DE2338948C3 - Process for the continuous manufacture of reinforced hoses from elastomers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of reinforced hoses from Elastomers according to the generic term of the preceding claim 1. Such hoses with a clear width of over 50 mm and any length are found in particular as underwater pipes for very deep use.

The known method for the production of high pressure hoses from composite materials with elastic carrier material can in principle be divided into mandrel manufacturing processes and mandrelless processes.

In the mandrel manufacturing process, the individual material components of the hose, such as. B. soul, Reinforcement insert and cover, individually applied to a mandrel of finite length that serves as a mandrel. The mandrel length is limited for reasons of easier "demolding" and is in the Usually 20 to 40 m. In the case of discontinuous production, a Solid steel mandrel used, for larger diameters an aluminum ear because of the easier handling (DT-PS 5 21 226).

The mandrelless processes are the only ones that allow continuous production for any length of time Hose piecec, since the length limitation due to demolding is no longer applicable. The structure of the Hose in the assembly phase takes place in this case on a slightly compressed fluid, in As a rule, air. The fixation of the hose dimensions with these methods is done by means of the outer diameter achieved by z. B. applied a lead jacket before the heater and after the heater is continuously withdrawn. In contrast to the mandrel method, the accuracy depends here the inside diameter strongly depends on the material and machine parameters. In addition, are the mandrelless process known today only for large hose series and small hose dimensions economically applicable (magazine "Kautschuk und Gummi", Volume 16, February 1963, pp. 93 to 105).

For the production of high-pressure hoses of large and large dimensions, only the Dorn method applied. The reason for this is not so much the required constancy of the Inside diameter, but are essentially two facts: The one required for the hose structure metallic or textile reinforcement must be assembled under tension, which in the case of Thornless method with large clear widths of the hose to an impermissible constriction of the

Soul would lead. In such cases it is not possible to increase the support air pressure, as this would result this also results in a deformation of the soul, even if it is directed differently. Second, there would be the sheathing too economical with lead during heating lead to manufacturing costs that are no longer justifiable.

From US-PS 24 91 152 a process is for continuous production of unlimited lengths of a fabric-reinforced hose known. To the To be able to pull off the hose in the direction of movement to the extent of its manufacture without rotating it, is between the mandrel and the initially unreinforced hose core with a fluid storage medium filled annular gap provided. In this annular gap, compressed air as a storage medium is among three different high pressures included. However, it turned up inside the ring space through which the hose during • - a structure is supposed to slide over the mandrel for a short time after opening the pressure supply the same everywhere, namely the highest pressure. This will make the as yet unreinforced inner tube inflated like a balloon until it bursts. On the other hand, it will be such a If the internal pressure is low enough that the inner tube offers resistance, then Jen Set the highest Konfcktions load for the production of high pressure hoses much too weak Back pressure prevail. Therefore, the known method and the device that can be used for it in principle not suitable in terms of structure, at least for the manufacture of hoses with large clearances.

From the DT-AS 17 04 76S is a device for Manufacture of a plastic wrapped hose is known. This known device has a mandrel the stationary surface of which several inclined driven rollers are attached, which the accumulating Wind up the elastomeric tape and roll on the inside of the cylindrical hose. Hence turns the hose rotates around its longitudinal axis during manufacture, which is essential for the manufacture of long hose lengths is unsuitable and makes the manufacture of very long lengths impossible.

From DT-OS 17 78 916 a mandrel for producing fuel hoses 1.i with an inner lining made of polyamide and a jacket made of neoprene is known. This mandrel should make it possible to apply a tubular film made of polyamide without overstretching in such a way that a residual prestress is retained in the film. To this end, flows out of an annular circumferential groove Preßlu ^f t by grooves in winding direction. This compressed air is switched off after the drawing up, so that the polyamide film rests firmly on this mandrel of finite length during manufacture and vulcanization. So it is not a device for the continuous production of hoses.

DT-OS 15 79 198 describes a method for applying a helical winding c'nen hose, using a mandrel of limited length clamped between two rotatable chucks will. While the mandrel with the drawn-on hose core is rotated, the support moves on Along the tube, letting many reinforcement wires run helically onto the tube core. With the help of a guide bushing it is possible to grip the hose tightly and one completely to ensure uniform position of the wires. Even with this device, no very long Manufacture hoses as they are rotated during manufacture.

