DE2542256C3 - Improving the milk yield of cows - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the claim r> defined use.

With his endeavor to achieve ever higher milk yields in cows through breeding selection and the administration of concentrated feed, humans have intervened heavily in the physiological household of these animals. As a result, it has been possible to increase the milk yield per animal quite considerably. However, it has recently been shown that in high-yielding cows with a daily milk production of more than 25 kg, the milk production can be increased even more, but a whole series of disadvantages occur which call this success into question again. This applies in ^{particular to c} if one does not use the milk production of an individual cow as a benchmark, but the average milk production per cow, based on to the total number of cattle.

These disadvantages and observed disturbances are probably due to the fact that milk production occurs with Cows by nature are directed towards the feeding and rearing of the calf, humans with π his striving for ever higher milk production, on the other hand, considers the animals to be as long and extensive as possible looking at flowing milk source

The harmful consequences of such on high milk yield stressed animals occur, concentrate in particular on the puerperal phase, that is the time up to 10 weeks after the birth or the onset of lactation. The following harmful consequences are observed:

1. The animals lose weight in a terrifying way and · τ> can lose weight up to 50 kg and more within 30 days.

2. The protein content of milk, which is around 35 g per liter, decreases by up to 15%.

3. The animals reach their peak performance with very vt considerable delay, ie their Lactationskurve is flat. In the end, this accounts for up to 30% of the possible performance within a lactation period.

4. To make matters worse, such high-performance cows suffer from disorders of the sexual functions of the animals and thus fear disorders result, so that they often in the milk production for a whole fertility period fail and thus the average dairy- w> wear declines sharply for a long time

5. They are also much more susceptible to diseases, especially those of the uterus and the ovaries.

The consequence of all these negative phenomena is a b5 increased switch-off rate and ultimately a significantly lower average milk yield when you have all of them Includes animals of a herd in this balance sheet.

One of the main causes of this negative Consequences of the endeavors towards ever higher milk yields are likely to be found in the on The dairy cow required high performance in the puerperal phase because of the physiological change and with regard to the desired high milk production has an increased energy requirement due to puerperal-related However, the cow is often unable to cope with rumen disorders and changes in the pH value Providing appropriate services to take in the necessary amount of concentrate.

The invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages outlined above and the milk yield in qualitative and quantitative terms to improve.

This object is achieved by the use defined in the claim

Even if it has not yet been clarified in detail, what is the startling effect of the invention Procedure, an explanation is likely to be found in the following:

It is well known that only about 30% of this gets with the feed absorbed protein directly into the intestine. 70% are fermented and closed by the rumen bacteria Bacterial protein converted, which as such makes up a very significant part of the protein supply of the For this breakdown and conversion of the protein ingested with the feed, the ruminants need Rumen bacteria, however, get very considerable amounts of energy from the food, especially the one in it the carbohydrate compounds contained. According to a rule of thumb, 100 g Bacterial protein requires approx. 1000 starch units

In the puerperal phase, however, less food is consumed for physiological reasons, so that a There is a considerable deficit of protein if the cow is forced to produce above-average milk yields will. If you wanted to cover this increased protein requirement with additional feed, then that would have to be the case The supply of feed protein should be three times as high due to the above-mentioned ratio of 30 to 70%. at a shortfall of, for example, 250 g of available protein would have to include, for example, 750 g of crude protein be added to the feed. Even by giving food that is particularly rich in protein, this can be avoided Failure to solve the problem because the necessary carbohydrates are again missing. In addition, the three times the amount of feed protein to an increased fermentation and thus to an increased ammonia formation leads in the rumen

However, this amount of ammonia does not become bacterial protein due to the lack of energy described converted, but must also be detoxified in the liver and via the kidneys with the urine are excreted, causing an additional burden on liver and kidney functions and secondary leads to fertility problems

With the invention, namely to use certain additional feed in which the protein compounds are protected against premature degradation in the rumen, nature will and will be the Rumen bacteria are outwitted, so to speak, and the additionally fed raw protein reaches almost all of it undegraded in the intestine. The very high protein requirement in this phase due to the high desired milk yield is covered and there are no protein losses that otherwise inevitably occur in the rumen, rather, there will be an almost complete recovery of the

fed protein and thus saved a considerable amount of feed protein

The advantage of the invention is that with relatively low doses of protected protein the animals are prevented from becoming emaciated and the protein content of the milk and also the milk yield itself does not decrease, but increases. This is particularly important because The realization that the goodness of milk not only depends on its fat content, but also as a whole depends particularly on its protein content. For this for human nutrition and the Closing the protein gap, which is so important to Gi, and the price paid for milk is also increasing Dimensions with determined according to the protein content Of r> a particular advantage is that with relative Such a great effect can be achieved with small amounts of protein.

Since the cows no longer have to compensate for the protein deficiency with endogenous protein, lactation sets in fully and the protein content is up to 15% higher than in undersupplied cows.

However, the use of protected proteins in the invention also reduces fertility disorders and other diseases in high-performance dairy cows largely avoided, because neither how So far there is a protein deficiency, still through increased fermentation and ammonia formation in the rumen The liver is excessively stressed and the entire urea excretion is affected. so

The supplementary feed can additionally contain 10 to 30 percent by weight of mineral mixture the crude protein. This has the advantage that the entire nutrient supply that is in the Puerperal phase is of particular importance, opti- r> times is In addition, the animals accept the supplementary feed more happily because it tastes better Respect is improved. The best is around 20 percent by weight mineral mixture. Mineral mixtures of this type are known per se, so that their composition is not discussed in detail must be and reference can be made to the example.

