DE2535960A1 - COMBUSTION ENGINE IGNITION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. R. B E ETZ sen. Dipl.-Ing. K. LAMPRECHT Dr.-Ing. R. B E E T Z jr.

65-24.6o8P (24.609H)

8 Munich 22, steinsdorfstr. 10 Tel. (089) 22 7201/227244/29 5910

Telegr. Allpatent Munich Telex 522048

August 12, 197.2

Michael A. V. Ward, Lexington (Mass.) V. St. A.

Internal combustion engine ignition system

The invention relates to an ignition system for internal combustion engines increased efficiency and / or lower exhaust emissions.

The knowledge about air pollution and about the decrease of the oil deposits is reflected in legislation, due to which are no longer aimed at powerful, high-compression machines, but rather small, low-compression ones. As the measure of Air pollution by a motor vehicle is measured in parts per mile or kilometer, ■ can be a smaller, low-compression, one

65- (496 393) -Me-r (8)

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machine burning lean or poorer mixture (i.e. higher Air-fuel ratio) meet the pollution requirements more easily.

On the one hand, it is known that the CO level (carbon monoxide) generated by an internal combustion engine decreases with increasing air-fuel mixture and even falls below the "chemically ideal" ratio of 14.7, and that the decrease is up to A "lean limit ^{11 is} sufficient, ie the limit at which the flame speed drops to zero and at which the air-fuel mixture usually does not ignite. The generation of NO (nitrogen oxides), on the other hand, is heavily dependent on the point in time at which the spark ignites The production of NO in parts per mile jumps from about 1000 to 3000 parts when the ignition timing is advanced over a 20 ° range To reduce nitrogen oxides and also hydrocarbons, the internal combustion engine must therefore be operated with an air-fuel ratio that is at the lean end of the scale, and the mixture must be ignited as close to TDC as possible will. There are essentially two difficulties in fulfilling these conditions: 1. If the mixture is made leaner, it is increasingly difficult to ignite it with the ignition spark, since the ignition spark is a constant external energy source with about 0.1 J energy. Forms sparks, and 2. the resultant decrease in flame speed due to the ignition point near TDC results in a retarded ignition of the mixture and thus both reduced efficiency and increased emission of unburned hydrocarbons through the exhaust (on the other hand, it is known that it

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

both to increase the machine efficiency and to reduce it the exhaust emission is very desirable to ignite a lean mixture in an internal combustion engine and the combustion to maintain)

The so-called CVCC machine has already been developed for this purpose, which uses a pre-ignition chamber and a special carburetor. However, a mechanical change in the cylinder is disadvantageous and the internal combustion engine are necessary.

It is known (cf. US Pat. No. 2,457,973 of January 4, 1949; ionization process and device), how the ionization of a gas mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine can be achieved, namely, by using a radium cell together with a conventional spark plug close to the ignition electrodes and an auxiliary electrode. However, it can easily be concluded that such a device will indeed reduce the ignition potential in the vicinity of the electrode can and possibly increase the life of the spark plug, but does not increase the flame speed, which is why flames that develop spread in air-fuel mixtures below the lean limit.

Another device for generating an electric space charge or ionization in the combustion chamber in reciprocating or turbine internal combustion engines (See US Pat. No. 2,766,582 of October 16, 1956; Generators of electric space charge in internal combustion engines) Generation of an electric space charge in ignitable fuel and air mixtures by electrically charging a dielectric liquid

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fuel before injecting it through a carburetor nozzle or a spray nozzle into the actual combustion chamber. The electrically charged fuel is then evaporated or evaporated in the space of the combustion chamber. A particular disadvantage here is the generation of space charges in the fuel before it is injected into the cylinder. That leads to one complex charge generation process and a complex fuel delivery and injection process into the combustion chamber to generate the charges that were generated in the fuel. To reduce cargo losses avoid, additional isolation devices are necessary.

Another possibility for ignition in an internal combustion engine is an ignition system for internal combustion engines that uses UHF voltages Use ignition (see US Pat. No. 2,617,841 of November 11, 1952, column 1, lines 3 to 4). An internal combustion engine is thus ignited that Radio frequency energy is generated, this energy is applied to a resonator or resonant circuit and the resonator is set to the frequency this energy is coordinated, time-dependent with the movable wall generating an ignition spark to rollover an ignition gap in the circuit at resonance of the resonator (see column 2, lines 43 to 50, and column 3, line 1). The main disadvantages are as follows: 1. Since the If the initial flashover of the air-fuel mixture is to be generated, a high-power, high-frequency source must be used to trigger the ignition can be used in the cylinder, which is why, for practical reasons, a pulse energy peak ignition is necessary in order to achieve the required Being able to bypass energy, therefore, does not necessarily improve flame speed or avoidance of flame extinguishing becomes, due to the short duration of the high frequency energy, to ignition; 2. Energy is coupled to a tuned resonator, in

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

which the resonance changes, which is why precise and complicated timing devices are necessary; 3. extensive changes to the cylinder and the internal combustion engine are necessary; and 4. there the Ignition occurs with decreasing cylinder volume and not with increasing one, many resonator resonance frequencies are passed through, before the desired one is achieved, therefore, considerable effort must be made to ensure that the ignition does not take place in these other, continuous resonance modes.

It is the object of the invention to provide an ignition system which increases the efficiency of an internal combustion engine and its exhaust gas emissions reduced, which can be built into existing internal combustion engines with only minor engine changes that are cheap and easy to manufacture and is to be installed and has low energy consumption in operation, with improved combustion and increased flame speed in the combustion chamber and an improved ignition system holder should be achievable.

The task is in an ignition system for internal combustion engines with a combustion chamber, with a mixing device for a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, and with an ignition device for igniting the mixture, solved according to the invention by an electromagnetic energy source Energy of an operating frequency f in the order of magnitude of the plasma frequency f of a particle type s of charged particles in the

ps

mixed, where:

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with η = density of the particle type s in the mixture,

m = mass of the particle type s in the mixture,

e - electron or elementary charge,

= Dielectric constant of the vacuum, and ο

conducting means for conducting the energy from the energy source to the combustion chamber for at least approx. 1 ms after igniting the mixture in order to convert the energy into charged particles of the particle type s to be coupled into the mixture during its combustion.

The particle type s preferably consists of electrons.