From DT-PS 7 35 112 is a device for known continuous manufacture of hoses or pipes. Like the other known devices however, it is only suitable for the production of limited lengths because the hose to be produced is rotated around its axis, while it is

ίο is built up in the form of coiled tapes.

From the magazine "Gummi Asbest Kunststoffe", 1970, Issue 8, p. 848, it is known to use the stopper Seal the interior of the hollow strand as a magnetic body.

's object of the invention is a process for continuous Manufacture of reinforced hoses from elastomers, in which the hoses are not rotated will. This rotation should not be caused by a rotating mandrel or by torsional forces that occur when

ίο Applying the reinforcement layers to the hose core act, arise.

In a method of the type mentioned at the outset, the object is achieved according to the invention by the Process steps claimed in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. The winding up of the reinforcement layers under tension is achieved by radial Supports the soul compensated and also avoided any torsion.

The invention furthermore relates to a plurality of devices for carrying out the method according to the registration. Such a device according to the invention has a mandrel which is rotatable on its circumference Rollers are mounted at an angle and is characterized in that the mandrel is opposite to the direction of rotation an associated winding device for the reinforcement layer can be driven.

Another device according to the invention has circumferential winding devices for the reinforcement layers and a hollow mandrel with outlet openings distributed around the circumference for a fluid sliding medium and is characterized in that the mandrel in the areas of application of force through the wind-up devices is designed as a hydrostatic or aerostatic bearing and that on or one or more endless belts, their pulley system, directly behind the winding devices rotates with the associated winding device and can be braked against the winding device or is drivable, frictionally in at least one turn on the wound reinforcement layers can be wound and unwound. These devices can be in front of and in the area of the warehouse an additional outer aerostatic support bearing can be arranged. The latter can be part of a bobbin holder be the winding device and on its front side guide holes as a thread passage point.

According to a further embodiment, a device according to the invention has a hollow Thorn, on whose umhinu umlau in the longitudinal direction fende .ndlose drivable, belts are lined up next to each other, and is characterized in that de The mandrel is fixed and that the tapes in the mandrel are positively guided in the longitudinal direction and their drive takes place through the hose core. They can be hollow around the inside with gas or liquid. Ge The measure of a preferred embodiment is de hollow thorn through a strong one from outside de

Inner tube acting magnetic field in its axial Position and fixed against rotation. Instead, however, the mandrel can also be hydraulic in the axial direction and ■ be fixed against rotation by a magnetic field acting from outside the hose core.

In the method according to the invention, the hose is manufactured on a stationary mandrel, the Surface due to the hose built on it with as little friction as possible in the direction of production is moved. Such a mandrel is an integral part of the actual hose machine and thus only available at the beginning of the production line up to and including the heating zone. He can ever Depending on the embodiment, it consists of one or more subsections exist, in such a way that the mandrel segments are fixed to one another when viewed in the direction of production connected and only present where a new layer of material is applied the hose, in particular a cord wound layer or the heating coil, one from the outside onto the Inner directional pressure must be kept in balance to prevent deformation of the hose To counteract circular cross-section.

The method according to the invention can be carried out in three main variants, which are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
It shows

F i g. 1 a roller mandrel with an extruder and two thread winders,

F i g. 2 a hydrostatic or aerostatic mandrel,

F i g. 3 a hollow mandrel with drivable belts on the circumference,

F i g. 4 another version of the hollow dome according to FIG. 3,

F i g. 5, 6 and 7 in cross-section different arrangements of the bands of hollow domes,

F i g. 8 a system for separate production of the hose core and

9 shows the arrangement of a frictional locking on a Reinforcement layer that can be wound and unwound endlessly.

The variant a) takes place with a roller dome according to FIG. 1.

A tube core 2 leaving an extruder 1 is created inside 3 by slight excess air pressure Held in the shape of a circular cylinder and cooled down as much as possible until the next step. You achieved with a constant speed ν a first tube winding machine 4, where they with a layer corded or laced chamois or wire is wrapped. This position must be the case with a high-pressure hose be executed extremely precisely and reproducibly, which is why a constriction of the soft and unstable tube core 2 must be avoided under all circumstances.