The supplementary feed can of course also be enriched with vitamins, in particular with -r> B complex vitamins. Due to the lack of energy shown above and the associated Reduction of bacterial protein formation simultaneously decreases the microbial synthesis of B vitamins and thus the vitamin B supply of the ruminant, which w also for the maintenance of the efficiency, the Health and fertility are of great concern

These additional components, to which τ> are known in a known manner, are expedient for the supplementary feed Trace elements are added as a mineral, trace element, vitamin premix attached to the agent has the very considerable advantage for the pet owner that he only has to feed one additional agent at a time and Dosage errors of the individual components to each other bo are largely excluded.

Of course, those protected from degradation in the rumen are of particular importance in the invention Protein compounds too. Some methods are already known to prevent protein compounds from becoming prematurely b5 to protect against degradation in the rumen and thus the protein supply, especially in cattle fattening to enhance. For example, attempts have been made to reduce the protein components in protein-containing feed such as Fish meal and soy shredded by reacting with tanning substances such as tannin before accessing the To protect rumen bacteria or to modify them chemically. Even if these protein compounds are protected in this way are in principle suitable according to the invention, then particularly suitable are those protein compounds, the reaction with short-chain aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of inert, inorganic substances, especially colloidal silica, protected by a surface layer are (see example below). The particular advantage of protein compounds that are protected like this are described in the earlier German patent application P 24 51 509.1, is that the so protected Protein particles in the rumen are not deaminated, but instead reach the abomasum and intestine without being broken down and are broken down and resorbed there by fermentation. As the vast majority of proteins it is protected by the surface layer, but its chemical structure is not changed on the other hand, it is available unimpaired for fermentative degradation and absorption.

As a starting material for the production of the protein compounds come those commonly used Consider sources of protein such as soy meal, fish meal and especially Aikan yeast. It is best to ground two or all three types of protein in the Mixture applied and so the supply of the different types of protein and the corresponding Amino acids optimally designed. In addition, the cows would rather accept such a mixture than, for example Fish meal alone. These raw materials naturally differ somewhat in terms of their raw protein content what must be taken into account when dimensioning the individual components. So contains

Soy meal approx. 420 - 500 g raw protein in 1000 g
Fish meal approx. 700 g of raw protein in 1000 g

Alkane yeast approx. 600 g of crude protein in 1000 g

These protein compounds are converted into the surface-protected form by adding 30 to 50 percent by weight of colloidal silica and solutions of 70 to 50 percent by weight of 30 to 40% strength Formaldehyde solution can be treated over a period of 10 to 30 minutes.

Suitable recipes for a feed additive are described below. The protein compounds are protected from deamination in the rumen in the manner described above.

Of these mixtures, 600 to 1000 g per day and animal are added over a period of 6 to 10 weeks Administered post partum which corresponds to a supply of around 280 to 480 g of crude protein.

Recipe I:

720 kg of fine soy flour

50 per cent
140 kg of fish meal

70%

per 100 kg protein mixture
20 minutes treated with
10 kg of a mixture
40% by weight amorphous silica and 60% by weight formaldehyde solution (30%)

50 kg Na-Mg-Ca-phosphate

30 kg of calcium carbonate

10 kg of magnesium oxide

20 kg swelling starch

20 kg trace element-vitamin premix

Content per kg:

480 g of crude protein

600 g total nutrient

20.8 grams of caictum

173 g of phosphorus

10.0 g of magnesium

14.0 g sodium

496 mg zinc

200 mg of manganese

180 mg of copper

2 mg iodine

2 mg cobalt

500,000 LE.

200 mg

12000 LE

300 mg

4 mg

8 mg

4 mg

5 meg 40 mg 20 mg

100 mg

0.4 mg

100 mg

Recipe 2:

Vitamin A 0-carotene Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin B Vitamin B Vitamin B Vitamin B12 Nicotinic Acid Ca-d-pantothenate Choline chloride folic acid vitamin C.

500 kg of fine soy flour

50% 140 kg fish meal

70% 220 kg alkane yeast

For every 100 kg of protein mixture treated with 10 kg of a mixture for 20 minutes 40% by weight amorphous silica and 60% by weight formaldehyde solution (30%)

50 kg Na-Mg-Ca-phosphate Crude protein mg of vitamin C 30 kg Calcium carbonate Total nutrient 10 kg Magnesium oxide Calcium 20 kg Swelling strength phosphorus 5 20 kg Trace element vitamin premix magnesium Content per kg: sodium 480 g zinc 10 600 g manganese 20.8 g copper 173 g iodine 10, floor cobalt 14.0g L E vitamin A. 15th 496 mg mg ß-carotene 200 mg L E. Vitamin D 3 180 mg mg of vitamin E. 2 mg mg of vitamin B 1 2 (1 2 mg mg of vitamin B 2 500,000 mg vitamin B 6 200 meg vitamin B 12 12000 mg of nicotinic acid 300 mg Ca-d-pantothenate 25th 4th mg of choline chloride 8th 0.4 mg folic acid 4th 100 5 40 JO 20th 100

The exploitation of the invention can be made possible by legal provisions, in particular by the Feed Act, be limited.

Claims (1)

Claim: Use of a supplement made from 150 to 600 g, preferably 200 to 350 g Robprotein in Form of against de_. premature breakdown of protein compounds protected in the rumen per day and animal to common feed for quantitative and qualitative improvement of the milk yield of cows in the puerperal phase. ι ο