It is advantageous that the energy source of the combustion chamber is essentially continuously supplied continuous wave (CW) energy generated.

It is advantageous if the operating frequency f is a

weighted mean value of the plasma frequency f of the particle type s in the

ps

Initial flame front of the combustible mixture and the plasma frequency f of the particle type s in the fully developed flame front ps

of the combustible mixture and / or if the operating frequency f is a weighted average of the plasma frequency f of the electrons in the flame front of the combustible mixture and the electron-neutral particle collision frequency is in the flame front of the combustible mixture.

According to a particular development, the ignition system contains an energy source of electromagnetic high-frequency energy, with high-

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frequency energy an energy with a frequency between approx.

r -ίο

10 Hz and approx. 10 Hz, a generator for generating or a A source of essentially DC voltage (i.e. a voltage with a frequency - <S: 10 Hz), and a conductor means for conducting it High-frequency energy and the DC voltage to the combustion chamber in order to prepare the air-fuel mixture for combustion Ignite the mixture and increase the combustion reactions.

According to another refinement, it is advantageous that in an internal combustion engine with η combustion chambers, with η = integer> -0, for the combustion of an air-fuel mixture, the ignition device comprises: one spark plug for each combustion chamber for igniting the air-fuel mixture in each combustion chamber, and a source of substantially DC voltage; and the energy source and the conducting means for generating and conducting energy at the operating frequency f comprise: a high-frequency generator for generating electromagnetic energy of a frequency between

6 12

approx. 10 Hz and approx. 10 Hz, a high-frequency coupling element that with is electrically connected to the high-frequency generator for coupling the high frequency energy in the burning air-fuel mixture plasma in each combustion chamber, and a manifold that comes with the DC voltage source, the high-frequency generator, the spark plugs and the high-frequency coupling element is connected to the controlled Distribute the DC voltage and the high-frequency energy to the spark plugs or the high-frequency coupling elements at a certain time Series.

The (ignition) distributor can be designed in different ways. According to

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In one embodiment, it is advantageous that the distributor contains: a DC voltage distributor with η additional electrical conductors for successive connection to the distributor finger, a connected control unit for receiving timing signals as input signals from each of the auxiliary conductors, and a distributor for distributing the radio frequency energy to the associated section of the high-frequency coupling element for their transmission to the associated combustion chamber depending on the supplied by the additional conductors Input signals

According to another embodiment, it is advantageous that the distributor contains: a coaxial transmission line with an El section, which has an inlet end and an outlet end, and which is rotatable about the axis of the E1 section with the inlet end and with the connection on the one hand to receive both the DC voltage and the high-frequency energy from connections provided along the axis of rotation and on the other hand, successively distributing the DC voltage and the radio frequency energy along the rotational path of the outlet end on the ladder device, and a rotary drive for rotating the El section as a function of time from the operation of the internal combustion engine.

Advantageously, according to the invention, a housing which is internally divided into η spaces is provided (for use in an internal combustion engine with η combustion chambers) and a rotor or distributor finger, which is arranged in the housing and has a section which is consecutive when it rotates through each of the rooms, time-dependent with the operation of the internal combustion engine, and the electric is connected to a DC voltage source. Every room of the

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housing contains a high-frequency energy source, a coaxial conductor for conducting both the direct voltage and the high-frequency energy to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a conductor device a connection point for coupling the high-frequency energy source to the coaxial conductor, which contains DC voltage blocking elements, which electrically connects the distributor finger to the inner conductor of the coaxial conductor, an actuator for actuating or Excitation of the high-frequency energy source with a certain orientation of the distributor finger in relation to the housing, and high-frequency energy filter in the electrically conductive connection between the high-frequency energy source and the distributor finger.

According to the invention, the operation of an internal combustion engine achieved in that an air-fuel mixture is fed to the combustion chamber repeatedly, step by step, for each combustion chamber The fuel component contains a fuel with a permanent or permanent electrical dipole moment with resonances in the high frequency range, the mixture is compressed, the mixture is coupled with high-frequency energy at frequencies that contain at least one of the resonances, the compressed mixture is ignited and the combustion products are expelled from the combustion chamber. Preferably contains the fuel content is methanol and coupling is continued during all of the steps mentioned.

The invention thus allows an increase in the efficiency and

a reduction in exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines, in which essentially high frequency energy (i.e. 10 to 10 Hz) is generated and fed into a burning air-fuel mixture plasma.

3/0409

2b3b96ü

is coupled or supplied, preferably at a plasma frequency, in order to improve both the pre-burning setting of the mixture and the burning reactions.

The invention is based on the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing explained in more detail. Show it:

1 to 7 schematically show different types of spark plugs for use in the invention to generate both an ignition spark and high frequency energy in the air-fuel mixture to couple,

Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention in a Four-cylinder internal combustion engine,

FIG. 9 shows in detail the distributor 25 according to FIG. 8,

FIG. 10 shows in detail and schematically the control unit 21 according to FIG Fig. 8,

Fig. 11A schematically and enlarged an embodiment of the distributor for supplying both the high-frequency energy as well as the direct voltage energy according to the invention,

11B shows the section 11B-11B according to FIG. HA,

FIG. 12 enlarges a capacitively charged section according to FIG transmission line used as a high-frequency filter of the invention,

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

2b3S96U

13 is a partially schematic and enlarged view of a spark plug for supplying high frequency energy directly to the spark plug the DC voltage cable of the internal combustion engine,

14 shows another embodiment of the invention for coupling the high frequency energy in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which has an inlet or passage separated from the one for the spark plug,

15 shows, partially schematically, a further exemplary embodiment of FIG Invention in which biasing members (e.g. a DC blocking member) or coaxial switches no longer exist are necessary

Fig. 16 shows, partially schematically, another embodiment of the invention which does not have any biasing elements or coaxial switches required and which contains the high frequency source compactly,

17 shows, partially schematically, a probe capsule member according to the invention ,

Fig. 18, in partial section and top view, a solid-state high-frequency control and high frequency energy distribution member according to the invention,

19 schematically shows a magnetron radio frequency power generator for use in the invention, with a directly connected to the Magnetron coupled coaxial cable,

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20 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, which means that an ignition distributor is no longer necessary.

