DE2203507A1 - FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM - Google Patents
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMInfo
- Publication number
- DE2203507A1 DE2203507A1 DE19722203507 DE2203507A DE2203507A1 DE 2203507 A1 DE2203507 A1 DE 2203507A1 DE 19722203507 DE19722203507 DE 19722203507 DE 2203507 A DE2203507 A DE 2203507A DE 2203507 A1 DE2203507 A1 DE 2203507A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- fuel
- injection system
- fuel injection
- moving coil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/30—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
- F02M69/36—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages
- F02M69/38—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages using fuel pressure, e.g. by varying fuel pressure in the control chambers of the fuel metering device
- F02M69/386—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages using fuel pressure, e.g. by varying fuel pressure in the control chambers of the fuel metering device variably controlling the pressure of the fuel by-passing the metering valves, e.g. by valves responsive to signals of temperature or oxygen sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1477—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation circuit or part of it,(e.g. comparator, PI regulator, output)
- F02D41/1484—Output circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
- F02D41/182—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow for the control of a fuel injection device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/16—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors
- F02M69/18—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors the means being metering valves throttling fuel passages to injectors or by-pass valves throttling overflow passages, the metering valves being actuated by a device responsive to the engine working parameters, e.g. engine load, speed, temperature or quantity of air
- F02M69/22—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors the means being metering valves throttling fuel passages to injectors or by-pass valves throttling overflow passages, the metering valves being actuated by a device responsive to the engine working parameters, e.g. engine load, speed, temperature or quantity of air the device comprising a member movably mounted in the air intake conduit and displaced according to the quantity of air admitted to the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/16—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors
- F02M69/26—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for metering continuous fuel flow to injectors or means for varying fuel pressure upstream of continuously or intermittently operated injectors the means varying fuel pressure in a fuel by-pass passage, the pressure acting on a throttle valve against the action of metered or throttled fuel pressure for variably throttling fuel flow to injection nozzles, e.g. to keep constant the pressure differential at the metering valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
- F02D2700/09—Other ways of controlling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Description
R. 695
19-1.1972 Kh/DrR. 695
19-1.1972 Kh / Dr
Anlage zur
Zusatz-Patent- und
GebrauchsmusterhilfsanmeldungAttachment to
Additional patent and
Utility model registration
' ROBERT EOSCH GMBH, 7 Stuttgart 1 ' ROBERT EOSCH GMBH, 7 Stuttgart 1
Zusatz zu Patent (Patentanmeldung P 21 33 i|34)Addendum to patent (patent application P 21 33 i | 34)
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine 'Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage mit kontinuierlicher Einspritzung in das Saugrohr von gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen, in deren Saugrohr ein Meßorgan und eine willkürlich betätigbare Drosselklappe hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei das Meßorgan proportional der durchströmenden Luftmenge gegen eine normalerweise konstante, jedoch in Abhängigkeit von. Motorkenngrößen änderbare Rückstellkraft ausgelenkt wird und das bewegliche Teil eines in der Kraftstoffleitung angeordneten Ventils für die Zumessung einer zur Luftmenge in einem gewünschten Verhältnis stehenden Kraftstoffmenge betätigt, wobei die Änderung der Rückstellkraft durch einen ElektromagnetenThe invention relates to a 'fuel injection system with continuous injection into the intake manifold of mixture-compressing, externally ignited internal combustion engines, in their Suction pipe, a measuring element and an arbitrarily actuatable throttle valve are arranged one behind the other, the Measuring element proportional to the amount of air flowing through against a normally constant, but dependent on. Engine parameters Changeable restoring force is deflected and the movable part is arranged in the fuel line Valve for metering a desired amount of air in a Relative standing fuel quantity actuated, the change of the restoring force by an electromagnet
309831/0177 - 2 -309831/0177 - 2 -
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
erfolgt, dessen magnetische Feldstärke und damit die Federvorspannung eines den Flüssigkeitsdruck der als Rückstellkraft dienenden Druckflüssigkeit bestimmenden Druckregelventils insbesondere in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Sauerstoffsonde -'-änderbar ist, nach Patentanmeldung P 21 33takes place, its magnetic field strength and thus the spring preload a pressure control valve which determines the fluid pressure of the hydraulic fluid serving as the restoring force in particular as a function of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine by means of an oxygen probe -'- changeable is, according to patent application P 21 33
Brennkraftmaschinen enthalten in ihrem Abgas u. a. Kohlenmonoxid, Stickoxide und unverbrannte oder teilverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe, die zu einer beträchtlichen Verunreinigung der Luft führen. Um diese schädlichen Anteile der Abgase in unschädliche Verbindungen überführen zu können, leitet man u.a. die Abgase oberhalb deren Reaktionstemperatur über Katalysatoren. Hierbei ist es jedoch erforderlich, daß das Abgas eine Zusammensetzung aufweist, die praktisch eine vollständige Umsetzung zu den unschädlichen Verbindungen ermöglicht, d.h. das Verhältnis Luft zu Brennstoff muß nahezu stöchiometrisch sein, was einem Luftverhältnis von 2-nahe 1 entspricht.Internal combustion engines contain, among other things, in their exhaust gas. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned or partially burned Hydrocarbons, which cause significant air pollution. To avoid these harmful parts of the exhaust gases in In order to be able to transfer harmless compounds, among other things, one passes over the exhaust gases above their reaction temperature Catalysts. In this case, however, it is necessary that the exhaust gas has a composition which is practically one enables complete conversion to the harmless compounds, i.e. the ratio of air to fuel must be almost be stoichiometric, which is an air ratio of 2-close 1 corresponds.
