DE2552938A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STEAM TREATMENT OF GENERAL FABRICS - Google Patents

Abstract

1507633 Fabric loop steamer ARIOLI & C Srl 6 July 1976 [8 July 1975] 28021/76 Heading D1L Fabric loop steamer comprises a downwardly open chamber 1 provided with a pair of rolls 13, 14 in the upper portion thereof between which the loop 21 forms, the speed of the input roll 13 being higher than the output roll 14 to allow for shrinkage. The speeds of the rolls are controlled by sensors 23, 24 to maintain the length of the fabric loop and hence the degree of shrinkage constant. Steam is discharged into the chamber from an aperture 8 in communication with passages 4 and 5 in the side and top walls 2, 3 respectively. The steam is supplied or generated at the bottom of side passage 4 and withdrawn from the chamber by suction manifolds 9. For combined saturated and superheated steam treatment the chamber (26) adjoins a further steam chamber (25) [Fig. 3 (not shown)] provided with a conveyor (40). The steaming operation may also be combined with scouring and bleaching treatments.

Description

ΕΓ '^ ίΤ ^ ΓΓ;

{- A i.; i ■ "; /. i i, ■: A» L ί ϋ

3 HANNOVER, SCHACK5TR. 1

Applicant :

202/17

ARIOLI 9 C. S.r.l.

210U0 - GERENZMO (Varese) - Italy

Via G. Pietro Clerici

Method and apparatus for steam treatment of general fabrics

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for wet and warm treatment with steam for all types of fabric, especially webs of fabric. It is known that after weaving, especially tissue Made from artificial, natural, synthetic and blended fibers require preparatory treatments in order to accept them for dyeing and / or to prepare dyes used for printing.

It is also known to be synthetic, natural, man-made and mixed Fabrics after weaving require additional treatments to improve texture. These treatments are designed to cause a death of the weft and the warp to give the fabric a larger Add firmness, voluminosity and softness.

It is also known, after various textile finishing, finishing etc. operations called the fabric or mesh, for example, creped or have been bagged, their initial crepe and puff properties as the fabric passes through the various machines have been changed for the work phases in between.

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The above-mentioned additional *, odtv the fabrics their properties Recovering pretreatments are carried out with warm or cold water baths or with warm / cold water; the above treatments can also be done with warm air. In all cases they require very complex devices and significant amounts of water and Heat with correspondingly high energy consumption and wages. In addition, the treatment times are correspondingly long, which is an increase the manufacturing costs.

The present invention has set itself the task of a method and to provide a device to eliminate the above-mentioned deficiencies, if not in whole or in part, at least to reduce them, because less water and electricity, as well as less time and labor, effort are required, which accordingly means an increase in production and a reduction in production costs.

Another object of the invention consists in realizing a method which enables the treatments of bulging, shrinking, creping, loosening of the fabric of synthetic, natural, artificial and mixed fibers to be carried out with saturated or hot steam, more precisely, depending on the nature of the fibers, with saturated Hass steam of 99 ° C, to 101 ⁰ C or with saturated Srockendampf of 101 ⁰ C to 106 ° C and, finally, with superheated steam, namely at 1 ata (absolute atmospheres).

Another object of the invention is to realize a method which enables a combined treatment of bulging, shrinking, creping and loosening of the fabrics made of synthetic, natural, artificial or mixed fibers with a purge (cleaning) and To carry out bleaching treatment.

Another purpose of the invention is to realize a method which provides a recovery treatment as the last operation to to give the fabric back its initial, for example, crepe or puff properties after printing or dyeing, in order to make the crepe de

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chine ' ¹ - Effect - and to maintain dimensional stability.

According to the invention it is generally provided that the fabric for a predetermined time, which is significantly shorter than that for treatment with Water or air required time is contained in a saturated steam Leave the surrounding area, with the tissue in loose tension State. The treatment can be separated by treatment phases in a room with saturated and / or superheated steam, consecutively or with one another can be carried out in combination.

The treatment can be continuous or discontinuous, as required atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure.

With the method according to the invention, it is also possible to carry out preparatory or additional treatments of the fabric with bulking, crepe, shrinking and similar treatments or with other methods, for example for To combine purge and bleaching of the fabric with detergents before and / or after the steam treatment.

In this way, the complete removal of OeI and the Manufacture of the thread and fabric ensures chemical products used . These products are emulsified, oxidized, volatilized in the warm, wet steam-containing environment and in the subsequent ones Iv as tubs removed.

Koch the foregoing, it is possible to combine a treatment system, the one or more wash tubs, a steam device and two or more subsequent wash basins.