In accordance with the invention, radio frequency electromagnetic energy (often referred to as RF energy) between about 10 and about 10 Hz is preferred in the order of 10 watts continuous (CW) -Lei-

1 3

power level (i.e. from 10 to 10 watts), into the engine cylinder of a conventional internal combustion engine, either through the spark plug itself or coupled near the spark plug tip, and such an operation does not require any mechanical changes to the internal combustion engine except for minor changes in the structure of the (ignition) distributor and the connecting lines connected to it.

The energy is preferably generated by magnetrons or microwave solid-state generators generated in the microwave range of the spectrum, although other high-power high-frequency sources such as Wanderoder Running shaft tubes or devices with crossed fields or power klystrons can be used. In the lower frequency range (1 to 500 MHz) the usual tube oscillator can be used. This is not discussed in more detail, since the main focus is on the microwave range of the high-frequency spectrum, but can Obvious low-frequency devices replace cavity devices (e.g. magnetrons) or solid-state generators, when low frequency operation is preferable, and the replacement is made without changing any circuit construction except such Cases where the specific shape or size of the microwave source forms an essential part or element of a circuit structure. It goes without saying that at least two

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ORIGINAL INSPS) TED

different facilities at different frequencies (e.g. 30 MHz and 3 GHz) and possibly under different operating conditions (pulse or continuous wave (CW) operation) for further improvement Burning possible under certain circumstances according to the invention.

The microwave energy source can move with the mechanical movement the distributor finger shaft cooperate and can the Get timing information from there. The microwave energy is in turn coupled into each combustion chamber for a time interval that contains the time at which this combustion chamber is ignited, or for a time interval before, after or before and after the ignition time, at which the combustion chamber is ignited by the spark at the spark plug tip. The presence of microwave energy at or near the Spark plug tip changes the voltage required to ignite. It may even be possible to avoid the spark entirely by using it from microwave sources in pulse mode, and by running the spark plug tip in such a way that it receives both microwave energy effectively supplies the air-fuel mixture plasma as a whole, as well as high electric fields in a narrow area of the Spark plug tip generated. In such an operation, however, the (ignition) distributor or similar devices, such as a harmonic equalizer, a camshaft or a crankshaft, essentially as timing devices for controlling or triggering ("triggering") the Microwave generator in both high power pulse mode and Duration of line mode at the moment in which the spark occurs. The invention deals essentially with the coupling of continuous wave (CW) microwave energy into a burning mixture-plasma. For a better understanding of the effects that the invention has in a combustible resp.

809809/0 409
ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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burning air-fuel mixture plasma, is im The following briefly discussed the mutual influence of high-frequency fields and plasma particles.

When there is a constant potential between two electrodes, electrical forces act to dissociate, excite and ionize of the atoms and molecules of a gas between the electrons, as well as to accelerate any charged particle present. The gas passes through various excitation states with increasing voltage, in particular Townsend discharge, corona, normal glow and arcing. The occurrence of these conditions is summarized under the term "breakdown". Hence it is said that electric fields Causing gas breakdowns and sustaining them by accelerating of ions and electrons that interact with atoms and molecules to dissociate, excite and ionize the gas. The break-through field E, as a function of the pressure (Paschen curve) has a minimum that is weakly dependent on various parameters, including the frequency. But for the circumstances prevailing here (pressure ρ> ■ 100 Torr), E takes along essentially linearly to the pressure, d. H. it is roughly

E _fa (V / cm) = 30 ρ (Torr),

which is an E of about 22.5 kV / mm (about 20 kV / 35 mils) at one press from 10 to 15 atmospheres. According to the invention, however, the microwave energy is used both to improve the flashover also used to increase the speed of the phenomenon associated with the resulting rollover, in particular

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the spread of the flame front. Therefore, in the following, the advantage of high frequency over electrical direct energy is pointed out briefly discussed (using the term "equal" low frequencies f that meet the condition f <$ 10 Hz).

GC ClC

When the frequency of the electric field is increased, it initially occurs no unexpected change in the properties of the discharge. However, it becomes a critical frequency f. achieved at which the ions no longer have time to drift to the cathode and get lost there, but instead oscillate continuously in the gap and thereby dissociate, Induce excitation and ionization. This type of breakdown is called "mobility controlled". After another If the frequency is increased, a frequency f is reached at which the electrons are no longer lost on the wall. This kind of Breakdown is referred to as "diffusion-controlled" and is used according to the invention to control the electron-field effect, although the mean free path of electrons as a result of collisions with Neutral particles is further reduced. As is well known, the concentration is now of ions and electrons in combustion mixtures at atmospheric pressure about 10 charged particles / cm ^ (cf. G. Wortberg; 1965; 10th Int. Symp. Combust .; P. 651) and changes with the composition of fuel. Furthermore, the mole fraction of ions is practically independent of pressure (cf. J. Lawton and F. J. Weinberg; 1969; Electrical Aspects of Combustion; P. 215). The electron and ion plasma frequencies associated with these charge densities lie In the microwave or VHF frequency range, the electron-neutral particle collision frequency lies in the microwave range. The plasma frequency f of a charged particle type s is defined as

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ORfGlNAL INSPECTED

253-596

2 η e

f = - -
ps 2 //

with ns, ms = particle type density or mass, e = electron or Elementary charge, £. = Dielectric constant of the vacuum. Additionally the plasma and the collision or shock frequency decrease near the flame front with a weak slope. If the spark once causes the initial flashover, the microwave energy penetrates the electron density profile, the penetration depth depending on the operating frequency, the plasma frequency and the collision frequency. At the When the wave penetrates, the electrons are accelerated and in turn collide with the neutral particles and the burning mixture-plasma gives a large down Q. (large, low Q), with the microwave energy charged, where Q of a system can be defined as:

2 Ti f (energy stored in the system on average over time) Energy loss per second in the system

with f = frequency of the microwaves. If namely an electrically short cylindrical probe (e.g. probe 10 of Figure 5) is used to couple the microwave energy into the plasma, it "sees" one or is due to an input impedance Z.,

z. 4th

in jf ²

² ι ■ ^{Ven 1}

with f, ν = electron pias ma or collision frequency, j = - 1. In this way, microwave energy is coupled into the burning or combustible mixture plasma and helps to maintain the