Bei der oben beschriebenen Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage kann die als Rückstellkraft dienende Druckflüssigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffanteil im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine dadurch beeinflußt werden, daß der Anker des Elektromagneten auf die als bewegliches Teil des Druckregelventiles dienende Membran wirkt. Die magnetische Hysterese des Ankerwerkstoffes wird durch Verwendung nickelhaltigen Eisens klein gehalten. Die noch verbleibende Hysterese des Weicheisens ergibt jedoch auch bei sehr gutem Material eine Hysterese in der Rückmeldung, die au Abweichungen vom Optimalpunkt oder zu Regelschwingungen wegen nicht sofort erfaßter Abweichungen führen kann.In the fuel injection system described above, the Pressure fluid serving as a restoring force as a function of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine be influenced that the armature of the electromagnet on the serving as a movable part of the pressure control valve membrane works. The magnetic hysteresis of the armature material is kept small by using iron containing nickel. However, the remaining hysteresis of the soft iron results Even with very good material, there is a hysteresis in the feedback, which results in deviations from the optimum point or in control oscillations due to deviations not recorded immediately.
309831/0177309831/0177
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage nach dem Hauptpatent so weiterzubilden, daß die geforderte sehr hohe Rückmeldegenauigkeit erreicht wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of the fuel injection system to further develop according to the main patent in such a way that the required very high feedback accuracy is achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß als Elektromagnet des Druckregelventiles ein Permanentmagnet mit einem Tauchspulanker dient.This object is achieved in that as The electromagnet of the pressure control valve is a permanent magnet with a moving coil armature.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Tauchspulanker des Elektromagneten reibungsfrei an einer Blattfeder (Spinne) aufgehängt ist und die als bewegliches Ventilteil ausgebildete Membran des Druckregelventils über eine Blattfeder durch den Tauchspulanker beaufsehlagbar ist.A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the moving coil armature of the electromagnet is frictionless a leaf spring (spider) is suspended and the membrane of the pressure control valve, which is designed as a movable valve part can be acted upon by the moving coil armature via a leaf spring.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1 die Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage,Fig. 1 the fuel injection system,
Pig. 2 eine Schaltung, mit der der Steuerstrom des Druckregelventiles in Abhängigkeit von der Sauerstoffkonzentration geregelt wird. : ' -Pig. 2 a circuit with which the control current of the pressure regulating valve is regulated depending on the oxygen concentration. : '-
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage strömt die Verbrennungsluft in Pfeilrichtung in einen Saugrohrabschnitt I, in dem ein Meßorgan 2 in einem konischen Teil 3 angeordnet ist, und weiterhin durch einen Verbindungsschlauch 4 und einen Saugrohrabschnitt 5 zu einem oder mehreren nicht dargestellten Zylindern einer Brennkraftmaschine. Das Meßorgan 2 ist eine quer zur Strömungsrichtung angeordnete Platte, die sich in dem konischen Teil 3 des Saugrohres nach einer annähernd linearen Funktion der durch das Saugrohr strömenden Luftmenge bewegt, wobei für eine konstante am Meßorgan 2 angreifende Rückstellkraft sowie einen konstantenIn the fuel injection system shown in FIG the combustion air flows in the direction of the arrow into an intake pipe section I in which a measuring element 2 is conical Part 3 is arranged, and further through a connecting hose 4 and a suction pipe section 5 to one or several cylinders, not shown, of an internal combustion engine. The measuring element 2 is arranged transversely to the direction of flow Plate, which is located in the conical part 3 of the suction pipe according to an approximately linear function of the through the suction pipe moving amount of air flowing, with a constant restoring force acting on the measuring element 2 and a constant
309831/0177 - u -309831/0177 - u -
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
vor dem Meßorgan 2 herrschenden Luftdruck, der zwischen Meßorgan 2 und Drosselklappe 6 herrschende Druck ebenfalls konstant bleibt.The air pressure prevailing in front of the measuring element 2, as is the pressure prevailing between the measuring element 2 and the throttle valve 6 remains constant.
