the shape of cubes with an edge length of about 30 cm.

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Claims (1)

Claims (1. j method for forming bales from objects, in particular from motor vehicle bodies, characterized in that part of the object to be formed into bales is introduced into a working chamber, then this part by a cutting mechanism from the rest of the object located outside the working chamber separated and finally the part of the object is compressed in the working chamber by means of a ram. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the separation of the part is carried out by the cutting mechanism when the ram the Causes compression of the part. 809820/0934 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 3. baler for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by a Working chamber (27) for receiving part of the object, by cutting devices (25, 26) for separation of the part of the object received by the working chamber (27) from the remaining object and through a press ram (11) for compressing the part of the object received by the working chamber. 4. Baling press according to claim 3, characterized in that that the cutting devices (25, 26) are designed and arranged so that they the part of Separate the object when the ram (11) compresses the part. 5. Baling press according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the working chamber (27) an area with side walls (4 and 5) in which the press ram (11) acts, and that the press ram has side walls (14, 15) having a greater distance from the side walls (4, 5) of the working chamber (27) at the rear The end of the ram (11) than at its front! Ends. 809820/093 / * 6. baler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting devices have a fixed cutting blade (25) and a movable cutting blade (26). 7. Baler according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixed cutting blade (25) has a V-shape, the tip of which from the moving cutting blade (26) is directed away. 8. baler according to claim 4 and claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the moving cutting blade (26) from the ram (11) is worn. 9. baler according to claim 8, characterized in that the moving cutting blade (26) directly on the leading edge of the ram (11) is arranged. 10. Baler according to claim 5 or one of the claims 6 to 9 »characterized in that the ram (11) has an inclined position in the Working chamber is arranged enabling and that the Ab- 809820/0934 stood the side walls (14, 15) of the ram from those (4, 5) of the working chamber (27) is such, that an inclination of the ram (11) under the influence of forces during the compression stroke of the Press ram is possible. 11. Baler according to claim 10, characterized by the compression stroke of the ram (11) limiting Stops (17, 18, 22, 23), one of which each is arranged on both sides of the axis of movement of the ram so that both stops stop the movement of the ram (11) only end when this has reached the end of the compression stroke and in the working chamber (27) is not inclined. 12. Baler according to claim 11, characterized in that the stops comprise two anchor rods (17, 18) which extend, one on each side, from the rear end of the ram (11) through corresponding openings in a stop surface (3), which is formed on a fixed part of the press, and that the anchor rods (17, 18) stops; (22 _t 23) bear against the stop surface (3), lie down when the press ram (11) the end of its compressors sionshubes has reached and is not at an angle. J 809820/0914 _ 5 _ 13. Baling press according to claim 11 or 12 with a drive device for the ram, marked by a limit switch (28) which controls the drive device and which is is arranged so that it can be switched by the ram that it only ends its compression stroke when the The ram is at the end of its compression stroke and is not inclined. 14. Baler according to one of the preceding claims with two further rams for compressing the part of the object located in the working chamber, characterized in that the further rams (30, 37) are arranged so that the Part of the object is compressed along axes that are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the through the ram (11) caused compression stand, so that a compression of the part in a mass with parallelepipedal shape takes place. 15. Baling press according to claim 14, characterized in that that the two other rams (30, 37) successively after the through the Press ram (11) effect compression. 809820 / 09S4 -6- -ο ίο. Baling press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working chamber (27) has an opening for receiving part of the metal object from above the working chamber and that the ram (11) can be moved horizontally for compression. 17. Baling press according to claim 16, characterized in that that of the two other rams (30, 37) of a vertical compression of the Part of the metal body effecting press ram (30) with a stop (17, 18, 22, 23) of the press ram (11) corresponding stop (31, 32, 33 »3A) provided is. 18. Baler according to claim 6 and 16 or 17, characterized in that the fixed SchneicHinge (25) determines the height of the working chamber (27). 19. Baling press according to claim 18, characterized in that the height of the press ram (11) is approximately equal to the height of the working chamber (27). - 7 809820/0934 20. Baler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by devices through which the pressing process of the ram is interrupted is when during a compression stroke of the ram or one of the rams the pressure exerted by the ram a predetermined level for a Exceeds predetermined tent space. 21 · Baling press according to claim 14 and one of the preceding claims 15 to 20 with a system fed by a pressure medium for driving the press ram, characterized in that the system is an electromagnetically moved pressure-unloaded Valve for all ram (11, 30, 37) includes, through which the ram are connected to the tank when the Electromagnet is de-energized and that relay is switched into the circuit of the electromagnet of the valve relay and the first (11) and the second press ram (30) are assigned so that the electromagnet of the valve against a pressure surge in the line system causing re-excitation is blocked for a period if the Solenoid of valve β when reversing the pressure from first press ram (11) on the second press ram (30) and from the second press ram (30) on the third press ram (37) is de-energized. - θ -809870/0934 22. Baler according to claim 21, characterized in that that the third ram (37) another relay is assigned by which said valve is controlled so that its closing for a period between the lowering of the maximum pressure on the third Preustempel and its return is prevented without a load. 23. Baler according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that parallel to each Relay a capacitor is connected, which is charged when the electromagnet is energized. 24. Baler according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the pressure medium system rejects is a hydraulic system. 25. Baling press according to claim 16 or one of the preceding claims 17 to 24, characterized through a platform (38) for receiving the metal! I object, which is arranged such that it can be pivoted from an approximately horizontal position into an approximately vertical position is that the metal object applied to the platform in a horizontal position by pivoting the platform (38) into the vertical position through the opening of the Working chamber can be brought into this with a part. 809820/0934