DE2337846A1 - DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PROTECTION OF BLOW MOLDS IN STEELWORK VESSELS FROM INGREDIENTS OF MELT - Google Patents

Description

USS EIiGINEEIiS AHD GONSUIjTAMi ¹ S, INC.

600 Grant Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Device and procedure for protecting the blow molds in steel v / errsgefäß from Penetration of molten substances

The invention relates to a device for preventing the Penetration of melt and the like into the blow molds during operation a steelworks vessel or furnace with at least one of a central nozzle and a surrounding Ririg nozzle existing blow mold. The invention relates in particular to a device and a method for preventing blow mold damage due to insufficient flow; gas selected from several gases to the Hitteldüse in the operation of a steel mill with at least one blow mold, which consists of a THtteldüse and one of these surrounding Fdngdüse ". The Invention al Ir. he; ο in on a facility and a method for Controlling the converter or iiegölbetriebec, in which a combination of gases by means of nozzles into the melt einp / iblaseu will that in the bottom dos converter or Q'in [r <: -: t. <-; are arranged.

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BATH ORIGINAL

With conventional steel refining, oxygen is added to the The melting vessel is blown in through a lance which is arranged above the iron or steel melt. Although this process is satisfactory for a number of purposes, the bath mixing is not complete enough to meet higher demands. In the known process, for example, relatively high iron losses have to be accepted and only part of the oxygen exiting the lance is used. An improved one Steel refining process works with oxygen that is blown in from below the bath surface, which is a The result is better bath mixing and, on top of that, better efficiency and less smoke development than in the conventional "method. In this improved method, laterally arranged Blow molds are used, which are arranged for the purpose of additional oxygen supply above the melt.

One provided for carrying out this improved method Converter or crucible is designed to be tiltable and has a refractory lining Variety of nozzles or blow molds is penetrated. Each blow mold consists of a central nozzle through which the oxygen flows through during the freshness period of the process and also an annular nozzle concentrically surrounding said central nozzle. Through this annular nozzle is a gas is supplied, which is used to cool the central nozzle. The term "nozzle" is used in the following to refer to the To understand outlet openings from which the respective gases »emerge. · A melting vessel of the type mentioned is in the American patent application 800 792 described.

Although during the freshening process oxygen through the middle nozzle flows, different combination

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nations of gases during other stages of the refining process necessary. These other gases or gas mixtures \\ ferden 'for cleaning as well as for cooling the air nozzles and during other "procedural sections are used to which the Visiting the converter or crucible, taking samples from the melt and pouring off the converter count after the steel has been refined - even in that process section in which the converter or crucible is a position suitable for carrying out the following operation is transferred, certain gases or gas mixtures are used used. If the crucible is inclined during pouring, sampling and pouring, so the blow molds are protected from melting by allowing gases such as compressed air through the central nozzles while low pressure nitrogen is supplied through the annular nozzles. When the melting vessel is erected in its upright position to carry out refining, the pressure must in the nozzles to ensure that no Molten metal enters the blow molds, blocking the openings and causing a corrosion attack the slag leads to the blow mold. During this Section of the fresh process can be the compressed or Compressed air by means of nitrogen under relatively high pressure be replaced.

After the converter has been erected and placed under a hood which discharges the gases, the refining is carried out in such a way that oxygen takes the place of nitrogen in the central nozzles and that a fuel in the annular nozzles takes the place of the Nitrogen occurs. During freshening, the pressure must be high enough to prevent the blow nozzles from being blocked or from being damaged by contact with highly corrosive slag. When the refining is completed, as occurs under high D'x-u el: standing nitrogen in place of oxygen, it u ^r id

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the converter is inclined or tilted in order to remove a Allow the completed batch to be sampled or emptied. During sampling or tapping, compressed air or low-pressure nitrogen is applied to the Place the high pressure nitrogen in the center nozzles to prevent contamination of the crucible environment to prevent, because at this point the converter mouth is no longer under the fume cupboard.

From this brief outline of the bottom-blowing steel refining process it becomes clear that there is always a sufficient one in the air nozzles Gas pressure and adequate gas flow must be maintained when the nozzles are covered by molten metal in order to prevent the penetration of the molten material into the nozzles or into the gas lines. Should such a penetration of melt or slag take place anyway, this is technically with serious damage on equipment and on top of that with serious injuries among the operating crew. For this reason there is de ^ s need for an effective control or control device, which only allows the crucible to be erected when there is a suitable gas pressure in the blow molds. I'erner such a protective device should ensure that in the blow molds have sufficient pressure and sufficient pressure at all times Gas flow prevail. In addition, care must be taken that with each gas change a gentle or smooth Transition of one gas to the other takes place.

The invention is based on the object of creating such a control and monitoring device.

According to the invention, a device for monitoring or controlling a tiltable fresh steel converter is proposed. where the converter or crucible is such a

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gene acts, which has at least one blow mold in the bottom and the blow mold consists of a central nozzle which is arranged within an annular nozzle. At least first, second and third gas sources are connected to the converter connectable, wherein a gas control device is provided to selectively the first and / or second gas sources with the To connect blow molding, which takes place depending on the actuation of a selector switch with the gas control device is connected via a switch circuit. For example in one position of the selector switch, the first gas source is connected to the central and the annular nozzle comprising the first set of gas sources. In another position of the selector switch, the second and third gas sources are connected to the central and annular nozzles, v / ob ei the second set of Gas sources is included.

Means are also provided to determine whether There is insufficient pressure in the central or annular nozzles or whether the flow rate or the flow rate one of the flowing media is insufficient. In the pail, v / o the first set of gas sources to the converter is connected, and the pressure in the central or the annular .Düsen falls below a predetermined value, occur the second and third fluid sources take the place of the first to feed the., medium and annular nozzles. If the flow rate or flow rate of the first gas in the middle nozzle below a certain value without a pressure reduction occurring, so becomes the second o gas source set together with the first gas source set the blow mold switched on. If the second gas source attachment is connected to the blow mold and there is a drop the pressure or the flow rate below a predetermined one Value determined, oo the first gas source set to feed the central and ring-shaped nozzles occurs

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the place of the first sentence.

In this control or monitoring system, the first source of gas is connected to the center nozzle via a first flow control device and a first valve. With the ring-shaped The nozzle is connected to the first gas source via a second flow control device and a second valve. The second gas source is connected to the middle nozzle via a third flow control device and a third valve tied together. A third gas source is controlled via a fourth flow with the ring-shaped nozzle fourth valve connected. The first gas is usually nitrogen and the second gas is oxygen and in the case of the third gas, one of the gases such as natural gas, propane or butane. A fourth gas source can also be provided be that with the center nozzle via a fifth flow control device and a fifth valve is connected. This fourth gas is usually used around compressed air, synthetic air mixtures consisting of nitrogen and oxygen as well as nitrogen and argon.

To determine whether the pressure is in the middle or the annular Nozzle has dropped below a certain value the first and second Druckraeßeinrichtungen «each with connected to these nozzles. The flow rate or flow rate the first, second, third and fourth gas source is set with the aid of flow measuring devices, which are arranged in the first, third, fourth and fifth flow control devices. Flow switch v / ground in the first, third and fourth flow control devices actuated when the flow rate or the flow rate of the respective gas falls below drops by a specified value. Fern he facilities are provided with which, optionally, the respective valves actuable when the presence of insufficient pressures

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or flow conditions have been determined so that the

To prevent the penetration of melt into the blow molds.

Thus, the first gas is supplied to the central and annular nozzles and becomes the prevalence of low pressure determined or displayed in the blow molds, the third and fourth control valves are opened to control the inflow ' of the second and third gases to the central and annular nozzles and around the first and second "valves to close after a predetermined delay time. Are the first and second gases or gas sources with the blow molds connected and insufficient pressure or flow conditions are determined, so facilities are provided, among other things to open the first and second valves and thus the flow of the first gas to the central and annular ones. Allow nozzles. After a certain time delay, the aforementioned devices close the third and fourth Valves to cut off the flow of the second and third gases in this way. The facility to connect of devices for measuring, pressure and. the flow rates with the valves is preferably electro-pneumatic or designed mechanically-hydraulically * It can combinations of the aforementioned drive modes can also be formed.

The selection of the suitable gas combinations for the various According to a preferred embodiment, stages of the fresh process are carried out with the aid of a selector switch, the has a first, second and third position. In the first position the selector switch is electrically connected to the second and fifth valve connected to the energized or actuated. State the first and the fourth gas source with the annular and middle nozzles connects. In the second position

BATH 409807/0817

of the switch, the first and second valves are such actuates that the first gas source is connected to the central and annular nozzles, while in the third Position of the switch, the first and fourth valves are operated so that the second and third gas source with the middle and annular nozzles are connected.

