DE2450666B2 - ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT OF FEED - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the antimicrobial treatment of feed made from fish and fish Whale waste, prawn meal, carcass meal, meat feed meal and blood meal.

Protein-containing feeds of this kind gain due to their nutrient content, especially digestible Protein, more and more important as feed.

High demands are placed on this feed, hereinafter generally referred to as "fish meal" placed, in particular with regard to the biological value of the proteins, the preservation status of the vitamins, concerns palatability and shelf life. Of course, the fish meal must not be from pathogenic germs, especially salmonella, can be attacked. An antimicrobial treatment for fish meal is therefore indicated in order to use the animal starting substances in the production of the feed disinfect; this treatment should show a long-lasting depot effect, thus also with subsequent storage of the feed, an infestation is avoided or delayed.

The physical germicidal methods based on the application of heat can be used at only use it to a limited extent in fishmeal production because it usually leads to a reduction in quality of raw proteins, reduce the vitamin content and also the palatability of the feed affect. When it comes to fishmeal production, there is therefore a trend towards low-temperature methods which have no bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect and certainly not the killing of resistant infectious agents is guaranteed. Other physical methods of disinfection or sterilization are ruled out Cost reasons. In addition, none of these methods lead to the desired depot effect, as there is also a germ-free fish meal as a favorable breeding ground for the various microorganisms easily anew can be infested.

Most chemical disinfectants are not used to treat fishmeal either Consider because they are too toxic for use in feed, with non-degradable toxic ones Substances via the slaughtered animal tissue even pose a threat to human nutrition can. In particular, therefore, separate metal compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenols and other antimicrobial substances.

A group of substances that has been used for a long time for fine disinfection, namely the quaternary Onium compounds, also called »quats«, especially the quaternary ammonium compounds, have the Advantage of being very little toxic. In its general formula

R ¹
R ₄ -NR ₂

ι 5 must be at least one of the substituents Ri-R be of a higher molecular nature, e.g. B. a fatty alkyl having 8-18 carbon atoms.

Another is best an aryl or aralkyl radical, the rest are low molecular weight, aliphatic » Groups. The anion X- can be arbitrary, ζ. Β halogen. Instead of nitrogen can also other central atoms such as sulfur occur, and in the hydrophobic or lipophilic hydrocarbon chain numerous chemical variations are possible, which au; are known in the literature. They all stand out through a more or less intensive disinfection effect. For example, from the US Pi 28 07 614 quaternary ammonium compounds become known, which are bactericides and fungicides « have proven effective and particularly effective against Salmonella typhoss.

The soap-like properties and the cation-active one are typical of the quaternary onium compounds Sense of charge. Cationic and non-ionic wetting agents and cleaning agents influence the germicidal effect barely. The quaternary onium compounds, on the other hand, are very sensitive to the anion-active substances they use it gives insoluble, disinfectant worthless precipitates. Even the high in itself, even the lowest Bacteriostasis caused by concentrations is neutralized by anion-active compounds. Si « also react with vital cell proteins and precipitate dissolved protein at the isoelectric point. Ii The presence of protein-containing accompanying substances and the carrier material therefore have the effect of killing germs considerably reduced, so that quats are unsuitable for anti-micro wave treatment of proteinaceous materials net.

It has now surprisingly been found that.

antimicrobial treatment of certain protein-containing feedstuffs is also used with unexpected success can be carried out by aqueous quaternary onium compounds together with polyalkylene glycols Mix the solution or dispersion with the feed and use it at an elevated temperature brings.

The invention is specified in the claim.

It is known that, for. B. triethylene glycol aucl

a high killing of germs at a very low concentration

has potential, especially if it is in Forrr is used by glycol-containing aerosols. The synergetic effect between the polyalkylene glycol and the quaternary onium compounds are equally difficult to explain; it is believed that dei

b5 observed synergism on an increase in affinity between the hydrophilic molecular components of the quaternary onium compounds and the wettable ones Particle surfaces of the material to be treated

on the one hand and the lipophilic components or the surface areas that can be brought into contact with them the material particles, on the other hand, is to be returned; in other words, the polyalkylene glycols act in of the type of amphoteric carrier which is both the pronounced hydrophilic and the pronounced lyophilic property of the molecular parts of the quaternary onium compounds compared to those to be treated Brings material surfaces, especially the cell membranes of Salmonella into effect. ι ο

From the literature Prod. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 94, 724 f., 1957 (cited from CA 51 [1957], 13 057 d), it is known that wetting agents reduce the pathogenic effect of Enterobacteriacae such as Salmonella typhosa can increase considerably. It was therefore impossible to foresee that the combination of the quaternary onium compounds, which are themselves wetting agents, with polykylene glycols not only keep their antimicrobial effectiveness in aqueous solution or dispersion against all expectations, but would even increase. These are mainly polyethylene and polypropylene glycols in question. Their molecular weight should be chosen so that they are at least partially at room temperature are water soluble. The pure polyethylene glycols of the general formula

HO (C ₂ H ₄ O) ₁ H

are viscous liquids up to a molecular weight of approx. 600, waxy above that. You solve yourself at Room temperature completely in water. The polypropylene glycols

HO (C ₃ H ₆ O) _x H.

are liquid. Their water solubility increases with increasing Molecular weight. By mixed polymerisation of the two alkylene oxides, combinations of hydrophilic polyethylene oxide with hydrophobic polypropylene oxide chains arise, as well as through reaction with other substances, connections with the Set the desired water solubility, capillary activity, etc.

The invention is illustrated below by way of example.

1 part by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt with the substituents dimethyl, ethyl, benzyl and n-alkyl (the latter according to the following distribution):

50% C12, 30% C ₁₄ , 17% C ₁₆ and 3% C ₈ ,

was with 2 parts by weight of an aqueous polyethylene glycol dispersion added (solids content 20%, molecular weight approx. 600). With this mixture was a raw amount of fish meal was added in a ratio of approx. 1: 100, and the mixture was placed in an autoclave Sterilized for 20 minutes. The bacteriological test for Salmonella infestation was carried out with normal commercial storage of the fish meal is negative even after a period of rest of several weeks.

The exploitation of the invention can be made possible by legal provisions, in particular by the Feed Act, be limited.

Claims (1)

Claim: Process for the antimicrobial treatment of feed made from fish and whale waste, shrimp meal, Animal carcass meal, meat feed meal and blood meal, characterized in that quaternary onium compounds are put together with polyalkylene glycols in aqueous solution or dispersion mixed with the feed and with elevated temperature applies to this.