DE2330895A1 - COMB-LIKE COMPONENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIVING CELLS - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys -5 «5 ^ η Q Q C

Dipl.-Ing. Werner Freischem Λ J O U Q ei O

Dipl.-Ing. Use Freischem
5000 Cologne 1, Heumarkt 14

Andre, Olgierd de Kulesza

Residence Chateau-Bois, Vaudricourt,

Pas de Calais, France

Honeycomb-like component for the construction of living cells

The present invention relates to residential premises as well as premises for various others Purposes.

The invention is particularly concerned with a component that forms a field or compartment, the Compartment for the construction of cells is intended for the construction of individual residential units and honeycomb-like buildings are suitable by arranging the cells next to one another or on top of one another. Such arrangements can individual residential units, residential groups or public Represent buildings that are much more comfortable than equivalent existing apartments.

Especially in the English magazine "Interbuild", September issue 61, pages 38-40, and elsewhere the applicant has already proposed cells that each comprise one or two individual residential units that are based on

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or stacked next to the same cells or next to each other be laid to build collective residential buildings.

Such cells actually lie as right-angled prisms

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in front of which the hexagonal base is stacked on top of each other or juxtaposition enables the production of buildings in which two opposite side surfaces form a floor or a ceiling, which ensure a high level of stability, with the cells arranged in this way are that window openings in the end faces, the pediments form each cell result.

It is true that this type of cell is suitable for the manufacture of comfortable apartments in the factory, the mechanical ones Have the strength that should be present in such cells in order to be able to stack on two opposite one another Facilitating pages, but it has led to embodiments whose retail price is too high.

In French patent specification 1 599 270 of December 13, 1968 there has been proposed a prismatic element with a hexagonal base extending in the longitudinal direction or in the Transverse direction can be combined with other elements and mounted on other elements to form a cell structure or to build honeycomb structures, with two opposing surfaces of such a cell having two side surfaces form.

However, the shelf element suggested by this patent has not resulted in low sales prices, because the dimensions of the elements inclined in the transverse direction and the perpendicular sides in the transverse direction must be very large to avoid bending.

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The purpose of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks.

According to the main object of the invention, a component is to be proposed which has a lower sales price made possible for the construction of individual houses as well as residential collectives or public buildings suitable is.

The invention is based on the essential object Specify field or subject element that is mass-produced and is suitable for the construction of commercial cell structures, with which one can then create honeycomb-shaped building complexes can perform.

Such a compartment element comprises six rectangular side faces which form a rectangular prism, and transverse elements which correspond to the side edges of the two adjacent ones Side surfaces are integrally connected to form a roof-shaped part that extends below the floor lying, which is supported by the above-mentioned transverse elements, the base of this prism being an irregular one Forms a hexagon that still has two planes of symmetry that are vertical and horizontal.

According to the invention, the compartment element is in the side surface represent a square consisting of profiles, the edge profiles forming a roof-shaped structure and with ■ are connected to the profiles that form the transverse elements, with the help of other profiles, so that a crossbeam el em ent arises.

Preferably, the relative lengths of the profiles forming the sides of the hexagon are chosen to be values equal to not very far from those of a regular hexagon because a honeycomb arrangement of such specialist

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elements is only able to transfer the loads well to ensure, so that saved on material when the relative proportions of these sides roughly correspond to those of a regular hexagon.

The structure of such a specialist element is apparently well suited for series production in a factory, whereby favorable sales prices are achieved for the specialist element can be.

In addition, such a compartment element has a relatively low weight, which makes handling and quick ! Transport of the element favors.

The invention also relates to a living cell that is created by putting together elements that correspond to the are similar to the compartment element described above.

The profiles of the specialist element are essential for such a composition preferably known profiles such. B. U-profiles or angle irons, the flat webs a comfortable and allow quick mounting on the webs of other similar compartment elements.

The structure with openings resulting from such amalgamation the elements are created, allows the parts to be fastened quickly and practically with little manpower, in order to build frames known per se that have a low weight and to build a comfortable cell allow. Such frames have a high mechanical strength and are well insulated against heat and noise. They have a good fire retardant effect.

Such a cell is characterized in that it has a side edge arranged below its floor

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which is built up by the edges of the roof-shaped structures of the beam elements, which correspond to the compartments, and in that it is carried by supports arranged according to two lines which form the end portions of the Corresponding to beam elements, these end parts also corresponding to two opposite side ends, the in turn form the sides of the cell.

