DE2262714A1 - ELECTROLYTIC CHLORINE GENERATOR - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. F. WUESTHOFF "-. _S MUNICH 9Ο DR.E.v. PEOHMANN SOnWIIGEHSIHATE 3 DR. ING. D. BEHRENS telephone (OBlD OG 30 51 DIPL. ING. R. GOETZ ^{τϊωΙ 5 a} * ^ma PATENT ANWiLLTl: ρηοΪεοΪΪΙτεΪτ

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Description

Korgan Berkeley & Company Limited,

Ember House, Hersham Green, "Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England

Electrolytically working ore generator

The invention relates to an electrolytic one Chlorine generator with an essentially flat, rectangular one Base part for fastening to the inner wall of a seawater, in particular cooling water, for the V / arm engine Ship touching pipe.

On large ships, especially those powered by steam turbines are driven, it is common to cool the .värmekraftmaschine and / or to liquefy water vapor Absorb sea water. The water enters an inlet, is in a line to the cooling system or to the condenser guided and then expelled. An Efachteil such an arrangement is that with the water organic Plants, such as plants or mud, and crustaceans, such as huddles, can be picked up on the walls the water pipes in the system get stuck and cause blockages and malfunctions in the valves and pumps. It has been suggested to carry out such organisms

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Generating or splitting off chlorine from seawater by electrolytic means Ways of killing or rendering harmless.

The invention is based on the object of an electrolytically operating chlorine generator suitable for this purpose to improve.

This object is achieved with a chlorine generator of the type described at the outset, which according to the invention is thereby is characterized by the fact that the base part has a plurality of guide bodies extending over the entire length of the base part rises up that the gap or the gap between the guide bodies has one or more channels open on both sides form of predominant longitudinal extent, and that over the majority of the one or more channels delimiting Conductor surfaces extend electrolysis electrodes. Such a chlorine generator can be installed directly on the wall of a Line carrying seawater be arranged so that the channels formed in the chlorine generator with the seawater flow run through the line. It is not necessary to accommodate the chlorine generator in the wall of the pipe in which the chlorine generator should work to form a special recess or cavity. The installation of the chlorine generator is easy and cheap that way.

Preferably three or more guide bodies are provided which form a plurality of channels. In a preferred embodiment according to the invention there are six guide bodies provided that form five channels. The channels are preferably at the top, i.e. on the side facing away from the base part, closed. This inclusion can be made with a cover that is attached to the guide bodies or with them Is formed in one piece, which, however, is preferably removable.

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The guide bodies are preferably made of a plastic, expediently made of a fiberglass-reinforced synthetic resin. They are preferably formed in one piece with their base parts from this starting material. If necessary, you can however, also the guide body, integral with the cover and be formed from this protruding downwards. By When the cover is put on, the guide elements take their position relative to the base part. The electrolysis electrodes are preferably made of platinum-coated titanium.

When installing and using the chlorine generator in one line of a ship "there is a risk that the line will be exposed to electrolytic corrosion. With this problem are to be reduced according to the invention near the guide body ends Protective electrodes are provided, which are electrically insulated from the electrolysis electrodes, to enable operation to be kept at a positive potential «, This process allows adequate shielding of the Electrolysis electrodes against the metal of the line,

Another feature of the invention is that one or more chlorine generators in the seawater inlet of a ship are arranged with their base parts on the conduction band so that the channels formed in the chlorine generator run with the army water current through the pipe, and that the chlorine generator (s) is or are electrically connected to a power source with which the Electrolysis electrodes have electrolysis potentials applied. The power source preferably supplies the protective electrodes positive potentials.

There is another one for preventing electrolytic corrosion and simpler procedure. No protective electrodes are required, but instead a constant bias voltage.

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which is applied to the guide body \ d.rd and which is sufficient to to keep all metal sheets in the chlorine generator at potentials that are equal to or more positive than the surrounding metal parts are. The Leitkorpersystem is designed so that a controlled amount of electricity from the sheet metal or electrode assembly can drain. This current contributes to the cathodic protection of the pipeline system at all times.

The chlorine generator designed according to the invention also has three important features with which practical disadvantages in the above-described arrangement are avoided permit. Is the one flowing between the electrolysis electrodes Electrolysis current, a direct current, exists as a result of decomposition of sea water has the tendency to form a calcareous film or coating, which becomes very raw due to clogging can cause the system to fail. A first preferred feature of the invention is therefore that the potential existing between the main electrodes is periodically reversible in its direction, but that the protective electrodes always maintain the potential of the most positive sheets or electrodes or have a more positive potential as the potential at the point of the electrolytic path in which the protective electrodes are arranged. this is in an embodiment according to the invention by the Achieved using a voltage divider rheostat.

