DE2337846C2 - Device and method for regulating a gas injection process into a steelworks vessel - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method to operate this device.

In conventional steel refining, oxygen is blown into the melting vessel through a lance which is arranged above the iron or steel melt. Although this procedure works for a number of If it is satisfactory for the purposes of this, the Baddiirch mix is not complete enough to meet higher demands to suffice. In the known method, for example, relatively high iron losses have to be accepted and becomes only a part of that which emerges from the lance Oxygen used. An improved steel refining process works with oxygen from below is blown into the bath surface, which results in better bath mixing and on top of that a better degree of efficiency and less smoke development than with the conventional method As a result, laterally arranged blow molds can also be used in this improved process which are arranged above the melt for the purpose of additional oxygen supply.

A converter or crucible provided for carrying out this improved method is designed to be tiltable and has a refractory lining, as well as a vessel bottom, from a plurality of nozzles is penetrated Each nozzle consists of a core tube, through which the oxygen during the freshness period of the process flows through it and also from a jacket tube which is concentric with said core tube surrounds. A gas, which is used to cool the core tube, is fed through this jacket tube.

Even though oxygen flows through the core tube during the refining process, they are different Combinations of gases required during other parts of the refining process. These other gases or gas mixtures are used for cleaning

ίο as well as for cooling the nozzles and during others Process sections used to which the assessment the converter or crucible, taking samples from the melt produced and pouring it of the converter after the steel has been refurbished.

is also in that section of the procedure in which the converter or crucible in one to carry out the If the appropriate position is transferred in the following operation, certain gases or gas mixtures are used. If the crucible is in an inclined position during pouring, sampling and pouring is located, the nozzles are protected from melting by letting gases such as compressed air pass through the core tubes are fed while low pressure nitrogen through the jacket tubes is fed. When the melting vessel to run of freshening is erected in its upright position, the pressure in the nozzles must can be increased to ensure that no molten metal enters the nozzles that would become one Blocking the openings and corrosive attack of the slag on the blow mold leads. While This section of the refining process can use the compressed or pressurized air by under relatively high Replace pressurized nitrogen.

J5 After the converter has been erected and under a Has been arranged a vent that removes the gases, the refining is carried out in such a way that Oxygen in the core tubes takes the place of nitrogen and that a fuel in the jacket tubes takes the place of nitrogen. During freshening, the pressure must be high enough to prevent clogging of the To prevent nozzles or damage to them through contact with highly corrosive slag. if When the freshening is finished, nitrogen under high pressure takes the place of the oxygen and the converter is inclined or tilted in order to take a sample or empty the finished one Allow batch. During sampling or tapping, compressed air occurs or under low

so pressurized nitrogen in place of the high pressure nitrogen in the core tubes, in this way to contaminate the area around the tank to prevent, because at this point the convex mouth is no longer under the fume cupboard.

From this brief outline of the bottom-blowing steel refining process it is clear that in the nozzles always then a sufficient gas pressure and a sufficient gas flow must be maintained when the nozzles covered by molten metal to get on

do this way the penetration of the molten material in the nozzles or in the gas pipes. Should such a penetration of melt or slag occurs anyway, with serious damage to the technical equipment and on top of that

b5 with serious injuries among the operating crew to be expected. For this reason there is a need for an effective control or control device, the erection of the crucible only then

jammed when there is a suitable gas pressure in the nozzles. Such a protective device should also be provided ensure that there is sufficient pressure and gas flow in the nozzles at all times. In addition, care must be taken that with each gas change a gentler or smoother Transition of one gas / to another takes place.

From DE-PS 17 58816 a device for Introduction of various jacket gases during the refining process with oxygen is known. This device consists of an oxygen feed line to the core tubes and various feed lines for the Casing pipes. Different jacket gases can be selected depending on the blowing conditions required. Furthermore, the inflow to the jacket pipes can be adjusted via flow meters and regulating valves.

Check valves are also used to protect against the ingress of oxygen into the gas system provided in each jacket gas supply line. The type of control of the fresh gas supply is not separate described. The type of setting for the various combinations is also not described. It it is to be assumed that both, depending on the occurring or the desired operating conditions, manually must be adjusted, the success of which depends on the skill and experience of the operating staff depends. This is particularly problematic when using a fresh gas combination another is switched, since sufficient pressure must always be maintained to allow penetration to prevent the liquid melt from corroding or burning off the nozzles. Furthermore is it is not evident from this publication that oxygen can also be replaced by other gases, when the converter is in a tilted position.

The application is therefore based on the object of a device and a method for regulating a Design the gas injection process in a steelworks vessel in such a way that even when the operating modes are changed there is always sufficient pressure and gas flow at the nozzles

This task is designed according to the characterizing features of the main claim Device or solved by the method according to claim 26.

The arrangement of the gas exchange control device ensures a smooth transition from a gas combination reached on the other.

Advantageous refinements of the device according to the invention are set out in subclaims 2 to 2i evident. It is particularly advantageous to control the flow of a first gas combination when switching by means of a Maintaining time delay relay according to claim 2. Furthermore, it is advantageous to use flow rates. Provide pressure gauges with the help of which an unintentional pressure drop can be determined and another Gas combination can be switched on immediately. The selection of the suitable gas combinations for the various According to a preferred embodiment, stages of the fresh process are carried out with the aid of a selector switch, which has different positions for the different operating states

The use of the device according to the invention for a tiltable steelworks vessel is particularly advantageous according to claim 22, since here an exact, predictable transition between the individual operating modes It is particularly important to prevent toxic gases from being blown out in an inclined position or a hazard of the operating personnel must be prevented. Claims 26 and 27 relate to one particularly

^Λ > advantageous mode of operation of the device according to the application in a tiltable fresh steel converter. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it

ίο Fig. la to Ic schematic representations of the converter production with different positions of the selector switch,

F i g. 2 is a diagram of the system for controlling the operation of the steel refining vessel, F i g. 3 and 3a details of the device for controlling the nitrogen flow,

F i g. 4 and 4a the device for controlling the flow of oxygen and fuel to the bottom nozzles, F i g. 5 the device for controlling the flow of oxygen and fuel to the side nozzles,

F i g. 6 the device for controlling the air supply to the floor nozzles,

F i g. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the system, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive motor to tilt the crucible,

9 shows a vertical section through a bottom blower Oxygen crucible, with a pair of bottom nozzles arranged below the bath surface, a pair below Side nozzles arranged on the bath surface and a pair of nozzles pointing to the carbon-monoxide zone can be seen of the melting vessel are directed,

Fig. 10 is a vertical section through an electron Electric arc furnace for steelworks with one vertical and one inclined below the bath surface Bottom nozzles a pair of side nozzles located below the bath surface and a side nozzle those on the carbon-monoxide zone of the melting vessel is directed,

F i g. 11 is a vertical section through an open chest steel mill furnace with one vertical and one inclined floor nozzle arranged below the bath surface, a floor nozzle arranged below the bath surface

4 ^r > arranged side nozzle and another side nozzle which is directed to the carbon-monoxide zone of the melting vessel,

Fig. 12 is a vertical section through a tiltable Steel furnace with open chest with one vertical and one inclined below the bath surface Floor nozzle: a side nozzle and nozzles that are arranged below the bath surface the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace is directed, and

13 shows a vertical section through a vibrating relocatable mixer for warm use, each with a vertical mixer arranged under the bath surface and inclined nozzle, a pair of side nozzles and one disposed below the bath surface

ω nozzle pointing to the carbon monoxide zone of the mixer is directed

The freshness process

As shown in Fig. La, Ib. Ic and 2 take b5 a crucible or converter 10 in the course of refining a batch of pig iron to steel occupies a number of different positions. F i g. 1 a shows the position of the Converter 10 during charging and tapping,

ίο

Fig. Ib shows the position of the converter during the actual fresh process and Fig. Ic shows the position of the converter during sampling from the freshly melted bath. The crucible 10 has a steel skin or a steel shell 12 having an ^r> refractory lining 14 and a refractory floor 16, which is arranged on a steel bottom plate eighteenth The nozzle 20 (FIGS. 1 a to 1 c, 2) arranged in the floor each have a core tube 22 and a jacket tube 24, which is arranged concentrically around the core tube 22. These bottom nozzles 20 are preferably arranged on one side of the bottom 16 and perpendicular to the axis AA (FIG. 2) of the pin 26 about which the crucible 10 is tilted. In addition to the bottom nozzle 20, lateral nozzles 28 (FIG. 2) can be provided in the wall of the crucible 10 in order to accelerate the conversion of the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide above the molten bath.