In the tubs located before the steam treatment, the fabric is with Impregnated with water and then washed with solvents, which have the purpose of To remove OeI and other means used during weaving. Thereupon the tissue is introduced into the steaming device and from there into others Tubes where besides the complete removal of those used in weaving Agents, for example with other chemical products made by

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Fiber to fiber are different, the fabric may turn blue.

During the steam treatment, the fibers swell and penetrate the bleach favors. The above-mentioned bloating process can also be carried out in tubs that are arranged before the steam treatment. The fabric is then rinsed out in the final washing elements and is then ready to dry.

After continuous treatment for textile webs according to the invention is provided to feed the fabric belt at a first speed of a saturated steam dome _s it to leave for a predetermined time therein, wherein the fabric is relaxed and no voltage is subjected, and the web then at a second speed which is less and is related to the former in order to compensate for the shrinkage of the fabric tape during the treatment from which the bell jar is required. Depending on the fibers to be treated, saturated let, dry or superheated steam can be in the bell. The majority of synthetic fibers requires saturated wet steam 99 / 10O ⁰ C, while others of the polyamide and Polypropilenklasse belonging fibers require hot steam.

After a further continuous form of treatment according to the invention The procedure involves a treatment phase with superheated steam and a treatment with saturated wet or dry steam, depending on the type of fibers in advance. This has the advantage that the fabric, before it comes into contact with the superheated steam, moisture is supplied, which the Fiber swelling and thus the penetration of chemical agents is favored. For example, with some fibers (polyamide and polypropylene) it is possible to apply a bluing treatment prior to steaming in the sequence described above.

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures shown in the accompanying drawings, which show some examples of implementation. Show it:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the invention

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according to device;

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the device according to FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a section similar to FIG. 1 for a modified device; FIG. FIG. K shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention; FIG. 5 shows a view similar to FIG. H for a modified device; FIG. 6 shows a block diagram for the combination of the bulking treatment with bleaching and purging treatments.

A first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings an apparatus is shown to carry out the continuous process for the steam treatment of a web of material "realize.

The device essentially comprises a steam bell 1, which according to is open at the bottom and limited by the side walls 2 and an upper closure wall 3 with appropriate insulation.

On the side walls 2 and the top wall 3, a space k or 5 is provided for the passage of steam, ie as indicated in FIG is heated and brought to the boil in order to generate steam, which rises in the lateral spaces k , and through the openings T communicating with the space 5 of the upper bell wall and from these through the middle openings 8 in the inner wall of the upper space 5 into the Inside the steam bell 1 flows in. The steam flows downwards, where it is sucked in via a suction collector 9 arranged inside and along the lower edge of the bell 1. The collector 9 is connected to a chimney 11 'via a pipe 10 and a suction fan 11.

The water 6 on the bottom of the side partitions can accordingly the requirements in any convenient way, for example by circulating steam in a pipe 12 immersed in the water itself

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or heated by electrical resistances or diathermic oil heating coils. The steam could also come with a certain pressure and predetermined temperature from a heating system set up separately from the system. The generated steam has suitable for the desired treatment temperature have: depending on the fibers to be treated, for example: for Aekrylgewebe saturated Hass steam at 10O ⁰ C, 1 ata, for Hylongewebe, saturated dry steam at 10U ° C, 1 _s ata for polyester or polyamide fabric superheated steam from IUo ⁰ C, 1 ata. The overheating of the steam could, for example, also take place outside the device with a circulating coil superheater fed by a gas, petroleum or diesel oil burner or inside the interstices by diathermic oil coils (not shown).

Inside the steam bell 1 and in the upper position or at the height of the Cover is a first introduction roller 13 and a second output roller I ^. Both roles are on their own horizontal on the side walls Rotatable shafts. The roller 13 is moved by the drive 15 of the first electric motor attached to the outside of the bell In accordance with this, the movement of the second pin lU takes place over the drive IT from its own electric motor 18. ".-" ?.

The rollers 13, I ^ for the introduction and execution of the fabric web 19, the steam treatment are controlled in such a way that they rotate at different speeds to compensate for the Tissue shrinkage are related, as will be explained below. The mutual relationship of the roles 13, lU can in of any known type, for example by means of electrical and / or mechanical locking as required.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fabric 19 is inserted into the steam holes 1 from below introduced after passing over the deflector rollers 20; then it wraps around the movable roller 13, moving freely down, taking it forms a fold 21 - and then moves up again where it is

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partially wraps around the movable roller lU and from there again moved downwards to exit at the bottom of the steam bell, after which it is passed over the deflection rollers 22, which are located opposite the entrance rollers, has run.