Window and door openings can be in the racks with an outline that corresponds to the cross-section of the cell, and be provided with conventional profiles to form the transverse end walls, or gables, which are preferably capable are to ensure a reinforcement of the mechanical load capacity of the cell.

Furthermore, other profiles are preferably provided in at least one transverse plane of the cell in order to provide a support arrangement to represent, which carries the frame of the partition walls and which also the mechanical strength of the cell preferably supported.

The cell is apparently suitable for an arrangement two rooms, which are arranged stooping against the back, each with a gable with door and Window openings is fitted.

The elements that form the compartment of such a cell can be so large that their opposite Walls forming the sides connected in their central parts to the ends of the transverse elements that are supposed to support the second floor.

In this way, each residential unit that is to be accommodated in such a cell has two residential floors, the known apartments correspond.

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As a result, such a cell can be built with one or two floors despite the mechanical strength and comfort be of sufficiently light weight to be transported by conventional means of transport, e.g. B. with an IKW a road so that the cell can be manufactured in a factory.

Other features of such a cell are simplicity the structure and the light weight, what a comfortable Assembly in a workshop at the construction site. Such a workshop can because of the cheap transportation provided with a supply of compartment elements be, whereby the factory production is made possible.

Finally, the invention relates to a building with a honeycomb structure, which by folding of cells as described above.

Cells of this type can in fact be assembled side by side in a sheet, with the cells attached at least two parallel lines are carried. The beam elements of the lower roof-shaped parts of each cell can thus lie end to end and side by side to form a plate that attaches to the joists that resembles a bridge and that is suitable for all applications.

Furthermore, others similar to the above-mentioned situation can be used Layers can be stacked to form a building with a honeycomb structure, which is excellent has lateral strength and that for an excellent transfer of the loads on the cells of the provides a layer on the cells that are in layers below this layer. The mechanical resilience of the Plate «of each cell layer is supported by the support arrangements

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the transverse side walls of each cell are considerably reinforced.

It is clear that connecting corridors for lateral Connections and vertical connection shafts can easily be provided because of the openings, which are provided in the adjacent side walls or in the inclined walls of the adjacent cells, to enable the necessary circulation, especially in such a building that is a collective housing unit represents.

Further features and advantages of the invention can be found in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings The description and the drawings relate only to examples of the invention. It demonstrate:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a honeycomb

Component according to the invention}

Fig. 2 in perspective and on a size

ren scale a detail of the element according to Fig. 1}

Fig. 3 in perspective and partially abge

cut a living cell built with elements according to FIG can be;

Figure 4 is a plan view of a detail

the assembled elements according to Fig. 5?

Fig. 5 ^s, 5b is a vertical cross-section or

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a horizontal section of the arrangement, which consists of cells lying side by side according to FIG. 3 ″ j

6 and 7 a diagram of the assembly of the cells according to FIG.

Fig. 8 schematically and partially abge

cut an arrangement built with elements according to FIG is}

9a to 9c are diagrams on a smaller scale, different building designs pertaining to collective living, which can be built up from cells according to FIG. 3.

In Fig. 1 you can see 6 profile elements 1a to 1f, which according to the sides of a hexagon a, b, c, d, e, f are arranged in one plane. The hexagon has two planes of symmetry X, X ', Y, Y'. These profiles are in pairs Welding connected to each other. The length of the profiles 1a, 1d is the same, and the same applies to the lengths of the four other profiles 1b, Ic, 1e, 1f. The profiles 1a, 1d are vertical and slightly longer than the other four profiles 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f, which are inclined.

Six other profiles 1a to 2f, each corresponding to the profiles 1a to 1f, and which are parallel to these, are arranged in a different plane, that of the above-mentioned Plane is parallel. The ends of the six other profiles 3s to 3f are at the respective bleak corners "a to f '' 'of these two hexagons connected to each other. she

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are perpendicular with respect to the planes of the hexagons.

As can be seen, the profiles 1a, 2a and 1d, which have the vertical edges of the two opposite side surfaces represent the right-angled prism formed in this way, a U-shaped, known per se Cross-section, with the other profiles 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f, 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f forming two webs and being angled iron.

The webs of the angle irons 1b, 1c, 1e, 1g are partially in the planes of the hexagonal base of the prism and partly in the planes of the side faces of the prism. The same thing applies to angle irons 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f on the other side. These "side bars" of the angle irons of each face lie opposite each other.

Furthermore, the core pieces of the Ü-profiles 1a, 1d and 2a, 2d also arranged in the respective base plane of the prism. Their outer webs are in the two respective ones Planes of the side surfaces that form the side walls of this prism, whereby they are also directed towards each other are.

