DE2244020C2 - Electrolysis cell and arrangement of several such electrolysis cells - Google Patents

Description

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9. Electrolysis cell according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized by a cap (7 ', 90, which is arranged insulating at each end (8', 100 of the composite electrode (2 ', 30) and covers this end, wherein a ( 70 of the caps has the positive electrical lead (150 which extends through the cap (70 and is connected to the electrode (20), while the other cap (90 has the negative lead (170 which extends through the cap (90 and connected to the other electrode (30, the cap (90 being provided with an electrolyte inlet communicating with the electrolyte passage (6 ') and the other cap being provided with an outlet (250 connected to the electrolyte passage (60 in Connection.

10. Electrolytic cell according to one of claims 3 to 5 or 9, characterized in that the opposite Ends of the assembled electrode (2 ', 30 of opposite polarity) each through a stopper (13 ', 140, which extends outward from the respective electrode (2', 30.

11. Electrolytic cell according to claim 10, characterized in that the cap (7 ', 9') with a flow channel (12 ', 13') is provided which is in communication with the electrolyte passage (70 and that the Plugs (13 ', 14') each extend outward from their electrodes (2 ', 30) into one of the channels (12', 130 extend.

12. Arrangement of several electrolytic cells according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least two electrolytic cells (50 to 53; 35 'to 38') end to end with one another are connected and has an inlet (54, 39 ') and an outlet (55, 400, the two active Electrode arrangements of each electrolysis cell in series and the electrolysis cells parallel to one another are switched.

13. Arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that a middle section of the arrangement is at a positive DC potential and that the inlet (54, 39 ') and the outlet (55, 400 for the electrolyte are at earth potential.

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell according to the preamble of claim I.

From DE-AS 11 02 709 and DE-OS 14 71 642 and 16 71 425 are known forms of electrolysis cells of the type mentioned above, the tubular Have electrodes of opposite polarity with a common axis, thus creating an annular gap for the electrolyte to form the inner electrode and connecting lines are provided at the ends.

Electrolysis cells of this arrangement are intended in particular for the production of sodium hypochlorite, the is used as an alternative form of chlorine as an economically viable chlorinating agent. Regarding of storage and safety problems It is necessary to use sodium hypochlorite as needed without special Storage can be obtained with the help of electrolytic cells. The chlorine release agent is primarily for use from contamination of water supply or water supply systems, such as sewage systems. Kt'ihlturm complexes, Drinking water supply system. Fire-

Protection systems, irrigation systems or the like, through concentrations of algae, sludge and leachate bacteria, Even with ocean water storage or supply systems there is pollution from algae, mud and Numerous additional organisms such as barnacles, tunicates, hydrocela, bog animals and the like, to fear. The use of the chlorinating agent can counteract the proliferation of these organisms will.

The invention is based on the object of an electrolytic cell of the generic type, which is more powerful and has a compact structure, the electrolytic cell should also be designed so that several electrolytic cells on constructive The least expensive way possible while ensuring a coaxial assignment of cooperating Electrodes can also be physically connected to form a unitary arrangement.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. Further advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

Each electrolytic cell according to the invention contains two active electrode arrangements which are arranged in this way that they take up as little space as possible. Furthermore, the interpretation is made such that none electrical interconnections within the electrolytic cell are required. In the inventive Electrolysis cell, a common, coherent two-pole body serves as a common counterelectrade for both electrode arrangements, which surprisingly does not require a large amount of space can achieve about twice as much power. When supplying such an electrolytic cell with electrical Energy in the passage of water or salt water or a salt solution between the counter electrode and the composite electrodes of opposite polarity become sodium hypochlorite electrolytic obtained and escapes from the electrolytic cell.

The invention is hereinafter referred to explained in more detail on the drawing using examples. In it shows

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electrolytic cell,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an arrangement of several electrolysis cells according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 e.ne longitudinal sectional view later modified Embodiment of an electrolytic cell, and

Flg. 4 shows a schematic view of an arrangement of a plurality of electrolysis cells from FIG. 3.

