DE2237378A1 - PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF METAL BY REDUCING A METAL COMPOUND IN AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA - Google Patents
PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF METAL BY REDUCING A METAL COMPOUND IN AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMAInfo
- Publication number
- DE2237378A1 DE2237378A1 DE2237378A DE2237378A DE2237378A1 DE 2237378 A1 DE2237378 A1 DE 2237378A1 DE 2237378 A DE2237378 A DE 2237378A DE 2237378 A DE2237378 A DE 2237378A DE 2237378 A1 DE2237378 A1 DE 2237378A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- plasma
- space
- electrodes
- metal compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32055—Arc discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32623—Mechanical discharge control means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3266—Magnetic control means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/40—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3431—Coaxial cylindrical electrodes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Description
f 7. Sep. 1972f Sep 7 1972
i/Utci P^f,^n-i£)TVfe/te 8733-72 Dr.V.Β/Εi / Utci P ^ f, ^ n-i £) TVfe / te 8733-72 Dr.V.Β / Ε
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. 34, Göttingen, Bunsensträße 10Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science e.V. 34, Göttingen, Bunsenstrasse 10
Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines Metalles durch Reduktion einer Metallverbindung in einem Bogenentladungsplasma
(Zusatz zu P 21 57 606.7)Process for the production of a metal by reducing a metal compound in an arc discharge plasma
(Addition to P 21 57 606.7)
Das Hauptpatent betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Materials durch ein Bogenentladungsplasma/ das in einem Entladungsraum zwischen zwei in axialem Abstand voneinander angeordneten Elektroden brennt, und ist gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination der folgenden Maßnahmen:The main patent relates to a method for the heat treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma in a discharge space between two at an axial distance from one another arranged electrodes burns, and is characterized by the combination of the following measures:
a) Der mittlere Druck in dem die Elektroden enthaltenden Entladungsraum wird unter dem Atmosphäreridruck gehalten; a) The mean pressure in the discharge space containing the electrodes is kept below atmospheric pressure;
b) Es wird ein magnetisches Feld erzeugt, das im wesentlichen parallel zur der die Verbindungslinie zwischen den Elektroden bildenden Achse verläuft und in mindestens einem Teil des zwischen den Elektroden liegenden Bereiches des Entladungsraumes einen so hohen Wert hat, dass das Produkt ωτ aus der Gyrationsfrequenz ω der freien Elektronen im Plasma und der Zeit τ, innerhalb derer ein Elektron im Mittel seinen Impuls auf die Ionen des Plasmas überträgt, größer als 1*b) A magnetic field is generated which is essentially parallel to that of the connecting line between the axis forming the electrodes and in at least part of the area of the between the electrodes Discharge space has such a high value that the product ωτ from the gyration frequency ω of the free electrons in the plasma and the time τ within which an electron transfers its momentum to the ions of the plasma on average, greater than 1 *
409807/0091409807/0091
ist und das Bogenentladungsplasma in diesem Bereich als Ganzes in sich um eine mittlere Magnetfeldlinie, zu der das Plasma im wesentlichen symmetrisch ist, rotiert;and the arc discharge plasma in this area as a whole rotates in itself about a central magnetic field line to which the plasma is essentially symmetrical;
c) Das zu bearbeitende Material wird in einen der mittleren Magnetfeldlinie nahen Teil des Bereiches, in dem die Bedingung ωτ > 1 erfüllt ist, gebracht undc) The material to be processed is in a part of the area close to the central magnetic field line in which the Condition ωτ> 1 is fulfilled, brought and
d) das bearbeitete Material wird aus dem radial außerhalb dieses Bereiches liegenden Raum gewonnen.d) the processed material is obtained from the space lying radially outside this area.
Eine bevorzugte Anwendung dieses Verfahrens besteht in der Gewinnung von reinen Metallen durch Reduktion von Metallverbindungen, wie Oxiden oder Erzen.A preferred application of this process is the extraction of pure metals by reducing metal compounds, like oxides or ores.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein auf diese Weise erzeugtes Metall, das sich gewöhnlich auf der Innenwand eines das Plasma umgebenden Entladungsgefäßes niederschlägt, aus dem Entladungsgefäß zu entfernen.The present invention is based on the object of a metal produced in this way, which is usually precipitates on the inner wall of a discharge vessel surrounding the plasma, to be removed from the discharge vessel.