The time sequence of the running at a normal refining process steps sawn M starts while the crucible is in the position shown in Fig. La position 10, wherein a selector switch 32 (F ig. 7) is in its position A. In the position A, pressurized air or low pressure nitrogen standing the core tubes 22 of the nozzles 20 supplied currency 2-> rend the casing pipes 24 are fed with nitrogen. The pressure of the gases in the core tubes 22 and the jacket tubes 24 is 0.68 to 1.37 bar and 4.12 to 6.18 bar, respectively. The crucible 10 is heated in a suitable manner and a batch consisting of scrap and pig iron is used while the furnace is in the position shown in FIG. la shown tilted position is.

Next, the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) is moved to its position B with the effect that nitrogen under a pressure between 3.92 and 6.86 bar in the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 takes the place of compressed air The crucible 10 is brought into its upright position around the pin 26 with the aid of a motor 30 (FIG. 8), which is shown in FIG. The higher pressure prevailing in the core tube 22 prevents the charge from entering the nozzle, which could possibly lead to clogging or other damage to the nozzles 20. Before reaching the in F i g. 1 b, no oxygen is introduced into the furnace, since harmful gases can be blown into the air surrounding the crucible 10 as long as the same is in a tilted position and not below the hood 34. The harmful gases come from the reaction of oxygen with the melt. With the converter mouth under the trigger 34, the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position C.

As a result, pure oxygen takes the place of nitrogen in the core tubes of the bottom nozzles and a fuel, such as propane, takes the place of nitrogen in the jacket tubes 24. During freshening , the fuel serves as a sheathing or cooling gas to prevent the lateral nozzles 28 from being interrupted. The crucible 10 is then rotated into its in Fig. Ic supplied position and the switch placed in its position A 32, whereby under low pressure nitrogen or compressed air instead of the high-pressure nitrogen into the core tubes 22 occurs. In this position, in which the bottom nozzles 20 are usually not below the melt, samples of the refined steel are taken to determine whether refining is complete. If the sampling provided a satisfactory result, the selector switch 32 (F ig. 7) in its position B moves and the crucible rotated position shown in its in Fig. La 10 is brought whereupon the selector 32 in its position A. A stopper 40 (FIGS. 1 a to 1c, 2) is removed from a side wall of the crucible 10 and the steel runs out of the furnace through the opening created as a result of the removal of the stopper 40. Optionally, the steel can also be poured over the edge of the furnace mouth or the converter mouth. If the sampling has produced an unsatisfactory result, further freshening can be carried out by returning the converter to its upright position and repeating the sampling again.

Converter gas feed system

F i g. 2 shows in a schematic representation how the various gases required to operate the crucible 10 are connected to the nozzles 20 and 28 of the crucible. It can be seen that a nitrogen source 42 via a device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow and via a valve 46 (2) which by means of a magnetic coil Λ <(, (Fig. 2,7) with the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 is connected. the source 42 is also provided with a throttle opening 48 (g F i. 2), which serves to control the flow Additionally, the source (42) via a valve 50, which by means of a solenoid /? _w (Fig. 2.7) is operable connected to the jacket tubes 24 of the bottom nozzles 20. An oxygen source 52 (Fig. 2) is via a device 54 (Fig. 2.4) for measuring and controlling the oxygen Flow and via a valve 56 (Fig. 2), which is excited by means of a magnetic coil /? «, (Fig. 2, 7) is connected to the core tubes 22. The oxygen source 52 is connected to a flow measuring device 58 ( 2, 5) also connected to the side nozzles 28 which are arranged in the side wall of the converter 10. A fuel source 60 (Fig .2) is via a device 62 (F i g. 2, 4) for measuring and controlling the fuel flow and connected to the jacket pipes 24 via a valve 64 (2), which can be actuated with the aid of a magnetic coil (FIGS. 2 and 7). This source 60 is also connected to the side nozzles 28 via a device 66 for measuring and controlling the fuel flow . In addition, there is a compressed air source 68 (FIG. 2) via a device 70 ( FIG. 2, 6) for measuring and controlling the air passage and via a solenoid valve

Pressing the melting of the bottom nozzles 20 and 60 (Fig. 2) with the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 protection for the converter bottom 16. In this position connected. As a fuel source 60 may each be geeigne- serve oxygen and fuel into the Kernroh- te medium such as propane, natural gas or re 36 and in the mantle tubes 38 of the lateral nozzles 28 oil for a sufficient cooling effect has Except fed to the can under low pressure standing Nitrogen After the freshening is complete, the switch 32 65 will take the place of the compressed air, if it is moved back to its position B in an advantageous manner (FIG. 7), whereby the pressure is considered.

Gases in the bottom nozzles 20 are replaced by nitrogen. A pressure switch 74 (Fig. 2) with electrical convolutions and the flow of oxygen and fuel clocks PV-1 and PS-2 (Figs. 2 and 7) is with the A coat-

pipes 24 via lines 76 (Fig. 2) connected. A pressure switch 78 having contacts PS-3 and PS-4 (Figs. 2 and 7) is connected to the core tubes 22 via line 80. Contacts MS-! and PS-3 are open under normal pressure conditions, but are closed when the pressure drops below a predetermined value. The cones PS-2 and PS-A are closed under normal pressure conditions, but are opened when the pressure drops below a predetermined value.

The following table contains a list of the gas combinations or gas mixtures that make up the Core tubes 22 and the jacket tubes 24 of the bottom nozzles 20 are fed.

Position of Core tubes (22) of the Jackets (24) Selector switch Floor nozzles 20 of the liodcn nozzles 20 A. Compressed air or nitrogen Nitrogen un ter low pressure B. nitrogen nitrogen C. oxygen fuel

The device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow (FIG. 2.3) is shown in detail in FIG. 3 shown. The illustrated cylindrical conduit 82 forms part of the conduit which the nitrogen source 42 with the solenoid valve 46 connects. An opening 84 (FIG. 3) is in the upper end in terms of flow of the line section 82 arranged and a conventional flow measuring device 86 with a Voltage output, that of the flow rate or the flow rate of nitrogen through the opening 84 is proportional, is connected to the opening 84. Such devices are commercially available and therefore do not need to be explained in more detail.