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Combustion of a lean mixture and increases the flame speed. An initial flame front can be represented, which would normally go out or cool down, but by means of the microwave energy that penetrates into the plasma that is related to the flame front and is firmly attached to it, and the accelerates the electrons, which in turn collide with the combustible molecules and excites (both electronic and mechanical) and cause dissociation, resulting in further exothermic combustion reactions result. The best "effect is achieved when high-frequency power is close to the frequency that is approximately the peak electron-plasma frequency corresponds to, is coupled into the plasma at the flame front. This peak value changes between the, the, the burning initial mixture and that of the fully developed flame front is equivalent to. By choosing the operating frequency so that it corresponds to the electron plasma frequency between these two extreme values, however, is closer to the lower-frequency initial plasma, the most favorable increase in combustion can be expected to be achieved. On average, this frequency corresponds to a value roughly in the middle of the electron-plasma frequency profile, where the flame increase is desirable. Finally, the combustion process can be increased if vibrational, rotational or other resonances of the petroleum molecules can be excited directly by the microwave energy by operating the microwave source at the corresponding molecular resonances Frequencies. Most petroleum molecules are not polarized and do not show microwave resonances. Alternative or alternative fuels, like methanol, but have a permanent electrical dipole moment and show many resonances in the microwave range. Furthermore methanol is a much cheaper fuel than gasoline

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

2535GBÜ

and behaves in the form of a gasoline-methanol mixture like the more expensive one pure gasoline. In this way, by exciting a gasoline-methanol mixture With microwave energy the flashover of the fuel mixture can be increased and its combustion properties can be increased be improved.

As stated earlier, the presence of microwave energy improves at or near the spark plug tip the properties of the (ignition) spark. When the component of microwave energy at the Spark plug tip as a "non-resonance component" and the one in the main volume of the cylinder is referred to as the "resonance component", the resonance component depends on the coupling efficiency of the loop or probe into the burning mixture plasma.

The spark is generated or triggered when the contact or breaker shows open and a voltage of the order of magnitude 10 kV is placed across the spark plug gap. This is known as the capacitive component of the spark; it is very short-term and responsible for the breakdown of the mixture and triggers combustion in a well-distributed mixture with an ignitable air-fuel ratio the end. The capacitive component is followed by an inductive component, which lasts for about 20 of the crankshaft rotation and which is characterized is due to a reduced voltage of about 1 kV and the appearance of a current through which the usually visible Spark arises. This inductive component contains most of the energy in the spark and is important when igniting a damp one cold mixture or a lean mixture.

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

- iv -

It is now assumed that the non-resonance component of the microwave energy has large, inhomogeneous, temporally variant field gradients generated at the spark plug tip, which causes a corona discharge, which is characterized by radiation-like ionization at the spark plug tip is. These rays reduce the breakdown (or flashover) voltage, what is related to the capacitive component of the spark, and the resulting drop in the peak voltage required to initiate combustion facilitates design and manufacture of circuit arrangements that are necessary to isolate or disconnect the high secondary voltage from the high-frequency source. By suitable selection of the ignition gap size and shape, the operating mode the microwave source and the frequency, the energy content and the energy density of the inductive component can also be increased, which results in a more efficient and cleaner operation through improved combustion of moist cold mixtures and - more importantly through Improved combustion of lean mixtures results because the most efficient operation of internal combustion engines is known to be at an air-fuel ratio from around 17 occurs. If power microwave sources are used in the moderate power pulse module (however with large pulse widths), the high-power high-voltage fields can also be maintained over a few degrees of crankshaft rotation compared to the very short-lived high-voltage capacitive component of the DC voltage spark, which is why the breakdown fields are maintained for a considerably longer time can. This factor is multiplied further, since it is an essential one greater total spark energy can be supplied with the microwave source, z. B. 1 J / spark instead of 0.1 J / spark.

In Figs. 1-7 are several different spark plug tips

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shown, according to the invention both for generating the ignition spark as well as for introducing the microwave energy into each combustion chamber. In general there are two main procedures used to couple high frequency energy into the plasma in the cylinder, namely loop coupling and probe, antenna or pin coupling. Figures 1-4 show multiple loop couplings, while Figures 5-7 show multiple probe couplings. In Fig. 1 is an engine cylinder head 1 shown with a conventional spark plug opening with thread to accommodate the outer housing or shell 2 of the spark plug. The inner or middle conductor 3 is from the jacket 2 separated by a space which is partially filled with an insulating material 4, such as ceramic. The loop part or loop 5 is one Continuation of the outer conductor or sheath 2 and forms an air gap between the tip 7 of the inner conductor 3 and the tip 6 of the loop 5. The gap between tips 6 and 7 shows the large electrical ones Field gradients created by the DC voltage and microwave energy igniting the air-fuel mixture and the loop 5 couples the microwave energy into the burning mixture plasma to increase the combustion.

Figures 2 and 3 are similar to Figure 1 and have similar components on, namely the threaded jacket 2 a, 2b of the spark plug, the inner conductor 3a, 3b, the insulating material 4a, 4b. However, there are differences in the form between the tips 6 and 7 according to FIG. 1, the tips 7a, 8 according to FIG. 2 and the tips 6a and 7b according to FIG. 3. According to FIG. 2, the tip 8 of the loop 5a is point-shaped or pointed tapering, while according to FIG. 3, the tip 7b of the inner conductor 3b is punctiform. This arrangement can be used for lower ignition

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DC voltages by providing a greater charge concentration at the point-like tips, creating a corona discharge at lower levels Voltage is induced.

FIG. 4 is similar to FIGS. 1 to 3 and has corresponding ones Components 2c, 3c, 4c, but the ignition gap is at the lower end of the Loop 5c, since the arrangement of the ignition gap along the loop is insignificant is. Of course, the cross-section of the inner and outer conductors can be round, as is the case with conventional, available spark plugs or any other suitable form.