Die Erfindung geht also aus von einem Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines Metalles durch Reduktion einer Metallverbindung in einem Bogenentladungsplasma, das in einem Entladungsraum zwischen zwei in axialem Abstand voneinander angeordneten Elektroden brennt, wobei der mittlere Druck in dem die Elektroden enthaltenden Entladungsraum unter dem Atmosphärendruck gehalten wird; ein magnetisches Feld erzeugt wird, das im wesentlichen parallel zu der die Verbindungslinie zwischen den Elektroden bildenden Achse verläuft und in mindestens einem Teil des zwischen den Elektroden liegenden Bereiches des Entladungsraumes einen so hohen Wert hat, daß das Produkt ωτ aus der Gyrationsfrequenz ω der freien Elektronen im Plasma und der Zeit τ, innerhalb derer ein Elektron im Mittel seinen Impuls auf die Ionen des Plasmas überträgt, größer als 1 ist und das Bogenentladungsplasma in diesem Bereich als Ganzes in sich um eine mitt-The invention is based on a method for obtaining a metal by reducing a metal compound in an arc discharge plasma which is arranged in a discharge space between two axially spaced apart Electrodes burns, the mean pressure in the discharge space containing the electrodes being kept below atmospheric pressure will; a magnetic field is generated which is substantially parallel to that of the connecting line between the electrodes forming axis and in at least part of the area of the discharge space between the electrodes has such a high value that the product ωτ of the gyration frequency ω of the free electrons in the plasma and the time τ, within which an electron on average transfers its momentum to the ions of the plasma, is greater than 1 and the arc discharge plasma in this area as a whole in itself a medium
409807/0091409807/0091
lere Magnetfeldlinie, zu der das Plasma im wesentlichen symmetrisch ist, rotiert; die zu reduzierende Metallverbindung in einen der mittleren Magnetfeldlinie nahen Teil des Bereiches, in dem die Bedingung ορτ > 1 erfüllt ist, gebracht wird und das dabei entstehende Metall aus dem radial außerhalb dieses Bereiches liegenden Raum gewonnen wird.lere magnetic field line to which the plasma is essentially symmetrical is, rotates; the metal compound to be reduced in a part of the area close to the central magnetic field line, in which the condition ορτ> 1 is fulfilled, is brought and the resulting metal from the radially outside of this area lying space is gained.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist ein solches Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Verwendung einer Metallverbin— dung, die ein ein flüchtiges Metallhalogenid bildendes Metall liefert, das gewonnene Metall durch ein in den erwähnten Raum eingeführtes'Älogen oder Halogenid in das flüchtige Metallhalogenid übergeführt wird und daß das Metallhalogenid aus dem Raum entfernt und dann unter Erzeugung des reinen Metalles zersetzt wird.According to the invention, such a method is characterized in that when using a metal compound manure, which supplies a metal forming a volatile metal halide, the recovered metal through an in the mentioned space introduced'alogues or halide into the volatile metal halide is transferred and that the metal halide is removed from the space and then decomposed to produce the pure metal will.
Unter einem "flüchtigen Metallhalogenid" soll hier ein Metalhalogenid verstanden werden, das sich bei mäßigen Temperaturen, z.B. bis etwa 500 0C, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen zwischen etwa 200 und 300 0C ohne - Zersetzung in Dampfform überführen läßt. Geeignete Metalle sind z.B. Chrom, Niob, Silicium, Tantal, Titan, Uran, Vanadium und .Zirkon.A “volatile metal halide” is to be understood here as meaning a metal halide which can be converted into vapor form at moderate temperatures, for example up to about 500 ° C., preferably at temperatures between about 200 and 300 ° C., without decomposition. Suitable metals are, for example, chromium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, uranium, vanadium and zircon.