1 shows an electrolysis cell which has an elongated sleeve 1 which is electrically conductive in this way and which forms the tubular electrodes 2 and 3 composed of opposing poles, the insulations 4 and 5, which are in the form of a ring and serve as spacers and are coaxial with the sleeve 1 are arranged. Butt end to end. The insulations 4 and 5 in the form of a ring are made of an insulating material, such as. B. from a methyl methacrylate polymer (Plexiglas), a fiberglass reinforced polyester resin, an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin. Similar or identical insulations 6 and 7, which are embodied in a ring shape and serve as spacers, are each arranged at the ends of the sleeve 1. The electrodes 2 and 3 composed of opposite poles consist, for example, of titanium, the electrode 2 being arranged between the insulations 4 and 6 formed in ring shape & 5 and the electrode 3 between the insulations 5 and 7 formed in ring shape. The electrode 2 is provided with flanges 8 and 9 at their opposite ends and the electrode 3 with flanges 10 and II at their opposite ends. A retaining and washer 12 fixes the flange 8 under contact with the insulation 6, which is designed in the form of a ring. The flange 9 is fixed in contact with the insulation 4, which is embodied in the form of a ring, with the aid of a retaining or washer 13. The flange 11 is fastened in a similar manner to the insulation 5 constructed in the form of a ring by the retaining or washer 14 and the flange 10 is fastened to the insulation 7 constructed in the form of a ring by the retaining or washer 15. The composite electrodes 2 and 3 are end-to-end secured by bolts 16 and 17 extending through a pair of adjacent and annular insulators 4 and 5.

In Fig. 1, a single electrolytic cell is shown. Of course, a large number of such electrolysis cells can be attached to one another. By using the In Ring-shaped and serving as Abr rjidshalter insulation 6 on a corresponding insulation of a further electrolytic cell with the aid of bolts 18 and 19 is attached, and formed in the shape of a ring and serving as a spacer insulation 7 also on a Another electrolytic cell is attached with the help of bolts 20 and 21. Such a multi-end arrangement at the end of abutting electrolysis cells is shown schematically in FIG. Each electrode 2 and 3 is connected at its ends to electrical connection lines 22 and 23, respectively. The composite, counterpoügen Electrodes 2 and 3 forming sleeve 1 contains a concentric to it and essentially the same inner and tubular counter-electrode 24 common to both electrodes 2, 3 of opposite polarity, which expediently consists of titanium. The inner surface of the electrode 2, which serves as an anode, is provided with a Layer 25 is provided from a metal of the platinum group, expediently platinum, while the outer surface of the counter electrode 24, which is anodic relative to the electrode 3, with a layer 26 made of a metal av> the platinum group, expediently made of platinum, on the area opposite the electrode 3 is, this electrode 3 behaves as a cathode. The counter electrode 24 is from the inner wall of the sleeve 1 arranged at a distance so as to form an annular gap for the electrolyte passage 27 around the inner electrode 24. Opposite end sections 28 and 29 of the counter electrode and inner electrode 24 are each with Isolation plugs 30 and 31 provided. The plugs 30, 31 extend from the end portions 28, 29 of the Counter electrode 24 to the inside or to the outside. The portions of the plugs 30 and 31, respectively, which extend from the Counterelectrode 24 extending outward, are each provided with a central bore 32 and 33, which extend extends from the counter electrode 24 inward. Guide rings 34 and 35 are at opposite ends the electrolytic cell arranged, each one of the ring-shaped and serving as a spacer Insulation 6 ozw. 7 is arranged adjacent. The guide rings 34 and 35 each have a central opening 36 and 37, respectively, which are in communication with the central bore 32 and 33, respectively. A dowel device 38 extends through the central opening 36 of the guide ring 34 and into a central bore 32, with an opposite one The end portion thereof extends outwardly from the central opening 36. An identical one (not shown) Dowel device extends through the central opening 37 of the guide ring 35 and sits in the middle

Bore 33 of the insulating plug 31. The guide ring 34 is spaced from one another with a number on the circumference arranged slots 39 and 40 which are in communication with the electrolyte passage 27, wherein the guide ring 35 with a number of slots 41 and 42 arranged at a distance from one another on the circumference is provided, which is connected to the electrolyte passage 27 stand.