5 to 7 show spark plugs with pin or probe coupling, in which the inner or middle conductor 3d, 3e or 3f of Fig. 5, 6 and 7 are each separated from their outer conductor 2d, 2e or 2f by a partially covered with an insulating material 4d, 4e or 4f. filled space. FIGS. 5 to 7 are essentially the same, with the exception that, in FIG. 6, the tip 12 of the outer conductor 2e is punctiform or is tapered, while in Fig. 7 the point-shaped tip 13 is integrally connected to the central conductor 3f. The probe part 10, 10 a, 10 b of the spark plug according to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 couples microwave energy into the mixed plasma, while the spark in the gap between the tip 11, 12 or 11a of FIGS. 5, 6 or 7 and the Center conductor 3b, 3e or 3f occurs. According to FIGS. 2, 3, 6 and 7 the DC ignition is supported by the high frequency, which is concentrated at the point-like tips; it can also be used with pulsed microwave energy to generate high power microwave energy both to ignite the mixture and to maintain existing combustion and to increase the flame speed

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to provide. In all cases the best shape and size will be the Coupling loop or coupling probe determined by factors such as the frequency of the microwave energy, the required degree of coupling of the energy into the Plasma and required field strength at the spark plug tip (i.e. the ratio of the resonance to the non-resonance component of the microwave energy). These factors can easily be determined using conventional electrical measurement technology.

The spark plugs according to FIGS. 1 to 7 can be installed in spark-ignited internal combustion engines, including those that are less common are such as rotary machine, "Rotary V machine, CVCC machine and other. In the case of the CVCC machine or the CVCC engine, which has two spark plugs per cylinder, it is preferable to supply the high frequency energy through the spark plug to the pre-combustion chamber is assigned because it contains the primarily ignitable richer mixture. In the case of diesel machines or engines, the microwave energy be supplied via a glow plug which has the shape of a loop as in FIG. 4, but without the ignition gap 14. In this case, the timing of the microwave source is linked to the injection or injection time of the fuel into the cylinder.

In Fig. 8 is a high frequency power oscillator or generator 17, which can be of conventional design (e.g. from G & E. Bradley Ltd., oscillator types 420 to 439; Engelmann Microwave Co., Types of the CC-12, -24 series, and others that can be used in connection with e.g. the solid-state high-power amplifier series PA or CA of the Microwave Power Devices Ine.). Lots of cheap microwave sources including those of solid-state construction in the size

6 09809/0

On the order of 100 watts of continuous wave (CW) power are commercially available and are developed. Usually a solid state power oscillator is needed an operating DC voltage of 12 to 45 V, supplied by a battery 15 when starting or switching on will. A vehicle power generator 16 connected to the battery 15 and connected to a control box or control unit 21 is, supplies the DC voltage when the machine or the motor is running. A remotely operated or remotely controlled single pole quadruple changeover (lP4T) coaxial relay switch 24 is coupled to the microwave generator via a coaxial cable 18 (where for an n-cylinder machine a single-pole n-slot changer (IPnT) or several in cascade Switching elements are used). If more than one high frequency source is used, the number of switches used is each switch associated supply lines reduced. Of course, no switching elements are needed if there is a high frequency source per cylinder is used, as will be explained in more detail below. Furthermore, no switching element is required for single-chamber machines such as the single-cylinder rotary piston machine (Wankel system). The control unit 21 is connected to the microwave generator 17 for controlling the timing for supplying the microwave energy to the various cylinders. The control unit 21 is explained in detail with reference to FIG. 10. An (ignition) distributor 25, which is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 9, gives the timing before the DC electric power is introduced into each cylinder. Coaxial cable 18 a electrically connect the remote control Coaxial switching element 24 with spark plugs 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 and 22.4, which can be of one of the types explained in FIGS. 1-7. They are used to supply the microwave energy from the microwave generator 17 via the coaxial switch 24 to each cylinder.

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

High-voltage coupling or blocking blocks or elements 20.1 to 20.4 are in the coaxial lines or cables 18 a between the coaxial switching element 24 and the spark plugs 22.1 - 22.4 are provided to ensure that no high voltage hits the microwave power generator can achieve, but that the microwave energy can propagate with little reflection. The distributor 25, the high DC voltage Distributed over each cylinder, is connected to the spark plugs 22.1-22.4 via coaxial lines or cables 18a. High frequency power filter 19.1 - 19.4 are provided in the coaxial cables 18a between the distributor 25 and the spark plugs 22.1 - 22.4, to ensure that no high frequency power can reach the distributor 25 and the surrounding area and are designed without breakdown or rollover.

8 and 9 show a complete working cycle when igniting a cylinder (in this case the one with the third spark plug 2.3 provided - not shown - cylinder). When the distributor rotor or finger 25.1 rotates to the right, a first actuates Adjuster or a first actuator 25.3, the switching element 26.3 and operates both the power oscillator or microwave generator 17 and the coaxial switching element 24 by the (explained in more detail later) Control unit 21 to supply microwave power to spark plug 22.3, which is arranged in an opening in the third cylinder. The low-pass filter 19.3 prevents high-frequency energy from reaching the distributor can get. After a precisely specified rotation by θ des Distribution finger 25.1 opens a distribution member (not shown). The high DC voltage connection 25.2 of the secondary winding of the ignition coil (not shown) is aligned to a connection 23.3 so that the

B (J 98 U'J / 0 U 0 9

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

2635960

High DC voltage is fed to the spark plug 22.3. A paddock or Blocking capacitor or a coupling or blocking element 20.3 protects the oscillator or generator 17 from the high DC voltage. To a further rotation by θ of the distributor finger 25.1 switches on second actuator 25.4, the switching element 26.3 and the generator 17, and the ignition of the spark plug connected to the third cylinder 22.3 has ended. The actuators 25.3, 25.4 and the switching elements 26.1 to 26.4 can be of any type, such as B. magnetic reed switches, optically operated switching elements, etc.

A detailed explanation will be given with reference to Figs. 8, 9 and Fig. 10 given to the control unit 21 and its operation. When the first actuator 25.3 actuates the switching element 26.3 (which is a magnetic Reed switch with normally open contact), a voltage is proportional to R / (R + R), with R, R, R = resistance values of

L * 3. C * X, £ t ό

Resistors R, R, R, applied to a switching element 21.1 (which can be a thyratron switching element, a Kytron, a controllable semiconductor (SCR) or another high-performance, high-speed switching element, such as a DC voltage-controlled solid-state relay from Hamlin, type 700, that can switch 25 A and several kW in 1 ms). When the switching element 21.1 closes, direct power is fed to the power generator 17 in order to operate it. At substantially the same time, a voltage proportional to R / (R + R ₀ ) is applied to terminal 24.3 of high-speed coaxial switch 24 and its output is connected to input coaxial terminal 24.5 so that microwave power is fed through switch 24 to corresponding spark plug 22.3 (Fig. 8) is passed or transmitted. If the switching element 26.3 is de-energized or switched off, the

Voltage from switching element 21.1 and from the coaxial switching element 24 removed.

