DE2225514A1 - Process for the production of double-walled units - Google Patents

Description

Cap 22900 - Dr * K,
Case P 23921 <

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. London, UK

Process -aur manufacture τοη double-walled units

Priority: May 25, 1971 and 1 ?. February 1972 - Great Britain

The invention relates to a process for preparing doppelwauidigen units. It further relates to double-walled units suitable for glazing purposes _s and to methods for producing such units by Thermoverformmjgstechrrlken *

209850/1127

The use of vcm doppslvmiiaige'sta Terglasungse.i "tfieite *? Iy" building or FahrzsttgeYi, as ε.Β "Caravans * is, generally known. Because such units a good heat and sound insulation is achieved improved process for the production of double-walled units Bnt winds.

The subject matter of the invention is therefore a method aur of double walls, which is characterized by the following procedural rules: (1's mounting of two plates, whereby the first plate has a circumference which is completely in the circumference of the other Plate fits or sticks out this circumference, with at least one of the plates consists of a thöimoplastisehen material and the other (which are not made of thermoplastic material ) with at least one opening rerseheia, so that air can go in; (2) use one By means of connecting the b'Mden plate! And heating at least one thermoplastic plate to a temperature above the point of contact of the thermoplastic material; (3 / stretching the heated thermoplastic plate in relation to other gi> bound " Help with the applied pressure difference; and (4} let the unit cool down below the softening point of the thermoplastic material »

The heating required to soften the: * Platts may be before or at the same time as the two panels are joined The procedure can be carried out, for example, as follows be carried out so that the heated plate is in contact with the other plate, which is heated or not heated is brought, and a Klemmeinrichturg created is to help them with the help of pressure within the area

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the plates su verbiiscLeii ,. the diircb. the .Oeisaneioricht-ung to samsengedrückt id.rd "Alternatively, m & n the plates from your Zusammeiiisüleamen, combine in a Ealimen together and heat anweBdea to soften at least one of the plates and a thermal deformation s? u allow" In yet another How are the panels put together using a clamp frame _? applied whereupon heat au ö.e & Kleminrahmen w ± rd _s to the plates to each other to be connected, whereupon, in addition heat to at least a thermoplastic plate is applied specifically, for example, with the aid ei it portable Ijifra = · red superheater to the plate sufficiently to erhitaeia, . so that they can be thermally deformed by the process according to the invention.

The simplest form of the method AS according to the invention is that a maximum of one double-walled object is made of ziiei. Making sheets of thermoplastic material; by thermally deforming at least one of the plates at the same time and connecting the plates to one another along a narrow strip that extends inward from the handera. The walls of the objects produced by the method according to the invention can have any suitable position one against the other, which depends on the intended use for the object. Thus, one of the walls of the doppelwandigea unit may be flat, while the other is curved, for example ₅ has a Halbkugelfona. If, on the other hand, the unit is to be used for double glazing of a window, then the spaced-apart walls should run parallel to one another laterally. If, finally, the double-walled unit produced by the process according to the invention is to be used as a double-walled skylight dome, then the unit would have the shape of a dome * with a "dome, expanding into larger ones. Dome bei.?*.·-

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whereDRi. connects the edge parts of the domes with one another », are.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is suitable for producing a double-walled unit with substantially parallel, spaced-apart walls, consists in thermally deforming a pair of thermoplastic sheets which have previously been connected to one another by applying a pressure difference to the thermally softened plate and then adjusting the pressures on "both sides of the elongated plate so that it is aligned parallel to the second plate. This is done using a support member which is in the form of an upstanding edge passing through the elongated plate . is touched during the thermal deformation, so that a tight contact of the plate produced at the edge of the shape of the part of the elongated plate, which is located inside the edge, Dami may further by adjusting the pressure and n both sides of this O EAE? ISS the plate can be controlled.