To ensure a smooth or smooth transition of the gases when moving the selector switch from one position to Next, a device is provided which maintains the flow of a first selected set of gas sources as long as until a stream or river has been established from the following selected set of gas sources. In this way the first set of gas sources is only switched off after a delimited time delay and after the presence of one sufficient flow of the selected gas to the central nozzle has been measured. Also is a facility provided to prevent the crucible from tipping into its upright position in such cases, in which the pressure in the central or annular nozzle is below a predetermined value. Also are additional control devices are provided to ensure a safe and functional. Ensure operation of the crucible. These additional facilities are described below.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it:

FIGS. 1a to 1c are schematic representations of the converter production with different positions of the selector switch,

2 is a diagram of the system for controlling the operation of the steel refining vessel,

Fig. 3 and 3a details of the device for controlling the Nitrogen flow,

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Fig. 4 and 4-a the device for controlling the oxygen 'and Fuel flow to the bottom blow molds,

Fig. 5 shows the device for controlling the oxygen · and Fuel flow to the side tuyeres,

6 shows the device for controlling the air supply to the bottom blow molds,

Fig. 7 © in a schematic diagram showing the mode of operation of the system illustrates

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive motor for Tilting the crucible,

9 shows a vertical section through a bottom blowing end Oxygen crucible, with a pair under the bath surface arranged bottom blow molds, a pair of side blow molds arranged below the bath surface and a pair of blow molds can be seen which are directed towards the carbon-monoxide zone of the melting vessel are,

10 shows a vertical section through an electric arc furnace for steelworks with a vertical and an inclined bottom blow mold arranged below the bath surface, a pair of side blow molds disposed below the bath surface and one side Blow mold based on the carbon monoxy zone of the Melting vessel is directed,

11 shows a vertical section through a steel mill furnace open chest with one vertical and one inclined bottom blow mold arranged below the bath surface, one below the bath surface arranged lateral blow mold and a further lateral blow mold, which is on the carbon monoxide zone of the melting vessel is directed,

Fig. 12 is a vertical section through a tiltable steelworks furnace with an open chest with a vertical and an egg ¹ inclined bottom blow mold arranged below the bath surface, one below the bath

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lateral blow mold arranged on the surface, which is directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace, and
13 shows a vertical section through a mixer that can be set in vibration for warm use, with a vertical and inclined blow mold each arranged below the bath surface, a pair of lateral blow molds arranged below the bath surface and a blow mold which is directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the mixer.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c and 2, a crucible or converter 10 assumes a number of different positions in the course of the refining of a batch of pig iron to steel. Fig. 1a shows the position of the converter 10 during charging and tapping, Fig. 1b shows the position of the converter during the actual refining process and Fig. 1c shows the position of the converter during sampling from the refined molten bath. The crucible 10 has a steel skin or a steel jacket 12 with a refractory lining 14 and a refractory base 16 which is arranged on a steel base plate 18. The blow molds arranged in the floor. (FIGS. 1 a to 1 c, 2) each have a central nozzle 22 and an annular nozzle 24 which is arranged concentrically around the central nozzle 22. These bottom nozzles 20 are preferably arranged on one side of the bottom 16 and perpendicular to the axis AA (FIG. 2) of the pin 26 about which the crucible 10 is tilted. In addition to the bottom blow molds 20, lateral blow molds 28 (FIG. 2) can be provided in the wall of the crucible 10 in order to accelerate the conversion of the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide above the melting bath.

The chronological order of the in a normal freshening process pending procedural steps begins while moving

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the crucible 10 is in the position shown in FIG. 1a, a selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) being in its position A. In position A, compressed air or low pressure is applied standing nitrogen supplied to the central nozzles 22 of the blow molds 20, while the annular. Nozzles 24- with nitrogen be fed. The pressure of the gases in the center nozzles 22 and the ring-shaped nozzles 24 is 0.007 to 0.014 kg / mm '"

and 0.04-2 to 0.063 kg / mm, respectively. The crucible 10 is on suitable Way, and a batch of scrap and pig iron is put in while the furnace is in the tilted position shown in Fig. 1a is.

Next, the selector switch .32 (Fig. 7) has the effect moved to its position B that nitrogen under a pressure between 0.04 and 0.07 kg / mm in the central bottom nozzles 22 takes the place of compressed air. At the same time, the crucible 10 is around the pin 26 with the aid of a motor 30 (Fig. 8) brought into its upright position, which is shown in. Fig. 1b, with the crucible mouth below a deduction 3 ^ is located. The in front of the center vent 22

ι »

the higher pressure prevailing prevents the charge from entering the blow mold, which could lead to clogging or could lead to other types of damage to the bottom blow molds 20. Before reaching the upright position shown in Fig. 1b When the crucible 10 is in position, no oxygen is introduced into the furnace because harmful gases are blown into the air that surrounds the crucible 10, as long as the same is in a tilted position and not below the fume cupboard 34- · is located. The harmful gases come from the reaction of oxygen with the melt.

While the converter mouth is under the trigger 34-, the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position C.

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As a result, pure oxygen takes the place of nitrogen in the central bottom nozzles 22 and enters the ring-shaped one Nozzles 24 · a fuel, such as propane, in place of nitrogen. The fuel is used during the freshening process as enveloping or cooling gas to suppress the melting of the bottom nozzles 20 and as protection for the converter bottom 16. In this position, oxygen and fuel are also fed into the center nozzles 35 and into the annular nozzles 38 of the lateral blow molds 28 are fed.

After the freshness is finished, switch 32 (Fig. 7) moved back to its position B, whereby the gases in the bottom blow molds 20 are replaced by nitrogen and the Inflow of oxygen and fuel to the side Blow molding 28 is interrupted. The crucible 10 is then rotated into its position shown in FIG. 1c and the switch 32 brought into its position A, whereby under low Pressurized nitrogen or compressed air instead of the high pressure nitrogen in the center floor nozzles 20 occurs. In this position, in which the bottom blow molds 20 are usually not under the melt, Samples of the refined steel are taken to determine whether refining is complete. Has the Sampling yielded a satisfactory result, the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position B. and the crucible 10 is rotated into its position shown in FIG. 1a, whereupon the selector switch 32 is brought into its position A. will. A plug 4-0 (Fig. 1a to 1c, 2) is taken out one side wall of the crucible 10 is removed and the steel runs through the resulting removal of the stopper 40 Opening from the oven. Optionally, the steel can also go over the edge of the furnace mouth or the converter mouth to be poured off. If the sampling has produced an unsatisfactory result, further freshening can be prevented.

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be guided that the converter is back in its upright position Position brought back and the sampling repeated again will.

Converter gas feed system : FIG. 2 shows in a schematic representation how the various gases required for operating the crucible 10 are connected to the blow molds 20 and 28 of the crucible. It can be seen that a nitrogen source 42 via a device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow and via a valve 46 (FIG. 2) which is connected to the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds _{by means of a magnetic coil R 2 Ig (Pig. 2,7)} 20 is connected. The source 42 is also connected to an orifice 48 (Fig. 2) which is used to control the flow. In addition, the source (42) is connected to the annular nozzles 24 of the bottom blow molds 20 via a valve 50, which can be actuated with the aid of a solenoid R _{1 -Q (FIGS. 2, 7).} A Sai he material source 52 (Fig. 2) is via a device 54 (Fig. 2, 4) for measuring and controlling the oxygen flow and via a valve 56 (Pig 2), which by means of a magnetic coil Rc / - ( Fig- 2,7) connected to the middle nozzles 22. The oxygen source 52 is also connected to the lateral blow molds 28, which are arranged in the side wall of the converter 10, via a flow measuring device 58 (FIGS. 2, 5). A fuel source 60 (Fig. 2) is via a device 62 (Fig. 2, 4) for measuring and controlling the fuel flow and via a valve 64 (2), which with the help of a solenoid R ^ r (Piß · 2 and 7) can be actuated, connected to the annular bottom nozzles 24. This source 60 is also connected to the lateral blow molds 28 via a device 66 for measuring and controlling the fuel flow. In addition, a compressed air source 68 (Fig. 2) via a device 70 (Fig. 2,6) for measuring and controlling the air passage and via a

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Solenoid valve 72 (Pig. 2) connected to the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds 20. As a fuel source Any suitable medium can be used which has an adequate cooling effect such as propane, natural gas or oil. In addition, low-pressure nitrogen can be used take the place of the compressed air, if this is deemed to be more advantageous.

A pressure switch 74 (Fig. 2) with electrical contacts PS-I and PS-2 (Figs. 2 and 7) is annular with the side Nozzles 24 connected via lines 76 (Fig. 2). A push button switch 78 with contacts PS-3 and PS-4 (FIGS. 2 and 7) is connected via line 80 to the floor center nozzles 22. Contacts PS-1 and PS-3 are open under normal pressure conditions, but are closed when pressure is applied drops below a predetermined value. The contacts PS-2 and PS-4 are closed under normal pressure conditions, however, they are open when the pressure drops below a predetermined value.

The following table contains a list of the gas combinations or gas mixtures which are supplied to the central nozzles and the annular nozzles 24 of the bottom blow molds 20 will.

Position of ■ '· Bod en-IIL tt el- ground-one selector nozzle (22) nozzles (24,

A compressed air or nitrogen

Low pressure nitrogen

B nitrogen nitrogen

C oxygen fuel

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The device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow (FIGS. 2, 3) is shown in detail in FIG. The illustrated cylindrical conduit 82 forms part of the conduit that connects the nitrogen source 42 to the solenoid valve 46 connects ·. An opening 84 (FIG. 3) is in the upper end of the line section in terms of flow 82 and a conventional flow meter 86 with a voltage output that corresponds to the flow rate bz \ i. the flow rate of nitrogen through the opening 84 is proportional, is connected to port 84. Such devices are commercially available and need therefore not to be explained in more detail.