The circuit arrangement according to FIG. 10 requires the use of remote-controlled coaxial switching elements which are resistant to high voltages. Simpler ones Circuit arrangements that require lower voltages and require a simpler structure are considered in the following however, require varying degrees of mechanical modifications to the machine.

The first embodiment is a specially developed distributor, which eliminates the need for a high-speed, high-performance coaxial switch. FIGS. HA and HB show a modified distributor 52, which transmits the high frequency energy to each spark plug in the same way as the high DC voltage.

Both the high DC voltage and the microwave power are transmitted along the coaxial cable 52.1 to the specially designed finger 53, which is similar to the El section of a transmission line. The rotor or finger 53 is connected to the rotor or finger shaft 44 and rotates with it. The DC voltage and the high frequency power are transferred to the spark plug or spark plug tip (not shown) which is one of those explained with reference to FIGS. 1-7 when the finger end 55 is aligned with one of the conductors 54.1-54.4. The time interval during which the radio frequency energy is to Is made available (z. B. the conductor 54.4 according to FIG. HA) is controlled by connecting the finger shaft 44 to the finger 53 by means of an eccentrically rotating mechanical connector 53.1 so that finger end 55 for a few degrees of finger rotation from that

ÖU9ÖÜ9 / ÜA09

253596Ü

End of the coaxial cable 54.4 stationary or stationary or this may be relatively slow moving compared to. It can also be a conventional or a modification of a conventional hand-rotatable Coaxial switching element can be used with the manifold 25 and concentrically connected to the finger shaft 44 to carry the microwave energy one after the other to each cylinder at the same time with the DC voltage sf unk en.

Referring to Figure 12, there is a means for achieving DC isolation or separation of the high frequency source 17 and high frequency isolation or separation of the distributor 25. This facility can be used for each low-pass filter 19.1-19.4 and each high-voltage blocking element 20.1-20.4 according to FIG. 8, while the distributor 52 according to FIG. 11 for the distributor 25 according to FIG Fig. 8 can be used. Microwave energy is loop-coupled via a loop 27 a (or by replacing the loop 27 a probe-coupled by a probe (not shown) to a spark plug (not shown) and thereby provides the isolation of the microwave source 17 on the hot or live side 28.1 of the from the distributor 52 coming high DC voltage safe. On the distribution side the high frequency DC voltage connection is a filter 28.2 is provided to prevent high frequency energy from reaching the distributor 52 and the surrounding area. The establishment according to Fig. 12, namely a capacitively charged section of a transmission line (transmission line 28.2) is used as a high frequency filter. Such a periodic structure exhibits a band-pass-band-stop characteristic and is intended for operation in the middle of a stop range and therefore to filter out the microwave energy traveling to the manifold.

B 0 y 8 U 'J /. U 0 9

2S35960

13 shows a spark plug 29 which has the high-frequency filter effect and the DC voltage choke of the aforementioned device combined with the spark plug, the DC voltage and applying radio frequency energy to the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. This spark plug 29 contains a high-frequency filter 29.2 as Part of their construction. This high-frequency filter 29.2 can be one of many available (for example the high-frequency filter 28.2 according to FIG Fig. 12) and prevents microwave energy from reaching the manifold 52 and the environment. In addition, by setting the distance between the coupling loop 27 b and the spark plug tip 14 a, the coupling of the microwave energy to the spark plug tip 14 a is controlled will. Instead of the loop 27b, as already explained, a probe coupling arrangement can be used. If a direct connection is made to the "hot" side of the inner conductor 3 g is, of course, a DC blocking capacitor between the cable or the line 29.1 and the (in Fig. 13 not shown) microwave source 17 be arranged. Indoor DC voltage blocking or coupling coaxial connectors are commercially available, use capacities in series with the center conductor, show low Ripple factor (VSWR) in the microwave frequency range, as the reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency, and can be operated at a maximum voltage of around 1 kV. By using in particular high dielectric strength dielectrics (such as dielectrics available under the trade name Teflon (PTFE) or Mica) and with minor design changes, the DC blocking or coupling coaxial connector can operate at higher voltages are executed.

609809/0409

FIG. 14 shows another possibility, different therefrom, for introducing the microwave energy into the combustion chamber, i. H. the Coupling of the high-frequency energy through an opening next to the spark plug opening instead of via the spark plug itself. As such an arrangement means that high-frequency energy is not directly at the spark plug tip is available, DC blocking elements can advantageously be omitted. It is merely, as already mentioned, both a Coaxial switching element necessary, as well as a time control device, such as shown in Fig. 11 for machines using manifolds. For diesel engines that do not use glow plugs, it is essential to introduce the high frequency energy as shown in FIG.

In Fig. 14 there are two threaded openings or bores at the top of the cylinder head 1 a of a spark-ignited machine is provided. One opening takes a conventional spark plug 100 for direct voltage ignition of the air-fuel mixture. This conventional spark plug 100 has common components, such as an outer shell 2h, an inner conductor 3h and an insulating material 4h. The other opening receives a high frequency loop coupling plug 30 for coupling the high frequency energy into the combustible mixture plasma. The high frequency loop coupling plug 30 consists of a partially threaded outer conductive jacket or conductor 18 d from an inner conductor 18 which is separated from the outer conductor 18 d by an insulating material 18 abc. A loop 18x 'of conductive Material connects the outer conductor 18 d and the inner conductor 18 and is used to couple the high-frequency microwave energy into the burning plasma in the cylinder. Of course, a probe coupler can also be used instead of the loop 18χ '.

609809/0409

A further simplification can be made by using the small dimensions solid state microwave devices can be achieved using embodiments that meet the need for Avoid DC blocking elements (39, FIG. 17) or coaxial switching elements (24, FIG. 8).