Das Meßorgan 2 steuert unmittelbar ein Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventil 7· Zur Übertragung der Verstellbewegung des Meßorgans 2 dient ein mit. ihm verbundener Hebel 8, der um einen Drehpunkt 9 möglichst reibungsfrei gelagert ist und bei seiner Schwenkbewegung mit einer Nase 10 das als Steuerschieber 11 ausgebildete bewegliche Ventilteil des Zumeßventils 7 betätigt. Eine Stirnfläche 12 des Steuerschiebers 11 wird von Druckflüssigkeit beaufschlagt, die als Rückstellkraft auf das Meßorgan 2 dient.The measuring element 2 directly controls a flow divider and metering valve 7 · For transferring the adjustment movement of the measuring element 2 serves a with. lever 8 connected to it, which is mounted with as little friction as possible around a pivot point 9 and at its pivoting movement with a nose 10 designed as a control slide 11 movable valve part of the metering valve 7 actuated. An end face 12 of the control slide 11 is acted upon by hydraulic fluid, which acts as a restoring force on the measuring element 2 is used.
Die Kraftstoffversorgung erfolgt durch eine von einem Elektromotor 15 angetriebene Kraftstoffpumpe l6, die Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter 17 ansaugt und über eineThe fuel supply is done by one of one Electric motor 15 driven fuel pump l6, the fuel Sucks in from a fuel tank 17 and via a
\tung 18 dem Zumeßveiitil zuführt. Von der Leitung l8 zweigt eine Leitung 19 ab, in die ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 20 geschaltet ist.\ device 18 supplies the metering component. From the line l8 branches off a line 19 into which a pressure relief valve 20 is connected.
Aus der Leitung l8 gelangt der Kraftstoff in einen Kanal 21 im Gehäuse des Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventiles 7· Der Kanal 21 führt zu einer Ringnut 22 des Steuerschiebers 11 und weiter über verschiedene Abzweigungen zu Kammern 23, so daß die eine Seite einer Me.~::ran 2k durch diesen Kraftstoffdruck beaufschlagt ivird. Je nach Stellung des Steuerschiebers 11 überdeckt die Ringnut 22 mehr oder weniger Steuerschlitze 25, die durch Kanäle 26 zu je einer Kammer führen, die die Membran 2k von den Kammer 23 trennt. Aus den Kammern 27 gelangt der Kraftstoff üb.er Kanäle 28 zu den einzelnen nicht dargestellten Einspritzventilen, die in der Nähe der Motorzylinder im Saugrohr angeordnet sind. Die Membran 2k dient al? ewegliches Teil eines Flachsitzventiles, das durch eine Feder 29 bei nicht arbeitender Kraftstoffeinsprit:From the line 18 the fuel enters a channel 21 in the housing of the flow divider and metering valve 7. The channel 21 leads to an annular groove 22 of the control slide 11 and further via various branches to chambers 23 , so that one side of a meter. : ran 2k is acted upon by this fuel pressure. Depending on the position of the control slide 11, the annular groove 22 covers more or fewer control slots 25 which each lead through channels 26 to a chamber that separates the membrane 2k from the chamber 23. From the chambers 27, the fuel arrives via channels 28 to the individual injection valves, not shown, which are arranged in the vicinity of the engine cylinders in the intake manifold. The membrane 2k serves al? A movable part of a flat seat valve, which by a spring 29 when the fuel injection is not working:
309831/0177309831/0177
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
anlage offengehalten wird. Die je aus einer Kammer 23 und gebildeten Membrandosen bewirken, daß unabhängig von der zwischen der Ringnut 22 und den Steuerschlitzen 25 bestehenden überdeckung, also unabhängig von der zu den Einspritzventilen strömenden Kraftstoffmenge, das Druckgefälle an dem Zumeßventil 22, 25 weitgehend konstant bleibt. Damit ist gewährleistet, daß der Verstellweg des Steuerschiebers 11 und die zugemessene Kraftstoffmenge proportional sind.system is kept open. The membrane cans formed each from a chamber 23 and cause that regardless of the between the annular groove 22 and the control slots 25 existing overlap, ie regardless of the to the Injectors, the amount of fuel flowing, the pressure differential at the metering valve 22, 25 remains largely constant. This ensures that the adjustment path of the control slide 11 and the metered amount of fuel proportionally are.
