DE2542286C3 - Use of a supplementary feed in the puerperal phase of dairy cows - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the use defined in the claim.

With his endeavor, humans have increased through selection of breeding and the administration of concentrated feed To achieve higher and higher milk yields in cows is heavily influenced by the physiological balance of these cows Animals intervened. As a result, it has been possible to increase the milk yield per animal quite considerably. However, it has recently become increasingly evident that high-yielding cows with a daily milk yield of more than 25 kg have reached a limit and have increased In addition, a large number of harmful consequences result from this considerable intervention of the Humans into the physiology of the animal, which in itself only relates to the feeding and rearing of the calf is directed, questions.

Even if the connections and effects of striving for ever higher milk yields have not yet been fully clarified, we now know with some certainty that with such animals subjected to high performance, especially in the puerperal phase, below which the time is up understood approx. 10 weeks after the birth or onset of lactation, the following harmful consequences often occur:

1. The animals lose weight in a terrifying way and can weigh up to 50 kg within 30 days and lose more weight.

2. The protein content of milk, which is around 35 g per liter, decreases by up to 15%.

3. The animals reach their peak performance with full significant delay, d. H. their lactation curve is flat. In the end impact this makes up to 30% of the milk yield possible within a lactation period.

4. To make matters worse, such high-performance cows suffer from disorders of the sexual functions and thus fertility disorders so that they often fail in milk production for an entire fertile period.

5. They are also much more susceptible to diseases, especially those of the uterus and ovaries.

The consequence of all these negative phenomena is an increased slaughter rate and ultimately a significantly lower average milk yield, if all animals of a population are included in this balance.

One of the main reasons for these negative consequences of the efforts towards ever higher milk yields is seen in the fact that the High performance dairy cow in the Puerperal phase per se because of the physiological Changeover and, in view of the high milk yield, has an increased energy requirement. Because of However, the cow is often not susceptible to puerperal rumen disorders and changes in the pH value Able to take in the amount of concentrated feed necessary to provide the corresponding services.

The invention is therefore based on the task of qualitatively and quantitatively these disturbances looks to avoid.

This object is achieved by the use defined in the claim.

Even if it has not yet been clarified in detail, whereupon the surprising effect of the erfindungsge moderate use, it is likely an explanation in the following:

It is well known that only about 30% of the protein ingested with the food reaches the intestine directly. 70% are imbibed by the rumen bacteria and converted to bacterial protein, as such has a very significant share in the ruminant's protein supply. For this breakdown and conversion of the protein ingested with the feed, the rumen bacteria need a considerable amount Amounts of energy obtained from the feed, especially the carbohydrate compounds it contains cover. According to a rule of thumb, approx. 1000 starch units are required for the formation of 100 g of bacterial protein needed.

μ In the puerperal phase, however, less food is consumed for physiological reasons, so that a There is a very considerable deficit of protein when the cow is forced to produce above-average milk yields. If you wanted this elevated egg cover white demand through additional feed, then the supply of feed protein would have to because of the the ratio of 30 to 70% shown above must be three times as high. If there is a shortage of, for example, 250 g of available protein, 750 g of crude protein are added with the feed. Even by giving food that is particularly rich in protein, this problem cannot be solved, because again the necessary carbohydrates are missing. In addition, three times the amount of Feed protein leads to increased fermentation and thus to increased ammonia formation in the rumen leads, this amount of ammonia is not converted into bacterial protein due to the lack of energy described, but must also be converted into detoxified in the liver and excreted in the urine via the kidneys, causing an additional burden on the liver and kidney function and secondary leads to fertility problems.

With the use of certain amounts

Protected protein in this development phase, the effect of this lack of energy is virtually undermined by not reducing the amount of energy as such is increased, which is physiologically not possible. Against it is protected by the feeding This protein is optimally used and the protein deficiency that causes the disorders is thereby raised, su 'let the insufficient formation of bacterial protein caused by the lack of energy be balanced out will.

The further advantage of the use according to the invention is that with relatively low doses of protected protein a thinning of the Animals prevents the protein content of milk and

the milk yield itself does not decrease either. This is of particular importance because The realization that the goodness of milk is not just about its fat content but also about it is becoming more and more popular depends very much on its protein content. For this for human nutrition and Closing the protein gap is such an important reason as the price paid for milk is increasing Dimensions with determined according to the protein content. By using protected proteins according to the The invention also includes fertility disorders and other diseases in high-performance dairy cows largely avoided, as there is neither a protein deficiency as before, nor due to increased Fermentation and ammonia formation in the rumen excessively stresses the liver and the whole Urea excretion is affected.

The supplementary feed can be 10 to 30 percent by weight Mineral mixture, based on the raw protein. Dns has the advantage that the the entire nutrient supply, which is of particular importance in the puerperal phase, is optimal is. In addition, the animals accept the supplementary feed more happily because it tastes better Respect is improved. The best is around 20 percent by weight mineral mixture. ■ Mineral mixtures of this type are known per se, so that on their composition in detail does not have to be entered into.

The supplementary feed can of course be enriched with vitamins, especially with vitamins of the B complex.