This can be achieved by a dome 5 which rotates in the opposite direction of rotation like the hose winding machine 4. The dome 5 consists of the largest possible number of slightly spherical rollers 6, the axis of rotation of which has a variable inclination with respect to the hose center line. Given a predetermined inclination of the rollers 6 and speed ν of the hose core 2, the speed η of the dome 5 is set so that the rollers 6 roll helically on the inner surface of the hose core 2.

The pitch circle diameter (D ₁ ) is also variable in order to be able to run the largest possible hose program with the same mandrel 5. The inner diameter of the hose (D ₂ ) can also be corrected in this way during manufacture.

If a second roller 6 supporting a wreath is also used in a second tube winding machine 7 is required, it can be driven via a flexible drive shaft H, contrary to the first.

After the application of two layers of textile or wire, the tube being constructed is usually like this ίο pressure-resistant that an overpressure in the hose interior 9 of several atmospheres is sufficient for further support. The pressure medium used for this purpose advantageously has that required for later heating the hose Temperature.

In order to achieve a seal between the interior 3 and the hose interior 9, the mandrel S is a Sliding seal] IO rotatably attached.

In those cases where it is transferred to the hose core 2 by the hose winding machine 4 or 7 Torque does not have to keep the equilibrium through the dome 5 with an equally large counter-torque a rotation lock 11 can be provided to prevent torsion of the hose core 2 and an imprecise thread position to avoid. The rotation lock 11 is advantageously a form-fitting connection between the Tube surface and several grooved cutting edges cutting into this or rolling on it Rollers. The point of application of force of the anti-rotation device 11 should be as close as possible to the thread run-up point lie.

The variant b) takes place with a hydrostatic or aerostatic dome according to FIG. 2.

The extruded and cooled tube core 2 becomes outer at one or more places Action of force by a stationary bearing 13, possibly rotating about its axis, prior to compression preserved. To a contact between the hose core 2 and the surface of the bearing To avoid 13, a gap 15 filled with a storage medium 14 must be kept upright between the two will. The storage medium 14 flows under pressure through a feed pipe 15 a, capillaries 16 in a Number of Lageitaschen 17 and relaxed from there via the gap 15 into the interior 3 of the hose core 2, from v / o it is fed back to the pressure generator via return bores 18.

Analogously to the method according to a), in all cases where the wall of the tube core 2 is not sufficient Has dimensional stability, an additional outer support bearing 19 can be used. This is called aerostatic Executed storage because a liquid film between the hose core 2 and a reinforcement layer 20 the hose quality is unsuitable. In this way, the hose core 2 slides with little friction with constant speed ν between the stationary bearing 13 and the support bearing 19. The support bearing 19 is s: usually part of a bobbin holder 12 of the tube winding machines 4 and 7 and has on its front side guide beans 21 as a thread passage. In this way you can too on the outside of the hose, except for the thread run-up point, realize a bearing wrap-around that is closed on all sides.

The variant c) takes place with a stationary dome 23 acting as a caliber according to FIG

Surface a number of endless flexible moves along with the hose core 2 in the direction of production Bands 24 slide with little friction. Requirement here-

for UEL that the friction value c between the IirnecySite ;: inner tube 2 and the outer side of the Binc-er 24 is considerably larger ils Re.bwen the z-aiicher. of the belts 24 and the 23rd. If the GU :: trs: buni is still high in certain production cases, the belts 24 can also perform an operation 25 at the speed ν of the tube core 2. In particular be ^:. Smaller inner tube diameters, however, are difficult to accommodate a drive device in the rain η ern for reasons of space.

In these cases, the device 25 can also to the outside (Fig. 4). Such an arrangement is also advantageous when the tube core 2 is not extmdiert, but wound from strip 26.