Die als konstante Rückstellkraft auf den Steuerschieber 11 wirkende Druckflüssigkeit ist Kraftstoff. Hierfür zweigt von der Leitung 18 eine Leitung 32 ab, die in einen Kanal 35 mündet, der mit einem Druckraum 33 in Verbindung steht, in den der Steuerschieber mit seiner Stirnfläche 12 ragt. In der Leitung 32 ist eine Drossel 34 angeordnet, die den Versorgungskreislauf 18 des Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventiles 7 von dem Steuerdruckkreislauf 32, 35 trennt. Der Kraftstoff gelangt über den Kanal 35 zum Druckregelventil 36> um dann von dort über eine Rücklaufleitung 37 drucklos zum Kraftstoffbehälter 17 zurückzufließen. Das Druckregelventil 36 ist als Flachsitzventil ausgebildet, mit einer Metallmembran 24 als bewegliches Ventilteil. Die zwischen den Grundkörper 38 und das Gehäuse 39 gespannte Membran 24 bestimmt zusammen mit einem im Grundkörper 38 angeordneten festen Ventilsitz 40 in Offenstellung den Durchströmquerschnitt des Druckregelventiles. Es genügt schon eine geringe Bewegung der Membran 24, um den vollen Ventilquerschnitt als Ringquerschnitt zu öffnen, wodurch der überströmende Kraftstoff durch die Rücklaufleitung 37 drucklos zum Kraftstoffbehälter I7 gelangen kann. Die Membran 24 ist über Pfannen 43 und 44 und eine Stelze 45 durch eine als Spinne ausgebildete Blattfeder 46 belastet, die so vorgespannt ist, daß sie in Schließrichtung des Ventils wirkt. Mit der'Blattfeder 46 ist ein Tauchspulanker 47 fest verbunden. Der Tauchspulanker 47 besitzt eineThe pressure fluid acting as a constant restoring force on the control slide 11 is fuel. For this purpose, a line 32 branches off from the line 18 and opens into a channel 35 which is connected to a pressure chamber 33 into which the control slide protrudes with its end face 12. In the line 32 there is a throttle 34 which separates the supply circuit 18 of the flow divider and metering valve 7 from the control pressure circuit 32, 35. The fuel flows through the channel 35 to the pressure regulating valve 36> and then flow back from there via a return line to the fuel tank 37 depressurized 17th The pressure regulating valve 36 is designed as a flat seat valve, with a metal diaphragm 24 as a movable valve part. The membrane 24 stretched between the base body 38 and the housing 39, together with a fixed valve seat 40 arranged in the base body 38, determines the flow cross-section of the pressure control valve in the open position. A slight movement of the diaphragm 24 is sufficient to open the full valve cross-section as an annular cross-section, whereby the overflowing fuel can reach the fuel tank I7 without pressure through the return line 37. The membrane 24 is loaded via pans 43 and 44 and a stilt 45 by a leaf spring 46 designed as a spider, which is pretensioned so that it acts in the closing direction of the valve. A moving coil armature 47 is firmly connected to the leaf spring 46. The moving coil armature 47 has a
309831/0177 - β - 309831/0177 - β -
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
Drahtspule 48. Um den Tauchspulanker 47 herum ist ein ringförmiger Weicheisenkern 49 angeordnet, an dem sich in axialer Richtung ein ebenfalls ringförmiger Permanentmagnet 50 anschließt. An den Permanentmagneten 50 schließt sich eine Weicheisenplatte 51 mit einem Kern 52 an, der in das Innere des Tauchspulankers 47 hineinragt.Wire coil 48. Around the moving coil armature 47 is an annular one Soft iron core 49 arranged on which in the axial Direction a likewise ring-shaped permanent magnet 50 connects. A soft iron plate 51 with a core 52 adjoins the permanent magnet 50, which extends into the interior of the Moving coil armature 47 protrudes.