Das zur Extraktion des Metalles aus der Apparatur verwendete Halogen oder Halogenid soll folgende Bedingungen erfüllen: The halogen or halide used to extract the metal from the apparatus should meet the following conditions:
1. Möglichst niedriger Siede- oder Sublimationspunkt des Metallhalogenide;1. The lowest possible boiling or sublimation point of the metal halide;
2. Thermische Zersetzbarkeit in Halogen (oder Metallhalogenid) und Metall bei möglichst niedrigen. Temperaturen;2. Thermal decomposability into halogen (or metal halide) and metal at the lowest possible. Temperatures;
3. Selektive Extraktionswirkung auf Metallgemische, wie sie bei Verwendung relativ unreiner Ausgangsmaterialien,3. Selective extraction effect on metal mixtures, as they are when using relatively impure starting materials,
409807/0 09 1409807/0 09 1
wie Erzen, entstehen können.how ores can arise.
Beispiel: Als Metallverbindung wird Ilmenit (FeTiO3 + Fe2O3) verwendet, wobei sich an der Innenwand des das Plasma umschließenden Entladungsgefäßes (gewöhnlich ein Quarzrohr) ein Gemisch aus Titan und Eisen, möglicherweise verunreinigt mit den jeweiligen Oxiden, niederschlägt. Zur Extraktion des Titans wählt man wegen des niedrigen Siedepunkts (ca 377 0C) von TiJ4 Jod zur Extraktion. Jod erfüllt auch die beiden anderen Forderungen, es bildet mit Titan bei etwa 1000 bis 1200 0C thermisch zersetzbares TiJ4, und es bildet mit Eisen FeJ2/ welches erst bei einer Temperatur über 600 0C siedet. Das Jod wird in den Entladungsraum in Dampfform eingeleitet. Es wirkt bei etwa 200 0C auf das Gemisch aus Titan und Eisen ein und bildet TiJ4, das bei dieser Reaktionstemperatur bereits genügend flüchtig ist, um sich abpumpen zu lassen. Etwa entstehendes FeJ2 ist bei 200 0C noch nicht flüchtig und verbleibt in der Apparatur. Das abgepumpte TiJ4 wird an einer 1000 bis 1200 0C heißen Fläche, die vorzugsweise aus Titanmetall besteht, zu metallischem Titan zersetzt. Das dabei freiwerdende Jod kann dem Prozess wieder zugeführt werden.Example: Ilmenite (FeTiO 3 + Fe 2 O 3 ) is used as the metal compound, whereby a mixture of titanium and iron, possibly contaminated with the respective oxides, is deposited on the inner wall of the discharge vessel surrounding the plasma (usually a quartz tube). For the extraction of titanium is selected because of its low boiling point (about 377 0 C) of TiI 4 iodine for extraction. Iodine also fulfills the other two requirements, it forms with titanium at about 1000-1200 0 C thermally decomposable TiI 4, and it forms with iron FeJ 2 / which boils at a temperature above 600 0 C. The iodine is introduced into the discharge space in vapor form. It acts at about 200 0 C to the mixture of titanium and iron and forms TiI 4, which is already sufficiently volatile at the reaction temperature to be pump out. Approximately arising FeJ 2 is not volatile at 200 0 C and is left in the apparatus. The pumped out TiJ 4 is decomposed to metallic titanium on a 1000 to 1200 0 C hot surface, which preferably consists of titanium metal. The iodine released in the process can be fed back into the process.
Das Extraktionsverfahren gemäß der Erfindung läßt sich wesentlich einfacher durchführen als eine mechanische Entfernung des gewonnenen Metalls und hat außerdem noch folgende Vorteile:The extraction process according to the invention can be carried out much more easily than a mechanical one Removal of the recovered metal and also has the following advantages:
a) Durch Steuerung der Betriebsparameter (z.B. BiI-dungs- und Zersetzungstemperatur des Metallhalogenide) läßt sich das Verfahren selektiv für verschiedene Metalle durchführen. Dadurch wird außer der Extraktion gleichzeitig eine Reinigung erzielt;a) By controlling the operating parameters (e.g. formation and decomposition temperature of the metal halides) the process can be carried out selectively for different metals. As a result, in addition to the extraction, cleaning is achieved at the same time;
31.7.1972 409807/0091July 31, 1972 409807/0091
b) das Verfahren kann Im allgemeinen bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen durchgeführt werden;b) The process can generally be carried out at relatively low Temperatures are carried out;
c) bei gewissen Ausführungsformen ist ein kontinuierlicher Betrieb, möglich, d.h. die Entladung braucht während der Extraktion des erzeugten Metalles nicht abgeschaltet zu werden.c) in certain embodiments is a continuous one Operation possible, i.e. the discharge does not have to be switched off during the extraction of the generated metal will.