Such a structure is shown in FIG. A small piece of metal 31 is attached to the cylinder head 1b instead of the spark plug, while the spark plug 101 itself is attached to the metal piece 31 as shown. A solid state microwave generator 32 is contained in the metal piece 31 and can be attached to a heat sink and cooling fins (not shown) to keep its temperature to be kept within nominal values. The solid-state microwave generator 32 receives its time control and its energy via feed lines 34 connected to the distributor or another time control device are connected. The microwave energy is in a cavity in the metal piece 31 by a loop 102 or a corresponding Probe coupled. The spark plug 101 and the engine cylinder are also connected to the cavity 35. A fuel injector 33 shown in broken lines can optionally be attached to the metal piece 31 be provided. A high frequency filter 36 is provided above the spark plug 101 to prevent high frequency energy from passing through the spark plug 101 coupled and transmitted through the coaxial cable (not shown) connected to the spark plug 101. The alignment the spark plug 101 and the solid-state microwave generator 32 opposite the cavity 35, which are here in a vertical or horizontal direction Location is arbitrary. The arrangement according to FIG. 15 is advantageously compact and arranges the through the combination of the

B (J 9HO Η /,) /, Q 9

Solid-state microwave generator 32 and the coupling device, namely of the coupling loop 102, high frequency energy introduced near the tip of the spark plug 101.

Another facility that the small size of the solid state microwave generator is shown in FIG. This device 37 is similar to that according to FIG. 17, but has no threaded opening for the spark plug 101, since it is itself a special development of a spark plug. It establishes the direct voltage spark connection on side 38 over the middle conductor 3 j. A high-frequency filter 36 a is again required, so that high-frequency energy cannot migrate to the distributor and the surrounding area. The solid-state microwave generator 32 a is provided at the top of the device and is intended for the effective coupling of high frequency energy into the spark plug or plug transmission line 2j / 3j to the candle tip 14d via high-frequency coupling loops 105 and 106, respectively. Again, a heat sink and cooling fins can be used with the solid state microwave generator 32a can be used. The coupling loops 105 and 106 shown in FIG. 16 are only one example of the possibilities for coupling the high-frequency energy into the coaxial transmission line, which passes through the center conductor 3 j and the guide walls or outer conductors 2 j is formed, it also being possible to use a probe coupling. An example of such a device is shown in FIG. Here, too, is the alignment or arrangement of the solid-state microwave generator 32 a and the cable 38 as desired.

16 to the end of the cylinder head 1 c Extending insulating material end at any point along the device 37 so as to create an air cavity similar to the cavity 35 according to FIG

ü ü ¹ J ;.: Ü G /: ■ '.- 0 3

2 b 3 b 9 6 O

Fig. 15 to form. 17 shows a probe coupling between the solid-state microwave generator 32b and the center conductor 3k. at At the high microwave frequencies, the series or series reactance generated by the gap 39 is low. The high frequency energy will then transmitted via the transmission line 2k - 3k and is at the (not shown) candle or plug tip (such as 14b, Fig. 16) are available. The solid-state microwave generator 32b is a microwave power oscillator, and via a conductor 38d is supplied with the high DC voltage.

Another design option, which uses the small dimensions of the solid-state microwave generator, is shown in FIG. 18, which again shows an ignition system for use on a four cylinder engine. A cylinder container or case 40 is one Further development of a distributor and, in addition to its usual functions, acts as a source and control of the microwave energy. Of the Container 40 is divided into four squares, each of which has a solid-state microwave generator 32c which, as shown, is connected to the associated spark plug wire 18b. The solid-state microwave generator 32 c is shown as a probe-coupled via a DC voltage coupling or blocking element 41, but it can also be a Loop coupling to the coaxial cable 18b can be provided. The distributor finger 25.1a acts in the same way as explained with reference to FIG. 11. The high-frequency filter 28.2a is similar to that explained with reference to FIG. The solid-state microwave generator 32 c receives its timing information or instruction via the switching element 26.3a and the finger 25.1a, which act as explained in FIG. The solid-state microwave generator 32c gets its energy (power) from a

b 0 'J ο Ü U / L · : -> 0 9

2b359B0

Arrangement of battery and (alternating current) generator (15, 16 according to FIG Fig. 8) via leads 34c.

In addition to the solid-state microwave generator 32c, a magnetron high-frequency source can also be operated in such a way that it is advantageous their dimensions and their cylindrical shape is used. Like the distributor, the magnetron is cylindrical and has rotational symmetry and can be connected or linked both mechanically and electrically to the distributor and the finger shaft.

In Fig. 19 is a possibility for direct coupling of the high voltage cable 18c to a magnetron cavity 43.4 of a magnetron 43 is shown. This enables both a very effective Coupling of the microwave energy into the cable 18 as well as avoiding an otherwise necessary DC voltage blocking element for Protect the high-frequency source, which is the magnetron 43 here. Such a coupling arrangement can always be used when a magnetron is used as a microwave source. A high frequency filter 36b is provided to prevent high frequency energy from entering the manifold and the surrounding area. The cable 18c carries both the DC voltage and the high-frequency energy to a (not shown) spark plug or spark plug tip, such. B. in Fig. To 7 shown.

As stated, the microwave source (and the (ignition) coil) get their timing information or instruction from each part that is mechanical and synchronous with the crankshaft (not shown) connected, e.g. the camshaft, the harmonic balancer etc.

B ü 9 S 0 9 / ΰ 4 0 9

2 5 3 5 9 3 above

One possibility which uses this principle and makes a distributor unnecessary is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, each cylinder has its own special or special coil 56, although the number of coils can be reduced by introducing switching elements for high DC voltage and high frequency, such as switching elements 24 according to FIGS. 8 and 10. Each secondary winding 56.1 / 56.2 of the coil is directly connected to its (not shown) associated spark plug (or spark plugs, if a switching element is used) and the spark plug tip, such as. B. according to FIGS. 1-7, and the microwave source 17a is connected to the coil-spark plug transmission line 18d. A DC voltage blocking element 39 a is necessary if the cable 18 d is not connected directly to the microwave oscillator or the microwave source 17 a via an arrangement as shown in FIG. Since the coil itself has a large inductive reactance X _T at microwave frequencies (namely in the area 56.2 in which the outer shielding of the transmission line is removed), a high-frequency filter 36c, although it is shown, can therefore be dispensed with. Both the coil 56 and the high-frequency source 17a are connected to the timing device (not shown).