Die Wirkungsweise der Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage ist folgende:The fuel injection system works as follows:
Bei laufender Brennkraftmaschine wird durch die von dem Elektromotor 15 angetriebene Pumpe 16 Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter 17 angesaugt und über die Leitung 18 dem Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventil 7 zugeführt. Gleichzeitig saugt die Brennkraftmaschine über das Saugrohr Luft an, durch die das Meßorgan 2 eine gewisse Auslenkung aus seiner Ruhelage erfährt. Entsprechend der Auslenkung des Meßorgans 2 wird über den Hebel 8 auch der Steuerschieber 11 verschoben, der dabei einen größeren Querschnitt der Steuerschlitze 25 freigibt. Die direkte Verbindung zwischen Meßorgan 2 und dem Steuerschieber 11 ergibt ein konstantes Verhältnis von Luftmenge und zugemessener Kraftstoffmenge.When the internal combustion engine is running, the pump 16 driven by the electric motor 15 removes fuel from the The fuel tank 17 is sucked in and fed to the flow divider and metering valve 7 via the line 18. Simultaneously The internal combustion engine sucks in air through the intake manifold, which causes the measuring element 2 to deflect a certain amount from its rest position learns. In accordance with the deflection of the measuring element 2, the control slide 11 is also displaced via the lever 8, the thereby exposing a larger cross section of the control slots 25. The direct connection between the measuring element 2 and the Control slide 11 results in a constant ratio of air volume and metered fuel volume.
Um das Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch je nach dem Abschnitt des Betriebsbereiches der Brennkraftmaschine reicher oder ärmer halten zu können, ist eine Änderung der an sich konstanten Rückstellkraft des Meßorgans 2 in Abhängigkeit von Motorkenngrößen erforderlich. Dies erfolgt dadurch, daß die Motorkenngrößen entweder elektronisch gemessen oder nach Umwandlung in elektrische Größen durch ein elektrisches Steuergerät gewandelt werden und als entsprechende Stromstärken die magnetische Feldstärke der Drahtspule 48 ändern, so daß der Tauchspulanker 47 mehr oder weniger der VorspannungTo the fuel-air mixture depending on the section of the operating range To be able to keep the internal combustion engine richer or poorer is a change in the constant Restoring force of the measuring element 2 is required as a function of the engine parameters. This is done in that the Motor parameters either measured electronically or after conversion into electrical values by an electrical one Control unit are converted and change the magnetic field strength of the wire coil 48 as corresponding current strengths, so that the moving coil armature 47 more or less of the bias
309831/017 7 7"309831/017 7 7 "
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
der Blattfeder 46 entgegenwirkt. Da das Druckregelventil zur Drucksteuerung der Rückstellkraft nur einen minimalen Weg benötigt, kann die Magnetkraft, d.h. der Steuerstrom unmittelbar in Druck umgesetzt werden. Durch die Aufhängung des Tauchspulankers 47 an der Blattfeder 46 und die Ausgestaltung des Druckregelventiles als Flachsitzventil arbeitet das Druckregelventil mechanisch völlig reibungsfrei und durch Verwendung des Tauchspulmagnet systems hysteresefrei.the leaf spring 46 counteracts. Since the pressure control valve for pressure control of the restoring force only has a minimal path required, the magnetic force, i.e. the control current, can be converted directly into pressure. Through the suspension of the moving coil armature 47 on the leaf spring 46 and the design of the pressure control valve works as a flat seat valve the pressure control valve is mechanically completely frictionless and free of hysteresis thanks to the use of the moving coil magnet system.
Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, kann es vorteilhaft sein, das Druckregelventil 36 in das Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventil 7 zu integrieren, unter gleichzeitiger Benutzung der Membran 24 als bewegliches Ventilteil. Das Druckregelventil kann jedoch auch getrennt von dem Mengenteiler- und Zumeßventil 7 angeordnet sein.As shown in Fig. 1, it can be advantageous that To integrate pressure control valve 36 in the flow divider and metering valve 7, while using the membrane 24 as a movable valve part. The pressure control valve can, however, also be separated from the flow divider and metering valve 7 be arranged.