The periodicity of the reversal of the direction of the electrolysis current or the switch-on time of the electrolysis current in each direction depends on two factors. For the first passes after switching a new direction of current for a time before chlorine is produced in an effective amount. The second comes If a certain direction of current is maintained for too long, deposits will result, din when the direction of current is reversed not readily eliminated. the

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Switch-on duration of the current for a "specific direction is therefore preferably about 10 seconds and 10 minutes. This corresponds to a period of between 20 seconds and 20 minutes.

The second important feature of the invention results from the use of noble metal electrodes. Even if the titanium substrate makes up a substantial proportion, it would be advantageous if thin electrodes could be used, since these are cheaper and lighter. This could be achieved by reacting so turns the electrode, that only one side of the electrode surface has a platinum surface and the electrode is accommodated in a recess formed in the guide body small recess in the turned-around guide body condition möglicherx \ ^r ice. When using this type of system, the resistance of the thin sheet causes an uneven distribution of current between the electrodes, with the current density being much greater at the transition point or point of contact. A preferred feature of the invention is therefore that the electrode sheets are turned over around the guide bodies so that the foldover point is arranged once on the upper part of one guide body and once around the base of the adjacent guide body (s)

leads to a large saving in terms of the thickness of the electrode and ensures an even current distribution.

In a preferred circuit arrangement, a power source is provided which supplies the electrolysis electrodes with power via a group of silicon controlled rectifiers or silicon thyristors. These control when entering and Turn off the direction of the current supplied to the electrodes. Switching the rectifier on and off or Thyristors happens via a control circuit that generates a control signal with a suitable waveform. in the

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in general, sea or salt water cooling systems have one k-ethical protection order on, "when distributed in the system and a plurality of anodes are held at a positive potential at a distance from one another. Mostly will be 20 anodes used. According to the third preferred feature of the invention, each chlorine generator becomes one Liit a constant current working anode of the aforementioned Systems. For this purpose, a direct bias voltage can be applied, which is the average potential the electrolysis electrodes moves. Such a dual purpose arrangement offers a special advantage, especially in the case of a chlorine generator with electrically interchangeable Electrodes (reversing gate electrode chlorinator).

The invention is illustrated in the following with the aid of a schematic Drawings of several embodiments explained with further details. In the drawing shows:

1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention with three chlorine generators according to the invention equipped ship,

2A, 2B and 20 show a chlorine generator according to the invention in side view, in plan view with cover, and in plan view without cover,

Fig. 3 is a section along the line B-B in Fig. 20, Fig. 4 is a section along the line A-A in Fig. 2B,

4-A shows a section through a preferred electrode arrangement and

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5 shows a circuit diagram of part of a power supply system for the chlorine shown in Fig. 1. producer.

In Fig. 1, part of a ship's hull is designated by 1 ". The ship has a steam turbine (not shown). The steam can be liquefied in a liquefier 2 with seawater, the" while the ship is in motion in the with an arrow The indicated normal direction of movement is caught in an inlet opening 3, is guided in a line 4 past an inlet valve 5 through the condenser and out of the ship through an outlet line 6. When the ship is at a standstill, the inlet valve 5 S ^e ~ is closed and an auxiliary pump 7 is put into operation, whereby army water is sucked in via a water tank 8 and through lines 9 to the condenser 2. To prevent crustaceans and other organisms from settling in the system, chlorine is generated or split off from the incoming seawater with four chlorine generators 10a to 10d. It can be seen from the drawing that a chlorine generator 10 is arranged in front of the inlet valve 5 and chlorine generators 10b and 10c are arranged in the inlet to the condenser. The fourth chlorine generator 10Ö. is located in the water tank 8.

To supply the chlorine generator with electrolysis current, three current source arrangements 11, 12 and 13 are provided. the Power source 11 is connected to chlorine generator 10b, power source 12 to chlorine generator 10c, while the power source 13 with the chlorine generators via a switch 10a and 1Od can be connected. Of the latter two chlorine generators, only one is in operation, each according to whether the sea water is taken in through line 4 or through line 9.

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It; 3ei now au: 'Fig. 2 bis ·' -! referenced. Each chlorine generator is formed in essentially of glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin and has a substantially flat, rectangular base part '\ ^l) is auegehen of the six over the entire length of the base part extending draw bar 16 ■. The guide bodies 16 are shown in plan view in FIG. PG. Fig. 2B is a similar view showing a glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin cover Ύ] placed over the guide bodies.