The output of the flow measuring device 86 is connected to one input of an amplifier 88 (Fig. 3), while the other input of the amplifier 88 via a normally open contact H ^^ - 1, a relay IL ^ (Fig. 3a) and via a normally closed Contact R ^ JfZ (Fig. 3) of a relay R- ^, via the adjustable arm 90 of a potentiometer 92 is connected to earth. A good

• i

homely open contact of a relay is intended as such Contact must be defined that is open as long as the relay is not aroused. Such a contact is shown in the drawing by two parallel spaced apart Vertical lines shown as a 'normally closed contact is a contact that is closed in the end-excited state. For representation such a contact is used in the drawing by two parallel, spaced-apart vertical lines with a solid diagonal line. The coil of each relay and the relay as such are described below denoted by the letter "R" with an identification index. Each contact of the relay is through the

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Eelaxsbezeichen identifies which the contact assigned number follows.

The potentiometer 92 (FIG. 3) lies between a comparison potential + E and Er _# de, while a nitrogen flow switch 94- is connected to the output of the flow measuring device 86 with a contact FS ~ 1. Contact FS-1 is closed under normal flow conditions of nitrogen, but is open when the flow drops below a predetermined value. The flow switch 9 ^Z! · (Fig. 3) is provided with an adjustment knob 96, it can be adjusted to that Durchflußiaenge or flow rate with the aid of which, to be made in which the closing of the contact FS-1 (3.7 Fig.) . The function or mode of operation of the flux switch or flux relay 94 and the contact FS-1 is explained below. The output of the amplifier 88 is connected to a motor-driven valve 98 (Fig. 3) which is used for continuous control of the nitrogen flow rate through the line 82 to the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds 20 in response to the signals at its input cares.

Fig. 3a shows a control circuit for the operation of the relay R. ^ ,. As shown, the relay is E ^. with a voltage source E either via a first. Connected conductor path, which consists of a normally open contact IL-1 of a relay JL (Fig. 7) or connected via a second conductor path, v / which in series arrangement normally closed contacts Eq-1 (Fig. 3) ₅ normally closed contacts E ~ -1 or normally open contacts Rg-1 ^{un (} i contains a normally open contact ILq-1. The operation of this circuit is described in greater detail in connection with FIG.

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be practiced. If the relay E. ^ (Fig. 3a) is de-energized, then the comparison potential on arm 90 (Fig. 3) of the potentiometer 92 is compared with the prevailing flow measurement which is present at the output of the flow measuring device 86. Of the Arm 90 of potentiometer 92 is set to a value that of the desired flow rate or flow rate of the nitrogen into the soil center nozzles 22 is equivalent to. It turns out that the desired and actual flow velocities or flow rates match, the motorized valve remains 98 (FIG. 3) unchanged in its position. Should the If the flow rate of nitrogen through the line 82 has been changed, the arm 90 is changed of the potentiometer 92 adjusted so that a voltage difference generated between the inputs of the amplifier 88 with the result that the valve 98 is opened or closed is, whereby the flow rate or flow rate of the nitrogen to the nozzles 22 is changed if the relay R ^, (Fig. 3a) is energized, there is an input of the amplifier 88 via the contact R ^ -I (Fig. 3) Ground potential, causing the booster 88 to close the motorized valve 98 in its closed position bring.

Fig. 4 shows details of the device 5 ^z i- for measuring and controlling the oxygen flow and the device 62 for measuring and controlling the fuel flow. In the figure, the line 100 represents part of the pipeline which connects the oxygen source 52 and the solenoid valve 56 to one another. An opening 102 (FIG. 4-) is arranged between the upper end of the line 100 in terms of flow and a device 104 for measuring the oxygen flow, which device is connected to the opening 102. In an analogous manner to the device 86 for measuring the nitrogen

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With the current, the oxygen flow measuring device 104 generates a voltage which is proportional to the amount of oxygen flowing through the opening 102. In a similar way, the line 106 (I ¹ Ig (Fig. 2) connects to the solenoid valve 64, an opening 108 is provided, which is announced with the "fuel flow measuring device 110. Exactly as in the case of the nitrogen flow measuring device 86, the oxygen flow measuring device 104 and the fuel flow measuring device 110 are also shown in FIG conventionally formed.

The output of the oxygen flow meter 104 is connected to an input of an amplifier 112 (Fig. 4) having one end of a potentiometer 113 and an oxygen flow switch 114 which has an adjustment knob (116) and a pair of normally open contacts FS-2 and FS-3 (Fig. 4,7). These contacts are closed when the flow rate, which has been set with the aid of the button 116, is reached. The other input of amplifier 112 (Fig. 4) is connected to ground via a normally closed contact H ^, (-1 of a Seiais R ^ c (Fig. 4). Furthermore, the latter output of amplifier 12 is via a normally open Contact ^ 5-2 of a relay R ^ _n - connected to an adjustable arm 118 (Fig. 4) of a potentiometer 120. In the same way, the output of the fuel flow measuring device HO is connected to an input of an amplifier 122 (Fig. 4) and to A fuel flow switch 123 is connected, which has an adjustable knob 125 and a normally open contact FS-4 (Fig. 4,7). This contact is closed when the flow rate or the flow rate increases.

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is enough, which has been set using the button 125. The other input of amplifier 122 is connected _{to ground via a normally closed contact R ^ n} --3 (Fig. 4). Furthermore, this input is connected to an adjustable arm of a potentiometer 113 via a normally open contact R ^ c-4. The output of amplifier 122 is connected to a motor-driven valve 124 (FIG. 4) which is arranged in line 100. The output of amplifier 122 is connected to a motorized valve 126 in line 106.

The relay coil R ^ ₁ - (Fig. 4a) is connected to the voltage source E via a normally closed contact Rq-2, which is connected in series with a network consisting of normally closed contacts R ^ -1 and R arranged in series ^ .q-1, which are parallel to the normally open contacts Rg-2 and R ^ -1, the purpose of these contacts is explained in connection with the schematic control diagram shown in Figure 7. For the purpose of explaining the mode of operation and mode of operation of the units 54 and 62 for heating and controlling the oxygen or fuel flows, it is sufficient for the time being to indicate that the relay R ^ r- is energized. disconnect the inputs of amplifiers 112 and 122 (FIG. 4) from their connection to ground and connect them to the arms of potentiometers 120 and 113, respectively. This loosening and connecting always takes place when. Oxygen and fuel are to be supplied to the blow molds 20.

In order to ensure the appropriate ratio of oxygen to fuel in the central and ring nozzles of the bottom blow molds or to dispose of a pin, the adjustable arms 118, 118 ^{1 of} the potentiometers 120 and 113 are set in such a way that they achieve the desired flow rates respectively.

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Ensure flow velocities. For example, the potentiometer 120 can be set so that an oxygen flow is generated in an amount of 84-0 to 98Öm ^ / min and the potentiometer 113 can be set so that a fuel flow is generated 8% of the oxygen polecat. If the actual flow rates or flow rates differ from the potentiometer setpoints, control valves 124 and 126 (FIG. 4) are operated to change the flow rates. Thus, the mode of operation of the devices 54 and 62 for measuring and controlling the oxygen or fuel flow is essentially the same as that of the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow.

5 shows, the components and modes of operation of the device 58 for controlling and controlling the oxygen flow and the device 66 for controlling and controlling the fuel flow, many of which supply the blow molds 28 with oxygen or fuel, are essentially the same As with devices 54 and 62. In device 58 for measuring and controlling the oxygen flow, line 128 (FIG. 5) _{5 has} an opening 150 in its upper fluidic end and a motorized control valve 1J2 in its The lower end of the pipe which connects the oxygen source 52 to the central nozzles 36 of the side blow molds 28 is disturbed. In the same way, the line 1J4 (FIG. 5) 1, which has an opening 136 in its upper end in terms of flow and a motor-driven valve 138 in its lower end in terms of flow, is part of the line which carries the fuel source 60 and the ring nozzles 38 of the lateral blow molds 28 connects. One

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Oxygen flow meter 140 and a fuel flow meter 142 are mat openings 130 and 136 connected to produce output voltages that correspond to the flow rates of oxygen and fuel in lines 128 and 134, respectively. The outlet of the oxygen flow meter 140 (Fig. 5) is connected to an input of an amplifier 144 and. with the end of a potentiometer 146, the other end of which is connected to earth. The other input of amplifier 124 is via one normally closed relay contact or normally closed contact

R -, - 2 connected to earth and with which a Dt ellbar en Ana or 3

Sliding contact 143 of a potentiometer 148 via a normally open relay contact or normally open contact R ₅ - '? (Fig. 5) connected. The potentiometer 148 is connected to the voltage source + E. In the same way, the output of the fuel flow measuring device 142 is connected to one input of an amplifier 150, the other input of which is connected to ground via a normally closed contact R ₇ -4- (FIG. 5) and to a sliding contact 145 _{via a normally open contact R 7 -5} Potentiometer 146 is connected. The outputs of the amplifiers 144 and 150 (FIG. 5) are connected to valves 132 and 138, respectively, these valves being controlled in the same way as the valves 124 and 126 in FIG. The operation of the relay contacts Rz-2 to R ₇ -5 is in

3 3

the following has been explained in connection with FIG. 7. For the purpose of explaining the mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 5, it is initially sufficient that the contacts of the relay R _y (FIG. 7) only then in the arrangement shown in FIG when the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in its A or B positions and if it is desired to close the valves 132 and 1JO (FIG. 5) to inhibit the flow of oxygen or fuel to the side tuyeres 28 . If the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is in its position C, oxygen and fuel flow

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to the center nozzles 36 and the ring nozzles 38 of the lateral Blow molding 28. The flow velocities are adjusted by adjusting the sliding contacts 14-3 and 148 of the Potentiometer 14-6 or 148 determined.