Accordingly, a method for producing a double-walled unit according to the above definition is also proposed, in which the thermoplastic plate not provided with an opening is heated and sucked away from the plate provided with an opening, with the aid of a pressure difference until the stretched one plate comes with a support edge ix> touch that has the not provided with an aperture plate a distance, whereupon then eJ.ngestellt the atmospheric pressure on both sides of the stretched platform quickly on _T having riden around the egg?> e "distance Plattei To be arranged in parallel before the unit is allowed to cool below the softening point of the thermoplastic material.

BAO QftfGINAL

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The means of connecting the panels can only consist of that pressure is applied to certain areas of the contacting and softened plates. However, it is preferred that an adhesive that creates a connection between the panels with or without the application of pressure and / or heat can bring, at least one of the plates is applied to certain areas. In one embodiment of the Process can be a Kateriaistiene that by heat and / or Pressure can be activated to form an adhesive material can be inserted between the panels before pressure is applied to create a bond between the panels * In another embodiment, © in becomes heat-activatable Glue in the form of a solution on the surface at least one of the panels is applied to a specific area, whereupon the solution is allowed to dry, so that an adhesive film is formed which is necessary for the formation of elastic bonds between the plates can be activated when di <§ through Heat softened panels are clamped together before they are subjected to the thermal deformation process. If, for example, those used in the method according to the invention Sheets are made of polymethyl methacrylate, then is a suitable adhesive "Tenaol" Mr. 10 (Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.). "Tensol" No. 10 is a solution of one low molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate in methyl methacrylate. It can be dried into a non-sticky film at room temperatures. Panels treated with this adhesive can be stored in contact for considerable times without impairing the effectiveness of the subsequent Connect is deteriorated.

The heating of the plate (s) to be thermally deformed can can be carried out using methods known in the art above the softening point of the thermoplastic material

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heat, after which the plates are then placed in the device transferred thermal deformation.

For a better understanding of the invention and to explain further inventive features, the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a vacuum forming device which is used for the production of a double Itvandi gene unit according to the invention. Figure illustrates a perspective view of a double unit is _T, the worde produced by the novel method using the apparatus of Figure 1 "is. FIG. 3 is a vertical section through an apparatus for producing a double-walled light dome. FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 explain the production of a double-walled oravan window using the method according to the invention.

According to FIG. 1, a cylindrical vacuum former 1 is provided with a circular flanged cover 2, which has a hexagonally shaped opening which extends over approximately half the area of the flanged cover. In the middle of the 3-lner vacuum pump (not shown in the drawing) vacuum can be applied to outlet 3, which is located in the wall of the chamber; will. The flanged edge of the lid is provided with four lugs (.clamps 4–), which are arranged around the edge of the lid ia © with a uniform spacing, the gag lids represent a device with; the thermoplastic platfcea 5 us> d 6 represents Lu reference is centrally located on the hexagonal "opening βbigespartnt be fixed between a cylindrical Klemmriug 7 and the ceiling! 2 Köt" .ueü. the vacuum forming chamber containing einen'offenen ZYI *. · ιά £ ^ι laughter container 8, wherein a Atstand of about '■} cm zwVscheu the edge d j container "ca 8 Urd the lower upper

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surface of the * plate 5 consists. The bell container 8 has an inlet 9 euf, which goes through the wall of the Yakuuiüformkammer and edet in a stopcock 10.

The VakuujaforffllcaBuner 1 is made of transparent walls (expediently made of fol ^ ethyl methacrylate) turned off "so that can be seen into the chamber during the molding process can.