The purpose of the combination of the plug bores, guide lengths and dowel devices is that the common counterelectrode 24 and the oppositely polar composite electrodes 2 and 3 in the sleeve 1 to keep arranged concentrically at a distance from each other. To seal the electrolyte passage against O-rings 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 are provided for leaks.

In the operating state, a saline electrolyte, z. B. Sea water or a saline solution is passed through the electrolyte passage 27 as the electrolytic cell passes through the connection lines 22 and 23 are supplied with electrical energy. The electrical direct current flows from d: r anode 2 through the platinum layer 25. through the electrolyte in Durchlaßkan.il 27 to a section of the common counter electrode 24 next to the anode 2. Between the anode 2 and the part of the common Counter electrode 24 next to anode 2 is a voltage element present, this part of the counter electrode 24 having a cathodic effect on the anode 2. As a result of the Counter electrode 24 next to the potential connected to the anode 2, however, current flows along the entire length of the counter electrode 24. At the section of the counter electrode 24 next to the cathode 3, current flows from the platinum layer 26 through the electrolyte iiv passage 27 to the cathode 3 Cathode 3 is more negative than the part of the counter electrode 24 next to the cathode 3. and the part of the counter electrode 24 next to the cathode 3 with respect to the cathode 3 is anodic With this arrangement and infoige of the common counter electrode 24, the current from the Anode 2 through the counter electrode 24 and to the cathode 3 without the use of electrical lines within the Electrolytic cell are conducted.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an arrangement with a plurality of electrolytic cells according to FIG Fi g7l.

In this arrangement, the electrolytic cells 50, 51, 52 and 53 designed in accordance with FIG A plurality of end-to-end interconnected to form a conduit system having an inlet 54 and an outlet 55 to get.

From Fig. I it can be seen that each electrolytic cell two active electrode arrangements connected in series contains, wherein the anode 2 and an adjacent portion of the counter electrode 24 comprise an electrode arrangement and the cathode 3 and a section of the counter electrode 24 next to the cathode 3 the other electrode arrangement forms. This electrolytic cell is for example with direct current of 14 volts for the application of activated 7 volts at each electrode assembly. Two of these electrolytic cells 50 and 51 are through the Line 56 connected in series so that there are a total of four electrolytic cells, each of which is 7 volts requires. s <. that total of 28 volts to the in series switched electrolytic cells 50 and 51 must be applied. Another pair of identical electrolytic cells 52 and 53 is provided in the end-to-end ratio according to FIG. 2. The electrolytic cells 52 and 53 are through a line 57 connected in series.

In order to keep both the inlet and outlet ends 54 and 55 of the group of electrolytic cells at ground potential, ie zero volts, the two pairs of electrolytic cells connected in series are connected in parallel, for example the electrolytic cells 50 and 51 connected in series are connected to the Series-connected electrolytic cells 52 and 53 are connected in parallel so that the series-parallel connection can be supplied with electrical current from a common source 58 of 28 volts. If the midpoint of this group is maintained at a positive potential of 28 volts, both the inlet and outlet 54 and 55 for the electrolyte can remain at ground potential. This reduces corrosion damage to a minimum and provides protection against electric shock or fire. Referring to Flg. 3 shows this figure that the electrolytic cell has an electrically conductive elongated, tubular housing as the counter electrode Γ, which consists for example of titanium and coaxially to the counter electrode Γ two oppositely assembled electrodes V and 3 'are arranged, which are expediently made of titanium. The electrodes 2 '. 3 'are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the housing with the aid of an insulation 4' serving as a spacer. As shown, the insulation 4 'is a cylindrical part with one end part telescopically arranged in one end part of the electrode 2'. while the other end portion is similarly arranged in an adjacent end portion of the electrode 3 '. The electrodes 2 'and 3' and the insulation 4 'are spaced with respect to the inner wall 5 of the housing to form an electrolyte passage 6'. A cap T is mounted in an insulating manner on one end 8 'of the housing and covers this end, while another cap 9' is arranged in an insulating manner on the other end 10 'of the housing and covers this end. The caps are expediently made of an insulating material, such as. B. a methyl methacrylate polymer (Plexiglas), a polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass, a ^ o acrylic resin or an epoxy resin. Each cap T or 9 'is provided with a passage W or 12' for the electrolyte, which are connected to the electrolyte passage 6 '. The ends of the composite opposing electrodes 2 'and 3' remote from the insulation 4 'are each closed by a plug 13' and 14 ', respectively, which extend outwardly from each electrode as a tongue having such an outline has that it allows a non-turbulent flow of the electrolyte through the channels and through the electrolyte passage 6 '.