The device 70 for measuring and controlling the air flow is shown in Pig * 6, with the line 1.52, which has an opening 154- in its upper flow End and a motorized control valve 156 in its Has flow-wise lower end, is part of the pipeline, which the compressed air source 68 with the solenoid operated valve 72 connects. The measuring and control device 70 (Figure 7) includes an air flow metering device 157 and an amplifier 158. The desired flow rate or flow rate of air in line 152 is reduced by adjusting the Sliding contact 160 of a potentiometer 162 is determined, which is connected to the voltage source + E. The sliding contact 160 (Fig. 6) is connected to one input of the amplifier 158, the other input of which is connected to the output of the Air flow measuring device 157 is connected. The output of amplifier 158 is with the motor driven valve 156 connected. Since the amplifier 158 connects directly to the Potentiometer 162 is connected, the valve 15 & is adjusted so that an air flow through the line 152 generated by the setting of the potentiometer 162 is equivalent to.

The way the system works is best seen from the schematic Diagrams according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in connection with the other representations or drawings understandable. Before the individual operations or functional sequences are described in detail, the basic functions should be described be set out. These are

BATH ORIGINAL 409807/0817

1 «Choosing the right combination of gases for each stage of the fresh process,

2. The guarantee of a smooth transition with every gas change,

3- ensuring that the crucible is never raised to its upright position without that there is sufficient pressure in the bottom blow molds 20,

4. Dis ensure that at all times a sufficient There is pressure in the bottom blow molds and

5- to protect the blow molds 20,28 for the Case that the flow conditions of oxygen or fuel become insufficient.

The first two of the basic functions are achieved by opening and closing the respective solenoid valves 46, 50, 56, 64 and 72, the motor-driven valves 98, 124, 126, 132, 138 and 156. Here takes place the opening and closing of said for each individual ⁱ Vei drive section in dependence on the position of the selector switch 32 which the operator is placed accessible on the control panel of the system.

ι ■.

The selector switch 32- (Fig. 7) is in its position A, the relay coil IL (Fig. 4) is connected to the voltage source E. The excitation of the relay R ^ (Fig. 7) closes the contact R -3 and .connects the coil of the relay R ^. The relay R ^ is designed to respond or respond without delay. to be connected, but only after switching off the power a predetermined delay, as shown in Fig. 7 with the help indicated by the indication TD-OFF. If the relay E ^ is excited, so

409807/0817 ^ßAD

the contact R ^ -1 is closed, which causes the solenoid RUp (Fig. 2,7) <his valve 72 to respond, whereby the valve 72 opens and the entry of compressed air from the source 60 into the central nozzles 22 of the floor Blow molding is permitted 20. This influx of compressed air takes place in accordance with the setting of the sliding contact 160 (Fig. 6) of the potentiometer 161 of the device 70 for measuring and controlling the compressed air. ) oils solenoid Rf-Q (Fig.2,7) connected in Fig. 7-energized, or eiiterregt to the valve 50 (Fig. 2 open) and the nitrogen flow from the source 42 via the orifice 48 (Fig. 2 ) to the bottom ring nozzles 24. The solenoid valves 50 and 46 (Fig. 2) are open in the de-energized state (in contrast to the solenoid valves 72, 56 and 46, which are closed in the de-energized state to ensure that that nitrogen in the central and annular nozzles of the bottom blow molds 20 is present in the event that the supply of electrical or energy or of air breaks down. Thus, should break down the power supply during the FrischvorgangGS and the influx of fuel and oxygen to the Bodcn-Blasfornen 20 interrupted by the closing of the solenoid valves 56 and 64 (Fig. 2) vioi ^"1 to be, so the valves 56 and 50 open immediately while maintaining the pressure in the bottom tuyeres 20, nitrogen replacing oxygen and fuel.

The motor-driven valve 98 (Fig. 3? 3a) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow int is closed when the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) is in its position A, since the heat R ^ _x , ( Fig. 3a) is connected through the closed contact R ^ -1,

WHEEL

409807/0817

whereby the amplifier input is grounded via the contact Έ, ^, ^ - Λ 0? ig * 3). The motor-driven valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4,4a) in the measuring and control devices 54 and 62 (Fig. 4) are also closed, since the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 via the contacts R ^ e ~ 2 and Rx | c-3 of the de-energized relay R ^, - (Fig.4a) are grounded. The relay R ^ ₁ - is de-energized because the contact Έ. ^ - 2 is open and neither the contact Rq-1 nor the contact R ₇ -I are closed.

If the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position B, the relay Rp becomes valid. 7) energized, xro bei the contact Rp-2 closed and the relay Ti _r energized via the normally closed contact Rg-3 of the relay coil Ro. Like the relay R ₇ , the relay R ₁ - (FIG. 7) responds immediately or is connected immediately, but only drops out after a time delay in the de-energized state. The excitation of the coil E ₁ - opens the contacts Rn-1 and R _r -2 (Fig. 7), whereupon the magnetic coils R _n -Q and R ^ g (Fig. 2,7) drop, which the valves 50 and 46 (Fig. 7) caused to open and the flow of nitrogen to the ring nozzles 24 or v /. IHtteldüseuu 22 of the bottom blow molds 20 to allow. The supply of compressed air from the source 68 (Fig. 2) is interrupted by the delayed closing of the valve 72 under the effect of the opening of the contact R ^ -1 (Fig. 7), which is a consequence of the voltage release, the time delay ^ relay R ^ as a result of the opening of the contact R ^, ~ 3.

In the device 44 (Fig. 3) for the boiler and control of the Nitrogen flows is the motorized valve 98 in opened to an extent, which by the setting of the Sliding contact 90 of the potentiometer 92 is determined. There

409807/0817

at the setting of this sliding contact 90 is a consequence of the dropping of the relay IL · ^ (Fig. 3a) and the subsequent opening of the contact R. ^ - 1 (Fig. 3) and the closing of the contact R. ^ - 2. The Seiais (Fig. 3a) is de-energized because in position B the contacts E _x , -Ί, Ep-1 and Eg-1 are open under normal conditions, or represent working contacts.

The transition of the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) from its position B to its position C closes the valves 50 and 46 (FIG. 2) after a time delay which is caused by the opening of the contact R _o -2 (FIG. 7 ) and the delayed dropout of the relay Er is triggered. The relay coil R-, (Fig. 7) is energized, xvobei the contact R-, - 6 is closed and the coil of the relay E, - is connected via the normally closed contact Rq-3 of the relay R ₀ . The relay R, - (Fig. 7) j! Which like the relays R ₁ , and R ^ has a delayed release, closes the contact Rg-1, whereby the solenoids R ^ ß and R ^ (Fig. 2,7 ) are connected, whereby the valves 56 and 6Λ (FIG. 2) are opened in order to allow the flow of oxygen and fuel to the ring nozzles 24 and the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds 20. A smooth transition from nitrogen to fuel and oxygen is ensured since the gases supplied overlap as a result of the delayed drop in relay Rc, whereby the flow of oxygen and fuel is already started before the nitrogen flow is interrupted. ■

Under normal operating conditions, the motor-operated Valve 98 (Fig. 3j3a) closed when the switch

ORIGINAL BATHROOM 409807/081 7

(Fig. 7) is moved to its position C because the relay ■ R-14 (Fig * 3a) is energized, whereby the input of the amplifier 88 (Fig. 3) via the contact R ^ -I and its disconnection from the potentiometer 92 is earthed, whereby the disconnection of the potentiometer 92 under the action of the contact R./p? he follows. The relay R ^ (Fig. Yes) is excited because there are sufficient pressures and flow rates of oxygen and fuel and the contact Iip-1 is closed as a result of the transition of the switch 32- from its position B to its position C (relay R ^, is excited, as explained above, because the contacts R ₀ -I and R, iq-1 are closed, which will be explained in the following.

When the selector switch J2 (Fig. 7) is in its position C, the relay R ^ c (Fig. 4,4a) is also energized via the contacts Rq-2 and H ₃ JI, whereby the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 (Fig. 4) from earth via the contacts R. _r -2 and β. * C_4 to the Sdi leifkontakt of the potentiometer 120 bz-v. ^1st 113 to be convicted. In this way, an oxygen and fuel flow * is generated, the amount of which is determined by the setting of the potentiometers 120 and 113.