In operation, every chlorine generator is fed directly on the inner wall of a pipe. In Fig. 'J and 1st -'i- the steel pipe wall designated 18. The chlorine generator is arranged in such a way that channels 19 which are formed between the upstanding guide bodies 16 and extend in the longitudinal direction run with the direction of flow of the Kcerwasser in the line. A small portion of the sea water transported in the pipe therefore flows through the channels 19. The chlorine generator is fastened with Stalil stud bolts 20, which are welded to the pipe wall (Fig. '-! -). From the chlorine generator, electrical supply lines are led out through the line wall. Special precautions have been taken, ur: at this point: to ensure a good watertight seal. A sealing steel plug is welded into the opening.

^: .. ^; . he seen from Figure 20, to a considerable Toil of liJ.ttelabschnittes each lej ^ is the body 16 an electrolysis egg: provided ktrode ^"1 P, which engages over the upper part of the guide body and extending on both sides of LeitkörOcrs down Ilan. . detects DAB i operation, these Eli..ktrol7se-El ^f .kt.iOoc-m are alternately Oolarisiert mutually positive and negative, und'daß between them a strong eij '>;. trolyse-Stroiii the current flows is of

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Sea water is passed in the channels 19, in which chlorine is produced by the electrolytic "Jirkung", which is carried along by the outgoing sea water. The electrolysis electrodes are made of platinum-coated titanium. In most cases an electrolysis current of 80 A "is used a voltage of 60 V "is used. With the dimensions shown in the drawing, the width of the channels 19 being approximately 4.8 mm", the generation of Cl _{0 is} mostly 0.46 kg / h. Three such chlorine generators generate around 1.4 kg of Gl _o / h, which corresponds to a chlorine quantity of around 0.2 mg / l at a water throughput of around 6200 nr / h. IiIo £ is sufficient for most purposes, but it goes without saying that a larger number of chlorine generators can be used if greater chlorine requirements are required.

Reference is again made to FIG. 2C. The guide bodies have additional platinum-coated titanium at their ends produced protective electrodes 25. These are located at a distance from the electrodes 22 and are in operation with applied to a high potential. This is for prevention Electrolytic corrosion otherwise occurring in the line due to the action of the electrolysis electrodes.

In Pig. Figure 4A is a section through an alternative and preferred one The arrangement of the electrolysis electrodes on the guide bodies of the chlorine generator is shown. There are six here too Guide body '16a is provided, which form five channels 19a. the Electrolysis electrodes are made of titanium and have a platinum layer on only one surface. The electrodes are arranged so that the platinum-coated surface after on the outside. Titanium coated with platinum is expensive and difficult to bend, so that results from the use of Thin sheet gives an advantage. Thin sheet, however, has one high electrical resistance, which in the case of the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 4 becomes an undesirable one

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Power distribution stir v.iircl &. According to Fig. ^ A are therefore the EIt ctrode sheets are arranged differently so that successive sheets are unbeaten at opposite ends of the guide body. Electrodes 22a are across the Upper parts of guide bodies 16a undefeated, while electrodes 22b during the pre-molding process in dissolving material "starting material are shaped, 30 that never in more effective wines and those Base parts of the guide bodies are undefeated.

In the arrangement shown in Fig »'ΙΑ is through the passage of the electrolysis current caused the voltage drop across the electrodes 22a to the voltage drop across the Electrodes 22b rectified. This results in opposite the arrangement in Fig. -I- a more uniform or even distribution of the electrolysis current.

FIG. 5 shows part of a power supply system for supplying the chlorine generator shown in FIG. 1 with electrolysis current. The current comes from the ship's alternating current network and is fed to a two-way rectifier 25 via a transformer 23. The output of the rectifier is via four silicon-controlled rectifiers or silicon thyristors Al, B2, A2 and BI on two leads

27 and 28 connected. Via a (not shown) Control circuit ground the four silicon thyristors of the Connected in series so that the through lines 27 and

28 outgoing electrolysis current flows alternately in one direction and in the other. For monitoring the electrolysis current an ammeter 29 with zero point is provided in the center of the scale.

Although not shown in Fig. ^Λ , there are about 20 platinum-coated in the ship's cooling system! Titanium-made anodes arranged in a distributed manner. These anodes are kept at a positive potential in order to avoid the connections

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attenuate cathodic corrosion in the system. It is useful to use the chlorine generator 10 as some of the anodes of the cathodic protection system. . In order to maintain the appropriate positive voltage at these chlorine generators, a current of about 3 A serving for cathodic protection is supplied via a connection point 30 to the smock tap of the secondary winding of the transformer 25. This keeps the mean level of the electrolysis electrodes at a positive value. Your DC electrolysis current is periodically reversed in direction to avoid difficulties associated with the polarization of the electrolysis system. This manifests itself in particular as a hard white deposit on the cathodes. The. Current is left for about 1 minute in one direction and then, after a resting period of a few seconds, during which the silicon thyristors are switched dead, for about 1 minute in the reversed direction, and so much more.