The length of the route inside the steam bell and the speed of rollers 13, 1 ^ - must be sized so that the fabric for a certain remains in the steam bell for a predetermined time sufficient for the desired treatment, for example 10-100 seconds. These times are significantly shorter than those for treatment with water or air needed times.

The steam treatment must be carried out when the fabric is not stretched in order to give the fabric fibers the opportunity to use the contracting effect of the warm and humid atmosphere of the steam bath. It is therefore important that the environment is uniform in terms of both temperature and humidity in order to ensure an equal effect over the entire length and width of the fabric web. For this purpose, the design of the steam chamber 1 serves as a bell and the steam is fed from above Tissue 21, a display device, for example in the form of a photoelectric device 23, 2h, is attached, which controls the lower part of the tissue fold 21. Instead of a photoelectric device, any other electrical or mechanical device that is able to determine an excess or a reduction in the infiltration of the tissue during the treatment and accordingly to control the speed of the introduction and / or execution of the tissue could be used .

In the apparatus according to Figures 1 and 2, the treatment may be in an environment of saturated or superheated steam to take place, that is, with steam, whose temperature varies from about 100 ⁰ C to about l60 ° C. However, it can

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Sometimes the treatment phase may be appropriate, as has already been mentioned to combine with saturated steam with that with superheated steam one after the other. A corresponding device for implementing such a method is shown schematically in FIG. 3 of the "accompanying drawing".

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the device comprises a first steam chamber 25 for saturated steam and a second chamber 26 for superheated steam. These chambers are divided by the partition wall 27, which has a horizontal slot 28 for the passage of the fabric web 29.

As in the case previously described, the outer walls 30 of the steam bells 25, 26 intermediate spaces 31 and 32 for the supply of saturated or superheated steam, which is supplied via the in the intermediate spaces 33 and 3U, respectively the upper end wall of the steam bells 25, 26 provided passage orifices flowing in; the steam flowing into the steam bell 26 can Be superheated steam as described above. A collector 35 for Ausangen of the steam is attached to the inside of the lower open end of the steam bell. This collector is connected via the pipe 36 to a suction fan 37 which directs the steam to the chimney 38. The side walls and the upper wall are on the outside for appropriate thermal insulation lined with a layer 39 of insulating material.

The fabric web 29 introduced from below into the chamber 25 for pretreatment or for treatment with saturated steam runs loosely and without any tension in the upper section on a continuous inclined conveyor Uo, which is arranged in the steam bell 25, to better the fabric of the role kl to be added, especially in the case of heavy or slipping tissues. However, the tissue can also be fed vertically.

From the conveyor kO , the fabric web 29 is passed through the slot 28 in the partition 27 into the steam bell 26, where it runs down over the roller Ul for introduction into the chamber 26 for the superheated steam to form one or more folds U-2 and then is brought up again; after it has run over the exit roller k3 , it steps below the chamber 26

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on the fee overview page at the entrance.

The conveyor kO and the roller kl for introducing the fabric are motorized and are controlled by an electric motor hk and the drives H 5 and U6. The output roller k3 is also motorized via the electric motor hj and the drive k8. In the same way as in the example already described, a photocell H9 , 50 for checking the fabric is located at the end of the fabric fold k2. The mode of operation of the device according to FIG. 3 is as follows: The web of tissue introduced from below into the chamber 25 and lying loosely on the conveyor HO is pretreated by the action of saturated steam, which is let into the pretreatment chamber 25, and then enters the a chamber 26 filled with superheated steam, where the fabric is loosened by the penetration of chemical products into the fibers, as has already been said above.

A further variant of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. H of the accompanying drawing. In this case, as in the example according to FIG.

The interspace 58 has the openings 6l on its inside, which bring it into connection with the interior of the steam bell 55 so that the steam can flow through. As in the case of Figures 1 and 2, on the floor of the space 57 of the side walls 62 are a certain amount of water is brought _s zuü by heating elements 63 cooking, to produce saturated or superheated steam as needed.

A collector 6k for the evacuation of the steam is attached to the lower open end of the chamber and connected via a pipe 65 to an aspirator 66, Uli ', to direct the steam to the chimney 67.

As in the examples previously described, the fabric web 68 is the Chamber continuously fed from below, whereby it is first fed via the mo-

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Conveyor 83 descends and then passes over exit roller Qh to exit at the lower open end of chamber 5l. The steam sucked in by the Kollr'T is always guided by an electric suction device 90 to the chimney 90 '. A first electric motor 85 controls the infeed roller 82 and the continuous conveyor 88 located inside the pretreatment chamber 77 via the drive 86 and 86' at the same time is, while a second Ilotor 89 ₅ 91 ', the rotation of the conveyor 83 and the roller Qh controls in the hot steam chamber 8l via the drives 9I. the speed of the rollers 82 and Qh and the respective conveyors 88 and 83 are always irdteinander in relation to to compensate for the shrinkage of the material on the folded stretch.