An angle iron element 4v is at its two ends (Fig. 2a) welded to the ends of the elements that form the top corners "a and c" of the first hexagon.

Ih the same way is a 4r angle iron that corresponds to the Angle iron 4v corresponds, at the ends of the corresponding Elements of the other rectangle attached. The webs of these angle irons 4v, 4r are arranged in a way which corresponds to the angle iron mentioned above.

As can be seen, the profiles 1b, 2b and 1c, 2c form two surfaces of a roof-shaped structure, the edge of which,

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which corresponds to profile 3b, is below the level, which is determined by the angle iron 4-v, 4r. This arrangement the profile represents a beam element with two roof supports, which are the roof supports of a conventional beam correspond, but are turned upside down. These roof supports are in a known manner a profile 1g which forms a pillar and reinforces other profiles (not shown) which are known per se Form grid.

Furthermore, profiles 1h, 2h are arranged obliquely between the upper corners ⁿ a ^M and the cross members 4-v, 4r.

In addition, profiles 5v, 5r are similar to profiles 4-v, 4-r correspond, the latter arranged in parallel and at their ends with the middle parts of the vertical U-profiles 1a, 2a, 1b, 2b connected.

Finally, slats or corresponding profiles 6 in the form of a St. Andrew's cross are in the respective Arranged planes which are formed by the profiles 1a, 2a and the profiles 1d, 2d. Your ends are through Welding connected to the corresponding profiles to offer in a known manner a support that increases the mechanical strength of the Squares made possible by the above-mentioned vertical members with the side profiles 3a and 3f and 3c and 3b are formed.

Furthermore, a profile 12v is connected at its ends to the central part of the profile 5v and to the ends of the profiles which form the upper corner ^M e "of the first hexagon to form a vertical reinforcing member of the corresponding transverse surface. A second vertical member 12r corresponding to the vertical link 12v,

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is also arranged in the corresponding transverse surface of the other hexagon.

Finally it can be seen that the core pieces and the webs of the above-mentioned profiles 1a to 12v have bores for fastening means known per se (screws, bolts, clamps, etc.) may include, whereupon will be received later.

It can be seen from the foregoing description that the above-described arrangement of the profiles ^{comprises an "E M} element which has the shape of a right-angled prism and which, despite its low weight, is rigid. It can be seen that the lengths of the profiles which form the bases of the Form prisms, in particular in the height direction can roughly correspond to a two-story building that has two floors one above the other, in particular with a ground floor and a first floor.

It can also be seen that such an element is in the Workshop made by mass production easily can be. Such preparation involves simple steps such as: B. cutting and welding of the profiles, so that the demands on the workforce are relatively low. It also can because of the rigidity and the light weight such an element can be easily handled and transported.

According to FIG. 3, elements BI, E2..., For example according to element "E" of FIG. 1, are present. These elements are arranged end to end, while the core pieces of the U-profiles 1a, 1d and the webs of the angle irons 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f of each transverse surface of the respective ⁿ E ^N element against the core pieces and the corresponding webs of the corresponding Area of the adjacent ⁿ E ^N element.

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Furthermore (see Fig. 4) these are core pieces and webs by screw bolts and nuts 7 together connected, which are inserted into holes in these parts of the profiles.

In this regard, it will be seen that the profiles 2a of one "E" compartment are connected to those of another compartment so that an "H" shape is formed. You can see that the ^I! E "compartments can be constructed from" H "profiles. In this case, two consecutive profiles are not against one another. They are arranged at a distance and connected to one another by profiles Ja to Jf and screws or bolts.

In all cells, such an arrangement forms a component, on the inner transverse surfaces of which foam plates 13 by means of Screws or clamps, etc. can be attached. Such foam sheets are preferably made of fire retardant Phenolic plastic and have a high insulation ability against heat and sound. Plates 14 made of wood particles or wood chips within the plates 13 increase the fire-retardant effect and the mechanical strength.

The lining material comprises a film 15 or a tissue ,, which on the free surface of the plates 14 through. Adhesive or the like. Can be attached. In addition, glass wool 16 can be applied to the kick of the plates 13 be, so that a compact covering is created, which is between the profiles of the component by a plate arrangement 16a, 16b can be held with a relatively light weight. These panels are rigid and light in weight. she form a barrier against atmospheric effects and a "wall" that offers protection against the effects of the weather. These plates 16a, 16b, in particular aluminum plates or plates made of galvanized sheet steel, are on the webs

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of the profiles, as in the case of the panels 13 and the paneling 14.