The switching elements "and the timing devices of the hollow frequency source can be eliminated if the high frequency source is connected to all spark plugs via a voltage divider is, and if the ignition system is designed so that there is little power transfer to the non-firing cylinders. This can be achieved in that the high frequency source is operated continuously, and that the operating frequency, the power

6Ü98U9 / Ü409

2b359G0

level and the type of coupling is chosen so that the high-frequency source an almost completely reactive load "sees" except at the cylinder that was ignited by the DC voltage spark. This The cylinder forms a large ohmic load, since it contains the burning mixture plasma, and becomes high-frequency power (energy) coupled in to enlarge and accelerate the combustion. One such an arrangement is particularly useful in machines with many cylinders, e.g. B. V 8 or V 12 machines or for others Multi-spark plug machines such as the Rotary V machine.

Finally, it should be noted that microwave sources with waveguide outputs must be connected or coupled to a coaxial line, which is why waveguide-coaxial spacers or Adapters are required, and that such spacers automatically provide the necessary DC voltage separation of the microwave source cause.

Claims (17)

2 b 3 5 9 6 O claims 1. Ignition system for internal combustion engines with a combustion chamber, with a mixing device for a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, and with an ignition device for igniting the mixture, marked by st an energy source (17, 17a, 32, 32a - C, 43) of electromagnetic energy at an operating frequency f in the order of magnitude of the plasma frequency f of a particle type s of charged particles in a mixture, where: f
ps with η = density of the particle type s in the mixture, m = mass of the rope type s in the mixture, e = electron or elementary charge, C = dielectric constant of the vacuum, and ο conducting means for conducting the energy from the energy source to the Combustion chamber for at least approx. 1 ms after ignition of the mixture in order to absorb the energy in charged particles of particle type s in the mixture during to couple its combustion. 2. Ignition system according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle type s consists of electrons. B098Ü9 / Ü409 2b35960 3. Ignition system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by conducting the energy into the combustion chamber also before combustion. 4. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the energy source of the combustion chamber produces substantially continuously supplied continuous wave (CW) energy. 5. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized , that the ignition device is arranged in a machine, that the igniter is a source of substantially DC voltage which is connected to a spark plug (22.1-4, 29, 100, 101) which has a pair of conductors (2a-k, 18d; 30 a-k, 18 ab), and that the conductor means for coupling the energy into the spark plug conductor is trained. 6. Ignition system according to claim 5, characterized in that the Spark plug conductors protrude into the combustion chamber and the protruding parts form a substantially smoothly curved loop (5 a - c? 27 a - b, 102, 105, 106) with a gap (14). 7. Ignition system according to claim 5, characterized in that that the spark plug conductor has an inner conductor and is essentially coaxial have an outer conductor, 6 UH ο Ο Π / ι \ ύ 0 9 2b359R0 that the outer conductor ends in an inwardly facing ring edge, the is substantially adjacent to a wall of the combustion chamber, that the inner conductor protrudes over the ring edge, whereby the gap forms an ignition gap for the DC voltage between the ring edge and the inner conductor, and that the protruding part of the inner conductor is an antenna or probe (10, 10 a, 106) for coupling the high-frequency energy into the burning mixture (Fig. 5-7). 8. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized that the operating frequency f is a weighted mean value of the plasma frequency f of the particles s in the initial flame front of the combustible mixture and the plasma frequency f of the particle type ps s is in the fully developed flame front of the combustible mixture. 9. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized that the operating frequency f is a weighted mean value of the plasma frequency f of the electrons in the flame front of the burning ps mixture and the electron-neutral particle collision frequency is in the flame front of the combustible mixture. 10. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized , that the ignition device (lOl) for igniting the mixture has an ignition gap forms to the essentially DC voltage to ignite the 6Ü98Ü9 / Ü4Ö9 Air-fuel mixture can be applied in the combustion chamber, and that the conductor device contains a coupling device (102) for Coupling the energy at the operating frequency f into the burning air-fuel mixture plasma. 11. Ignition system according to claim 10, characterized by a pre-ignition chamber (cavity 35) into which the ignition gap and the coupling device protrude and which is connected to the combustion chamber. 12 »Ignition system according to claim 11, characterized by a fuel injector (33) for the pre-ignition chamber (35) (Fig. 15). 13. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in an internal combustion engine with η combustion chambers, with η = integer> 0 for the combustion of an air-fuel mixture the ignition device has: One spark plug for each combustion chamber to ignite the air-fuel mixture in each combustion chamber, and a source of substantially DC voltage; and the energy source and the conductor device for generating and conducting Have energy at the operating frequency f: 6Ü9809 / Ü409 a high-frequency generator for generating electromagnetic energy at a frequency between approx. 10 Hz and approx. 10 Hz, a high-frequency coupling element, which is electrically connected to the high-frequency generator, for coupling the high-frequency energy into the burning air-fuel mixture plasma in each combustion chamber , and a distributor (25, 52) connected to the DC voltage source, the high-frequency generator, the spark plugs and the high-frequency coupling element is connected for the controlled distribution of the DC voltage and the high-frequency energy to the spark plugs or the high-frequency coupling elements in a certain chronological order. 14. Ignition system according to claim 13, characterized in that the distributor contains; a DC voltage distributor with η additional electrical conductors for successive connection with the distributor finger (25.1, 25.1 a. 53), a connected control unit (21) for receiving signals from Zeitsteuei as input signals from each of the additional conductors, and a distribution member for distributing the radio frequency energy to the associated Section of the high-frequency coupling element for its transmission to the associated combustion chamber depending on the additional conductors applied input signals (Fig. 9, 10). 609809/0/4 15. Ignition system according to claim 13, characterized in that the distributor contains: a coaxial transmission line (55) with El section, which has an inlet and having an outlet end, and which is rotatable about the axis of the El section with the inlet end, and with connection to the one hand Receipt of both DC voltage and radio frequency energy from connections provided along the axis of rotation (52.1) and on the other hand, successively distributing the DC voltage and the radio frequency energy along the rotational path of the outlet end on the ladder device (54.1-4), and a rotary drive (44) for rotating the El section time-dependent on the operation of the internal combustion engine (Fig. HA, 11 B). 16. Ignition system according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotary drive for rotating the El section is a member (53.1) for slowly rotating the El section so that the outlet end is substantially adjacent to one along the path of rotation of the outlet end Conductor device (54.1-4) is to the transmission of the DC voltage and the high frequency energy from the El section to Increase ladder equipment (54.1-4). 17. Ignition system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: eic
amounts to. 6 I " ¹ indicates that the operating frequency f is approx. 10 Hz to approx. 10 ~ W? 6U98Ü9 / CHQ9