The - ^ usv / ahl of the gases can only be carried out if suitable flow conditions are ensured that do not result in damage to the plant. Rotates the operator the selector switch J2 (Fig. 7) from position A. or C to position B and there is nitrogen flow under a predetermined valve, worldiec the contact FS-I (Fig. 3,7) in the nitrogen flow hole 94 (Figo) caused to open, the relay I? .. (Fig. 7) switched voltage-free. Accordingly, the

QAD 409807/0817

Magnet coils IW and Rg ^ (Fig. 2 and 7) via the contacts R _x , ^ -2 and R ,, - 7 energized, whereby the nitrogen and fuel ν entile 56 and 64 (Fig. 2) opened with the effect that these gases flow to the bottom blow molds 20. The relay R ^ ₁ - (Fig. 4,4a) is also energized via the contacts R ^ - 1, R ^, _ 2 and Rq-2 (Fig. 4a) to the oxygen and fuel valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) by connecting the inputs of amplifiers 112 and 122 to potentiometers 120 and 113.

If the operator moves the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) from its position B to its position C and the oxygen flow is below a predetermined valve which causes the contact FS-J (Fig. 4) of the switch 114 to open, so the 'relay .RJ ₀ - (Fig. 7)' is de-energized. Accordingly, the Kagnetspulen R, R g and _n -Q through the opening of the contacts ₇ -I Ri and Rp-2-energized when the relay R _t, (Fig. 2) (Fig. 7) - through the contacts Rq-2 , R _x .-- 6 and Rp-3 is connected. The relay R. ^ (Fig. Yes) is Mpannun ^ G-free, because the opening of the contact ) ~ 1, _Γ -Λ causes the valve 98 (Fin: 3) in a cup to open, which is caused by the setting of the potentiometer 92 is determined. As a result, nitrogen flows through the valves 98 (FIG. 3) and 46 (FIG. 2) to the base nozzle 22 and through the valve 50 to the ring nozzles 24 of the base blow molds 20.

Should by moving the. Selector switch 32 in its position B nitrogen supported verderi and. the flow is insufficient as indicated by opening the contact FS-I (Fig. 3), the oxygen valves 124 (FIG. 4), 56 remain (Fig. 2) and the fuel valves 126 (Fig. 4), 64 (Fig. 2) opened if the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is previously in

0 9 8 0 7/0 8 1 7

its position C. On the other hand, the aforementioned succeed Valves automatically, from their closed to their open position, if the switch 32 was previously was in its position A. In the same way, if the aim is to promote oxygen and fuel as a result of moving the dial 32 into position C with insufficient oxygen flow caused by the Opening of the contact FS-3 is indicated, the nitrogen valves 98 (Fig. 3), 46 (Fig. 2) and 50 open. To this Wise both types of gas, namely nitrogen-nitrogen and supplying oxygen fuel to the bottom tuyeres to maintain sufficient pressure and to prevent molten metal from entering them if a low amount of gas of the selected one Gas in the floor center nozzles 22 has been detected.

If the proper gas flow is restored, the valves associated with the non-selected gases close automatically, while the valves associated with the selected gas remain open. If, for example, switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in its position B and the nitrogen flow has increased sufficiently to close contact FS-1 (FIG. 3), relay R ^ (FIG. 7) is energized , the contact K / i ^ ~ 2 is opened, which leads to the fact that the Hagnebspulen Ri-g and Eg ₁ J, (Fig. 2) are de-energized, which leads to the closing of the valves 56 and 64. Furthermore, the relay R ^ ₁ - (Fig. 4a) by opening the Eon-. clock it R ^ -1 switched voltage-free, whereby the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 (Fig. 4) via the contacts ¹ ^ i5-Ί ^un a R., - 3 are grounded and the valves 124 and 126 are caused to close.

409807/0817

When the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is in its position C ■ and the oxygen flow has increased enough to close the contact FS-3 (Fig. 4-, 7), the relay R ^ ₀ ( Fig. 7) excited in the same way, which leads to the opening of the contact R ₁₀ "" ² , whereby the relay Ec is de-energized and the solenoids B ^ and Ec ₀ ^ ¹ S- ² »7) through the contacts R ^ -2 and B ^ -1 (Fig. 7) are energized, whereupon the valves 46 and 50 (Fig. 2) close. The Eelais E-. (Fig. 3a) is excited by the closing of the contact E ^ q-1, whereby the input of the amplifier 88 (Fig. 3) via the contact E. ^, - 1 and the closing of the valve 98 is switched to ground.

As already mentioned, the basic function is that the crucible or converter 10 is never in a may be brought upright if it is charged with a melt charge, if in the bottom - blow molds 20 there is insufficient pressure. This can happen, for example, when the converter 10 is in the in Fig. 1a and 1c shown positions and the selector switch 32 has assumed its position A and Compressed air is fed to the floor-Hitteldüsen 22.

The control system for actuating the tilting motor 30 (FIG. 8), with the aid of which the PConverter is rotated around the pin, is shown in the bottom of FIG. 7 and in FIG. It contains a switch 163 (FIG. 7) which can be adjusted between the positions "AUTOMATIC ¹¹ " and "Manual operation" and which excites an Eelais coil B «- (FIG. 7), which has a contact E. _7-1 (FIG. 8) which is connected in series with a switch 164 which has "forward", "off" and "reverse" positions the positive terminals of the

409807/081 7

The voltage source and the tilting motor 30 is located, the coil ILg also has a contact Rg-2, which is located between the earthed connection terminal of the voltage source and the motor 30. This relay coil R ^ g is connected to the "forward" position of switch 164. A relay coil R ^ r ₇ (Fig. 7) has a contact R., -, - 1, which is between the connection of the contact R / ig-1 »of the motor 30 and earth. The relay coil R ^ r _{7 also} has a contact Ή. ^ Η-2 between the connection of the contact E / ic-2 with the motor 30 and the positive sides of the voltage source. The coil R ^ r ₇ is connected to the "reverse" position of the switch 164. If the switch 163 (Fig.-7) is in the "manual" position, the relay R. ^ is energized and the tilting motor 30 is operated in the forward direction, including the switch 164 (Fig. 8) on "Forward" is set, whereby the relay R ^, g and the contacts E / ic-1 waü. R ^^ - 2 are excited. The forward direction of movement of the crucible is to be understood as a rotation from the positions as shown in FIGS brought, whereby the relay R ^ r ₇ energized and the contacts R ^ r ₇ -I and H ^ -2. be closed to reverse the polarity of the voltage applied to tilt motor 30 from that applied in the "forward" position of switch -164. The "manual" position of switch 163 (FIG. 7) is used only when converter 10 is being prepared for refining and there is no molten insert in the melting vessel. Thus, normal operation of the switch 163 (FIG. 7) is kept in the "automatic" position.

409807/0817

The crucible or converter 10 must never be raised to the upright position with the selector switch 32 (FIG supplied compressed air has a low pressure. Accordingly, a normally closed contact R ^ -4- (Fig. 7) of the relay R ^. in series with the coil R ^, ■? connected when switch 163 is in the "automatic" position, thereby preventing operation of tilt motor 30 (FIG. 8) when selector switch J2 (FIG. 7) is in its A position. If the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is moved to its position B, sufficient pressure must be exerted from the nitrogen source 4-2 on the center nozzles 22 and the annular nozzles 24 of the bottom blow molds 20 in order to erect the converter 10 in the upright position (Figl 1b) to allow. To ensure that sufficient pressure is actually present before the crucible or converter is tilted, contacts FS-2 and PS-4 (Figs. 2,7) of pressure switches 74 and 78 (Fig. 2) are in series with a relay coil R ₁₂ ( ^Fi S · 7). The contacts PS-2 and PS-4 (Fig.2,7) only close when there is the pressure that is required to move the oven into the upright position shown in Fig. 1b. This pressure must be present in the ring nozzles 24 or the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds. As a result, the relay R ^ (Fig. 7) is only energized under the conditions mentioned. If the relay Rg (Fig. 7) is connected, the contact R ^ -I » ^w & ^{s 2} ^ ¹¹ causes the coil R ^ ₇ to be energized via the closed contact R2-3 of the relay Rp.

The contact R. -, - 2 (Fig. 7) of the relay R ^ _{7 also} closes in order in this way to prevent the relay R. - from falling if the pressure in the bottom blow molds 20 subsequently falls.

409807/08 1 7

• -33-

23378Λ6

takes, whereby the relay R ^ p is de-energized. This is important because it may be necessary to quickly tip the converter 10 on its side in the event of a loss of pressure occurs in the bottom blow molds 20. It is also important that this is done without moving the Switch 163 (Fig. 7) in the "manual operation" position happens. Furthermore is- ', Yer contact R. ^ - 7 (Fig. 7) in parallel connected to contact Rp-3 for lowering of the converter 10 when the switch 32 is in its position G.

The fourth basic function, which is to ensure that there is sufficient pressure in the bottom blow molds 20 is constantly present, is met by devices that automatically nitrogen with the center nozzles 22 and the ring nozzles Connect 24 if fuel and oxygen are used and the pressure of one of these gases should have dropped below a certain point. Also, these establishments perform automatically fuel to the ring nozzles 24 and oxygen to the center nozzles 22 if nitrogen is used and the pressure in either the ring nozzles 24 or the Center nozzles 22 drops below a predetermined value.