The component constructed in this way is protected against changes in the outside temperature in order to avoid the unfavorable Prevent the effects of thermal expansion and shrinkage.

The floors can with insulating materials that are rigid and 'relatively light, especially with panels, for example like the panels 14 ·, be constructed and by the profiles 4v to be worn for each of these items. The partition walls can also be inside the cell be built in such a way that they can e.g. B. the different ßäumitäten limit a residential unit.

Some of the partitions can be arranged in the transverse direction between two perpendicular composite members, which consists of an arrangement of the profiles 1a, 2a and 1d, 2d and the support elements 17a to 17c Q? ig. 8) built which correspond approximately to the elements 6 and between these vertical members and other profiles of the corresponding Transverse section can be provided, namely to reinforce the cell in the transverse direction to achieve.

Finally, the transverse end faces of this ^{component consisting of "E 11} elements" can be closed off by walls which also include panels, window and door openings, which are preferably attached to the end profiles of the arrangement.

The assembly of the component described above and the various manufacturing processes mentioned above can be carried out economically carried out as standard in a workshop

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will. The dimensions of a cell with two back-to-back, two-story, equipped with stairs Housing units do indeed allow transport on the back of a truck or trailer.

In this context it should be emphasized that a single-storey cell, which is suitable for the construction of public spaces, has a height ¹¹ H "and a length" L "(S ¹ Xg. 5) of 3.50 m or 3» 15 m or 3.76 m with a length of the cell of 14 m, which corresponds to a weight of 7 tons Own weight of 14 tons.

If longer transport routes come into question, you can manufacture embodiments in the factory, their parts can be assembled in a simple workshop on site.

The walls that form the gables are the two end faces of the cell that are equipped with openings. Because of the beam elements of each "E" element, this cell can be supported in a stable manner by supports 8 (pillars, masonry blocks, etc.) arranged in two or three lines that define the lower edges "a, ^w c and ^M b of the sides and the roof-shaped part of the cell These support means can be in the form of pillars or masonry blocks or cement.

Furthermore (see Fig. 5a, 5b), the cells of FIG. 3 can (which are composed of elements which are similar to the ^W E ^M -Fachelement) arranged side by side and are connected to each other, namely z. B. with bolts and nuts 9 »the holes in the outer webs of the profiles 1a, 2a, 1d, 2d, 3a, 3f, 3c -> 3d the

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Sides of these cells are introduced.

The beam elements that support the lower floors of the cells are then connected to one another. They form one Plate that is attached to the beam and that can easily absorb the loads on the cells that weight on the simple supports. Depending on the local conditions, these simple supports can be placed on lines according to the sides of the cells or only at the edges "b" of the roof-shaped structure below the lower floor be arranged.

This lower part of the structure that is built up in this way is in fact similar to building a bridge. Incidentally, it is not necessary to provide a support under each of the edges.

In this way (see FIG. 8a), such a "layer" of the "c" cells can only be placed on a few ^H P ^w cells which are accordingly arranged according to the possible circumstances in order to be carried by the latter. This cell layer can in fact be raised by lifting means known per se to a height corresponding to ^{the height of the upper surfaces of the M} P ^{M cells.}

These "P * cells form columns that, as you can see, on. about the supports 8 corresponding supports are arranged, the upper parts of which form a capital that the Strength of the bridge in the form of layer * c * increased. Every of these corners is in fact in a strut system of a similar shape (Fig. 7), the one has particularly high mechanical strength because the strut system through the adjoining surfaces of the lower roof-shaped parts formed by the two cells, the

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next to this location "c".

This arrangement with the point downward of the roof-shaped parts "favors a transfer of the loads of the bar on the cells that make up this column. It is known that substantial savings in building materials are possible with such a honeycomb arrangement. In addition, the upper part of the "E" elements reinforces, the profiles 1a, 1d, 1e / -If, 12v, 5v and the profiles of the transverse partition walls comprise this component.

The bridge-shaped plate is reinforced by the V-shaped elements of the transverse partition walls of each cell (Fig. 8), which partition walls can lie ^{in a transverse plane of each * c tt layer.}

Likewise (see Fig. 9b, 9c) can be carried on the supports 8 Cell groups d, c2, c3 carry the cells of a layer c4, wherein openings or gaps are left between the cells which are the total width of one or more Cells to form a canopy in this way. With the help of suitable lifting equipment or by Using a helicopter, other cells can be placed on this layer c4. They are available as positions c5, c6 ... connected to each other, e.g. B. to build a collective housing unit.