The output of the flow measuring device 86 is connected to one input of an amplifier 88 (FIG. 3), while the other input of the amplifier 88 via a normally open contact /? M-1 of a relay Au (FIG. 3a) and via a normally closed contact Äm-2 (Fig. 3) of a relay R ^ is connected to ground via the adjustable arm 90 of a potentiometer 92. A normally open contact of a relay shall be defined as such a contact that is open as long as the relay is not energized. Such contact is shown parallel vertical line one another in the drawing by two spaced, while a normally closed contact is such a contact, which is closed in the excited state to represent such a: contact used in the drawing, two parallel [distance from one another extending Vertical lines with a solid diagonal line. The coil of each relay and the relay as such are designated in the following by the letter "Ä" with an identification index. Each relay contact is identified by the relay designation, followed by the number assigned to the contact

The potentiometer 92 (FIG. 3) lies between a reference potential + E and earth, while a nitrogen flow switch 94 is connected to a contact FSA with the output of the flow measuring device 86. The contact FS- \ is under normal flow conditions of nitrogen closed but is open when the flow drops below a predetermined value. The foot switch 94 (Fig. 3) is provided with an adjustment knob%, by means of which he advertising adjusted to that flow rate and flow rate ^r, the can, in which the closing of the contact FS-I (Fig. 3, 7) take place target. The function or mode of action of the flux switch b / .w. Flux relay 94 and the contact FS- \ will be explained below. The output of the amplifier 88 is connected to a motorized valve 98 (Fig. 3) which is used for continuous control of the amount of nitrogen flow through the line 82 to the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 in response to the signals at its input cares.

r> Fig. 3a shows a control circuit for the operation of the relay i? _i4 . As shown, the relay /? ,, is connected to a voltage source F either via a first conductor path, which consists of a normally open contact /?, - l of a relay R, (Fig. 7) or connected via a second conductor path, which in series arrangement contains normally closed contacts Rt-] (Fig.3), normally closed contacts Ri-] or normally open contacts Rs-] and a normally open contact Rm-I. The operation of this circuit will be described in greater detail in connection with FIG. If the relay /? U (FIG. 3a) is deenergized, the comparison potential on arm 90 (FIG. 3) of potentiometer 92 is compared with the prevailing flow measurement that is present at the output of flow measuring device 86. The arm 90 of the potentiometer 92 is set to a value which corresponds to the desired flow rate or flow rate of the nitrogen into the core tube 22. If it turns out that the intended and actual flow velocities b / .w. Flow rates match, the motor-driven valve 98 (FIG. 3) remains unchanged in its position. If the flow rate or flow rate of nitrogen through the line 82 is to be changed, the arm 90 of the potentiometer 92 is adjusted in such a way that a voltage difference is generated between the inputs of the amplifier 88, with the result that the valve 98 is opened or closed is, whereby the flow rate or flow rate of nitrogen to the core tubes. If the relay /? U (FIG. 3a) is energized, an input of the amplifier 88 is connected to ground potential via the contact /? Ul (FIG. 3), whereby the amplifier 88 is caused to close the motor-driven valve 98 To take position.

F i g. 4 shows details of the device 54 for measuring and controlling the oxygen flow and the device 62 for measuring and controlling the fuel flow. In this figure, the line 100 represents part of the pipeline which connects the oxygen source 52 and the solenoid valve 56 to one another. An opening 102 (FIG. 4) is between the upper end of the line 100 in terms of flow and a device bo for measuring the oxygen flow which is connected to the opening 102 In an analogous manner to the device 86 for measuring the nitrogen flow, the oxygen flow measuring device 104 generates a voltage which is proportional to the amount of oxygen flowing through the opening 102 of the line 106, (FIG. 2, 4) which connects the fuel source 60 (FIG. 2) to the solenoid valve 64 , an opening 108 is provided which is connected to the

Fuel flow meter 110 is connected. As in the case of nitrogen flow meter 86, oxygen flow meter 104 and fuel flow meter are also used 119 formed in a conventional manner

The output of the oxygen flow meter 104 is connected to an input of an amplifier 112 (Fig. 4) having one end of a potentiometer 113 and an oxygen flow switch 114 which has an adjustment knob (116) and a pair of normally open contacts FS- 2 and FS-3 (Figs. 4, 7). These contacts are closed when the flow rate or flow rate has been reached that has been set with the aid of the button 116. The other input of the amplifier 112 (Fig. 4) is via a normally closed contact Λ15-Ι of a relay Au (Fig. 4) ) connected to earth. Furthermore, the last-mentioned output of the amplifier 12 is connected to an adjustable arm M8 ( FIG. 4) of a potentiometer 120 via a normally open contact /? I5-2 of a relay R ^. In the same way, the output of the fuel flow measuring device 110 is connected to an input of an amplifier 122 (FIG. 4) and to a fuel flow switch will. that a fuel flow is generated which is 8% of the oxygen flow is the actual flow rates or flow velocities differentiate from the potentiometer setpoints who the control valves 124 and 126 (Fi g. 4) operated to to change the flow rates. Thus, the operation of the devices 54 and 62 for measuring and controlling of the oxygen or fuel flow is essentially the same as in the case of the device 44 for measuring

to and control the nitrogen flow.

As Figure 5 shows, the components and modes of operation of the device 58 for control and Control of the oxygen flow and the device 66 for controlling and monitoring the fuel flow scs, which the nozzles 28 with oxygen or fuel supply, essentially the same as in the devices 54 and 62. In the device 58 for The line 128 (FIG. 5) is used to measure and control the oxygen flow. what an opening 130 at its upper end in terms of flow and a mo torgetriebcncs control valve 132 has in its lower fluidic end to open the line which the Oxygen source 52 connected to the core tubes 36 of the side nozzles 28 It is the same;

connected ter 123, which has an adjustable button 25 on line 134 (Fig. 5), which has an opening: 125 and a normally open contact FS-4 136 in its flow-wise upper end and a mo-

gate valve 138 has in its lower fluidic end to part of the line which the fuel source 60 and the jacket pipes 38 of the since

(Fig.4, 7) has. This contact is closed when the flow rate or the flow rate has been reached, which can be set with the aid of the button 125

has been set. The other entrance of the Vestär- 30 borrowed nozzles 28 connects. An oxygen flow

Ker 122 is connected to ground via a normally closed contact A sharp-3 (Fig. 4). Furthermore, this input is connected to an adjustable arm of a potentiometer 113 via a normally open contact Rm-A. The output of the amplifier 122 is connected to a motorized valve 124 (FIG. 4) which is arranged in the line 100. The output of amplifier 122 is connected to a motorized valve 126 in line 106.

The relay coil Ki ₅ (Fig.4a) is connected to the voltage source E via a normally closed contact Rq-2 , which is connected in series to a network consisting of normally closed contacts Ri-I and R arranged in series. \ , which are parallel to the normally open contacts Λ «-2 and Aii-1. The purpose of these contacts is explained in connection with the schematic diagram shown in FIG. For the purpose of explaining the mode of action and mode of operation of the units 54 and 62 for measuring and controlling the oxygen and fuel flows, it is sufficient for the time being that the relay R \ 5 is energized in order to connect the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 (F i g. 4) to detach them from their connection to earth and to connect them to the arms of potentiometers 120 and 113, respectively. This loosening and connecting always takes place when oxygen and fuel are to be supplied to the nozzles.

The adjustable arms 118,118 'of potentiometers 120 and 113 set in such a way that they achieve the desired flow rates or flow rates guarantee. For example, the potentiometer 120 can be set in such a way that an oxygen flow in an amount of 840 to 980 Nm '/ min cr / .cugl the potentiometer 113 is and can be set in this way Measuring device 140 and a fuel flow measuring device 142 are provided with openings 130 and 136> connected to produce output voltages corresponding to the flow rates of oxygen and fuel, respectively on lines 128 and 134 are proportional. The output of the oxygen flow meter 140 ¹ (FIG. 5) is connected to one input of an amplifier 144 and to the end of a potentiometer 146, the other end of which is connected to ground. The other The input of the amplifier 124 is connected to earth via a normally closed relay contact or break contact R, -2 and to the adjustable arm or sliding contact 143 of a potentiometer 14 ″ via a normally open relay contact or

4 ^r . Normally open contact /? J-3 (Fig. 5) connected. The potentiometer 148 is connected to the voltage source + E. In the same way, the output of the fuel flow measuring device 142 is connected to an input of an amplifier 150, the other input of which

r> o gear connected via a break contact RyA (Figure 5) to ground and via a working contact Ry5 with a sliding contact 145 of a potentiometer 146 (g F i. 5) The outputs of amplifiers 144 and 150 are provided with valves 132 and 138 connected, these valves being controlled in the same way as valves 124 and 126 in Figure 4. The operation of the relay Konuktc Äj-2 to Ry5 is in the following in connection with F i g. 7 will be explained. For the purpose of explaining the mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 5, it is initially sufficient that the contacts of the relay Rt (FIG. 7) only then in the The arrangements shown in FIG. 5 are when the selector switch ( FIG. 7) is in its A or B positions and if it is desired to close valves 132 and 138 (FIG. 5) to allow a flow of oxygen or fuel to the side Nozzles 28 to prevent. When switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in position C, oxygen and fuel flow to the core tubes

and the jacket pipes 38 of the side nozzles 28. The flow velocities are determined by the setting of the sliding contacts 143 and 148 of the potentiometers 146 and 148, respectively