It is assumed that the selector switch 32 (Fig.7) is in its position B, so that the relay Rp (Fig.7) is energized and that nitrogen is supplied to the ring nozzles 24 and the central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds. If the pressure in the bottom blow molds 20 falls below a predetermined value, at least one of the contacts PS-1 and PS-3 (Fig. 2,7) closes in the pressure switch 74 or 78 (Fig . 2). It follows that the relay R _g (Fig.7) via the closed contact Rp ~ 4 <3- ^es R ^e lais R ~ and the

409807/0817

Normally closed contact Rq-4 of relay Rq is connected. The energization of relay R _Q (Fig. 7) closes contact Rg-4, energizing relay Rg through contact Rq-3, causing the oxygen and fuel solenoids R ^ g and Rg ₂ , through the Contact Rg-1 can be connected to supply these gases to the bottom blow molds 20. The contact Rg-3 (Fig. 7) also opens, so that the nitrogen _{supply is interrupted after a time delay by the closing of the magnetic coils R 1} -Q and R ^ g, as explained above. This is particularly advantageous since the observed drop in pressure may have been caused by a leak in the nitrogen feed system. The relay Rg (Figure 7) is to prevent the contacts by Rg and R 5 ₂ ~ 5 shielded to the system from automatically switch on nitrogen, np ^ chdem the operating pressure has thereby been restored, that the fuel and Oxygen sources 60 and 52 have taken the place of the nitrogen source 42. The aforementioned circuit arrangement for achieving the round function ITr. 4 can be switched off again by moving the selector switch 32 to position G, whereby the relay R _Q drops out, while the flow of oxygen and nitrogen to the bottom blow molds 20 is maintained.

The valves 124 and 126 (Pig. 4) in the measuring and control devices 54 and 62 for oxygen and fuel are opened as a result of the excitation of the relay 1L (FIG. 4a), which is the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 (Fig. 4) connects to potentiometers 120 and 130 via contacts Rxjc-2 and R. E-4. The relay R, -, - (Fig. 4a) is energized via the contacts Rq-2 and R3-2 and remains energized when the circuit is activated by moving the switch 32 to its position C via the contact R ^ -1 (Fig. 4) switched off

A09807 / 081 7

will. The valve 98 (Pig. 3) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow is closed by the excitation of the relay R ^ ₁ , (Fig. Ja), which is via the contacts Rq-1, ^ s "1 ^{un <} i R ^ q-1 (display sufficient oxygen flow es) and via the contacts Kq-I _f R? " ^ ^{un (i} EQ-1 occurs after switch 32 has been moved to its position C.

If, on the other hand, the selector switch 32 is in its position C, oxygen and fuel are supplied to the bottom blow molds 20 and at least one of the two contacts PS-1 and PS-3 (Fig. 2,7) is closed, the relay Rq ( Fig. 7) connected via the contact R ^ -8 of the relay R, and the contact Rg-6 of the relay R _ß . The excitation of the relay Rq (Fig. 7) causes the closing of the contact Rq-5 »whereby the relay R ₁ - is connected, which in turn means that the solenoids R ^ g and Rcq. (Fig. 2,7) are de-energized are switched, whereby the nitrogen source 42 (FIG. 7) is connected to the bottom blow molds 20. The contact Rq-3 (Fig. 7) also opens, which means that the relay Rg is de-energized after a lateral delay, whereby the fuel and oxygen valves 64 and 56 (Fig. 2) are closed, which leads to this that a leak in the fuel or oxygen system cannot cause a pressure drop. The relay Rq (Fig. 7) is shielded by contacts Rg-6 and R ^ -9 to prevent the system from automatically switching back to oxygen and fuel after the operating pressure has been restored by the nitrogen source 42 ( Fig. 2) in place of the oxygen and fuel sources

409807/0817

60 and 52 occurs. In addition, contacts R3-6 and Rq- ² I- (Fig. 7) prevent either relay Rg or relay Rq from being energized if the other relays have been connected. The circuit can then be turned off by moving the selector switch 32 to its B position, causing the relay Rq to drop out while the nitrogen flow to the bottom tuyeres 20 is maintained.

The valve 98 (Fig. 3) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow is opened by the voltage disconnection of the relay S. ^ (Fig. 3a) when the contact Rq-1 opens, whereby the input of the amplifier 88 (FIG. 3) is connected to the potentiometer 92. The relay R. ^ (Fig. 3a) remains voltage-free after the circuit is triggered by opening the contact Rp-I. The valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) in the devices 54- and 62 for measuring and controlling the oxygen or fuel flow v / ground, as described above, by the voltage-free switching of the relay R ^ t- closed when contact Rq-2 opens. The relay R -, - (Fig. 4a) remains voltage-free and the valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) remain closed after the circuit has been triggered by moving the switch 32 to position B, since the contacts R ^ -2 , Rg-2 and R ₇ -I (Fig. 4a) are all open. After a sufficient pressure has been restored, the system can be switched back to the desired set of gases, using the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) is returned to the corresponding position.

The bottom blow molds 20 can even then be damaged by the supply of oxygen and fuel, whatever the pressure him: eicliend is big enough if the flow velocities or flow rates of oxygen or fuel so fall below a certain value that it becomes

40 9-8 07/0817

"the ring nozzles 24 and the central nozzles 22 can burn. In this pail, which takes on the basic function no. 5 mentioned above, the system automatically switches to nitrogen in the bottom blow molds 20," until the crucible 10 tilts and the Gas supply can be put back in order. It is assumed that the selector switch 32 (Pig. 7) is in its position C, whereby the relays R; ,, Rg, Rr ₇ (Pig. 7) and the solenoids Reg and Rg ₂ (Pig. 2,7 If the flow rate or flow rate of either the oxygen or the fuel or both media should drop below a predetermined value, one or both of the contacts FS-2 (Pig. 4,7) of the oxygen flow switch 114 ( 4) and the contact FS-4 (Pig. 4,?) Of the fuel flow switch 123 (Fig. 4) closed. This closing has the effect that the relay Rq (PiS · 7) via the contacts Rr ₇ - I of the relay Rn as well as R, -8 and Rq-6 are connected to close the contact Rq-5, so that the relay R ^ - connected and the valves 50 and 46 (Fig. 2) are opened so that nitrogen to flows through the ring nozzles 24 and central nozzles 22 of the bottom blow molds 20. In the same way, the contact Rq-3 (FIG. 7) is opened, which disconnects the voltage from the relay is Rg a result after a time delay and the valves 56 and 64 (Fig. 7) caused to close, whereby the flow of oxygen and fuel to the bottom blow molds 20 is stopped. The relay R ₀ (Fig. 7) is shielded via the contacts R ^ -9 and Rq-6 and remains in the energized state until the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) has been moved to its position B, which is the influx of nitrogen "corresponds to the bottom blow molds 20. The relay Rn (FIG. 7) has a time delay characteristic which allows it to be energized only after a predetermined time interval has elapsed

9807 / 08-17

Purpose of preventing the relay R _Q (Fig. 7) from being energized when the switch 32 (Fig. 7) has first been moved to its position C and there is not enough time to build up the flow of oxygen and fuel.

Further protection is provided by the cam switch 166 (Fig. 7) of the crucible or converter 10 offered, which closes when the converter 10 is between the positions shown in FIGS. 1a and 1c. The desk is connected in series with the contacts R ^ -5 £ the relay R ^, to excite the Heiais Rp when the converter is 10 is in its upright position (Fig. 1b) and the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is moved to position A or moves xtfird. In such a case the solenoid would Eng (Fig. 2,7) switched voltage-free and the valve (Fig. 2) can be opened to add nitrogen to the compressed air supplied via valve 72 in position A. will. As a result, sufficient pressure is built up in the bottom central nozzles 22 to allow the molten liquid to enter Prevent metal in the bottom blow molds 20.

From Fig. 9 it can be seen that the invention is also advantageous applied to a "bottom blowing converter or crucible 210" which has bottom blow molds 212 located below the bath surface and further above below the bath surface arranged lateral blow molds 214 and 216 has, which on the carbon monoxide zone of the converter 210 are directed. This bottom blowing converter 210 has a jacket or a skin 218 with a refractory lining 220 is provided. Furthermore, the converter 210 has a mouth opening 222 and is rotatable mounted on pin 224. The blow molds 212, 214 and 216 can be either a single in an inner tube 213

409807/081 7

Gas such as oxygen, air and argon or mixtures of these Lead gases. Through this inner tube 213, powdery Additives are blown into the furnace, which are, for example, a flux (fired Lime or the like) to. a "liquefier (fluorspar or the like.) or steel refiners or deoxidizers (Ferromangsn etc.) can act. Furthermore, the blow molds 212, 214 and 216 have an outer tube 215, 'by plural marriage an envelope gas, such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. can be sprayed into the oven.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the invention can also be advantageously applied to an electric steel mill 210a of the Heroult type, which is provided with a vertical and an inclined bottom blow mold 212a or 212a 'arranged under the badobar surface. The furnace 210a also has side blow molds 214a and 216a located below the bath surface, which are directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace. This electric furnace 210a has a skin or jacket 218a which is provided with a refractory lining 220a, a side door 226 and a refractory lid 228, in the latter electrode openings 2JO are formed. The furnace also has a tap opening 2J2 and a tap channel 234 which extends outwardly from the tap hole 232. The blow molds 212 and 212a ¹ , 214a and 216a contain an inner tube 213 through which either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or mixtures of these gases are blown in. By said iaittleren tubes 21 * 3 pulverulent additives, \ tle flux, condenser, steel stabilizers or deoxidant can be blown into the furnace. Furthermore, the blow molds 212, 212a ¹ , 214a and 216a have an outer tube 215 through which a

409807/0817

Enclosure gas, such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. in the Can be injected into the oven.