The design of the endless belts 24 is different and adapted to the requirements for the freedom from grooves of the hose core 2 (FIGS. 5, 6 "). FIG. 5 shows a cross section along the line A-B through the mandrel 23 from FIGS g. 3 or 4. The cathedral

23 carries a number of endless belts 24 which are so flexible around their center line that they easily adapt to the curvature of the mandrel. The bands 24 are designed at their lateral abutting edges 27. that i lay down on each other when external pressure is applied. On their underside, they have guide webs 29 running in the longitudinal direction. soft fit into correspondingly shaped recesses 30 in the surface of the dome 23 in order to prevent the bands 24 from shifting laterally when a torsional moment M acts. Likewise, recesses 31 can also lie on the underside of the belts 48 and run on corresponding guide strips 32 on the dome surface (FIG. 7). To reduce the coefficient of friction between the belts 24 and the mandrel 23, a lubricant can be supplied via bores.

tJei non-metallic Sänücm 24 -. »ad em or several tensile members 28 extending in the longitudinal direction within the cross section, e.g. B. a - s steel cables, advantageous.

In those cases where the hose blank is surrounded by a heating coil after it has been assembled is to apply an external pressure to the hose during vulcanization to achieve better Exercise quality, this pressure can be increased by the fact that the interior 33 of the belts 24 with Gas or liquid is filled. In this case, the bands 24 must be made of an elastic material which is a desired thickness increase of the band due to thermal expansion of the band filling

24 allowed.

Even with the best sealing of the bands 24 at the joint edges 27, an imprint of the joint edges 27 as a groove on the inside of the finished tube core cannot be completely avoided. However, in order to reduce the number of grooves and thus the flow resistance when using the hose, the number of belts 24 moving along with the mandrel surface must be kept as small as possible and in the extreme case is only one belt 214 (FIGS. 6 and 7). In order to facilitate the deflection of the endless belt 24 at the ends of the dome 23, the belt 24 can either entirely (FIG. 6) or only partially (FIG. 7) have a small thickness, so that a Thorn surface circular cross-section at the end of the thorn slightly together- _ ~ EVriL ^ erec -r. Filtic 34 * u-

Wrong you ^ rs

SIi -5 Sllliw

^ ri- Pen 23 :. · ?. ^ cfc-Uucfcj ^ .rcisr .-. rh-: uni rj ίΐν.ΐ-ϊπ. ~ r.i3 d <r Dorr. 23 over Sksc 35 nut;, - · ;: Do — haiterur.s 22 \ e: bur.cer; «Tr .. Da dis Bdr.c -4 2u:« rrwrri W _{i ;;} d ^ rch das Porainn * nr & ί S'iitf 35 - "idiifen rr.uS. is his Kreisiönrüier Qver> chr.i: t in rr..niesten * e: r, er Stel'.e 36 interrupted.

Dte <; köcrue dir.n also smelled eaifaiiec. *; -.-;> se ^ JT.ΐ *. the cathedral 23 ohr. * dr.e rncvrtt Aryan Dc τ.-haltcrur-i 12 and Steg? 35 by a strong M bezel'.d. which ^ oa a iiiiersn Masrr.etert 37 on her. will, in ssiEer axiaien Läse πι rmertn ^ Fig. A 6V to diise way manufactured hose would be indistinguishable inside absolutely nefenfrei and a con \ TmtioEiil on a mandrel made hose in this regard.

An axial enlargement without the doming 22 is also in the. Fall necessary, "o them Inner tube 2 in a separate operation g «- is fenigt (Fig. SV The Sch'.auchseele 2 retrieved from a drum 39 passes through a confectioning zone40 and a heating zone 41. The finished hose is cooled and then placed on a drum 42 tickles.

In order to be able to work in a quasi-continuous production "dome-free" in this case too, the mandrel 23 carrying the endless belts 24 must be locked in the axial direction without a fixed screw connection with the hose winding machines 4 and 7. This can be done magnetically according to FIG. ο or hydraulically according to fig. S can be achieved in a non-positive manner. In the case of hydraulic Domarretierung the dome ends via the webs 35 and the mandrel holder 22 carry pistons 43 with the surfaces. _9-I and.-I _1. which cause a seal of the inner tube 44 and 45 against each other.

The gas or liquid pressures in the hose interiors 44 and 45 are connected to one another via a control system so that the force P ₁ A ₁ -P ^ A _{0 of} the frictional force acting between the belts 24 and the mandrel 23 resulting from the products of pressure and piston area R is in balance at all times. The axial position of the dome 23 can be determined by methods of non-destructive testing, e.g. B. record radiographically and correct if there is a change using the differential pressure control described above.