In the embodiments of the figures described so far, it is possible that Steam treatment, for example, to perform bulking, creping, relaxing and shrinking treatments with bleaching and purging treatments to combine what is shown in the block diagram of FIG.

In Fig. 6, the fabric 100 is first introduced into a container 101 in order to soak it with water, then it is passed into the container 102, the detergent contains _9, for example, a solution for removing oil and residues of loom work. Then, the tissue is passed into the steaming chamber 103 according to the cases described above.

At the exit of the chamber 103 for the steam treatment, the fabric is in a Container ΚΑ-headed, the chemical products for bleaching or blueing the Contains tissue, and exclusively subjected to a rinsing process in the tub 105. Optionally, the bleaching process could precede the steam treatment and then purge the tissue. This ensures that that oils and chemical products used in the manufacture of the yarn and fabric are completely removed *. These Chemical products are emulsified, volatilized in the warm, humid steam environment and then in the subsequent washing processes easily discharged after the device for steam treatment.

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torisierte insertion roll 69 and then passes loosely that is not tensioned, is deposited on the continuous conveyor 70, the horizontally disposed in the chamber 55, wherein the fabric is for example in the H shown in Fig. winding position. Then the fabric runs over the motorized exit roller Tl ₉ to exit from the bottom of the chamber opposite the entrance. The motorized roller 69 is controlled by the electric motor 73 via the drive 72, while the continuous conveyor 70 is connected via the drive 7 to the roller 71, the rotation of which is controlled by the electric motor 76 via the drive 75. The speeds of the rollers 69 and 71 are interrelated, namely the exit of the tissue from the chamber 55 takes place at a slower speed than when it is inserted, in order to enter

to compensate that the tissue in the chamber experiences essentially on the folded path which lies on the continuous conveyor 70. In the case of FIG. H , treatment with saturated or superheated steam can also take place in the same way as in FIGS. 1 and 2, depending on the requirement.

In the case of one treatment phase with saturated steam, the second Treatment phase with superheated steam follows, the solution according to FIG. 5 can be used, in which one of the solutions shown in FIG Apparatus is similar to which a pretreatment chamber 77 is assigned.

The implementation according to FIG. 5 corresponds essentially to FIG. 3, which has been described above, with the difference that the fabric web is arranged folded on the continuous conveyor in the same way as in FIG . K. In the pretreatment chamber 77, the fabric web 78 is on the conveyor 88 in an environment of saturated steam at a temperature of 99 ° C-106 ° C and then enters the chamber 81 through the opening 79 in the partition 80, which hot steam like is supplied in the cases already described. The fabric passes over the infeed roller 82, then sits folded on the continuous one

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treatment 10 min. Number of £ ixn 10 min. wearings Raw product Steam 1 Hin. 35 Cold water Min. 36 Hot water Uo more saturated 1 + 0 Hot air 15 35

l60 156

Ik6 158

Fabric width warp thread

39

ko

As can be seen from this list, the new method of steam treatment of the fabric ensures greater fiber swelling (bulkiness) of the fibers compared to water and air treatment. In general, the result is that the fabric width is approx. 3% wider in the steam treatment with the same number of warp threads and entries per running cm of the fabric, which is of course due to the larger volume assumed by the thread after the steam treatment.

After the steam treatment, an orange peel-like appearance appears, which is technically called "crepe de chine" and economically makes the synthetic fabrics similar to silk fabrics. It can be seen from the coughs that the "crepe de chine ^K " appearance is 50% higher in the steam-treated fabrics than in the air- and water-treated fabrics.

In the samples treated with steam, there was a feeling of softness and strength at least U0 $ higher than those treated with hot water Patterns and around $ 70-80 higher than those with hot air and cold water treated substances is to be determined. The treatment times with Steam was approx. 10 times less than with cold or warm water treatments and approx. 15 times less than with warm air treatment. These facts prove the advantages and great usefulness of the invention Procedure.

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Based on the figures shown in the accompanying drawing Examples of apparatus shown to implement a continuous process according to the present invention at atmospheric pressure. Of course, the process can optionally also be carried out batchwise and at a pressure higher than atmospheric. The discounted * Continuous treatment takes place in such a way that the tissue is introduced into the chamber, for example, on a rotatable star-shaped Frame is wound up where it remains for a period of time and then taken out. During the discontinuous treatment it is at rest Tissues in the steam chamber. The treatment under pressure is carried out with the chamber completely closed so that there is a higher inside Pressure results as 1 ata.