In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 11, the invention can advantageously be applied to a steelworks furnace 210b with an open chest (SM furnace) which has bottom blow molds 212b and 212b ¹ arranged vertically and inclined below the bath surface. In addition, lateral blow molds 214b and 216b are provided in the furnace below the bath surface and are directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace 210b. This SM furnace 210b includes a refractory lined floor 236, a refractory lined outwardly sloping rear wall 23S, a refractory lined front wall 240, a greed door 242 in the V / an extension 240, and a refractory lined roof 244. A The tapping hole 232b arranged opposite the charging door 242 leads to a tapping channel 234b. The blow molds 212b, 2i2b ', 214b and 216b lead in an inner tube 213 either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or mixtures thereof or are used to blow in powdery additives, which can consist of fluxes, liquefiers or steel refiners and deoxidizers. Said blow molds also contain an outer tube 215 through which an envelope gas such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. can be sprayed into the oven.

As can be seen from FIG. 12, the invention can also be applied to a tiltable hearth furnace 210c which is mounted on shoulders 246 which are arranged on a circular arc-shaped path to allow the furnace 210c to rotate about its longitudinal axis for the purpose of pouring out the refined steel a tap-hole 232c and a tapping spout 23 ^z! c thereto. As shown in Fig. 12, has the tiltable furnace 210c vertical and inclined below the bath surface disposed ground-Blasforrien 212c or 212c ^1, over a Wi

40 980 77 0817

2337848

are connected to lines 76 and 80 shown in FIG. In addition, lateral blow molds 214c and 216c arranged below the bath surface are provided, which are directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace 210c. The tiltable furnace 210c has a refractory lined floor 236c, a refractory lined rear wall 238c, a refractory lined front wall 24Oc containing a charge door 242c, and a refractory lined roof 244c. The blow molds 212c, 212c ¹ , 214c and 216c carry either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or a gas composed of these gases in an inner tube 213. In addition, powdery additives such as flux, liquefier, steel refiner or deoxidizer can be injected into the furnace through the inner tubes 213. The above-mentioned blow molds also contain an outer tube 215 "through which an enveloping gas, such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. can be injected into the furnace.

13 shows the application of the invention to a mixer 210d for hot use, which has a jacket or an outer skin 2i8d which is provided with a fire-resistant lining 220d and has an individual opening 222d and an outflow channel 234d. The mixer 210d can be pivoted on rollers 246d between a charging and an emptying position. The mixer 21Od has vertical and inclined bottom blow molds 2i2d or 2i2d ^f arranged below the bath surface. In addition, lateral blow molds 214d arranged below the bath surface and lateral blow molds 2i6d are provided which are directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the mixer 210d. The blow molds 2i2d 2i2d ', 214d and 216d contain an inner tube 213 through which either a gas, oxygen, air or argon alone or a mixture of these gases in the'

409807/0817

Oven can be injected. Through said inner tubes 213 powder additives such as flux, Liquefier, steel refiner or deoxidizer in be thrown into the stoves. The aforementioned blow molds also include an outer tube 215 through which Encapsulation gases such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. can be injected into the mixer.

One or more tapping blow molds 32 ¹ ^ (Fig. 9,10,11,12 13) are arranged next to one of the tapping openings shown. These tap openings are the customer 222 (Fig. 9), the tapping channel 234 (Fig. 10), the tapping channel 234b (Fig. 11), the tapping channel 234c (Fig. 12)

and around the tap 234d (Fig. 13). This racking IQ
Blow molds 32 are used to prevent the formation of muzzle rings in or on the tapping orifices, which can develop during pouring. In particular, with the aid of the tapping blow molds mentioned, the formation of chrome-niclcel-scundrums, which occur during the refining of stainless steel, is prevented.