Das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem kann durch entsprechende Ausgestaltung des konischen Teiles 3 für ein bestimmtes Luftverhältnis X ausgelegt werden. Vorzugsweise wird der konische Teil für ein Luftverhältnis von X annähernd 1,05 ausgelegt, während die Nachführung des Luftverhältnisses auf λ- = l mit Hilfe einer in Fig. 2 dargestellten Sauerstoffsonde 60 erfolgt. Dac Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch wird also ausgehend von der armen Seite angereichert. Fig. 2 zeigt die zur Nachregelung erforderliche Schaltung. In einer Wand 595 die einen Raum 6l, durch den das Abgas der. Brennkraftmaschine strömt, von einem Raum 62, der mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung steht, trennt, ist die Sauerstof;"sonde 60 so angeordnet, daß das auf einem ionenleitenden Festelektrolyten 63 aufgetragene elektrisch leitende Kontaktierungsmaterial 64, 65 auf der einen Seite 64 mit dem Ab<;as der Brennkraft-' maschine, also der Kammer 6l und auf der anderen Seite 65 mit der Atmosphäre, also der Kammer 62 in Verbindung steht.The fuel injection system can be designed for a specific air ratio X by appropriately designing the conical part 3. The conical part is preferably designed for an air ratio of X approximately 1.05, while the air ratio is adjusted to λ- = 1 with the aid of an oxygen probe 60 shown in FIG. The fuel-air mixture is therefore enriched starting from the poor side. Fig. 2 shows the circuit required for readjustment. In a wall 59 5 a space 6l through which the exhaust gas. Internal combustion engine flows, from a space 62, which is in communication with the atmosphere, separates the oxygen; "probe 60 is arranged so that the electrically conductive contacting material 64, 65 applied to an ion-conductive solid electrolyte 63 on one side 64 with the outlet <; as the internal combustion engine, so the chamber 6l and on the other side 65 with the atmosphere, so the chamber 62 is in communication.
309831/0177 - 8 -309831/0177 - 8 -
Robert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
Der Pestelektrolyt 63 kann aus stabilisiertem Zirkondioxid, Thoriumdioxid oder Mullit, einem feuerfesten in hohem Maße temperaturbeständigen Aluminiumsiliciumoxid als Sauerstoff ionenleiter bestehen. Das Kontaktierungsmaterial 64, 65 ist sehr dünn aufgetragen und porös, d.h. gasdurchlässig und kann z.B. aus Platin, aus hochtemperaturteständigen, elektrisch leitenden Hartstoffen von der Art des Wolframcarbids oder aus temperaturbeständigen, elektrisch leitenden 1 Oxiden von der Art Trieisentetroxid bestehen. Zwischen dem mit dem Abgas in Berührung stehenden Kontaktierungsmaterial 64 und dem mit der Atmosphäre in Berührung stehenden Kontaktierungsmaterial 65 stellt sich ein bestimmtes vom Sauerstoffgehalt des Abgases abhängiges Potential ein, das mit einem Referenzpotential, das durch einen entsprechend hochohmigen Spannungsteiler aus zwei Widerständen 66, 67 gebildet wird, mittels eines Operationsverstärkers 68 verglichen wird. Die Ausgangsspannung des Operationsverstärkers 68 liegt an der Basis eines als Emitterfolger geschalteten Transistors 69 und bestimmt somit den Steuerstrom der Drahtspule 48 des Druckregelventils 36. Um bei Vollast der Brennkraftmaschine das höchste Drehmoment zu erhalten, betätigt die Drosselklappe 6 kurz vor Erreichen ihrer Offenstellung einen Schalter 70, dem ein Widerstand 71 vorgeschaltet ist. Dadurch ergibt sich ein höherer Steuerstrom an der Drahtspule 48, was zu einer Verringerung der Rückstellkraft auf den Steuerschieber 11 und damit einer Vergrößerung der zugemessenen Kraftstoffmenge führt.. Das sich einstellende Luftverhältnis liegt dabei bei X annähernd 0,9·The plague electrolyte 63 can consist of stabilized zirconium dioxide, thorium dioxide or mullite, a refractory, highly temperature-resistant aluminum silicon oxide as an oxygen ion conductor. The contacting material 64, 65 is applied very thin and porous, that is gas permeable and may, for example of platinum, from hochtemperaturteständigen electrically conductive hard substances of the type of tungsten carbide or of temperature-resistant, electrically conductive oxides consist of the type 1 triiron tetroxide. Between the contacting material 64 that is in contact with the exhaust gas and the contacting material 65 that is in contact with the atmosphere, a certain potential is established, which depends on the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and which is formed with a reference potential that is formed by a correspondingly high-resistance voltage divider made up of two resistors 66, 67 is compared by means of an operational amplifier 68. The output voltage of the operational amplifier 68 is at the base of a transistor 69 connected as an emitter follower and thus determines the control current of the wire coil 48 of the pressure regulating valve 36. In order to obtain the highest torque when the internal combustion engine is at full load, the throttle valve 6 actuates a switch 70 shortly before reaching its open position , which is preceded by a resistor 71. Thereby, a higher control current is produced at the wire coil 48, which leads to a reduction in the restoring force on the spool 11 and thus an increase in the metered quantity of fuel .. The up-adjusting air ratio lies approximately at X 0.9 *