The aforementioned control circuit is used to time-control the trigger pulses for the silicon thyristors. The control electrodes of the silicon thyristors are each connected to connection pieces arranged in pairs at the output of the control circuit. . periodically repetitive trigger pulses generated to be determined for triggering times the time .Control is performed with a Koiidensator control circuit in which two .- "'' rush.? i ο generated NEN, namely on? Switch-on or conduction time of a thyristor pair and another waveform matched to the conduction time of the other thyristor pair. The waveforms are combined and fed to a gate Transistör, the hochfro-fiuente trigger pulses to the Si] i zium thyristors passes.

BAD ORfGiNAL

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The invention is not limited to the one embodiment described above and shown in the drawing. For example, in some cases adequate cathodic protection is possible without using the anodes 20, inlexj one only to the guide body of the chlorine generator applies a bias. You can also use the protective electrodes 23 can be waived.

/Expectations

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Claims (12)

8 MtTNCIIEIi 9O TELEPHONE (0811>"· - * - f - * · * * S 84 07Q Ρ11 & ΪΕΟΤΡΑΤΕΙ? Τ 1 -42 368. AIgISiCHI Q)> Electrolytically working !? Ohlorergenerator with an essentially flat, rectangular base part for attachment to the inner wall of an army water, in particular cooling water for the pipe leading to the armored power machine of a ship, which means that the base part (15 ) a plurality of guide bodies (16) extending over the entire length of the base part (15) so that the gap or gaps between the guide bodies (16) have one or more channels (19) open on both sides and of predominant length " form, and that electrolysis electrodes (22) extend over the predominant part of the guide body surfaces delimiting the channel or channels 2. Oil producers neieh claimb. 1, (äadu ^ ch. Ge fc e η η «■ ζ ei ο h η * et that three or more Iieitko; rper (16) can be seen, which a plurality of channels (19} 3 »Ghlorerzeugey according to claim 2, daduroh g e k e η, η ^ ζ e i c h n e t that six LeitkoiOer (1Sa) are providedj the five channels (19a) form. 4l ·, Chlorine generator according to one of Claims 1 to 3 »da <iureh marked that. the channels (19, 19a) after at the top with a removable cover (17) are attached, 5. Chlorine generator according to one of claims 1 to 4 ·, characterized marked that the ilctrolysis (22a, 22b) sheets with one-sided 309826/1100 -Ί-2 Precious metal coating are that the sheets (22a, 22b) are folded around the guide body (16a) so that the noble metal coating v / eist »and that the Sheets (22a, 22b) alternate around the top and the base of the associated guide body (16a) are turned over, with one guide body (16) having a more unbeaten base at its base Sheet (22b) between guide bodies (16a) with sheet metal (2- ^ folded over on the upper part) and vice versa. 6. Ohlorerzeuger according to one of claims 1 to 5 »thereby characterized in that the guide body (16) with their base parts (15) are molded in one piece from plastic. 7. chlorine generator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that near the guide body ends Protective electrodes (23) are provided by the electrolysis electrodes (22) are electrically isolated so that they can be kept at a positive potential during operation. 8. Chlorine generator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the Me erwasser-E Iniauf (4) a ship with one or more chlorine generators (10) their base parts (15) so arranged on the pipe wall are that the channels (19) formed in the chlorine generator (10) run with the seawater flow through the line (4-) » and that the chlorine generator (s) (10) is or are electrically connected to a power source with which to let the electrolysis electrodes (22) apply electrolysis potentials. 9. Chlorine generator nacfc. Claim 8, characterized in that the power supply takes place in the Heise, that the direction of the potential between the electrolysis electrode (22) is periodically reversible, wherein / 5 3098 26/1100 - f - 42 368 the Schutsel-ectroden (23). however are more positive than that Potential at the point of the electrolytic path in which the protective electrodes (23) are arranged. 10. Chlorine generator according to claim 9, characterized in that the period of the ElektrolysestroEis is between 20 seconds and 20 minutes. 11. Chlorine generator according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a cathodic protection arrangement is provided that one or more chlorine generators (10) are made to an anode (20) of the cathodic protection system, and that there is a DC bias can be applied to the average potential of the electrolysis electrodes (22) of the anodes (20) made chlorine generator (10) to move inevitably. 12. Chlorine generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrolysis electrodes (22) a constant bias can be applied, which is sufficient to increase the potential at the guide bodies (16) of the chlorine generator (10) to hold at potentials that are equal to or more positive than the surrounding metal parts. 309826/1 10Ö