The stability of such stacked cells, including the cells that are arranged on the bands of the layers, obviously resembles that of a bridge cell according to FIG are necessary. As can be seen, the sections of the profiles of the ⁿ E "elements of the cells of each layer are attached to the

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Adapted to loads that they have to withstand. This also applies to the dimensions of the supports on the earth's surface and the cells that make up the pillars.

It can thus be seen that the various arrangements made with cells correspond to the cells according to FIG. 3 can be, can meet very different requirements, and such an arrangement above a street or a stream or above various ground surfaces. This is also possible, though the nature of the ground requires greater distances between the supports.

Furthermore, the trees that are in the cells lie, serve various purposes, such as B. to build hospitals, schools or other public Buildings and for the construction of collective housing units.

In the case of an arrangement that consists of several cells one on top of the other, a certain number of * E * compartment elements Have sides that are used to build corridors (]? Ig. 6) that have horizontal connections between adjacent cells (arrow f1). It is also possible to have different * E * subjects, but accordingly are selected to be provided in the superimposed cells in order to create shafts for elevators and / or To create stairs that provide connections in the vertical direction (arrow f2).

Furthermore, various channels 10 for water, gas, electricity, etc., which are necessary for loving in an apartment, can be provided within the roof-shaped beams of this * E ^W -Pächer, which are supported by suitable support means (clamps, trestles · ..) are. These supports are attached to the profiles of these beam elements. Furthermore, these

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Channels 10 at each cell below the lower floor be connected to other channels 10 extending in the transverse direction, namely parts of the floor form part of a corridor in order to form the supply network of a residential floor.

Finally, these channels 11 can also be connected to channels for similar equipment below and above these parts are connected by housings in the shafts of the elevators and the stairs are arranged.

It can be seen that the structure described above leads to a reduction in the selling price of 30 to 50 % with respect to known buildings. Such a reduction results from various features of the building system, that is:

a) normal application of standardized elements that do not pose any difficulties bring with them (profiles, panels ...),

b) serial production of compartments and cells in the workshop,

c) light weight of the compartments and cells (ten times lighter than a conventional equivalent construction),

d) Assembly without disadvantages, all year round and regardless of temperature, and

e) easy assembly.

These features enable handling, conveyance and speed of manufacture that 400 to 650 working hours for two apartments with 3-4-

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Rooms "need. In addition, no formwork and Scaffolding necessary. Finally, the speed of the construction system leads to an increase in credit.

Patents claims

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Claims (10)

Claims *. Λ .J Construction element in the shape of a right-angled prism with a hexagonal base, which forms a longitudinal or longitudinal field of a cell of a building, with six rectangular sides, two of which are side surfaces, and transverse elements that support a floor and those with the side edges of the two adjacent surfaces are connected, which form a roof-shaped structure below the floor, characterized in that it consists of profile elements and that each of the side surfaces is in the form of a square which results from the assembly of such profile elements e. 2. Compartment element according to claim 1, characterized in that that the transverse elements that support the ceiling, and the profile elements of the surface form a roof-shaped structure which is arranged next to the floor, and the Profile elements are connected to each other by other profiles to represent a crossbeam. 3 · Compartment element according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized that the two opposite sides, Form the side surfaces, between them comprise at least two other profile elements that have the shape of a Accept the St. Andrew's Cross to increase the mechanical strength of the square. 4. Compartment element according to one of claims 1, 2 and 3> characterized in that the two opposing surfaces which form the side faces are in their central part are connected to other cross members supporting another floor. 5 · Building cell, which is due to the assembly end at - 21 309882/0585 * End with similar elements with a compartment element according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 results, namely with the cultivation of wall elements on the profiles of said trusses, characterized in that the floor is through transverse beam elements is carried, which resemble the support beams of a known roof. 6. building cell according to claim 5 »characterized in that that support elements, which are in particular profile elements, are arranged in at least one transverse section of the cell are to support a transverse partition. 7. Building cell according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the wall elements comprise fire-retardant and insulating panels, the profile elements of the compartments being insulated. 8. Building from the honeycomb assembly of the cells according to one of claims 5 »6 and 7, characterized in that that the transverse beam elements of a cell ply are connected to one another to form a plate, which is connected to the transverse beam. 9 · Building according to claim 8, characterized in that the transverse partition walls with support elements at least are partially arranged in a transverse plane. 10. Building according to one of claims 8 and 9 »thereby characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of cells wherein the cells are simply arranged, some being Cells form distributed columns. 309882/0585 Blank page