In vielen Fällen wird jedoch ein diskontinuierliches Arbeiten vorzuziehen sein, d.h. daß man zuerst einen Metallniederschlag einer gewissen Dicke auf der Innenwand des Entladung sgefäßes entstehen läßt und aus diesem Metallniederschlag dann das gewünschte Metall durch überführung in das Me* tallhalogenid aus der Apparatur entfernt.In many cases, however, it will be preferable to work batchwise, i.e. first to deposit a metal A certain thickness can arise on the inner wall of the discharge vessel and from this metal deposit then the desired metal by transferring it to the Me * tall halide removed from the apparatus.
Anstelle von Jod können auch Brom, Chlor und Fluor verwendet werden.Instead of iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine can also be used.
Statt eines reinen Halogens kann man in die Apparatur auch ein Halogenid eines Metalles einführen, das in der Lage ist, einen Teil seiner Halogenatome an das zu extrahierende Metall abzugeben und dadurch zu einer im obigen Sinne flüchtigen, extrahierbaren Halogenverbindung führt. Instead of a pure halogen, a halide of a metal can also be introduced into the apparatus which is capable of is to release part of its halogen atoms to the metal to be extracted and thereby leads to a volatile, extractable halogen compound in the above sense.
31.7.1972July 31, 1972
409807/Ό091409807 / Ό091
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE791550D BE791550A (en) | 1971-11-20 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A MATERIAL BY MEANS OF PLASMA FROM AN ELECTRIC ARC | |
DE2157606A DE2157606C3 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1971-11-20 | Method and device for the heat treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
DE2237378A DE2237378A1 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-07-29 | PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF METAL BY REDUCING A METAL COMPOUND IN AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA |
NL7215108A NL7215108A (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-08 | |
IT53981/72A IT973517B (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-13 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A MATERIAL BY MEANS OF AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA |
JP47114625A JPS4863941A (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-15 | |
FR7240654A FR2160519B1 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-16 | |
GB5298972A GB1418641A (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-16 | Treatment of material by an arc discharge plasma |
NO4213/72A NO131795C (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-17 | |
LU66498A LU66498A1 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-17 | |
US00307838A US3852061A (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-11-20 | Process and equipment for the treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
US00360967A US3851136A (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1973-05-16 | Process and equipment for the treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2157606A DE2157606C3 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1971-11-20 | Method and device for the heat treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
DE2237378A DE2237378A1 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-07-29 | PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF METAL BY REDUCING A METAL COMPOUND IN AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2237378A1 true DE2237378A1 (en) | 1974-02-14 |
Family
ID=25762046
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2157606A Expired DE2157606C3 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1971-11-20 | Method and device for the heat treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
DE2237378A Pending DE2237378A1 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1972-07-29 | PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF METAL BY REDUCING A METAL COMPOUND IN AN ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2157606A Expired DE2157606C3 (en) | 1971-11-20 | 1971-11-20 | Method and device for the heat treatment of a material by means of an arc discharge plasma |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3852061A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4863941A (en) |
BE (1) | BE791550A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2157606C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2160519B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1418641A (en) |
IT (1) | IT973517B (en) |
LU (1) | LU66498A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7215108A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131795C (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3980467A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1976-09-14 | Camacho Salvador L | Method of operating a batch type annealing furnace using a plasma heat source |
US3974245A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-08-10 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Process for producing free flowing powder and product |
GB1511832A (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1978-05-24 | Tetronics Res & Dev Co Ltd | Arc furnaces and to methods of treating materials in such furnaces |
US3944412A (en) * | 1974-09-18 | 1976-03-16 | Hsin Liu | Method for recovering metals |
US4169962A (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1979-10-02 | Daidoseiko Kabushikikaisha | Heat treating apparatus |