Due to the lack of ent the associated reduction in bacterial protein formation at the same time the "robielle synthesis" sinks of B vitamins and thus the vitamin B supply of the ruminant, which is also necessary for the Maintaining performance, health and fertility is of great importance.

These additional components are appropriate to the supplementary feed, to which in a known manner Trace elements are also added as a pre-mix of minerals, trace elements and vitamins. For the pet owner, the agent has the very considerable advantage that he only has one additional agent at a time must feed and dosing errors of the individual components to each other largely excluded are.

Of course, the protein compounds protected from degradation in the rumen are of particular importance. Some methods are already known to protect protein compounds from premature degradation in the rumen and thus to improve the protein supply, especially in cattle fattening. For example, attempts have been made to protect the protein components in protein-containing animal feed such as fish meal and soy meal by reacting them with tanning substances such as tannin, or to modify them chemically. Even if these protein compounds protected in this way are in principle suitable, according to the invention those protein compounds are protected by a surface layer through reaction with short-chain aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of inert, inorganic substances, in particular colloidal silicic acid (see example below), used.

The particular advantage of the protein compounds protected in this way, as they are in the older German patent application P 2451509.1 are described, consists in the fact that the thus protected protein particles in the rumen are not deaminated, but reach the abomasum and intestines undegraded and ferment there be broken down and reabsorbed. Because the vast majority of proteins pass through the surface layer is protected, but not changed in its chemical structure, on the other hand it stands for fermentative degradation and absorption are available unimpaired.

As the starting material for the production of protein compounds, the usually used considered sources of protein such as soy meal, fish meal and especially also Alkane yeasts. It is best to use two or all three types of protein in a mixture and thus the supply optimally designed with the different types of protein and the corresponding amino acids. In addition, the cows would rather accept such a mixture than belspielsu ise fishmeal alone, these starting materials of course differ somewhat in their crude protein content, on which both measurement the individual components must be observed.

So contains:

Soy meal approx. 420-500 g raw protein in 1000 g, Fish meal approx. 70 (> g of raw protein in 1000 g,

Alkane yeast approx. 600 g of crude protein in 1000 g

These protein compounds are converted into the surface-protected form by using 30 to 50 percent by weight of colloidal silica and solutions from 70 to 50 percent by weight of 30 to 40% formaldehyde solution over a period of 10 to 30 minutes.

Below are two suitable formulations for a remedy for milk production disorders, metabolism and fertility in dairy cows in the puerperal phase. The protein compounds are each in the manner described above before deamination protected in the rumen. In the long run, 600 to 1000 g of these mixtures per day and animal are added Administered 6 to 10 weeks post partum, which amounts to around 280 to 480 g of crude protein is equivalent to.

Recipe 1:

720 kg soy fine meal 50% \ per 100 kg 140 kg fish meal 70% /

J g protein

mixture treated for 20 minutes with 10 kg a mixture of 40% by weight amorphous silica and 60% by weight formaldehyde solution (30%).

50 kg Na-Mg-Ca-phosphate

30 kg of calcium carbonate

10 kg of magnesium oxide

20 kg swelling starch

20 kg trace element-vitamin premix

Content per kg:

g crude protein
g total nutrient
20.8 g calcium

7.3 g phosphorus 0.0 g magnesium 4.0 g sodium 96 mg zinc
LOO mg Manganese 80 mg. Copper 2 mg iodine
2 mg cobalt
100,000 i. E. Vitamin A 200 me, / 3-carotene 12,000 i. E. Vitamin O ₃ 300 mg of vitamin E, 4 mg of vitamin B, 8 mg of vitamin B ₂

4 mg vitamin B ₆

5 mcg of vitamin B _n 40 mg of nicotinic acid

20 mg Ca-d-pantothenate i00 mg choline chloride 0.4 mg folic acid 100 mg vitamin C.

Recipe 2:

500 kg soy fine meal 50% ^ per 100 kg protein-140 kg fish meal 70% f mix 20 minutes

treated with 10 kg of a mixture of 40% by weight of amorphous silica u. 60% by weight formaldehyde solution (30%).

I okg magnesium oxide kg swelling starch

kg of trace element-vitamin premix

III

G
220 kg alkane yeast

30th

480

600

20.8

14.0 "

496 mg

200 mg mg mg mg

500 200 000 300

40 20 100 0.4 100

Content per kg:

Crude protein total nutrient calcium phosphorus magnesium sodium zinc Manganese Copper Iodine Cobalt

i. E. Vitamin A mg / 3-carotene

i. E. Vitamin D ₃ mg Vitamin E mg Vitamin B ₁ mg Vitamin B ₂ mg Vitamin B ₆ meg Vitamin B _n mg Nicotinic acid mg Ca-d-pantothenate mg Choline chloride mg Folic acid mg Vitamin C.

50 kg Na-Mg-Ca-phosphate 30 kg calcium carbonate The use of the invention can by legal Regulations, in particular by the Feed Act, be restricted.

Claims (1)

Claim: Use of a supplementary feed that per day and animal 150 to 600 g, preferably 200 to Contains 350 g of crude protein and in which the protein compounds prevent premature degradation in the Rumen is protected by a surface layer by reaction with short-chain aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of inert inorganic substances, in order to remedy faults milk yield, metabolism and fertility of dairy cows in the puerperal phase.