In operation, two thteraioplastic "plates" softened by Weriae. clamped between the clamping ring 7 vb & the lid 2, and swar solaisge säe still soft si & a "Dani? Valsraiaa is applied to the chamber, and the plate 5", which has no opening, is pulled down through the opening ₄ until the bubble thus formed rests on the edge of the container 8 and thus closes the open side of this container. "The vacuum is then quickly removed from the barely" grasped by the container 8 and the plate 5, so that on both ""Plate 5 is the same pressure. The removal of the vacuum ΐι &ΐ" sstir result ϊ that the surface of the plate, which lies within <1 <* b Raiids of the container 8, becomes flat, with a bit of work that is close & z u parallel seldom ascii: lst · Di ?; This unity, which is often more limited, is in Fif ^ ir 2

The process according to the requirements is not based on the E: Lns; ellrei.tRo eier isx Figure 1 shown embodiment bttscb>? 3} i] ft Tdπ btes special w: <J * aw Raad, the trJne edition fin? dia ßost ^ eoJaic-. Board results, not necessarily; by a «, separate- BebMJt> ~ iT ii« si "Fnrdoij, & or £.? i, -iX es?

9850/1127

Yakuumformkammer be formed. If besides objects If you want to graze with large dimensions, then it can be advantageous to hold the elongated plate through a fish su support so that the central area of the plate is not unduly stretched before the outer ropes of the plate come into contact with the supporting ligament. Such a table should be guarded by methods known per se, in order to avoid damage to the thermoplastic surface, e.g. by using a molded cloth, with which the table is covered. In practice, the time during which the softened plate is with a support this type comes into contact very briefly. The pressure equalization on both sides of the plate, the sum purposes of lifting the softened plate takes place from the table, is carried out immediately when the plate comes into contact with the supporting hand

In another Ausfifiuningsform the method, the screening device may ait be equipped tinem Better edge, what "** it abzuschneidenα allows ils edges of the unit during the thermal Verefera vM $ sw ^s avt ahrens to the desired GrSBe This provides an easy method for cutting the Unit and it reports that the edges of the unit must be dressed after manufacture, which of course also reduces the risk of damage to the unit.

The method according to the invention can also be applied to a method in which the softened panels are deformed by applied pressure rather than vacuum. In this Trap, pressure can be applied to the apertured side of the assembly so that it does not catch apertured plate from the apertured plate Plate is pushed away until it is

209850/1127

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The stretched plate can then be flattened by applying the same pressure on both sides of the stretched plate, while either increasing the pressure on the side not provided with an opening or increasing the pressure on the side with an opening v © rs ©! ieaen side of the composition reduced.

Figure 5 shows a further Ausfiliärungsioga des? © s £ ate © ns which a pair of thermoplastic Pl & t & ss »tlMissisela ir ^ rio ^ mt is around a double-walled dome

According to FIG. J "has a " Bl & sfGTMW & swt & lmmnii @ ia © a blowing table 13 and a Blasfls & s © !. 14 ₀ -vbI & Qm s ± © Bl dam © ig nen, a double-walled © » object made of smi thermoplastic. Plates 11 üsäi, 1

is eyefütot * chirping over a Hobr 13 © here dissela d © ja Blasti r-nd the blowing flange hindurelgeMi _o B © 2? llgigflaasek "bseltgtgt © iao recess 16, which allows _{5 of} the BsfMjfaeis aiaf © ia © surface of the plate to be deformed

is provided with two layers ein.es weieli © a 1 £ @ "',, covered to prevent DI® ©© softened plates suffers by the Berätamg. The blow table 13 "because the flange 14 is still designed in such a way that it forms a narrow pipe 1? aiafnehaea köan © a < A clamping ring 18, which fits around the blow flange 14, kaaa with the help of Ka © toell £ l © ai®em aaeh d © m Eia ~ lay the softened plates 11 and 12 lb © £ © stigt w © rd © n.