The device 70 for measuring and controlling the air flow is shown in FIG. 6, the line 152, which has an opening 154 in its upper end in terms of flow and a motor-driven control valve 156 in its lower end in terms of flow, being part of the pipeline acts, which connects the compressed air source 68 with the magnetically operated valve 72. The measuring and control device 70 (Fig.7) contains an air flow measuring device 157 and an amplifier 158. The desired flow rate or flow rate of air in the line 152 is determined by the Setting the sliding contact 160 of a potentiometer 162 is determined, which is connected to the voltage source + E. The sliding contact 160 (FIG. 6) is connected to one input of the amplifier 158, the other input of which is connected to the output of the air flow measuring device 157. The output of amplifier 158 is connected to motorized valve 156. Since the amplifier 158 is connected directly to the potentiometer 162, the valve 156 is adjusted so that an air flow is generated through the line 152 which corresponds to the setting of the potentiometer 162.

The operation of the system is best illustrated by the schematic diagrams shown in FIG. 7 and 8 in Comprehensible connection with the other representations or drawings. Before the individual work steps or functional processes are described in detail, the basic functions are to be explained. at these are

1. Choosing the right combination of gases for each stage of the fresh process,

2. the guarantee of a smooth transition with every gas change,

3. to ensure that the crucible is never brought into its upright position without sufficient pressure in the bottom nozzles 20,

4. the guarantee that there is sufficient pressure in the floor nozzles 20 at all times and

5. To protect the nozzles 20, 28 in the event that the flow ratio of oxygen or Insufficient fuel.

The first two of the above-mentioned basic functions are achieved by opening and closing the respective solenoid valves 46, 50, 56, 64 and 72, the motor-driven valves 98, 124, 126, 132, 138 and 156. The aforementioned opening and closing takes place as a function of each individual process section on the position of the selector switch 32, which is accessible to the operator on the control panel of the system is arranged.

If the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in its position A, the relay coil R ₁ (FIG. 4) is connected to the voltage source E. The excitation of the relay R \ (FIG. 7) closes the contact Kp3 and connects the coil of the relay R _t . The relay /? ₄ is designed to respond or connect without delay, but does not switch off until after a predetermined delay, as in FIG. 7 indicated with the help of the TO-OFF specification. If the relay R * is excited, the contact /? «- 1 is closed, which causes the solenoid /? 72 (Fig. 2, 7) of the valve 72 to respond, whereby the valve 72 is opened and the entry of pressurized air from the source 60 into the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 is allowed. This influx of compressed air takes place in accordance with the adjustment of the sliding contact 160 (FIG. 6) of the potentiometer 161 of the device 70 for measuring and controlling the compressed air. At the same time, by opening the contact λ ₄ -2 (FIG. 7), the solenoid / 50 (FIG. 2, 7) is de-energized or de-energized in order to close the valve 50 (FIG. 2) open and allow the nitrogen to flow from the source 42 via the throttle opening 48 (FIG. 2) to the jacket pipes 24. The solenoid valves 50 and 46 (FIG. 2) are open in the de-energized state (in contrast to the solenoid valves 72, 56 and 64, which are closed in the de-energized state to ensure that nitrogen is in the core and jacket tubes of the bottom nozzles 20 is present if the supply of electrical energy or air breaks down. Should the power supply collapse during the freshening process and the flow of fuel and oxygen to the bottom nozzles 20 by the closing of the solenoid valves 56 and 64 (Fig 2) have been interrupted, the valves 46 and 50 open immediately while maintaining the pressure in the bottom nozzles 20, nitrogen replacing oxygen and fuel.

The motor-driven valve 98 (FIG. 3, 3a) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow is closed when the selector switch 32 in (FIG. 7) is in its position A , since the relay (s) (Fig.3a) is connected through the closed contact R \ - \ , whereby the amplifier input is grounded via the contact Wm-I (Fig.3). The motor-driven valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4,4a) in the measuring and control devices 54 and 62 (Fig. 4) are also closed, since the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 via the contacts /? I ₅ - 2 or /? _l5 -3 of the de-energized relay /? n (Fig.4a) are grounded. Where is; the relay R ₁ · -, switched off, since the contact R \ -2 is open and neither the contact /? kI nor the contact ΛΗ are closed.

If the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position B , the relay /? 2 (FIG. 7) is energized, the contact Ri-2 being closed and the relay A; via the 4 ^r > normally closed contact /? »- 3 the relay coil /?« is excited. Like the relay /? <, The relay R% (Fig. 7) responds immediately or is connected immediately, but only drops out after a time delay in the de-energized state. The excitation of the coil / ?? opens the contacts Ry \ and /? 5-2 (Fig. 7), whereupon the magnetic coil /? ™ or R < _b (Fig. 2, 7) drop, which the valves 50 and 46 (Fig. 7) caused to open and to allow the inflow of nitrogen to the jacket tubes 24 and core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20. The supply of compressed air from the source 68 (Fig. 2) is interrupted by the delayed closing of the valve 72 under the effect of the opening of the contact R _t - \ (Fig. 7), which is a consequence of the voltage release, the time delay relay / ? 4 is due to the opening of the contact /? I-3.

In the device 44 (FIG. 3) for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow, the motor-driven valve 98 is opened to an extent which is determined by the setting of the sliding contact 90 of the potentiometer h ¹ ) 92. The setting of this wiper 90 is (F i g. 3u) a result of the fall of the relay Rn and the subsequent opening of the contact R \ a \ (Fig. JJsowicdcsSchließensdcs contact /? _H -2.

The relay R \ ₄ (Fig. 3a) is de-energized because in the position S the contacts Äi-1. Uh and /? * -! are open under normal conditions or represent working contacts.

The transition of the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) from its position B to its position C closes the valves 50 and 46 (Fig.2) after a time delay, which is caused by the opening of the contact Ä2-2 (Fig. 7) and the delayed dropping of the Relay Rs is triggered The relay coil R ₃ (Fig. 7) is energized, whereby the contact Ä3-6 is closed and the coil of the relay R * is connected via the normally closed contact Rg-3 of the relay Rt . The relay A ₆ (Fig . 7), which like the relays R ₄ and /? S has a delayed release, closes the contact Rt- 1, whereby the solenoids ft% and R _M (Fig.2,7) are connected, whereby the valves 56 and 64 (Fig. 2) are opened to allow the flow of oxygen and fuel to the jacket pipes 24 and the core pipes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20. A smooth transition from nitrogen to fuel and oxygen is ensured since the gases supplied overlap as a result of the delayed release of the relay R ' , whereby the flow of oxygen and fuel is already started before the nitrogen flow is interrupted.

Under normal operating conditions, the motor-operated valve 98 (Fig. 3.3a) is closed when the switch 32 (Fig.7) is moved to its position C, because the relay R \ ₄ (Fig.3a) is energized, whereby the Input of the amplifier 88 (Fig. 3) via the contact /? H-1 and its disconnection from the potentiometer 92 is grounded, the disconnection from the potentiometer 92 takes place under the action of the contact R \ ₄ -2 . The relay Rh (FIG. 3a) is energized because there are sufficient pressures and flow rates of oxygen and fuel and the contact /?> - 1 is closed as a result of the transition of the switch 32 from its position B to its position C. Relay R ₁₄ is, as explained above, energized because the contacts R *, - \ and Rw- \ are closed, which will be explained in the following.