Um Unsicherheiten durch Temperaturschwankungen bei Verwendung der Atmosphäre als Sauerstoffbezugssystem zu vermeiden, kann es zweckmäßig sein, ein gasdicht abgeschlossenes Sauerstöffbezugssystem zu benutzen, das sich in seiner Zusammensetzung nicht ändern kann. Als SauerstoffbezugssystemIn order to avoid uncertainties due to temperature fluctuations when using the atmosphere as the oxygen reference system, it may be useful to use a gas-tight closed oxygen reference system that is located in his Composition can not change. As an oxygen reference system
309831/0177 - 9 -309831/0177 - 9 -
Robert Bosch GmbH ■ R. 695 Kh/DrRobert Bosch GmbH ■ R. 695 Kh / Dr
StuttgartStuttgart
kommen verschiedene Metall- Metalloxid-Gemische oder Gemische zweier Oxide eines Metalls in zwei Wertigkeitsstufen in Betracht, wie z.B. die Systeme Ni/NiO, Cu/CUgO u. a. m., viobei die beiden Komponenten jevfeils im stöchiometrischen Verhältnis 1 : 1 vorliegen.different metal-metal oxide mixtures or mixtures of two oxides of a metal in two valence levels come into Consideration, such as the systems Ni / NiO, Cu / CUgO and others. m., The two components are each stoichiometric The ratio is 1: 1.
309831 /0177309831/0177
Claims (3)
eine Blattfeder (45) durch den Tauchspulanker (47, 48) beaufschlagbar ist.,.3. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (24) of the pressure control valve (36), which is designed as a movable valve part, extends over
a leaf spring (45) can be acted upon by the moving coil armature (47, 48).,.
Priority Applications (15)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691960146 DE1960146C (en) | 1969-12-01 | Fuel injection system with continuous injection into the intake manifold of mixture-compressing foreign-ignited internal combustion engines | |
| US92345A US3703888A (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-24 | Device for the fuel quantity control in response to operational variables of an internal combustion engine |
| GB56431/70A GB1283860A (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-27 | Improvements in fuel injection systems |
| FR7042755A FR2072531A5 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-27 | Continuous injection fuel suction device inside the suction manifold of internal combustion engines with compression of the mixture and positive ignition |
| ES386028A ES386028A1 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-30 | Device for the fuel quantity control in response to operational variables of an internal combustion engine |
| BE759679A BE759679A (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-30 | CONTINUOUS INJECTION FUEL INJECTION DEVICE INSIDE THE SUCTION TUBING OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH MIXTURE COMPRESSION AND CONTROLLED IGNITION |
| SE16194/70A SE362119B (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-30 | Fuel injection device with continuous injection into the intake manifold for a fuel mixture compressing internal combustion engine with external ignition |
| NL7017465A NL7017465A (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-30 | Fuel injection system with continuous injection into the suction pipe of mixture-compressing combustion engines with separate ignition |
| AT1077170A AT307809B (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-11-30 | Fuel injection system with continuous injection into the intake manifold of mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engines |
| JP45106247A JPS4946671B1 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1970-12-01 | |
| DE19722203507 DE2203507A1 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1972-01-26 | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM |
| US00322382A US3796200A (en) | 1972-01-26 | 1973-01-10 | Fuel injection apparatus |
| GB383173A GB1411051A (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1973-01-25 | Fuel injection systems |
| JP1091873A JPS5732208B2 (en) | 1972-01-26 | 1973-01-26 | |
| FR7302882A FR2169349A2 (en) | 1970-11-27 | 1973-01-26 | A device for injecting fuel with continuous injection inside the intake manifold of internal combustion engines with compression of the mixture and controlled ignition |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691960146 DE1960146C (en) | 1969-12-01 | Fuel injection system with continuous injection into the intake manifold of mixture-compressing foreign-ignited internal combustion engines | |
| DE19712133434 DE2133434C3 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1971-07-05 | Fuel injection system with continuous injection into the intake manifold of mixture-compressing spark-ignited internal combustion engines |
| DE19722203507 DE2203507A1 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1972-01-26 | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2203507A1 true DE2203507A1 (en) | 1973-08-02 |
Family
ID=42077836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19722203507 Pending DE2203507A1 (en) | 1969-12-01 | 1972-01-26 | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3703888A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS4946671B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT307809B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE759679A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2203507A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES386028A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2072531A5 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB1283860A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7017465A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE362119B (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2124553C3 (en) * | 1971-05-18 | 1979-04-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection system for mixture-compressing, externally ignited internal combustion engines with continuous injection into the intake manifold |