The advantages of the method according to the invention are based on the carried out and the comparative experiments described below are easier to understand. ·

Experiments were conducted by fabric patterns in warm water at a temperature of 85/95 ° C and then in cold water at a temperature of 10.20 ⁰ C. These tests were carried out with tissue folded on winding rolls but without tension, immersed in tubs of warm and cold water. The experiment with warm air was carried out with a normal dryer with hanging folds.

Another experiment was carried out with warm air at a temperature of lUO / samples treated with 160 ° C.

Finally, attempts were made to treat with saturated wet steam at 100 ⁰ C.

The test fabric was synthetic fibers.

The results of the tests are summarized in the table below.

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Claims (1)

Claims (l / Method of Treating Bulging, Shrinking, Erectile and Relaxing tissue with steam, characterized in that the tissue (19, 29, 68, 78) is in an environment saturated with steam (l, 25, 26, 55, 72, 77, 8l) is immersed and the tissue remains in the steam for a certain period of time, being completely is relaxed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric is immersed in saturated wet steam. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric is immersed in saturated dry steam. H. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fabric is immersed in superheated steam. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric first in saturated Hass or dry steam and then in Hot steam is immersed. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam has atmospheric pressure. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-5 , characterized in that the steam has a higher than atmospheric pressure. 8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam treatment is discontinuous. 6 09882/07 0 2 - 16 - 9. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam treatment is carried out by that the tissue continuously passes through an environment saturated with steam. 10. The method according to claim 9 _S, characterized in that the fabric web (19 j 68) rat a first speed in a steam-saturated steam bell (l, 55) is introduced that the fabric for a predetermined time in the steam bell (1, 55 ) remains with the fabric (19, 68) under no tension, and the fabric (19, 68) at a second lower speed, which is related to the first, in order to compensate for the shrinkage of the fabric during the treatment from the steam bell (l , 55) emerges. 11. The method according to one or more of claims 1-10, characterized in that that a purge phase 101, 102) and a bleaching phase of the tissue are carried out before the steam treatment phase (103). 12. The method according to one or more of claims 1-10, characterized in that that before the steam treatment phase, a purging process (101, 102) and subsequently a calibration process (10U, 105) is carried out. Device for steam treatment according to the method of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one steam bell which is open at the bottom and is provided with lateral (U, 32, 57) and upper (5 ₅ 33, 58) gaps for supplying the steam from above (I ₉ 26, 72, 81) and means (13, lU; Ul, U3; 69, 70, 71; 82, 83, 8U) for feeding the tissue in the folded state without tension. -16 - 609882/0702 lU. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the means for conveying the fabric in the steam bell consist of at least one pair of motorized rollers (13, lU; Ul, U3; 69, 71; 82, 8U), from which the roller ( 13, Ul; Gk, 82), on which the fabric runs in at a higher speed and in relation to the roller (lU, U3, 71, 8U) on which the fabric runs out, rotates in order to compensate for the run-in of the tissue. 15. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the conveyor means for the fabric in the steam chamber comprises a motorized pair of rollers (69, 71) and a continuous underlying conveyor 703 on which the fabric (68) lies in the folded state, the roller 69, to which the tissue at the entrance runs at a higher rotational speed and in relation to the. The speed of the continuous conveyor 70 and the second roller 71 ' on which the fabric 68 directed to the exit runs is controlled to compensate for the infeed of the fabric. 16. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that it has a first (25, 77) and a second (26, 8l) downwardly open steam bell which communicate with one another through openings (28, 79) for the passage of the tissue, as well as a continuous conveyor (Uo _s 88) which is used in the first chamber (25, 77) to advance the tissue (29 _S 78) in the relaxed state, and conveying means (Ul, U3; 82, 83, 8U) for the tissue in the folded state in the second chamber (26, 8l) includes. 17. The device according to claim l6, characterized in that the Conveying means for the fabric in the second steam chamber are first and second motorized rollers (82, 8U) and one below continuous conveyor 83, on which the fabric lies in the folded state, the roller 82 on which the fabric lies on Input runs at a higher rotation speed and in relationship 609882/0702 - 17 - at the speed of the continuous conveyor 83 and the second roller 8U, on which the fabric runs to the exit, is controlled. Ib. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a collector (9, 35, 6h, 87) for sucking in the steam is provided at the lower open end of the steam bell (1, 25, 26, 55, 77, B1) . 609882/0702 Blank page