When the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) is in its position C, the relay R ^ (Fig. 4, 4a) is also excited via the contacts /? Q-2 and Ry \ , whereby the inputs of the amplifier 112 and 122 _(FIG. 4 ) are transferred from earth via the contacts Ä j5 -2 and R, _r 4 to the sliding contact of the potentiometer 120 and 113, respectively. In this way, a flow of oxygen and fuel is generated which is quantitatively determined by the setting of potentiometers 120 and 113.

The selection of gases can only be carried out if suitable flow conditions are ensured that do not result in damage to the system. If the operator turns the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) from position A or C to position B and the nitrogen flow is under a predetermined valve, which the contact FSA (Fig.3,7) in the nitrogen flow switch 94 (F i g. 3) caused to open, the relay R \ \ (Fig. 7) is de-energized. Accordingly, the solenoids Rib and Km (Figs. 2 and 7) are energized through the contacts /? N-2 and Rx-I , whereby the nitrogen and fuel valves 56 and 64 (Fig. 2) are opened with the effect that these gases flow to the bottom nozzles 20. The relay /? Ii (F i g. 4,4a) is also via the contacts A? Ii-I. R \ -2 and /? 4-2 (Fig. 4a) energized to open the oxygen and fuel valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) by connecting the inputs of amplifiers 112 and 122 to potentiometers 120 and 113 will.

If the operator moves the selector switch 32 ( FIG. 7) from its position B to its position C and the oxygen flow is below a predetermined valve, which the contact FS-3 (FIG. 4) of the switch 114

caused to open, the relay R \ _Q (Fig. 7) is sounded voltage-free. Accordingly, the solenoid coils Rtb and /? M ( Fig. 2) are de-energized by opening the contacts Ry \ and Äs-2 (Fig . 7) when the relay Rj via the contacts Äm-2, / ?, - 6 and Rk-3 is connected. The relay Rn (FIG. 3a) is switched voltage-free because the opening of the contact ftio-1 causes the valve 98 (FIG. 3) to open to an extent which is determined by the setting of the potentiometer 92. As a result, nitrogen flows through the valves 98 (FIG. 3) and 46 (FIG. 2) to the core tubes 22 and through the valve 50 to the casing tubes 24 of the bottom nozzles 20.

Is to be promoted by moving the selector switch 32 to its position B nitrogen and is the flow

insufficient, as indicated by the opening of the contact FS-I (FIG. 3), the oxygen valves 124 (FIG. 4), 56 (FIG. 2) and the fuel valves 126 (FIG. 4), 64 (F i g. 2) opened if the switch 32 (FIG. 7) was previously in its position C. On the other hand, the said valves automatically move from their closed to their open position if the switch 32 was previously in its position A. In the same way, if there is a desired demand for oxygen and fuel as a result of the movement of the

«) Selector switch 32 in its position C in the event of insufficient oxygen flow, which is indicated by the opening of the contact FS-3 , the nitrogen valves 98 (FIG. 3), 46 (FIG. 2) and 50 open. In this way, if a low gas flow of the selected gas is detected in the core tubes 22, both types of gas, nitrogen-nitrogen and oxygen-fuel, are supplied to the bottom nozzles in order to maintain sufficient pressure and prevent the ingress of molten metal into them is.

AO If the proper gas flow is restored, the valves associated with the non-selected gases close automatically, while the valves associated with the selected gas remain open. Is z. B. the switch 32 ( Fig. 7) in its position B and the nitrogen flow has increased sufficiently to close the contact FS-I (Fig. 3), the relay Rw (Fig. 7) is energized, the contact /? ii-2 is opened, which has the result that the solenoid coils /? <- * and /? m (FIG. 2) are de-energized, which leads to the closing of the valves 56 and 64. Furthermore, the relay Ar (FIG. 4a) is also switched to a voltage-free state by opening the contact /? N-1, whereby the inputs of the amplifiers 112 and 122 (FIG. 4) are grounded via the contacts ΛιΉ and /? Is-3 and valves 124 and 126 are caused to close.

When the switch 32 (Fig. 7) is in its position C and the oxygen flow has increased enough to close the contact FS-3 (Fig. 4, 7), the relay Rw (F i g.7) in the same way

bo energizes, which leads to the opening of the contact /? io-2, whereby the relay R; switched off and the magnet coils /? _4h and K _w (l ^: ig. 2,7) through the contacts R ', - 2 and /?', -! (Fig. 7) are excited, whereupon the valves 46 and 50 (Fig. 2) close. The relay R ₁₄

h ^r i (Fig. 3a) is excited by the closing of the contact /? m-1, causing the input of the amplifier 88 (Fig. 3) via the contact tfu-l and the closing of the valve 98 to ground is switched.

As already mentioned, the basic function 3 is that the crucible or converter 10 may ever be brought into an upright position when it is charged with a melt charge, if there is insufficient pressure in the bottom nozzles 20 happen when the converter 10 is in the in Fi g. la and Ic is located and the selector switch 32 has assumed its position A and compressed air is supplied to the core tubes 22.

The control system for actuating the tilting motor 30 (FIG. 8) with the aid of which the converter is rotated about the pin 26 is shown in FIG. 7, below and in FIG. It contains a switch 163 (FIG. 7) that can be adjusted between the positions "AUTOMATIC" and "Manual operation", which energizes a relay coil R, _s (FIG. 7) which has a contact Ai ₃ -I (FIG. 8), which is connected in series with a switch 164 , which has "forward", "off" and "reverse" lines. A relay coil /? _{) fc} ( FIG. 8) has a contact /? i6-l, which lies between the positive terminals of the voltage source and the tilting motor 30. Furthermore, the coil /? Ie has a contact Rn-2, which is located between the earthed connection terminal of the voltage source and the motor 30. This relay coil Rn is connected to the "forward" position of the Shah 164 . A relay coil A ^ ( Fig. 7) has a contact Ru- \, which is between the connection of the contact /? | ₆ -1, of the motor 30 and ground. The relay coil Rn also has a contact Ru-2 between the connection of the contact R \ b-2 with the motor 30 and the positive sides of the voltage source. The coil Rn is connected to the "reverse" position of the sounder 164 . When switch 163 (FIG. 7) is in the "manual" position, relay R _{1 s is} energized and tilt motor 30 is operated in the forward direction, for which purpose switch 164 (FIG. 8) is set to " Forward «, energizing relay R \ b and contacts / f _lb -1 and /? I6-2. The forward direction of movement of the crucible is to be understood as a rotation from the positions as shown in FIG. 1 a to 1 c are shown for example. To reverse the direction of the tilting movement of the converter, the switch 164 (Fig. 8) is brought into its "reverse" position, whereby the relay Ru is energized and the contacts R <7- \ and Äi7-2 are closed to reverse the polarity of the to reverse the voltage applied to tilt motor 30 from that applied when switch 164 is in the "forward" position. The "manual" position of switch 163 (FIG. 7) is used only when converter 10 is being prepared for refining and there is no molten insert in the melting vessel. Thus, normal operation of switch 163 (FIG. 7) is disabled . 7) held in the "automatic" position. The crucible or converter 10 must never be placed in the upright position with the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) in its position A and molten insert contained in the melting vessel as the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 compressed air supplied has a low pressure Accordingly, a normally-closed contact Λι-4 (F i g. 7) of the relay R connected in series with the coil R ₁₁ when the switch is in the "Automaiik" -Siellung 163, whereby the operation of the Tilting motor 30 (FIG. 8) is prevented when the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in its position A. If the switch 32 (FIG. 7) is moved to its position B , sufficient pressure must be exerted from the nitrogen source 42 on the core tubes 22 and the jacket tubes 24 of the bottom nozzles 20 in order to erect the converter 10 in the upright position Position Fig. Ib) to allow. To ensure that sufficient pressure is actually present before the crucible or converter is tilted, contacts PS-2 and PS-4 (Fig. 2,7) are pressure switches 74 and 78 (Fig. 2). connected in series with a relay coil R ₁₂ (Fig. 7). Contacts PS-2 and PSA (Fig. 2.7) only close when there is pressure,

ίο which is necessary to move the oven into the upright position according to Fig. Ib. This pressure must be present in the casing pipes, core pipes of the floor nozzles. As a result, relay Rn (Fig. 7) is only energized under the aforementioned condition

is If the relay R _t2 (Fig. 7) is connected, the contact Aj ₂ -I closes, which results in the excitation of the coil Au via the closed contact Ä ₂ -3 of the relay A ₂ .