One of the caps 7 'has an electric r ^ ^ve SIU lead 15' extending through the cap into the passageway 11 'through the plug 13' is developed a! and then in contact with the anode electrode T , to which it is welded, for example at 16 '. The other cap 9 'has a negative electrical connection line 17' which extends through the cap into the passage 12 '. through the plug 14 'and then in contact with the cathode electrode 3'. to which it is welded for example at 18 '. The outer surface of the anode electrode 2 'is provided with a layer 19' made of a metal from the platinum group, for example platinum, rhodium, iridium, expediently platinum. The inner wall 5 'of the counter-electrode Γ designed as a housing is provided with a layer 20' made of a metal from the platinum group and expediently made of platinum on a section next to the anode 3 '. The total surface of the interior

wall 5 'and the outer surfaces of the anode 2' and the cathode .V can, however, with a metal from the platinum group be covered.

An inlet conduit IV is connected to the cap 9 'in communication with the passage 12' and a gasket 22 'is provided which is attached to the cap 9' by bolts 23 'and 24'. An outlet conduit 25 is provided with the cap 7 'in connection with the passage XY and ij a seal 26' which is attached to the cap 7 'by bolts 27' and 28 '. The cap T is attached to one end 8 'of the counter electrode I' by a gasket 29 'which is attached to the cap T by bolts 30' and 31 '. The cap 9 'is attached to another end 10' of the counter electrode Γ by a seal 32 'which is attached to the cap 7' by bolts 30 'and 31'. The cap 9 'is attached to another linden 10' of the counter electrode Γ by a gasket 32 'which is attached to the cap 9' by bolts M ' and 34'.

In working conditions, a saline solution electrolyte is used. z. B. sea water or a salt solution, passed through the electrolytic cell, and the arrangement of the connecting lines 15 'and 17' are used for power supply. The electrical direct current flows from the anode V through the electrolyte in the electrolyte passage 6 'to section A of the counter-electrode Γ designed as a housing next to the anode 2'. There is a voltage drop between the anode 2 'and the section A of the counter-electrode Γ, the section A being cathodic to the • \ node 2'. As a result of the negative potential applied to the cathode 3 'through the connecting lead 17', however, current flows along the entire length of the counter-electrode Γ. At section B of the counter electrode Γ, current flows from the layer 20 'through the electrolyte in the electrolyte passage 6' to the cathode 3 '. due to the fact that the cathode 3 'is more negative than the section B, namely due to the voltage drop between the section B and the cathode 3', the section B is anodic with respect to the cathode 3 '. With this arrangement and as a result of the common counter-electrode Γ, current can be conducted from the anode 2 'to the section A and from the section B to the cathode 3' without using any electrical lines within the electrolytic cell.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of an arrangement with a number of electrolysis cells according to Fig. 1

In this arrangement the electrolysis cells are 35 ', 36'. 37 '. 38 'each formed according to FIG. I and connected to one another in order to obtain a line system with an inlet 39' and an outlet 40 '. The electrolyte flows from inlet 39 ' into electrolytic cell 35' and then into electrolytic cell 36 'through connecting tube 41', into and through electrolytic cell 37 'through connecting tube 42' and through electrolytic cell 38 'through connecting tube 43' and then nus the system through the outlet 40 '.