This modification erfafei of the invention ¥? © ns is carried out by reacting the thermoplastic plate 12 © ₀ having a thickness of about 8 ma country aac measurements should, in that it the hand of the Blasflaas' with an opening 19

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Diameter of the narrow tube 17 corresponds and which is arranged in this way, when the band of the plate 12 coincides with the band of the blower flange 14, the tube 17 comes to lie within the opening. A narrow strip of heat activated adhesive is placed around the tape of the plate 12. Then the second heat-heated plate 11, which has the same thickness but whose dimensions are such that it extends over the hand of the plate 12, is placed over the plate 12, and the assembly is then made completed by placing the clamping ring 18 and applying pressure using the cable clamps (not shown). This creates a bond between the panels, namely through the action of heat and pressure on the adhesive strip. Daxm is compressed air into the narrow pipe 1? introduced to easily separate the plates. Finally, compressed air is supplied via pipes 15 and 1? introduced to. to deform both plates at the same time, so that a double-walled object is created in which the walls are at the same distance from each other.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 allow the production of a double-walled Caravan windows, v / ob ei a vertically arranged Vacuum forming device is used. "

The schematise !! 7akuiamformvorr ± chtuii.g shown in Figure 4 consists of an open box 20 with a splash 21 and an internally fastened sealing edge 22 equipped is. In a lower part 24, which is through an outer wall 25 of the box 20 and the Aufrechbstehsndaii sealing edge 22 is formed is an AtisIaSrohr 2> provided in ITaabea 20. The outlet pipe 23 is with; siiiasB ¥ & r.ti L 26 provided, through what vacuum can be applied. Sin central part 27 of the box 20 i3fc with an outlet 28 »Ein Valve 29 in the outlet pipe allows air to be introduced into the vacuum forming device.

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Sfhermöpiastische flatten 30 and % 1 ₉ with the plate 30 provided with an opening 32, are attached with the help of iron clamps 33 on a rail 3 * H the horizontal iron protrudes from the vacuum forming device *

The heated plates become old with the help of a ring 35 and a series of brakes (not shown) pressed against the flange 21. The outer land of the Slemmring 35 is provided with a sliding knife 36, which by a Actuating device (not shown) can be pressed against the flange

In operation, the thermoplastic panels 00 and 51 are heated in an air oven (not shown) above the softening point of the thermoplastic material, while they are hung in a vertical position arranged brown paper 3? spoiled »Bia erhitstea plates""are then vertically attached to - the rail © - 3 & amfgefeäagt? ₀ water. The paper 37 is pulled out of the plates and pressed against the flange 21. When a vacuum is applied to the Tactil 26, the plate 31 becomes ti ©% esogea until "in contact with the upright land 2" is created ₉ as shown in FIG. The valve 29 is then opened to the atmosphere while the vacuum is maintained in the part of the chamber formed by the outer wall 25, the upright sealing edge 22 and the part of the plate 31 that is between the handle and the The removal of the vacuum through the valve 29 can be carried out in such a way that it is ensured that the plate 31 moves in a position which is approximately parallel to the straightened plate 30, as can be seen in FIG is. While the plates are in a heat-softened state, the edges can be cut off by actuating the cutter 36, as indicated in FIG.

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In the case of the «. Embodiments the process will damage the surface of the Avoid plates, as in this process the plates are thermally can be deformed without using shapes * the surface defects can be repaired "

The process is very special! Value "be.im .Fo ;; iie :)". Of polymethyl methacrylate plates and especially in the production of glazing units from transparent plates. For this material, the preferred temperature range for the softening of the plates is between 140 and 170 ⁰ O. The method is also Applicable to plates which consist of a mixed polymer which contains a predominant proportion of methyl methacrylate.

It is also possible to apply the process to the production of double walled objects atjts other thermoplastic To apply materials, vde s.B. from cellulose acetate butyrate, Polymers and copolymers of styrene, polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride and suitable mixtures of the materials described, including polymethyl methacrylate " In addition, mixtures of Giumni and Haraejft, such as e.g. Butadiene / styrene copolymers and styrene / acrylonitrile / copolymers, be used.