The contact Rn-2 (FIG. 7) of the relay Ri j also closes in order to prevent the relay Rn from dropping if the pressure in the floor nozzles 20 subsequently decreases, whereby the relay Rn is de -energized will. This is important because it may be necessary to quickly tip the converter 10 on its side if there is a loss of pressure in the bottom nozzles 20. It is also important that this happens if possible without moving the switch 163 (FIG. 7) to the "manual" position. Furthermore, the contact R _s -7 (FIG. 7) is connected in parallel with the contact / 2-3 connected to shape the lowering of the converter 10 when the switch 32 is in its C position

The fourth basic function, which is to ensure that there is sufficient pressure in the Floor nozzles 20 constantly present is met by devices that automatically nitrogen with the core tubes 22 and the jacket pipes 24, if fuel and oxygen are used and the Pressure of one of these gases should have dropped below a certain value. Also, these establishments perform automatically fuel to the jacket tubes 24 and oxygen to the core tubes 22 if nitrogen is used and the pressure in either the jacket tubes 24 or the core tubes 22 below a predetermined Value drops.

It is assumed that the selector switch 32 (FIG . 7) is in its position B , so that the relay R ₂ (FIG. 7) is energized and that nitrogen flows into the jacket tubes 24 and the core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles is fed. If the pressure in the bottom nozzles 20 should now drop below a predetermined value, at least one of the contacts PS- \ and PS-3 (Fig. 2, 7) in the pressure switches 74 and 78 (Fig. 2) closes. It follows that the relay R ₆ (Fig.7) is connected via the closed contact Λ ₂ -4 of the relay A ₂ and the normally closed contact R <i-4 of the relay Rq . The excitation of the relay Λ ₈ (Fig. 7) closes the contact /? 8-4, whereby the relay Rb via the contact R <, - 3 is excited, which leads to that the oxygen and

bo fuel magnet coils R & and Rm can be connected via the contact /? (, - l in order to feed these gases to the bottom nozzles 20. The contact /? _8-3 (FIG a time delay due to the closing of the ma-

ti5 gneispulen Rw and Λ «, is interrupted, as explained above. This is particularly advantageous since the observed drop in pressure may have been caused by a leak in the nitrogen feed system. The relay Rx

(Fig. 7) the contacts /? ₈ -5 and R ₂ S shielded to prevent the system from automatically switching to nitrogen after the operating pressure has been restored by replacing the nitrogen source 42 with fuel and oxygen sources 60 and 52, respectively. The aforementioned circuit arrangement for achieving the basic function no. 4 can be switched off again by moving the selector switch 32 to position C, whereby the relay Rs drops out, while the flow of oxygen and nitrogen to the floor nozzles 20 is maintained.

The valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) in the measuring and control devices 54 and 62 for oxygen or fuel are opened as a result of the excitation of the relay Rn (Fig. 4a), which the inputs of the amplifier 112 and 122 (Fig.4 ) with the potentiometers 120 and 130 via the contacts /? _i5 -2 and /? r, -4 connects. The relay R ^ (Fig. 4a) is energized via the contacts R ₉ -2 and Ri-2 and remains energized when the circuit is activated by moving the switch 32 to its position C via the contact R _s - \ (Fig. 4) is turned off. The valve 98 (Fig. 3) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow is closed by the excitation of the relay /? U (Fig. 3a), which is via the contacts R ₉ - \, R _H \ and /? Io-l (indication of sufficient oxygen flow) and via the contacts R ₉ -X, /? 2-l and /? Io-l takes place after the switch 32 has been moved to its position C.

If, on the other hand, the selector switch 32 is in its position C, oxygen and fuel are supplied to the bottom nozzles 20 and if at least one of the two contacts PS1 and PS-3 (Fig. 2, 7) is closed, the relay / ?, (Fig. 7) via the contact R ₃ -S of the relay Ri and the contact /? ₈ -6 of relay Rs connected. The excitation of the relay R * (Fig. 7) causes the closure of the contact Ru-5, whereby the relay Rs is connected, which in turn leads to the solenoid coils R * _h and /? So (Fig. 2.7) being de-energized whereby the nitrogen source 42 (FIG. 7) is connected to the bottom nozzles 20. The contact /? Q-3 (FIG. 7) also opens, which means that the relay Rt is switched after a time delay, whereby the fuel and oxygen valves 64 and 56 (FIG. 2) are closed with the result that a leak in the fuel or oxygen system cannot cause a pressure drop. The relay R ₉ (Fig. 7) is shielded by the contacts R ₉ -6 and /? J-9 to prevent the system from automatically switching back to oxygen and fuel after the operating pressure has been restored by the Nitrogen source 42 (FIG. 2) takes the place of the oxygen and fuel sources 60 and 52. In addition, contacts R ₁ S and R ₉ A (FIG. 7) prevent neither relay Rs nor relay R _{9 from being} energized if the other relays have been connected. The circuit can then be switched off by moving the selector switch 32 to its position B , whereby the relay R ₉ drops out while the nitrogen flow to the floor nozzles 20 is maintained

The valve 98 (FIG. 3) in the device 44 for measuring and controlling the nitrogen flow is opened by disconnecting the voltage from the relay /? N (FIG. 3a) when the contact R ₉ - \ opens, the input of amplifier 88 (FIG. 3) being connected to potentiometer 92. The relay Ru (Fig. 3a) remains voltage-free after the circuit is triggered by opening the contact Zf ₂ -I. The valves 124 and 126 (FIG. 4) in the devices 54 and 62 for measuring and controlling the oxygen or fuel flow are, as described above, closed _{by the voltage-free switching of the relay A) 5 when deir} Contact R ₉ -I opens. The relay _{) 5} (Fig. 4a) remains voltage-free and the valves 124 and 126 (Fig. 4) remain closed after the circuit has been triggered by moving the switch 32 to the position θ, since the contacts, Ri- 2, R "-2 and R _r l (Fig.4a) are all open. After a sufficient pressure has been restored, the system can be reset to the desired set of gases, for which the selector switch 32 (Fig. 7) in the appropriate position.

is ment is returned.

The bottom nozzles 20 can be damaged even when the oxygen and fuel are supplied, if the pressure is sufficiently high if the flow rates or flow rates of oxygen or fuel drop below a certain value to such an extent that the casing pipes 24 burn and the core tube 22 can come. In this case, which takes on the above-mentioned basic function no. 5, the system automatically switches over to nitrogen in the bottom nozzles 20 until the crucible 10 is tilted and the gas supply can be restored. It is assumed that the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) is in its position C, the relays Ry, R _b , R7 (FIG. 7) and the solenoids W '* and /? _M (Fig.2. 7) are excited. If the flow rate or flow rate of either the oxygen or the fuel or both media should drop below a predetermined value, one or both of the contacts FS-2

j5 (Fig. 4, 7) of the oxygen flow switch 114 (Fig. 4) and the contact FS-A (Fig. 4, 7) of the fuel flow switch 123 (Fig. 4) closed. This closing has the consequence that the relay / ?, (Fig. 7) via the contacts Rt \ of the relay Ri as well as A'j-8 and /? _s -6 are connected to close the contact R ₉ S , so that the relay R- connected and the valves 50 and 46 (Fig.2) are opened, so that nitrogen is fed to the jacket tubes 24 and core tubes 22 of the bottom nozzles 20 flows In the same way, the contact R ₉ -Z (FIG. 7) is opened, which causes the relay Rb to be energized after a time delay and causes the valves 56 and 64 (FIG. 7) to close the flow of oxygen and fuel to the bottom nozzles 20 is prevented. The relay R ₉ (FIG. 7) is shielded via the contacts Rj-9 and /? Q-6 and remains in the energized state until the selector switch 32 (FIG. 7) has been moved to its position B , which corresponds to this ZufiuÜ of nitrogen to the bottom nozzle 20 corresponds to the relay R ₇ (F i g. 7) has a time delay characteristic that its excitation permitted only after the lapse of a predetermined time interval, this has the purpose of excitation of the relay R ₉ (F i g . 7) if the switch 32 (FIG. 7) has first been moved to its position C and there is not enough time to build up the flow of oxygen and fuel.