From Flg. 3 it can be seen that each electrolytic cell has a Pair of active electrode assemblies revealed. in the are connected in series with respect to one another, i.e. the Form anode 2 'and a section A of the counter electrode Γ an electrode arrangement and the cathode 3 'and cter section B of the counter electrode Γ form another Electrode arrangement will sneeze! Üek'.fttlysczcüc for example, direct current is activated to 14 volts 7 volts available for each electrode arrangement. Two electrolytic cells 35 'and 36' are through the Line 44 'is electrically connected in series, so that a total of four active electrode arrangements are present are, of which 7 volts are required, making a total of 28 full must be applied to the series-connected electrolytic cells 35 'and 36'. Another pair of identical ones Electrolysis cells 37 'and 38' are provided, which are electrically connected by a row line 45 '.

To both the inlet and outlet ends of a Group of such chlorine-generating electrolysis cells !! to earth potential, d. H. Zero volts, to hold, are two pairs such series-connected electrolytic cells connected in parallel, such. B. are the electrolytic cells connected in series 35 'and 36' with the series-connected electrolytic cells 37 'and 38' connected in parallel, so that the Series parallel connection from a common source of 28 volts are fed with electrical energy can. When the center tap of this group of electrolytic cells is held at 28 volts positive potential is, the inlet 39 'and the outlet 40' for the electrolyte can be maintained at ground potential. Through this Corrosion damage is reduced to a minimum and protection against electric shock or fire achieved.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Electrolysis cell, with tubular electrodes of opposite polarity with a common axis, which make one Annular gap for the electrolyte around the inner tube electrode form and at the ends of which connecting lines are provided, characterized in that the tubular electrodes (2, 3; 2 ', 30 end to end butting against one another with the intermediate layer to an insulation (4, 5; 40 coaxially connected and concentric to one for both electrodes of opposite polarity (2,3; 2 ', 30 common counter-electrode (24, (24,10 are arranged, and that the counter-electrode (24, 10 with the formation of the electrolyte passage (27, 60 with the oppositely polar assembled electrodes (2, 3; 2 ', 30 cooperate in such a way that each electrolytic cell has two active electrode arrangements (2, 24 and 3, 24 and 2, 1 'and 1', 30, respectively. 2. Electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeicnnet that the composite Gegenpoügen Electrodes (2, 3) formed as a sleeve (1) surrounding the common counter-electrode (24) are (Fig. 1). 3. Electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposing polarity composite Electrodes (2, 3) are arranged within the common counter-electrode (Γ) (Fig. 3). 4. Electrolytic cell according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the electrodes (2, 3, 24 '; 2, 3', Y) consist of titanium, one of the electrodes (2, 2 ') forming the composite electrodes with a layer (25, 19 '"" is made of a metal of the platinum group and one surface of the counter electrode (24, 1) next to the other electrode (3, 30 of the composite electrode of opposite polarity) is provided with a layer (26, 200 of a metal of the platinum group is provided. 5. Electrolysis cell according to claim 4, characterized in that the two layers (25, 19 '; 26, « 20 ') consist of ruthenium oxide. 6. Electrolytic cell according to one of claims 2, 4 or 5, characterized by an insulating shock (30, 31), which in each end section (28, 29) of the composite electrode of opposite polarity (2, 3) and extending outwardly therefrom with a central bore (32,33) in each The plug (30, 31) of the opposite-pole electrode (2, 3) is directed inwards and a guide device (34, 35) is disposed adjacent the outer surface of each insulation (4, 5, 6, 7), each guide means (34, 35) has a central opening (36, 37) which with the central bores (32, 33) in the Isolation plug (30, 31) is connected and each guide device (34, 35) on the circumference of In Slots (34, 40, 41. 42) which are in communication with the electrolyte passage (27) and that a dowel device (38) is provided, which extends through the central opening (36, 37) of the guide device (34, 35) and in the central bore (32, 33) sits (Fig. I). 7. Electrolytic cell according to one of claims 2, 4 to 6, characterized in that the insulation (4. 5, 6, 7) are designed as rings. 8. Electrolytic cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide device is a Guide ring (34, 35) is. 50