409807/0817

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Device for preventing the ingress of melt and the like into the blow molds when operating a steel extended furnace with at least one blow mold consisting of a central nozzle and an annular nozzle surrounding it, thereby -g e - indicates that selection devices are provided, with the help of which a first or a second Set of gases to be supplied to the blow mold can be selected that gas control devices are provided with their Help gas sources of the first and second set of gases can be connected to the blow mold and that Schalteinrödi lines to connect the selection devices are provided with the gas control devices, 'to selectively the connecting the first or second set of gases to the blow mold depending on the position of a selector switch, the switch means being gas exchange control means with the help of which the flow of one of the two sets of gases can be maintained as long as after the other of the two sets of gases is selected until the flow of the other of the two sets of Has built up gases. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η - ζ e i c h η et that the Gasviechsel-Steuereinricht-ungen Have time delay relays with the help of which the flow of one set of gases continues for a predetermined period of time is sustainable after the other set of gases has been selected. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that g. e k e η η draws that the gas exchange control devices 409807/081 7 - -44- Contain facilities with the help of which the plus des other of the two sets of gases can be measured and the plus of the first set of gases can be maintained as long as until the plus of the other set of gases exceeds a predetermined value. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η - ζ calibrates the gas exchange control devices Contain facilities by which the plus of the second set of gases is measurable and by the first set of gases is replaceable if the plus of the second sentence of gases is below a predetermined value. 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas exchange control device Contains means by which the pressure in the blow mold can be measured and controlled by the selected set of gases is switchable to the other set of gases when the pressure in the blow mold is below a predetermined value. 6. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that g e k e η η that the gas exchange control device contains devices with the help of which the pressure in the Blow shape measurable and switchable from the selected set of gases to the other set of gases when the Pressure in the blow mold is below a predetermined verb. 7. Device for preventing blow mold damage due to insufficient plus of one selected from several gases Gas to the central nozzle, when operating a steel mill with at least one of a central nozzle and a blow mold that surrounds this ring nozzle, so that BATH 40 9807/081 7 by 'g e k e η η ζ eichnets that facilities are provided, with the aid of which either first or second gas sources can be connected to the central nozzle, that devices are provided, with the aid of which either the first or a third gas source can be connected to the ring nozzle are that means are provided with the help of insufficient flow conditions of the first gas to the Central nozzle and the second and third gas of the central nozzle or the ring nozzle can be added, and that devices are provided, with the help of which inadequate! flow conditions of the second gas to the central nozzle er. indirectly and the first gas of the central nozzle and the hanging nozzle can be added. 8. Device according to claim 7 »characterized in that the first gas source with the central nozzle via a first Stromings control device and a first valve is connected and that the first gas source is connected to the ring nozzle via a second flow control device and a second valve is connected that the second gas source is connected to the center nozzle via a third flow control device and a third valve is connected ", and that the third gas source is connected to the ring nozzle via a fourth flow roller device and a fourth valve connected is. 9. Device according to claim 7 »characterized by g e k e η η, that devices are provided with the help of which a flow condition can be determined in which the pressure of the first, second or third gases is insufficient, these devices being first and second Have pressure measuring devices that are connected to the central nozzle or the annular nozzle for the purpose of measuring the gas pressure in the same are connected. 4Q9807 / Q817 , -46- 10. Device according to claim 9 »characterized geke η η ζ eichnet _} that devices are provided with the help of which the second and third gas in the central nozzle or the ring nozzle can be replaced when the pressure of the selected first gas is insufficient, this being Means includes means for connecting the first and second pressure measuring means to the third and fourth valves and in that the first and fourth valves open to permit flow of the second and third flux, respectively, when that of the first or second Pressure measuring device measured pressure is below a predetermined value. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that a first delay device is provided, with the aid of which the first and second pressure measuring devices with the first and second valve is connectable, wherein the first and the second valve close after a predetermined delay time to -to prevent the flow of the first pressure medium when the measured by the first or second pressure measuring device Pressure is below a certain value. 12. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that devices are provided with the aid of which the flow of the first gas to the central nozzle and the annular nozzle is replaceable if the pressure of the selected second or third gas is insufficient, as well as in that means for connecting the first and second pressure measuring means are provided with the first and second valves, the first and the second valve opens to allow the flow of the first gas to the center nozzle and ring nozzle when that of the first or second pressure measuring device measured truck. 409807/0817 is below a certain value. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that second delay devices are provided with the aid of which the first and second pressure measuring devices can be connected to the third and fourth valve, the third and fourth valve closing after a predetermined time around the I ¹ IuJB To prevent the second or third gas when the pressure measured by the first or second pressure measuring device is below a predetermined value. 14. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the device for determining a Flow condition in which the flow rate or the flow rate of the first or second flux is insufficient, first and second flow switches in the first and third flow control devices sits. 15. The device according to claim 1 ² J-, characterized in that the devices for adding the second and third gas to the Mtteldüse or the Einäüse in insufficient flow of the selected first gas contain devices which the first flow switch -with the connect the third and fourth valves, the third and fourth valves opening to permit flow of the second and third gases, respectively, when the flow measured by the first flow switch is below a predetermined value. 16. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that g e k e η η that the devices for adding the first gas to the medium nozzle or the hanging nozzle when the flow conditions of the second gas are inadequate 409807/0817 included, which connect the second flow switch to the first .Fluß switch and the second valve, wherein the first and second valves open to permit the flow of the first gas when that of the second flow switch is off measured flow is below a certain value. 17- device according to claim 14, characterized in that devices are provided with whose help inadequate flow conditions of the third gas can be determined, a third flow switch in the fourth flow control device included, and in that devices are provided with their help the second and third flow switches are connectable to the first and second valves to control the first gas in the Replace the central nozzle and the hanging nozzle when the flow conditions of the second or third gas are insufficient, the first and second valves opening to to allow the flow of the first gas when the flow measured by the second or third flow switch is below a predetermined value. 18. Device according to claim.17, characterized in that a second delay device is provided, with the help of which the first and third flow switch is connectable to the third and fourth valve, the third and fourth valve closes after a predetermined delay time to prevent the flow of the second and third gases if the flow measured by the second or third flow switch is below a predetermined value. 19 · Device according to claim 7j, characterized in that devices are provided with 409807/081 7 their help optionally a fourth gas source with the central nozzle is connectable. 20. Device according to .Anspruch 19, characterized by g e k e η η that the first gas source with the central nozzle via a first flow control device and a first valve is connected and that the first gas source is connected to the annular nozzle via a second flow control device and a second valve is connected and that the second flow source is connected to the central nozzle via a third flow control device and a third valve is connected and that the third flow source is connected to the annular nozzle via a fourth flow control device and a fourth Valve is connected, the fourth gas source with the central nozzle via a iifth flow control device and a fifth valve is connected. 21. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that nitrogen as the first gas the second gas is oxygen, the third gas is a fuel such as natural gas, propane and butane, and that the fourth gas one of the gases air, nitrogen and argon is used. 22. Device for controlling the operation of a tiltable Steel mill furnace with at least one of a central nozzle and a blow mold that surrounds this ring nozzle, characterized in that first flow control devices and first valves, third flow controllers, and third valves as well fifth flow control devices and fifth valves are provided to the first, the second and the fourth Connect gas source to the center nozzle, that second flow control devices and second valves as well 40980 7/0817 fourth flow measuring devices and fourth valves are provided to the first gas sources and a third respectively To connect gas source with the ring nozzle, that first and second pressure measuring devices with the medium nozzle or the Ring nozzle are connected to measure the pressure of the gases therein and that a selector switch is provided, the one has first, second and third positions, the first position having the fifth and second valves is connected to connect the fourth and third gas sources to the central nozzle and the inlet nozzle, respectively, the second position with the first and second valve connected to the first gas source with the medium nozzle and the To connect the inlet nozzle and wherein the third position is connected to the third and fourth valve to the to connect the second and third gas source with the central nozzle and the ring nozzle, respectively. 23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that a first relay is provided, which the first flow control device and the • connects the selector switch to the third and fourth valve, to open the third and fourth valves to allow the flow of the second and third gases to occur when the first Flow control device averages that the flow of the first flux is below a certain value and the selector switch is in its second or third position is. 24. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that a second relay is provided, to connect the third flow control device and the selector switch to the first and second valve, to open the first and second valve to allow the flow 409807/0817 of the first gas occurs when the third flow control device determines that the flow of the second flux is below a predetermined value and the selector switch is is in its second or third position 25. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that a drive device for tilting of the steel mill is provided and that motor-driven Devices are connected to the drive device, the motor-driven devices with the first and second pressure measuring means and the selector switch are connected to the rotation of the steel mill from one essentially horizontal position. in an upright position only to be allowed if there is sufficient pressure in the blow mold and the selector switch is in its second position or third position. 26. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that g e k e η η - indicates that the first, third, fourth and fifth flow control devices are each a flow measuring device contains, with the help of which an output voltage can be generated, the flow of the gas through the flow control device corresponds to, as well as the fact that. a motorized valve in series with the associated valves is arranged to control the flow of gas to the blow mold even further that a potentiometer with a sliding contact, provided for setting the desired flow rate or flow rate and that an amplifier is provided which has a first input which is connected to the output of the flow measuring device is connected, while the second input is connected to the sliding contact of the potentiometer and the 409807/0817 23378A6 Output of the amplifier is connected to the motor-driven valve, the valve being effective when the output voltage of the flow measuring device differs from the voltage at the sliding contact of the potentiometer . 27. Device according to claim 26, characterized in that the first flow measuring device a first flow switch, which is connected to the output of the flow measuring device, that the flow switch changes its state when the voltage at the output of the flow measuring device has reached a predetermined value corresponds to the fact that a flow control relay is provided which connects the second input of the amplifier with the sliding contact of the potentiometer when the Eelais De-energized and connected to earth when the Eelais is energized, whereby the relay is energized and the motorized valve closes when the Selector switch is in its first position, or when the first or second pressure measuring devices have a indicate low pressure in the blow mold when the selector switch is in its second position. 28. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the third and fourth flow measuring devices each contain second and third flow switches, each with the outputs of the associated flow measuring devices are connected, the second and third flow switches changing state when the Voltage at the outputs of the associated flow measuring devices corresponds to predetermined values that a flow control relay the second inputs of the amplifier connects the third and fourth control devices to the sliding contacts of the associated potentiometers, 409807/081 7 when the relay is energized, and connects to earth when the Eelais is de-energized, whereby the relay is de-energized is switched and the motor-driven valve is in the third and fourth flow control device closes when the first or second pressure measuring device indicates a low pressure in the blow molds or when the second or third foot switch indicates that the flow of the second or third gas is below a predetermined value. 29. Device for preventing blow mold damage as a result of insufficient flow conditions in the blow mold for proper operation of a converter when operating a converter with at least a thinner in the converter base and a blow mold arranged in a side wall, wherein;} each blow mold consists of a central nozzle and an annular nozzle surrounding it consists, characterized in that devices are provided with which optionally nitrogen, oxygen and air sources can be connected to the central nozzle of each blow mold, that devices are provided with the aid of which oxygen sources with the central nozzle of the lateral blow mold and a fuel source with the ring die of the blow mold side can be connected, that means are provided, with the aid of inadequate nitrogen flow conditions in the bottom-blow mold recognizable and oxygen of the central nozzle and the annular nozzle fuel of the bottom-blow molding can be supplied to _t and in that means vo are intended, with which inadequate oxygen or fuel flow conditions can be determined and in their place nitrogen can be supplied to the central nozzle and the annular nozzle of the bottom blow mold. 50 · Device according to claim 29, characterized in that devices are provided with the help of which an operating state can be determined in which the pressure of the nitrogen, oxygen or fuel in 40980 7/0817 the Bo & en blow mold is inadequate, with these facilities contain first and second pressure measuring devices, which are connected to the middle and the ring-shaped nozzle of the bottom blow mold, to the gas pressure present in each case to eat. 31. Method of operating a tiltable fresh steel converter with at least one blow mold consisting of a central nozzle and an annular nozzle surrounding it, characterized in that the converter is tilted into a suitable horizontal, first and second gases are blown under predetermined pressure through the central and annular nozzle of the blow mold, one in the charge placed in the converter is melted, the pressure of the gases injected through the central nozzle is increased, the converter is brought into an upright position, oxygen and fuel through the center nozzle and the Ring nozzle is injected, while the blowing of the first and second gases through the nozzles continues that the flow of the first and second gases through the nozzles of the blow mold is stopped until the batch has been refined is that first and second gases are blown through the central nozzle and the annular nozzle while blowing of oxygen and fuel is continued through the center nozzle or the ring nozzle, the supply of oxygen and Fuel to the nozzles of the blow mold is cut off, the converter is tilted into a suitable horizontal position the pressure of the gases blown through the blow mold is reduced and the refined steel is removed from the converter is deducted. 32. The method according to claim 31 j characterized j that compressed air or stick as the first gas 409807/0817 substance and nitrogen is used as the second gas, 33. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized marked that the blow mold a bottom blow mold placed under the bath surface, is a side blow mold or a side blow mold arranged below the bath surface, which directed at the carbon monoxide zone above the iron melt is. 34-. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 30, characterized characterized in that the steelworks vessel is a bottom-blowing converter, an electric arc furnace, an open chest furnace, a tilting open chest oven or around a mixer for hot use. 35- The method according to claim 31 or 32, characterized g e k ennz shows that it is with the blow mold around a bottom blow mold arranged under the bath surface, a lateral blow mold arranged under the bath surface or a lateral blow mold that targets the KoIilenstoffmonoxyd zone is directed above the molten iron. 36. The method according to claim 31 »32 or 35» thereby g e k e η η ζ e i. c h η e t that the steelworks vessel is a bottom-blowing converter, an electric arc furnace en, an open chest freshener, a tilting open chest freshener, or a mixer for hot use. 37. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, 33 or 3 ² J marked ei chnet that the blow mold is one that is in the vicinity of a development 409807/0817 ■ -56- receiving opening of the steelworks vessel is arranged, the formation of muzzle bear in the opening area during the To prevent emptying of the vessel. 38. The method according to any one of claims 31 »32, 35 and 36, characterized in that the blow mold is one that is in the area of a Removal opening is arranged to prevent the formation of muzzle rings in the opening area during emptying of the vessel to prevent. 409807/081 7