Further protection is provided by the cam switch 166 (FIG. 7) of the crucible or converter 10, which closes when the converter 10 is between the modes shown in FIG. The switch 166 is connected in series with the contacts Äi-5 of the relay /? i in order to energize the relay R2 when the converter 10 is in its upright position

ment (Fig. Ib) is and the switch 32 (F- "ig. 7) is or is moved to position A. In such a case, the magnet coil R ** (Fig. 2.7) would be de-energized and valve 416 (FIG. 2) opened to add nitrogen to the pressurized air supplied via valve 72 in position A. This builds up sufficient pressure in core tubes 22 to allow the molten liquid to enter To prevent metal in the floor nozzles 20.

From Figure 9 it follows that the invention is advantageous also can be applied to a bottom blowing converter or crucible 210 which has bottom nozzles 212 arranged below the bath surface and further has cable nozzles 214 located below the bath surface and side nozzles 216 which point to the Kohienstoffmonoxyd zone of the converter 210 are directed. This bottom blowing converter 210 has a jacket or skin 218 which is provided with a refractory lining 220. Furthermore, the Converter 210 has an orifice 222 and is rotatably mounted on pin 224. The nozzles 212, 214 and 216 For example, a core tube 213 can contain either a single gas, such as oxygen, air and argon, or mixtures lead to these gases. Powder-like additives can also be blown into the furnace through this core tube 213 be, which are, for example, a flux (quick lime or the like.) To a liquefier (fluorspar or the like.) Or steel finishing or Deoxidizer (ferromanganese, etc.) can act. The blow molds also have 212, 214 and 216 a jacket tube 215, through which an envelope gas such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like can be injected into the furnace.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the invention can also can advantageously be used on an electric steelworks furnace 2JOa of the Heroult type, which is provided with a vertical and an inclined floor nozzle 212a or 212a 'arranged below the bath surface. The furnace 210a also has side nozzles 214a and side nozzles disposed below the bath surface 216a directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace. This electric furnace 210a has a Shell 218a, which has a refractory liner 220a, a side door 226 and a refractory Lid 228 is provided, electrode openings 230 being formed in the latter. The furnace also has a tap opening 232 and a tap channel 234 extending outwardly from the tap hole 232. the Nozzles 212 and 212a ', 214a and 216a contain a core tube 213 through which either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or mixtures thereof Gases are blown in. Through the aforementioned core tubes 213, powder-like additives such as Flux, liquefier, steel refiner or deoxidizer can be blown into the furnace. The nozzles 212, 212a ″, and 216a also have a jacket tube 215, through which an envelope gas such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like. Can be canned into the furnace can.

In addition, the invention, as shown in FIG. 11 to take, with advantage on a Siemens-Martin oven £ 210> use the vertical and inclined floor nozzles 2126 or 212 ^ 'owns. Also in the oven are below the Side nozzles 2146 and side nozzles 2166 which are arranged on the bath surface and are directed at the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace 2106. This SM furnace 2106 contains a refractory lined Floor 236, a refractory lined, outwardly sloping rear wall 238, a refractory lined front wall 240, a charging door 242 in the wall 240 and a fire-proof lined roof 244. A The tapping hole 2326 arranged opposite the charging door 242 leads to a tapping channel 2346. The nozzles 212, 2126 ', 2146 and 2166 lead in a core tube 213 either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or mixtures thereof or are used to blow in powdery additives that are made from fluxes, Liquefiers or Stahlvercdlern and deoxidizers can exist. The mentioned nozzles also contain a jacket tube 215, through which a Enveloping gas, such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like, can be injected into the furnace.

As can be seen from FIG. 12, the invention can also be applied to a tiltable hearth furnace 210c which is mounted on rollers 246 which are arranged on a circular arc-shaped path to allow the furnace 210c to rotate about its longitudinal axis for the purpose of pouring out the refined steel Tap hole 232c and a tap channel 234c · to allow. As shown in FIG. 12, the tiltable furnace 210c has vertical and inclined floor nozzles 212c and 212c "which are arranged below the bath surface and which are connected via a wind tunnel to the lines 76 and 80 shown in FIG Side nozzles 214c disposed on the bath surface and side nozzles 216c directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the furnace 210c Charging door 242c, and a fire-proof lined roof 244c. The nozzles 212c, 212 (^, 214c and 216c lead in a core tube 213 either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or a gas composed of these gases Kernrohrc 213 powder-like additives, such as flux, liquefier, steel refiner or deoxidation agent in the furnace e be injected. The above-mentioned nozzles also contain a jacket tube 215 through which an envelope gas such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like can be injected into the furnace. F i g. 13 shows the application of the invention to a mixer 21Od for hot use, which has a jacket 218c / which is given away with a refractory lining 22Od and has an individual opening 222d and a discharge channel 234c /. The mixer 210c / is on rollers so 246c / between one Charging and an emptying position can be pivoted. The mixer 210c / has vertical and inclined bottom nozzles 212c / or, respectively, arranged below the bath surface. 212c / '. In addition, lateral cans 214c / arranged below the bath surface and lateral blow molds 216c / are provided, which are directed towards the carbon monoxide zone of the mixer 210c /. The nozzles 212c / 212c / '. 2Hd and 216c / contain a core tube 213 through which either a gas such as oxygen, air or argon alone or a mixture of these gases can be injected into the furnace. Powder-like additives such as flux, liquefier, steel refiner or deoxidizer can also be injected into the furnace through the core tubes 213 mentioned. The above-mentioned DOs also contain a jacket tube 215 through which enveloping gases such as propane, natural gas, light oil or the like can be injected into the mixer. One or more tapping blow molds 32 "(Fig. 9,

25 26

10,11,12,13) are arranged next to one of the tapping openings shown. These openings are the mouth 222 (FIG. 9), the tapping channel 234 (FIG. 10), the tapping channel 2346 (FIG. 11), the tapping channel 234c (FIG. 12) and around the runner ^r > 234c / (Fig. 13). These tapping blow molds 32 ″ serve to prevent the formation of orifices in or on the tapping openings, which can form during casting of stainless steel refining can occur.