| US3765387A (en) * | 1971-07-05 | 1973-10-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection apparatus |
| AT313646B (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1974-02-25 | Johannes Zeyns Dr Ing | Device on internal combustion engines with a device for continuously measuring the quantities of combustion air drawn in and for measuring and evenly distributing the fuel quantities to be allocated to several injection valves assigned to several cylinders |
| DE2203018C3 (en) * | 1972-01-22 | 1974-11-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection system |
| DE2243925A1 (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1974-03-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | FUEL METERING SYSTEM FOR MIXED COMPRESSING, EXTERNAL IGNITION COMBUSTION MACHINES |
| DE2246546C2 (en) * | 1972-09-22 | 1984-12-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel metering valve of a fuel injection system for mixture-compressing spark-ignited internal combustion engines |
| DE2246547C2 (en) * | 1972-09-22 | 1984-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection system for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines |
| FR2239600B1 (en) * | 1973-08-01 | 1976-06-18 | Sibe | |
| US3915138A (en) * | 1973-09-22 | 1975-10-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection system |
| DE2348859A1 (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-04-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM |
| DE2349631C2 (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1984-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection system |
| DE2357263C2 (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-03-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines |
| US3993032A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1976-11-23 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Fuel injection systems |
| DE2547645C3 (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1978-11-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection system |
| DE2621555A1 (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-12-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM |
| DE2656538C2 (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1985-07-11 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Fuel injection system |
| US4208358A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1980-06-17 | General Motors Corporation | Carburetor and method of calibration |
| JPS5412464U (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-01-26 | ||
| US4178332A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1979-12-11 | General Motors Corporation | Carburetor and method of calibration |
| US4175103A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1979-11-20 | General Motors Corporation | Carburetor |
| US4217314A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-08-12 | General Motors Corporation | Carburetor and method of operation |
| JPS5841232A (en) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Control apparatus for fuel injection pump of the type capable of changing number of operative cylinders |
| US5341785A (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-08-30 | Echlin, Inc. | Fuel delivery system for internal combustion engines |
| CN102080581B (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2013-10-16 | 深圳市海利科科技开发有限公司 | Control system for controlling screw expansion power machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB594494A (en) * | 1945-06-12 | 1947-11-12 | Richard Garratt Ellis | Improvements in variable jet carburettors for variable speed internal combustion engines |
| GB515040A (en) * | 1938-02-23 | 1939-11-24 | Self Priming Pump And Engineer | Improvements in and relating to carburettors for internal combustion engines |
| US2600368A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1952-06-10 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Charge forming device |
-
1970
- 1970-11-24 US US92345A patent/US3703888A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-11-27 FR FR7042755A patent/FR2072531A5/en not_active Expired
- 1970-11-27 GB GB56431/70A patent/GB1283860A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-11-30 ES ES386028A patent/ES386028A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-11-30 AT AT1077170A patent/AT307809B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-11-30 BE BE759679A patent/BE759679A/en unknown
- 1970-11-30 NL NL7017465A patent/NL7017465A/en unknown
- 1970-11-30 SE SE16194/70A patent/SE362119B/en unknown
- 1970-12-01 JP JP45106247A patent/JPS4946671B1/ja active Pending
-
1972
- 1972-01-26 DE DE19722203507 patent/DE2203507A1/en active Pending
-
1973
- 1973-01-25 GB GB383173A patent/GB1411051A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2072531A5 (en) | 1971-09-24 |
| DE1960146A1 (en) | 1971-07-22 |
| GB1411051A (en) | 1975-10-22 |
| AT307809B (en) | 1973-06-12 |
| BE759679A (en) | 1971-04-30 |
| US3703888A (en) | 1972-11-28 |
| SE362119B (en) | 1973-11-26 |
| JPS4946671B1 (en) | 1974-12-11 |
| ES386028A1 (en) | 1973-02-16 |
| NL7017465A (en) | 1971-06-03 |
| GB1283860A (en) | 1972-08-02 |
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| OHA | Expiration of time for request for examination |