The thermoplastic sheets used in the process according to the invention can contain additives such as stabilizers, pigments or fillers and also metallic fillers which are incorporated to achieve a decorative effect. It is also possible to use transparent thermoplastic sheets which have been partially coated with a material which is resistant to the reflection of infrared radiation, such as, for example, paint containing aluminum. Objects that have been made from such, partially coated panels, are "particularly suitable swr production; voa. Skylight dome, - :, the, · in Gebsi ien v (5n./eudföt -jo

209850/1127 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

should, where desired, reduce the accumulation of heat and the reason of the incident infrared radiation in the building.

The a \ doppeIwandigen units produced is transparent panels are suitable for many purposes glazing _t particularly in caravans ,, where the thermal and acoustic properties of the unit are particularly useful. I ¹ Ur these applications is polymethyl methacrylate, a particularly suitable material _T and because of the high clarity, "low density, good thermal Isölierungseigenschaften and toughness of this material.

Other applications are double-walled dome lights in ₁ , lighting fixtures, traffic lights and in general all objects © which consist of a pair of plates and can be produced by the method according to the invention.

209850/1127

Claims (2)

22255H Patents Method of forming a double-walled unit, characterized by the following procedural steps: (1) Provision of two plates, the first plate being one Has circumference which fits completely into the circumference of the second plate or corresponds to this circumference, with at least one of the panels is made of a thermoplastic material and the other (which is not made of thermoplastic! material must exist) is provided with at least one opening so that air can pass through; (2) Applying a means of Joining the two plates and heating at least one thermoplastic plate to a temperature above the softening point the thermoplastic material; (3) Stretching the heated thermoplastic sheet relative to the other bound plate using an applied pressure difference; and (4) allowing the unit to cool under the Softening point of the thermoplastic material. 2. Method of forming a double-walled unit, characterized by the following process steps: (1) Providing two panels, the first panel having a perimeter that is completely within the perimeter of the second Plate fits or corresponds to this circumference, at least one of the plates being made of a thermoplastic material and the other (which does not have to consist of thermoplastic material) is provided with at least one opening, see above that air can pass through; (2) Applying a means to Joining the two plates and heating at least one 209850/1127 22255U thermoplastic sheet to a temperature above the softening point the thermoplastic material; (3) Apply a clamping device to the plates, whereby the area the panel being gripped by the clamp "connected"; (4) distance », the heated thermoplastic plate in relation to the other plate, with the help of an applied pressure difference | mid (5) Ab * Allow the unit to cool below the softening point d © s thermoplastic material. 5 »A process for producing a" doppeiwaa & igen unit according to claim 1, characterized in ^ that di © provides with an opening provided thermoplastic sheet heated w a of the apertured -Platte "mi'etels eiaes pressure difference is pulled *" to the stretched © Ratt a support part in_ Berü & euag Jioiamt, "see of which does not have an opening '^ Om ^ zwm BIatt © © is sta" d, and that the atmospheric Bsttteli: on both sides of the stretched plate is then quickly made equal to to bring the plates, now spaced apart, into a parallel arrangement before the unit is allowed to cool below the softening point of the thermoplastic material « 4-, Method of making a double-walled unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermoplastic plate which is not provided with an opening is heated uxsd from the plate provided with an opening by means of a Pressure difference is pulled away until the stretched plate comes into contact with a support part, which from the plate not provided with an opening a distance and that the atmospheric pressure on both Sides of the stretched plate is then quickly made equal to jetst the spaced plates into a parallel one To bring appropriation before the unity under the softening point the thermoplastic material is allowed to cool. 2 0 9 8 5 0/112 7 22255U it »™ 5 ' Method according to an äev "» • orhex ^> g © hen &er> claim «, characterized in that the binding agent in Ji'ovm one
A strip of material is used which can be activated by heat and / or pressure so that an adhesive is formed. 6 »Method according to claim. ? .. characterized in that the material strip consists of an adhesive film,
which is applied in the form of a bucket of solution. 7 «Method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized marked r that "both plat tee from one in clear thermoplastic material consists of " PATENT LAWYERS .H.FINCKE, Dl PL-ING. H. BOHR ,BATH 2098b U / 1127