US3989511A (en) * | 1975-03-10 | 1976-11-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Metal powder production by direct reduction in an arc heater |
US4002466A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-01-11 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method of reducing ores |
IT1055884B (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1982-01-11 | Montedison Spa | PLASMA ARC PROCEDURE OF METALLIC AND SIMILAR CERAMIC PRODUCTS |
US4234334A (en) * | 1979-01-10 | 1980-11-18 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Arc control in plasma arc reactors |
FR2446324A1 (en) * | 1979-01-15 | 1980-08-08 | Karlovitz Bela | Thermal redn. of metal oxide(s) - esp. aluminium oxide by discharging oxide powder into reactor to create vortex and applying electrical discharge |
US4361441A (en) * | 1979-04-17 | 1982-11-30 | Plasma Holdings N.V. | Treatment of matter in low temperature plasmas |
US4431612A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-02-14 | Electro-Petroleum, Inc. | Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like |
US4711661A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1987-12-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Spherical copper based powder particles and process for producing same |
US4711660A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1987-12-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Spherical precious metal based powder particles and process for producing same |
US4670047A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1987-06-02 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing finely divided spherical metal powders |
US5135565A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-08-04 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Recovery of aluminum from dross using the plasma torch |
US5984444A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-11-16 | James M. Hawley | Electrostatic three dimensional printer |
AT414215B (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-10-15 | Peter Ziger | ANNEX TO PLASMA PROCESSING |
US20050035085A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Stowell William Randolph | Apparatus and method for reducing metal oxides on superalloy articles |
JP4955027B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2012-06-20 | クリーン・テクノロジー株式会社 | Control method of plasma by magnetic field in exhaust gas treatment device |
CN114433804B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-05 | 北京奥邦新材料有限公司 | Tundish plasma heating arc control method, device and system |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005859A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1961-10-24 | Nat Res Corp | Production of metals |
US3080626A (en) * | 1960-05-27 | 1963-03-12 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Electron-beam furnace with magnetic guidance and flux concentrator |
US3304169A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1967-02-14 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of deoxidizing metals |
US3361927A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1968-01-02 | Giannini Scient Corp | Plasma generating apparatus having an arc restricting region |
GB1115657A (en) * | 1964-10-29 | 1968-05-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Non-consumable arc electrode |
DE1220058B (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1966-06-30 | Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer | Method and device for the heat treatment of powdery substances, in particular for melting the cores of high-melting substances, by means of a high-temperature plasma |
US3547622A (en) * | 1968-06-12 | 1970-12-15 | Pennwalt Corp | D.c. powered plasma arc method and apparatus for refining molten metal |
CH525705A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1972-07-31 | Lonza Ag | Use of vortex-stabilized plasma torches to carry out chemical reactions |
US3671220A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1972-06-20 | Nordstjernan Rederi Ab | Process for the production of powdered metals |
DE2110274C2 (en) * | 1971-03-04 | 1973-01-04 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Device for melting metal sponges using inert gas plasmas |
-
0
- BE BE791550D patent/BE791550A/en unknown
-
1971
- 1971-11-20 DE DE2157606A patent/DE2157606C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-07-29 DE DE2237378A patent/DE2237378A1/en active Pending
- 1972-11-08 NL NL7215108A patent/NL7215108A/xx unknown
- 1972-11-13 IT IT53981/72A patent/IT973517B/en active
- 1972-11-15 JP JP47114625A patent/JPS4863941A/ja active Pending
- 1972-11-16 FR FR7240654A patent/FR2160519B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-11-16 GB GB5298972A patent/GB1418641A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-17 NO NO4213/72A patent/NO131795C/no unknown
- 1972-11-17 LU LU66498A patent/LU66498A1/xx unknown
- 1972-11-20 US US00307838A patent/US3852061A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-05-16 US US00360967A patent/US3851136A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3852061A (en) | 1974-12-03 |
NL7215108A (en) | 1973-05-22 |
BE791550A (en) | 1973-03-16 |
NO131795C (en) | 1975-07-30 |
JPS4863941A (en) | 1973-09-05 |
DE2157606B2 (en) | 1973-08-30 |
FR2160519A1 (en) | 1973-06-29 |
DE2157606C3 (en) | 1974-04-04 |
FR2160519B1 (en) | 1978-04-21 |
US3851136A (en) | 1974-11-26 |
IT973517B (en) | 1974-06-10 |
LU66498A1 (en) | 1973-02-01 |
GB1418641A (en) | 1975-12-24 |
NO131795B (en) | 1975-04-21 |
DE2157606A1 (en) | 1973-05-24 |
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