Since the unreinforced hose core 2 can usually not withstand any great internal pressure in the hose interior 44 without impermissible deformation, this can also be set equal to the atmospheric pressure, so that the front piston 43 with the area A _{0 is} omitted.

In many cases it can be quite advantageous to combine the described processes a), b) and c) with one another to combine. Is z. B. in a hose, the first reinforcement layer applied according to method c) the hose cross-section was already so stable that in the course of production the following layers according to method b) or under certain circumstances even only below Application of a gas or liquid filling inside the hose can be made up, so lets This is based on the condition of media separation with the help of one or more sliding seals 10 easy to implement.

In each process a) to c) it is possible that despite the measures described, it was too big

6 (W 641 '270

Torque is exerted on the hose core 2, in particular by applying the various reinforcement layers and the associated action of external forces in a direction tangential to the respective outer hose diameter. It is the task of the device shown in FIG. 9 to largely cancel this torque by means of an approximately equal but opposite direction. This is essentially achieved by the fact that an endless and flexible belt 48 close to or with a thread or a thread composite 47 running in the same direction takes over a certain portion of the thread tension by frictional engagement. This effect is made possible by a rough surface of the band 48 on the one hand and due to the relative speed between the thread composite 47 and the band 48 due to their different winding diameters on the tube core 2. As shown in section CD of FIG. 9, the endless band 48 rotating at a speed w generates an overrun force S _1, which acts as a tangential tensile force on the inner tube 2 and a torque to M _1, exerts. If the belt 48 is kept equal to the overrun force S ₁ by driving or braking of guide rollers 49 to 52, the flow force S _2, so also the torque M ₁₂ generated as a result is equal to M _n , and the external forces acting of the band 48 result in a constriction of the band part 53 wound onto the hose core 2 and a torque-free reaction force R.

This static reaction force R is kept in equilibrium by the stationary mandrel according to execution a) to c).

In addition 8 sheets of drawings

Claims (9)

Patent claims: 1. Process for the continuous production of reinforced hoses from elastomers formed from vulcanizable elastomers into a hose core, pulled off in the axial direction and is supported radially over a distance, within this distance on the hose core several reinforcement layers are wound and the elastomer is vulcanized, characterized in that the Aufw inden the reinforcement layers under tension that the radial support of the hose core only in the areas of the external force caused by the tension in the reinforcement layers takes place and that the hose core is additionally supported against torsion in these areas will. 2. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a mandrel, on the circumference of which rotatable rollers are mounted obliquely, characterized in that the mandrel (5) counter to the direction of rotation of an associated winding device is drivable for the reinforcement layers. 3. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, with revolving wind-up devices for the reinforcement layers and a hollow dome with outlet openings distributed around the circumference for a fluid sliding medium, characterized in that the mandrel in the areas the force exerted by the updraft devices as hydrostatic or aerostatic Storage (13) is formed and that in each case on or immediately behind the wind-up devices one or more endless belts, their pulley system (49 to 52) with the associated Winding device revolves and can be braked or driven against the winding direction, frictionally In nvndesicns one turn on the wound reinforcement layer and unwound are. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that in front of and in the region of the bearing (13) an additional outer aerostatic support bearing <Ί9) is arranged. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the aerostatic support bearing (19) Is part of a bobbin holder (12) of the winding device and has guide bores (21) as thread passages on its front side. 6. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, with a hollow mandrel, on its circumference in the longitudinal direction revolving endless drivable belts lined up next to each other are, characterized in that the mandrel (23) is fixed, that the bands (2i) in the mandrel (23) are guided in a form-fitting manner in the longitudinal direction and are driven by the hose (2). 7. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1. with eir.cin hollow mandrel. on its circumference in the longitudinal direction circumferential, drivable by means of a drive unit Ribbons are juxtaposed, thereby characterized in that the mandrel (23) is stationary and the bands (24) in the mandrel (23} in the longitudinal direction are positively guided. S. Device according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the bands (24) are hollow and inside (33) are filled with gas or liquid. 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the mandrel (23) due to a strong magnetic field acting outside the tube core (2) in its axial Position and is fixed against rotation. ίο. Device according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the mandrel (23) hydraulically in the axial direction and by a magnetic field acting from outside the hose core (2) is fixed against rotation.