In addition 9 sheets of drawings

20th

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4 ¹ y

55

60

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Claims (27)

Patent claims: 1. Device for regulating a gas injection process into a steelworks vessel, with a plurality of gas sources that are connected to at least one DOse consisting of a core tube and a jacket tube surrounding this, with means Gas selection devices and gas control devices select predetermined gas combinations ία bar and the nozzle can be fed, characterized in that with the gas selection device and the gas control device is connected to a gas exchange control device, by means of which the Flu3 of a first gas combination when switching to a second gas combination.) Can be maintained until the soot of the current gas combination is stabilized 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas exchange control devices Have time delay relays, with the help of which the flow of one set of gases is still through one predetermined length of time is maintainable after the other set of gases has been selected is. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gas exchange control devices contain devices with their Help the flow of the other of the two sets of gases measurable and the flow of the first set to jo Gases is sustained until the flow of the other set of gases is a predetermined one Value exceeds. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas exchange control devices contain devices with their Help the flow of the second set of gases be measurable and replaceable by the first set of gases is when the flow of the second set of gases is below a predetermined value. 5. Apparatus> is switchable of gases according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas-exchange control means includes means, v by means of which the pressure in the nozzle can be measured and the selected set of gases to the other set when the pressure in the nozzle is below a predetermined value. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that devices are provided, with the help of which either first or second gas sources can be connected to the core tube of the nozzle, so that devices are provided, with the help of which either the first or a third gas source can be connected to the casing tube, the Means are provided, with the help of insufficient flow conditions of the first gas to Core tube can be determined and the second and third gas can be added to the core tube or the jacket tube, that devices are provided with the help of which inadequate flow conditions of the second gas t> <> can be determined for the core tube and the first gas can be added to the core tube and the jacket tube. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the first gas source to the core tube through a first flow Kontrollcinrichtung and h ^r i, a first valve is connected and that the first gas source to the jacket tube via a /.weite .Strömungskontrolleinrichtung and / Another valve is connected that the second gas source is connected to the core tube via a third flow control device and a third valve, and that the third gas source is connected to the jacket tube via a fourth flow control device and a fourth valve 8. Device according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that devices are provided with the aid of which a flow condition can be determined at which the pressure of the first, second or third gases is insufficient, this being the case Devices have first and second pressure measuring devices associated with the core tube and the Jacketed pipe for the purpose of measuring the gas pressure are connected in the same. 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that devices are provided with the help of which the second and third gas in the core pipe baw. in the jacket pipe is replaceable if the pressure of the selected first gas is insufficient, these devices which connects the first and second pressure measuring devices to the third and fourth valves and in that the first and fourth valves open to the flow of the second and third, respectively To allow gas if the pressure measured by the first or second pressure measuring device is below a predetermined value. 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that a first delay device is provided with the aid of which the first and second pressure measuring devices are connectable to the first and second valve, wherein the first and second valve close after a predetermined delay time by the To prevent the flow of the first pressure medium when the pressure measured by the first or second pressure measuring device is below a certain pressure Far lies. 11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that means are provided by means of which the flow of the first Gas to the core tube and the jacket tube is replaceable when the pressure of the selected second or third gas is insufficient and in that means for connecting the first and Second pressure measuring devices are provided with the first and second valve, the the first and the second valve open to the flow of the first gas to the core tube and the jacket tube allow when the pressure measured by the first or second pressure measuring device is below of a certain value 12. Device according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that second delay devices are provided with their help the first and second pressure measuring devices are connectable to the third and fourth valves, the third and fourth valves closing after a predetermined interval about the flow of the second or to prevent the third gas if the pressure measured by the first or / or wide pressure measuring device is below a predetermined value lies. 13. Device according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the device /. To lirmitcln a. Flow condition in which the flow rate b / .w. by- Flow rate of the first or the second gas is insufficient, the first and second flow switches in the has first and third flow control devices. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the devices; ura adding of the second and third gas to the core tube and the jacket tube, respectively, in the case of insufficient flow of the selected one first gas facilities included: which the first flow switch with the third and connect the fourth valve, the third and fourth valve opens to allow the flow of the second or third gas when that of the first Flow switch measured flow is below a predetermined value 15. Device according to one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the devices for adding the first gas to the core tube or to the jacket pipe in insufficient flow conditions of the second gas contain facilities, welehe connect the second flow switch to the first flow switch and the second valve, wherein the first and second valves open to allow the flow of the first gas when the from the second flow switch measured flow is below a certain value 16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that facilities are provided are, with the help of which insufficient flow conditions of the third gas can be determined, the jo a third foot switch in the fourth flow control device included, and in that facilities are provided with the help of which second and third flow switches connectable to the first and second valves to control the first gas in the J5 Replace core tube and jacket tube when the flow conditions of the second or third gas are insufficient, with the first and second valves opening to allow the flow of the first gas, when the flow measured by the second or third flow switch is below a predetermined one Value lies. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that a second delay device is provided with the aid of which the first and third flow switch can be connected to the third and fourth valve, the third and fourth valve closing after a predetermined delay line to the flow to prevent the second and third gas when the ^{flow measured by the second or r} ><> third foot switch is below a predetermined value. 18. Device according to one of claims 6 to 17, characterized in that devices are provided with the aid of which a fourth ^r > 5 gas source can optionally be connected to the core tube. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the first gas source is connected to the core tube via a first flow control device and a first valve, that the bo first gas source is connected to the jacket tube via a second flow control device and a second valve, that the second gas source is connected to the core tube through a third Strömungskonirolleinrichtuny and a third valve that w \ is connected to the third gas source to the jacket tube via a fourth Sirömungskontrolleinrichtung and a fourth valve, and in that the fourth gas source to the core barrel via a fifth Strömungskontrollcinrichtung and a fifth Valve is connected 20. Device according to one of claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the first gas is nitrogen, the second gas is oxygen and the third gas a fuel like natural gas. Propane and butane, and that as a fourth gas one of the gases air, nitrogen or argon is used. 21. Device according to one of claims 18 to 20. characterized in that a selector switch is provided which has a first, a second and a third position, the first position being associated with the fifth and second valves at to connect the fourth and third gas sources with the core tube and the jacket tube, the second Position is connected to the first and second valve. around the first gas source with the core tube and to connect the jacket tube and that the third position is connected to the third and fourth valves is to connect the second and third gas source to the core tube and the jacket tube, respectively. 22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21 for a tiltable steelworks vessel with at least a nozzle arranged in the floor and additionally at least one arranged in a side wall Nozzle, each consisting of a core tube and a jacket tube surrounding it, thereby characterized in that facilities are provided with which optionally nitrogen, oxygen, and Air sources can be connected to the core tube of each floor nozzle, so that devices are provided with the help of which either oxygen sources with the core tube of the side nozzle and a fuel source can be connected to the jacket pipe of the side nozzle, that means are provided, with their help inadequate nitrogen flow conditions in the bottom nozzle detectable and oxygen the core tube and fuel can be fed to the jacket tube of the bottom nozzle, and that devices are provided with which insufficient oxygen or fuel flow conditions can be determined and in its place nitrogen can be fed to the core tube and the jacket tube of the bottom nozzle. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that devices are provided with the help of which an insufficient pressure of nitrogen, oxygen or fuel in the floor nozzle crmittclbar, these devices including first and second pressure measuring devices, which are connected to the core tube and the jacket tube of the floor nozzle to the respective present Measure gas pressure. 24. Device according to one of claims 22 and 23, characterized in that the drive device for tilting the steelworks vessel with motor-driven devices is connected, the motor-driven devices with the first and second pressure measuring means and the selector switch are connected to the movement of the Steelworks vessel from an essentially horizontal position to an upright position only then allow if there is sufficient pressure in the nozzle and the selector switch is in its second or third position. 25. Device according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that a floor nozzle arranged below the bath surface has one below the side nozzle arranged on the bath surface and a side nozzle is provided which points to the carbon monoxide zone is directed above the molten iron. 26. Method for regulating an injection process, especially in the case of a tiltable fresh steel converter, in which predetermined gas combinations are selected and at least one of one Core tube and a surrounding jacket tube existing nozzle are fed thereby characterized in that after tilting the converter into a suitable horizontal first and second Gases are blown through the core tube and the jacket tube of the nozzle under a predetermined pressure, that after a molten charge has been poured into the converter, the pressure of the through the core tube blown gases is increased that after erecting the converter in an upright position Oxygen and fuel are blown in through the core tube or the jacket tube while blowing the first and second gases through the nozzle continues that flow of the first and shutting off the second gas through the nozzle until the batch freshening is complete. c! ate first and second gases are blown through the core tube and the jacket tube while blowing of oxygen and fuel through the core tube or jacket tube is continued that the supply of oxygen and fuel to the nozzles is prevented, and that after tilting the converter in a suitable horizontal position the pressure of the Gases blown through the nozzle is decreased and the refined steel is withdrawn from the converter will. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that that compressed air or nitrogen is blown as the first gas and nitrogen is blown as the second gas.